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Curchod BFE, Orr-Ewing AJ. Perspective on Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Atmospheric Photochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6613-6635. [PMID: 39021090 PMCID: PMC11331530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Research that explores the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere is central to the current understanding of global challenges such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and poor air quality in urban areas. This research is a synergistic combination of three established domains: earth observation, for example, using satellites, and in situ field measurements; computer modeling of the atmosphere and its chemistry; and laboratory measurements of the properties and reactivity of gas-phase molecules and aerosol particles. The complexity of the interconnected chemical and photochemical reactions which determine the composition of the atmosphere challenges the capacity of laboratory studies to provide the spectroscopic, photochemical, and kinetic data required for computer models. Here, we consider whether predictions from computational chemistry using modern electronic structure theory and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations are becoming sufficiently accurate to supplement quantitative laboratory data for wavelength-dependent absorption cross-sections, photochemical quantum yields, and reaction rate coefficients. Drawing on presentations and discussions from the CECAM workshop on Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Atmospheric Photochemistry held in March 2024, we describe key concepts in the theory of photochemistry, survey the state-of-the-art in computational photochemistry methods, and compare their capabilities with modern experimental laboratory techniques. From such considerations, we offer a perspective on the scope of computational (photo)chemistry methods based on rigorous electronic structure theory to become a fourth core domain of research in atmospheric chemistry.
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Kumar A, Kumar P. Can Ozone Dissociate at the Surface of Water (Water Droplet and Ice) without Light? J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10016-10025. [PMID: 37965752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a major source of OH radicals in the troposphere. It is well-known that photodissociation of ozone is key for the conversion of ozone into OH radicals. In the present study, using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation, we have shown that on the surface of the droplet and ice, ozone can dissociate without light. In addition, the dissociation time of ozone is found to be much less on the ice surface than the same time on the water droplet. As the dissociation of ozone on the water surface can happen during the day as well as in the night time, we believe this route of forming OH radicals can be even more important than the photodissociation. The present study suggests that the cloud and ice surface can enhance the oxidizing power of the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017,India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017,India
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3
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Decomposition of Gaseous Styrene Using Photocatalyst and Ozone Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Because photocatalysis has strong oxidation abilities in redox systems, it has been applied to indoor air purification. However, intermediate products are produced during the photocatalytic oxidative decomposition of aromatic compounds with benzene rings. Therefore, it is essential to improve decomposition performance and evaluate the intermediate products produced for practical applications. Herein, we describe the decomposition performance of ozone, photocatalyst, and their combination, under the target gas of styrene. Using a one-pass mini reactor, decomposition performance was evaluated by analyzing the output gas in the reactor and observing the styrene removal, the amount of carbon dioxide produced, and the composition of a small amount of intermediate products. The combination of ozone and photocatalyst showed the most significant performance, completely decomposing in the photocatalyst and removing odor components in ozone. Moreover, we demonstrated that decomposition performance could be evaluated by observing slight amounts of intermediate products in the exhaust gas. We believe that this research provides insights into the practical application of photocatalysis and ozone oxidation technologies in air purifiers and their performance management, with particular emphasis on the decomposition of odor compounds.
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Kon A, Inano N, Terada N, Kamata K, Akai N, Nakata M. Photoreactions of Ozone-Tetrahydrothiophene, Ozone-Pyrrolidine, and Ozone-Thiazolidine Complexes Studied Using Matrix-Isolation IR and Visible Absorption Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2114-2120. [PMID: 33689327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoreactions of molecular complexes composed of O3 and three 5-membered heterocyclic compounds, tetrahydrothiophene (THT), pyrrolidine (PyD), and thiazolidine (TAD), are systematically investigated using matrix-isolation infrared (IR) and UV-visible spectroscopies. Two visible-light absorption bands appear in the visible spectra obtained for O3-THT and O3-PyD, whereas four bands are observed for O3-TAD, which contains both N and S atoms in the heterocyclic ring. Upon visible-light irradiation, O3-THT and O3-PyD form their corresponding oxide derivatives, tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide and pyrrolidine-N-oxide. Although two O3-TAD complexes with different photoreactivities are detected, both structures form thiazolidine-1-oxide upon combining with O and S atom in the heterocyclic ring, but not thiazolidine-N-oxide. The mechanism of formation of these oxide compounds can be explained by the stability of the oxide compound in the triplet state formed via the combination of O(3P) and the paired ring molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Kon
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Natsuki Inano
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nariko Terada
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamata
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Akai
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Munetaka Nakata
- Graduate School of BASE (Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Eco-Friendly Cotton/Linen Fabric Treatment Using Aqueous Ozone and Ultraviolet Photolysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals for the scouring and bleaching of fabrics have a high environmental load. In addition, in recent years, the high consumption of these products has become a problem in the manufacture of natural fabric products. Therefore, environmentally friendly, low-waste processes for fabric treatment are required. In this paper, we discuss the bleaching of fabrics using advanced oxidation processes (AOP). These processes use electrochemically generated aqueous ozone and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to achieve bleaching. However, colour reversion often occurs. In this study, we suppressed unwanted colour reversion by treatment with rongalite. After treatment, changes in fabric colour were determined by measuring the colour difference and reflectance spectra. The best bleaching effect was obtained when ozone and UV irradiation treatments were combined, achieving results similar to those of a conventional bleaching method after 60 min of UV irradiation. In addition, the AOP treatment resulted in the simultaneous scouring of the fabric, as shown by the increased hydrophilicity of the fabric after AOP treatment. Thus, this AOP process represents a new fabric bleaching process that has an extremely low environmental impact.
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Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Primidone Removal in Water using Simulated Solar Radiation and TiO 2 or WO 3 as Photocatalyst. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091728. [PMID: 31058864 PMCID: PMC6539243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, primidone, a high persistent pharmacological drug typically found in urban wastewaters, was degraded by different ozone combined AOPs using TiO2 P25 and commercial WO3 as photocatalyst. The comparison of processes, kinetics, nature of transformation products, and ecotoxicity of treated water samples, as well as the influence of the water matrix (ultrapure water or a secondary effluent), is presented and discussed. In presence of ozone, primidone is rapidly eliminated, with hydroxyl radicals being the main species involved. TiO2 was the most active catalyst regardless of the water matrix and the type of solar (global or visible) radiation applied. The synergy between ozone and photocatalysis (photocatalytic ozonation) for TOC removal was more evident at low O3 doses. In spite of having a lower band gap than TiO2 P25, WO3 did not bring any beneficial effects compared to TiO2 P25 regarding PRM and TOC removal. Based on the transformation products identified during ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation of primidone (hydroxyprimidone, phenyl-ethyl-malonamide, and 5-ethyldihydropirimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione), a degradation pathway is proposed. The application of the different processes resulted in an environmentally safe effluent for Daphnia magna.
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Rivas FJ, Solís RR, Beltrán FJ, Gimeno O. Sunlight driven photolytic ozonation as an advanced oxidation process in the oxidation of bezafibrate, cotinine and iopamidol. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:226-242. [PMID: 30599282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of the system O3/sunlight radiation compared to dark ozonation when treating pharmaceuticals compounds of different reactivity, namely bezafibrate, cotinine, and iopamidol. Results show the beneficial effects of simulated sunlight radiation (300-800 nm) when treating ozone recalcitrant compounds such as cotinine and iopamidol. The system O3/sunlight radiation increased mineralization extent in all cases if compared to dark ozonation. Transformation products identified in individual runs suggest that amine oxidation and further alkyl chain attack is the main route of bezafibrate ozonation. Hydroxylation seems to be the preferential path in cotinine abatement while H abstraction from alcoholic moieties is suggested in the case of iopamidol. Toxicity of intermediates was approximately evaluated by QSAR methodologies and experimentally through Daphnia Magna survival after 24 h. As a rule of thumb, initial intermediates generated are even more toxic than parent compounds, however, after 120 min of treatment, toxicity significantly decreased. Amongst the most toxic compounds generated: 4-Chlorobenzoyltyramine, and 4-Chloro-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzamide (from bezafibrate), and N-(2-Hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-N'-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-propionylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide, N,N'-Bis-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-propionylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide, and N-(1-Hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-propionylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide (from iopamidol) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Rivas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Rafael R Solís
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fernando J Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Olga Gimeno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
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8
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Evolved Climates and Observational Discriminants for the TRAPPIST-1 Planetary System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae36a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Sakamoto Y, Zhou J, Kohno N, Nakagawa M, Hirokawa J, Kajii Y. Kinetics Study of OH Uptake onto Deliquesced NaCl Particles by Combining Laser Photolysis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4115-4119. [PMID: 29979879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the role of hydroxyl radical (OH) uptake onto sea-salt particles as a daytime chlorine source, affecting the chemical processes in the marine boundary layer, its uptake coefficient has not yet been confirmed by direct measurement methods. This study reports the application of a combination technique of laser flash photolysis generation and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the direct kinetic measurement of OH uptake onto deliquesced NaCl particles. The uptake coefficient was not constant and inversely depended on the initial OH concentration, indicating that the first uptake step is Langmuir-type adsorption. The resistance model, including surface processes, well reproduced the observed uptake coefficient. The model predicted an uptake coefficient for the atmospheric relevant OH concentration within the range from 0.77 to 0.95. Such values may lead to emissions of Cl2 higher than those predicted in previous studies based on other values. Hence, the proposed value may provide more reliable estimations of ozone formation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, secondary organic aerosol formation, and lifetime of methane and elemental mercury in the marine boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sakamoto
- Center for Regional Environmental Research , National Institute for Environmental Studies , Ibaraki 305-8506 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jun Hirokawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Center for Regional Environmental Research , National Institute for Environmental Studies , Ibaraki 305-8506 , Japan
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10
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Hwang KC, Sagadevan A. One-pot room-temperature conversion of cyclohexane to adipic acid by ozone and UV light. Science 2014; 346:1495-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Arunachalam Sagadevan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Spectroscopic signatures of ozone at the air-water interface and photochemistry implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11618-23. [PMID: 25071195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411727111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
First-principles simulations suggest that additional OH formation in the troposphere can result from ozone interactions with the surface of cloud droplets. Ozone exhibits an affinity for the air-water interface, which modifies its UV and visible light spectroscopic signatures and photolytic rate constant in the troposphere. Ozone cross sections on the red side of the Hartley band (290- to 350-nm region) and in the Chappuis band (450-700 nm) are increased due to electronic ozone-water interactions. This effect, combined with the potential contribution of the O3 + hν → O((3)P) + O2(X(3)Σg(-)) photolytic channel at the interface, leads to an enhancement of the OH radical formation rate by four orders of magnitude. This finding suggests that clouds can influence the overall oxidizing capacity of the troposphere on a global scale by stimulating the production of OH radicals through ozone photolysis by UV and visible light at the air-water interface.
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12
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Wang X, Liu L, Fang W, Chen X. Theoretical insight towards the photo-dissociation dynamics of O3–H2O complex: Deep understanding the source of atmospheric hydroxyl radical. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Gómez Martín JC, Caravan RL, Blitz MA, Heard DE, Plane JMC. Low temperature kinetics of the CH3OH + OH reaction. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2693-701. [PMID: 24669816 DOI: 10.1021/jp5002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rate constant of the reaction between methanol and the hydroxyl radical has been studied in the temperature range 56-202 K by pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence in two separate experiments using either a low temperature flow tube coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer or a pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus. The two independent techniques yield rate constants that are in mutual agreement and consistent with the results reported previously below 82 K [Shannon et al. Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 745-749] and above 210 K [Dillon et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2005, 7, 349-355], showing a very sharp increase with decreasing temperature with an onset around 180 K. This onset is also signaled by strong chemiluminescence tentatively assigned to formaldehyde, which is consistent with the formation of the methoxy radical at low temperature by quantum tunnelling, and its subsequent reaction with H and OH. Our results add confidence to the previous low temperature rate constant measurements and consolidate the experimental reference data set for further theoretical work required to describe quantitatively the tunnelling mechanism operating in this reaction. An additional measurement of the rate constant at 56 K yielded a value of (4.9 ± 0.8) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (2σ), showing that the rate constant is increasing less rapidly at temperatures below 70 K.
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Gerasopoulos E, Kazadzis S, Vrekoussis M, Kouvarakis G, Liakakou E, Kouremeti N, Giannadaki D, Kanakidou M, Bohn B, Mihalopoulos N. Factors affecting O3and NO2photolysis frequencies measured in the eastern Mediterranean during the five-year period 2002-2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
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Luo G, Chen X. Ground-State Intermolecular Proton Transfer of N2O4 and H2O: An Important Source of Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical? J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1147-1153. [PMID: 26288049 DOI: 10.1021/jz300336s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the significance of the generation of atmospheric hydroxyl radical from reaction of N2O4 with H2O, CASPT2//CASSCF as well as CASPT2//CASSCF/Amber QM/MM approaches were employed to map the minimum-energy profiles of sequential reactions, NO2 dimerization and ground-state intermolecular proton transfer of trans-ONONO2 as well as the photolysis of HONO. A highly efficient ground-state intermolecular proton transfer of trans-ONONO2 is found to dominate the generation of hydroxyl radical under atmospheric conditions. Although proton transfer occurs with high efficiency, the precursor reaction of dimerization producing trans-ONONO2 has to overcome a 17.1 kcal/mol barrier and cannot compete with the barrierless channel of symmetric O2N-NO2 formation from isolated NO2 monomers. Our computations reveal that the photolysis of HONO without a barrier definitely makes significant contributions to the concentration of the atmospheric hydroxyl radical, but its importance is influenced by the lack of trans-ONONO2 isomer in the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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17
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Cox RA. Evaluation of laboratory kinetics and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6231-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ruggirello RM, Hermanson MH, Isaksson E, Teixeira C, Forsström S, Muir DCG, Pohjola V, van de Wal R, Meijer HAJ. Current use and legacy pesticide deposition to ice caps on Svalbard, Norway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Lin W, Zhu T, Song Y, Zou H, Tang M, Tang X, Hu J. Photolysis of surface O3and production potential of OH radicals in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Pope FD, Hansen JC, Bayes KD, Friedl RR, Sander SP. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4322-32. [PMID: 17474723 DOI: 10.1021/jp067660w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) is understood to be a key step in the destruction of polar stratospheric ozone. This study generated and purified ClOOCl in a novel fashion, which resulted in spectra with low impurity levels and high peak absorbances. The ClOOCl was generated by laser photolysis of Cl2 in the presence of ozone, or by photolysis of ozone in the presence of CF2Cl2. The product ClOOCl was collected, along with small amounts of impurities, in a trap at about -125 degrees C. Gas-phase ultraviolet spectra were recorded using a long path cell and spectrograph/diode array detector as the trap was slowly warmed. The spectrum of ClOOCl could be fit with two Gaussian-like expressions, corresponding to two different electronic transitions, having similar energies but different widths. The energies and band strengths of these two transitions compare favorably with previous ab initio calculations. The cross sections of ClOOCl at wavelengths longer than 300 nm are significantly lower than all previous measurements or estimates. These low cross sections in the photolytically active region of the solar spectrum result in a rate of photolysis of ClOOCl in the stratosphere that is much lower than currently recommended. For conditions representative of the polar vortex (solar zenith angle of 86 degrees, 20 km altitude, and O3 and temperature profiles measured in March 2000) calculated photolysis rates are a factor of 6 lower than the current JPL/NASA recommendation. This large discrepancy calls into question the completeness of present atmospheric models of polar ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D Pope
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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22
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Bohn B. Solar spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequency measurements in a deciduous forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Riffault V, Gierczak T, Burkholder JB, Ravishankara AR. Quantum yields for OH production in the photodissociation of HNO3 at 248 and 308 nm and H2O2 at 308 and 320 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1079-85. [PMID: 16633589 DOI: 10.1039/b513760h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The quantum yields for OH formation from the photolysis of HNO(3) were measured to be (0.88 +/- 0.09) at 248 and (1.05 +/- 0.29) at 308 nm and of H(2)O(2) to be (1.93 +/- 0.39) at 308 and (1.96 +/- 0.50) at 320 nm. The quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic uncertainties. OH radicals were produced using pulsed laser photolysis and monitored using pulsed laser-induced fluorescence. Quantum yields were measured relative to the OH quantum yields from a reference system. The measured quantum yields at 248 nm are in agreement with previous direct determinations. The quantum yield values at 308 and 320 nm are the first direct quantum yield measurements at these wavelengths and confirm the values currently recommended for atmospheric model calculations. Rate coefficients (at 298 K) for the OH + H(2)O(2) and OH + HNO(3) + M (in 100 Torr of N(2)) reactions were measured during this study to be (1.99 +/- 0.16) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and (1.44 +/- 0.12) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Riffault
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA
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Bohn B, Koppmann R, Rohrer F. Seasonal variations and profile measurements of photolysis frequenciesj(O1D) andj(NO2) at the ECHO forest field site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrady A, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Callaghan T, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, de Gruijl FR, Häder DP, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, Longstreth J, McKenzie RL, Norval M, Redhwi HH, Smith RC, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Teramura AH, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, Zepp RG. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2004. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:177-84. [PMID: 15779130 DOI: 10.1039/b418650h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change has become more apparent.
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Takahashi K, Hayashi S, Suzuki T, Matsumi Y. Accurate Determination of the Absolute Quantum Yield for O(1D) Formation in the Photolysis of Ozone at 308 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0469259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hayashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Shon ZH, Kim KH, Bower KN, Lee G, Kim J. Assessment of the photochemistry of OH and NO3 on Jeju Island during the Asian-dust-storm period in the spring of 2001. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 55:1127-1142. [PMID: 15050810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2002] [Revised: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of the long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on the photochemistry of OH and NO3 on Jeju Island, Korea (33.17 degrees N, 126.10 degrees E) during the Asian-dust-storm (ADS) period of April 2001. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of April 10-12, 13-14, and 25-26. Average concentration levels of daytime OH and nighttime NO3 on Jeju Island during the ADS period were estimated to be about 1x10(6) and 2x10(8) moleculescm(-3) ( approximately 9 pptv), respectively. OH levels during the ADS period were lower than those during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period by a factor of 1.5. This was likely to result from higher CO levels and the significant loading of dust particles, reducing the photolysis frequencies of ozone. Decreases in NO3 levels during the ADS period was likely to be determined mainly by the enhancement of the N2O5 heterogeneous reaction on dust aerosol surfaces. Averaged over 24 h, the reaction between HO2 and NO was the most important source of OH during the study period, followed by ozone photolysis, which contributed more than 95% of the total source. The reactions with CO, NO2, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) during the study period were major sinks for OH. The reaction of N2O5 on aerosol surfaces was a more important sink for nighttime NO3 during the ADS due to the significant loading of dust particles. The reaction of NO3 with NMHCs and the gas-phase reaction of N2O5 with water vapor were both significant loss mechanisms during the study period, especially during the NADS. However, dry deposition of these oxidized nitrogen species and a heterogeneous reaction of NO3 were of no importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busanjingu Gayadong San 24, Busan 614-714, South Korea.
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Hofzumahaus A. Photolysis frequency of O3to O(1D): Measurements and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Monks PS. Attenuation of spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequencies at the surface through homogenous cloud fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya SK. Oxygen isotopic fractionation during UV and visible light photodissociation of ozone. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1533080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chakraborty S. Experimental investigation of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2and O(1D) and its relevance to the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meloni D. Tropospheric aerosols in the Mediterranean: 3. Measurements and modeling of actinic radiation profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cantrell CA. Overview and conclusions of the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Volz-Thomas A. Introduction to Special Section: Photochemistry Experiment in BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Holland F. Measurements of OH and HO2radical concentrations and photolysis frequencies during BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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