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Knowland KE, Keller CA, Wales PA, Wargan K, Coy L, Johnson MS, Liu J, Lucchesi RA, Eastham SD, Fleming E, Liang Q, Leblanc T, Livesey NJ, Walker KA, Ott LE, Pawson S. NASA GEOS Composition Forecast Modeling System GEOS-CF v1.0: Stratospheric Composition. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2021MS002852. [PMID: 35864944 PMCID: PMC9287101 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) provides recent estimates and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition to the public in near-real time. To do this, the GEOS Earth system model is coupled with the GEOS-Chem tropospheric-stratospheric unified chemistry extension (UCX) to represent composition from the surface to the top of the GEOS atmosphere (0.01 hPa). The GEOS-CF system is described, including updates made to the GEOS-Chem UCX mechanism within GEOS-CF for improved representation of stratospheric chemistry. Comparisons are made against balloon, lidar, and satellite observations for stratospheric composition, including measurements of ozone (O3) and important nitrogen and chlorine species related to stratospheric O3 recovery. The GEOS-CF nudges the stratospheric O3 toward the GEOS Forward Processing (GEOS FP) assimilated O3 product; as a result the stratospheric O3 in the GEOS-CF historical estimate agrees well with observations. During abnormal dynamical and chemical environments such as the 2020 polar vortexes, the GEOS-CF O3 forecasts are more realistic than GEOS FP O3 forecasts because of the inclusion of the complex GEOS-Chem UCX stratospheric chemistry. Overall, the spatial patterns of the GEOS-CF simulated concentrations of stratospheric composition agree well with satellite observations. However, there are notable biases-such as low NO x and HNO3 in the polar regions and generally low HCl throughout the stratosphere-and future improvements to the chemistry mechanism and emissions are discussed. GEOS-CF is a new tool for the research community and instrument teams observing trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere, providing near-real-time three-dimensional gridded information on atmospheric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - C. A. Keller
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - P. A. Wales
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - K. Wargan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - L. Coy
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - M. S. Johnson
- Earth Science DivisionNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCAUSA
| | - J. Liu
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/GESTARColumbiaMDUSA
- Now Morgan State University (MSU)/GESTAR‐IIBaltimoreMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - R. A. Lucchesi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - S. D. Eastham
- Laboratory for Aviation and the EnvironmentDepartment of Aeronautics and AstronauticsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global ChangeMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - E. Fleming
- Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Q. Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA GSFCGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - T. Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyWrightwoodCAUSA
| | - N. J. Livesey
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - K. A. Walker
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - L. E. Ott
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. Pawson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)GreenbeltMDUSA
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Poggi G, Francisco JS. An ab initio study of the reaction of HOCO radicals with NO2: Addition/elimination mechanism. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3095757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stiller GP, von Clarmann T, Brühl C, Fischer H, Funke B, Glatthor N, Grabowski U, Höpfner M, Jöckel P, Kellmann S, Kiefer M, Linden A, López-Puertas M, Mengistu Tsidu G, Milz M, Steck T, Steil B. Global distributions of HO2NO2as observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kleinert A, Trieschmann O. Phase determination for a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in emission mode. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:2307-19. [PMID: 17415401 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Beam-splitter emission strongly influences the spectra measured with a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) as it affects the entire phase behavior, in particular in emission spectroscopy. The various radiation contributions of the scene and the FTS itself have different phases in the complex spectrum. As a specific feature, the radiation of the beam splitter is rotated by approximately pi/2 relative to the scene effective radiation. By classical methods of phase correction, the radiation components of different phases are mixed in the complex plane, which may lead to serious errors in the calibrated spectra. For this reason, the nature of the FTS phase has been studied, and a statistical phase determination method has been developed. It allows us to determine the phase function of the scene by minimizing the correlation between the imaginary and the real parts of the complex spectrum and by reducing the variance of the imaginary part. Thus phase accuracies of 10 to 30 mrad can be achieved. In addition, the remaining error of the phase can be calculated for each individual spectrum. The total phase error and its effect on the spectra are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kleinert
- Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Smith CA, Pope FD, Cronin B, Parkes CB, Orr-Ewing AJ. Absorption Cross Sections of Formaldehyde at Wavelengths from 300 to 340 nm at 294 and 245 K. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11645-53. [PMID: 17034158 DOI: 10.1021/jp063713y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Absorption cross sections for the A1A2-X1A1 electronic transition of formaldehyde have been measured by ultraviolet (UV) laser absorption spectroscopy in the tropospherically significant wavelength range 300-340 nm, over which HCHO is photochemically active. Absorption cross sections are reported at two temperatures, 294 and 245 K and at a spectral resolution of 0.0035 nm (0.35 cm-1). At this resolution, greater peak absorption cross sections are obtained for many of the sharp spectral features than were previously reported. To simulate atmospheric conditions in the troposphere, the effects of adding a pressure of nitrogen of up to 500 Torr and of reduced sample temperature were investigated. The overall magnitudes of peak absorption cross sections are largely unaffected by the added pressure of nitrogen, but a modest degree of pressure broadening (0.2-0.3 cm-1 atm-1) is evident in the line shapes. Computer simulations of spectra have been optimized by comparison with wavelength-dependent formaldehyde absorption cross sections for each major vibronic band in the chosen wavelength range. Experimental and computer simulated spectra at 294 and 245 K are compared to test the reliability of the computer simulations for quantification of the effects of temperature on absorption cross sections. All experimental absorption cross section data and tables of input parameters for spectral simulations are available as Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Kleinert A. Correction of detector nonlinearity for the balloonborne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding. APPLIED OPTICS 2006; 45:425-31. [PMID: 16463724 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The detectors used in the cryogenic limb-emission sounder MIPAS-B2 (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) show a nonlinear response, which leads to radiometric errors in the calibrated spectra if the nonlinearity is not taken into account. In the case of emission measurements, the dominant error that arises from the nonlinearity is the changing detector responsivity as the incident photon load changes. The effect of the distortion of a single interferogram can be neglected. A method to characterize the variable responsivity and to correct for this effect is proposed. Furthermore, a detailed error estimation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kleinert
- Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Wetzel G, Oelhaf H, Friedl-Vallon F, Kleinert A, Lengel A, Maucher G, Nordmeyer H, Ruhnke R, Nakajima H, Sasano Y, Sugita T, Yokota T. Intercomparison and validation of ILAS-II version 1.4 target parameters with MIPAS-B measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Irie H, Sugita T, Nakajima H, Yokota T, Oelhaf H, Wetzel G, Toon GC, Sen B, Santee ML, Terao Y, Saitoh N, Ejiri MK, Tanaka T, Kondo Y, Kanzawa H, Kobayashi H, Sasano Y. Validation of stratospheric nitric acid profiles observed by Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)–II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huret N, Pirre M, Hauchecorne A, Robert C, Catoire V. On the vertical structure of the stratosphere at midlatitudes during the first stage of the polar vortex formation and in the polar region in the presence of a large mesospheric descent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mengistu Tsidu G. NOyfrom Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding on Environmental Satellite during the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex split in September/October 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Friedl-Vallon F, Maucher G, Seefeldner M, Trieschmann O, Kleinert A, Lengel A, Keim C, Oelhaf H, Fischer H. Design and characterization of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B2). APPLIED OPTICS 2004; 43:3335-3355. [PMID: 15181817 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.003335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MIPAS-B2 is a balloon-borne limb-emission sounder for atmospheric research. The heart of the instrument is a Fourier spectrometer that covers the mid-infrared spectral range (4-14 microns) and operates at cryogenic temperatures. Essential for this application is the sophisticated line-of-sight stabilization system, which is based on an inertial navigation system and is supplemented with an additional star reference system. The major scientific benefit of the instrument is the simultaneous detection of complete trace gas families in the stratosphere without restrictions concerning the time of day and viewing directions. The specifications, the design considerations, the actual realization of the instrument, and the results of characterization measurements that have been performed are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Friedl-Vallon
- Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Kanzawa H. Validation and data characteristics of nitrous oxide and methane profiles observed by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) and processed with the Version 5.20 algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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