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Perdigones BC, Lee S, Cohen RC, Park JH, Min KE. Two Decades of Changes in Summertime Ozone Production in California's South Coast Air Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10586-10595. [PMID: 35855520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) continues to be a threat to human health and agricultural productivity. While O3 control is challenging, tracking underlying formation mechanisms provides insights for regulatory directions. Here, we describe a comprehensive analysis of the effects of changing emissions on O3 formation mechanisms with observational evidence. We present a new approach that provides a quantitative metric for the ozone production rate (OPR) and its sensitivity to precursor levels by interpreting two decades of in situ observations of the six criteria air pollutants(2001-2018). Applying to the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB), California, we show that by 2016-2018, the basin was at the transition region between nitrogen oxide (NOx)-limited and volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited chemical regimes. Assuming future weather conditions are similar to 2016-2018, we predict that NOx-focused reduction is required to reduce the number of summer days the SoCAB is in violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (70 ppbv) for O3. Roughly, ∼40% (∼60%) NOx reductions are required to reduce the OPR by ∼1.8 ppb/h (∼3.3 ppb/h). This change would reduce the number of violation days from 28 to 20% (10%) in a year, mostly in summertime. Concurrent VOC reductions which reduce the production rate of HOx radicals would also be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begie C Perdigones
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeong-Hoo Park
- Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Meng F, Qin M, Fang W, Duan J, Tang K, Zhang H, Shao D, Liao Z, Feng Y, Huang Y, Ni T, Xie P, Liu J, Liu W. Measurement of HONO flux using the aerodynamic gradient method over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:297-307. [PMID: 35459493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate nitrous acid (HONO) levels and potential HONO sources above crop rotation fields. The HONO fluxes were measured by the aerodynamic gradient (AG) method from 14 December 2019 to 2 January 2020 over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin. The ambient HONO levels were measured at two different heights (0.15 and 1.5 m), showing a typical diurnal cycle with low daytime levels and high nighttime levels. The upward HONO fluxes were mostly observed during the day, whereas deposition dominated at night. The diurnal variation of HONO flux followed solar radiation, with a noontime maximum of 0.2 nmol/(m2∙sec). The average upward HONO flux of 0.06 ± 0.17 nmol/(m2∙sec) indicated that the agricultural field was a net source for atmospheric HONO. The higher HONO/NO2 ratio and NO2-to-HONO conversion rate close to the surface suggested that nocturnal HONO was formed and released near the ground. The unknown HONO source was derived from the daytime HONO budget analysis, with an average strength of 0.31 ppbV/hr at noontime. The surface HONO flux, which was highly correlated with the photolysis frequency J(NO2) (R2 = 0.925) and the product of J(NO2) × NO2 (R2 = 0.840), accounted for ∼23% of unknown daytime HONO source. The significant correlation between HONO fluxes and J(NO2) suggests a light-driven HONO formation mechanism responsible for the surface HONO flux during daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Wu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Helu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dou Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhitang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China; Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Huaihe River Basin Typical Farm Eco-meteorological Experiment Field of China Meteorological Administration, Shouxian 232200, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China; Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Huaihe River Basin Typical Farm Eco-meteorological Experiment Field of China Meteorological Administration, Shouxian 232200, China
| | - Ting Ni
- Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, China; Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Huaihe River Basin Typical Farm Eco-meteorological Experiment Field of China Meteorological Administration, Shouxian 232200, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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3
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Liu Y, Ni S, Jiang T, Xing S, Zhang Y, Bao X, Feng Z, Fan X, Zhang L, Feng H. Influence of Chinese New Year overlapping COVID-19 lockdown on HONO sources in Shijiazhuang. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141025. [PMID: 32738691 PMCID: PMC7371585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the atmosphere. It is also toxic to human health. In this work, HONO concentrations were measured in Shijiazhuang using a Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) from December 15, 2019 to March 15, 2020, which covered the heavy air pollution season, the Chinese New Year (CNY) vocation and the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) lockdown period. During & after CNY overlapping COVID-19 lockdown, the air quality was significantly improved because of both the emission reduction and the increase in diffusion ability of air masses. The mean HONO concentration was 2.43 ± 1.08 ppbv before CNY, while it decreased to 1.53 ± 1.16 ppbv during CNY and 0.97 ± 0.76 ppbv after CNY. The lockdown during & after CNY reduced ~31% of ambient HONO along with ~62% of NO and ~36% of NO2 compared with those before CNY after the improvement of diffusion ability had been taken into consideration. Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on ground surface dominated the nocturnal HONO sources, followed by heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surface, vehicle emission, reaction between NO and OH and emission from soil on pollution days throughout the observation. Except for elevated soil emission, other nighttime HONO sources and sinks decreased significantly during & after CNY. The relative importance of heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on surfaces further increased because of both the decrease in vehicle emission and the increase in the heterogeneous conversion kinetics from NO2 to HONO during & after CNY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shuangying Ni
- Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hebei Provincial Meteorological Technical Equipment Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shubin Xing
- Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolei Bao
- Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China.
| | - Zeming Feng
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hebei Province Environmental Emergency and Heavy Pollution Weather Forewarning Center, 050037, China
| | - Haibo Feng
- Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China
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Laughner JL, Cohen RC. Direct observation of changing NO x lifetime in North American cities. Science 2020; 366:723-727. [PMID: 31699933 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NO x lifetime relates nonlinearly to its own concentration; therefore, by observing how NO x lifetime changes with changes in its concentration, inferences can be made about the dominant chemistry occurring in an urban plume. We used satellite observations of NO2 from a new high-resolution product to show that NO x lifetime in approximately 30 North American cities has changed between 2005 and 2014 in a manner consistent with our understanding of NO x chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Laughner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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5
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Cui L, Li R, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Fu H, Chen J. An observational study of nitrous acid (HONO) in Shanghai, China: The aerosol impact on HONO formation during the haze episodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1057-1070. [PMID: 29554727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous HONO measurement was conducted to study the formation features of HONO during the haze episodes at Shanghai, China. The HONO concentration ranged from 0.26 to 5.84ppb and averaged at 2.31ppb during the measurement period. The HONO concentration during the haze episode (P1), the haze-fog episode (P2) and the clean period (P3) were 2.80, 2.35 and 1.78ppb, respectively. Heterogeneous conversion of NO2 was the dominate pathway for nocturnal HONO formation, and the heterogeneous conversion efficiency of NO2 to HONO was closely associated with the PM2.5 concentration. The averaged heterogeneous conversion rate of NO2-to-HONO (CHONO) during the pollution periods (P1+P2) was 1.58×10-2h-1, higher than that during the clean period (P3) (0.93×10-2h-1), suggesting the higher conversion potential of NO2 to HONO during the pollution episodes. The daytime unknown HONO production rate (Punknown) in the pollution period was 2.98ppb/h, higher than 1.78ppb/h in the clean period. Further, aerosol played a role in Punknown during the transformation of the clean period to the pollution period. At a single particle scale, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that most of the particles during P1 and P2 were agglomerated, whereas the particles collected from P3 were uniformly distributed and showed simple morphologies. The number percentage of the S/N-bearing particles during P1 (34%) and P2 (27%) were higher than that during P3 (20%). In addition, particles contained more internally mixed nitrates during P1 and P2 than those during P3, suggesting more intense heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO on particle surfaces during the pollution episodes. In the present study, the averaged HONO/NOx ratio (5.60%), especially during P1 (7.80%) and P2 (7.50%) was much higher than that assumed global averaged value of 2.0%, suggesting a potentially important role for the HONO chemistry in Shanghai. This study provides new insights into the HONO formation mechanism in the atmosphere characterized by high fine particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunchen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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6
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Spataro F, Ianniello A. Sources of atmospheric nitrous acid: state of the science, current research needs, and future prospects. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2014; 64:1232-50. [PMID: 25509545 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.952846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a key role in tropospheric photochemistry, primarily due to its role as a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals via its rapid photolysis. OH radicals are involved in photooxidation processes, such as the formation of tropospheric 03 and other secondary atmospheric pollutants (peroxyacetyl nitrate/PAN] and secondary particles). Recent field and modeling studies have postulated the occurrence of a strong and unknown daytime HONO source, but there are still many significant uncertainties concerning the identification and formation mechanisms of these unknown sources. Up to now, five HONO formation pathways are known: direct emission, homogeneous gas-phase reactions, heterogeneous reactions, surface photolysis; and biological processes. In this review paper the HONO sources proposed to explain the observed HONO budget, especially during daytime, are discussed, highlighting the knowledge gaps that need further investigation. In this framework it is crucial to have available accurate and reliable measurements of atmospheric HONO concentrations; thus, a short description ofHONO measurement techniques currently available is also reported. The techniquesare divided into three basic categories: spectroscopic techniques, wet chemical techniques, and off-line methods.
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7
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Moore RH, Cerully K, Bahreini R, Brock CA, Middlebrook AM, Nenes A. Hygroscopicity and composition of California CCN during summer 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Schade GW, Khan S, Park C, Boedeker I. Rural southeast Texas air quality measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1070-1081. [PMID: 22070040 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.608621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted air quality measurements of the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone together with meteorological measurements at a park site southeast of College Station, TX, during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS). Ozone, a primary focus of the measurements, was above 80 ppb during 3 days and above 75 ppb during additional 8 days in summer 2006, suggestive of possible violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. In concordance with other air quality measurements during the TexAQS II, elevated ozone mixing ratios coincided with northerly flows during days after cold front passages. Ozone background during these days was as high as 80 ppb, whereas southerly air flows generally provided for an ozone background lower than 40 ppb. Back trajectory analysis shows that local ozone mixing ratios can also be strongly affected by the Houston urban pollution plume, leading to late afternoon ozone increases of as high as 50 ppb above background under favorable transport conditions. The trajectory analysis also shows that ozone background increases steadily the longer a southern air mass resides over Texas after entering from the Gulf of Mexico. In light of these and other TexAQS findings, it appears that ozone air quality is affected throughout east Texas by both long-range and regional ozone transport, and that improvements therefore will require at least a regionally oriented instead of the current locally oriented ozone precursor reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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9
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global chemical transport model study of ozone response to changes in chemical kinetics and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to increasing temperatures: Sensitivities to isoprene nitrate chemistry and grid resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Sprengnether MM, Demerjian KL, Dransfield TJ, Clarke JS, Anderson JG, Donahue NM. Rate Constants of Nine C6−C9 Alkanes with OH from 230 to 379 K: Chemical Tracers for [OH]. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5030-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810412m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J. Dransfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts, 02125
| | | | | | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Doherty Hall B204, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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11
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Riley WJ, Hsueh DY, Randerson JT, Fischer ML, Hatch JG, Pataki DE, Wang W, Goulden ML. Where do fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions from California go? An analysis based on radiocarbon observations and an atmospheric transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Riley
- Earth Sciences Division; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. Y. Hsueh
- Earth System Science Department; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - J. T. Randerson
- Earth System Science Department; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - M. L. Fischer
- Energy and Environment Division; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California USA
| | | | - D. E. Pataki
- Earth System Science Department; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - M. L. Goulden
- Earth System Science Department; University of California; Irvine California USA
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Arnold SR, Methven J, Evans MJ, Chipperfield MP, Lewis AC, Hopkins JR, McQuaid JB, Watson N, Purvis RM, Lee JD, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Rappenglück B. Statistical inference of OH concentrations and air mass dilution rates from successive observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons in single air masses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - M. J. Evans
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. P. Chipperfield
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - N. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. M. Purvis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - B. Rappenglück
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany
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13
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Rubin JI, Kean AJ, Harley RA, Millet DB, Goldstein AH. Temperature dependence of volatile organic compound evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Price HU, Jaffe DA, Cooper OR, Doskey PV. Photochemistry, ozone production, and dilution during long-range transport episodes from Eurasia to the northwest United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather U. Price
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Daniel A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Owen R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul V. Doskey
- Environmental Research Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
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15
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Mao H. Role of meteorological processes in two New England ozone episodes during summer 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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17
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Spaulding RS. Characterization of secondary atmospheric photooxidation products: Evidence for biogenic and anthropogenic sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Schade GW, Dreyfus GB, Goldstein AH. Atmospheric methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) at a rural mountain site in California. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2002; 31:1088-1094. [PMID: 12175025 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2002.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was measured in air samples collected at hourly intervals near Blodgett Forest Research Station on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, in July 1997, October 1998, and June through September 1999. Mixing ratios ranged from below the detection limit (< approximately 0.01 ppbv) to 0.5 ppbv, but were generally less than 0.3 ppbv. At these mixing ratios partitioning of MTBE into surface waters would lead to MTBE concentrations of less than 0.2 microg L(-1). As expected, MTBE mixing ratios were highly correlated with other anthropogenically emitted hydrocarbons. Based on the observed diurnal cycle of MTBE and its ratio to 2-methyl-butane (isopentane), we estimated the average regional daytime oxidant concentration to be (9 to 13) x 10(6) OH radicals per cubic centimeter, consistent with our earlier estimates for this region. Furthermore, MTBE ratios to toluene, another ubiquitous anthropogenic hydrocarbon, were generally consistent with regional transport and dilution, as well as atmospheric oxidation. Exceptions, pertaining to MTBE mixing ratios below or close to the detection limit, were associated with the influence of marine air masses that did not experience anthropogenic hydrocarbon input from California. With all these constraints in place, evidence for an additional atmospheric loss process, such as nonreversible deposition of MTBE, could not be established, and we conclude that any deposition is slow compared with removal from the atmosphere by the OH radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- University of California at Berkeley, Dep of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley 94720-3110, USA.
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