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Almanza V, Ruiz-Suárez LG, Torres-Jardón R, García-Reynoso A, Hernández-Paniagua IY. Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:99-115. [PMID: 38644027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution. In Mexico, the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced. Here, we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico. The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3, and the first month of the New Normal. We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis. The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions, impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NOx-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes. This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations. Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale, our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes. A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Almanza
- Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez
- Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Agustín García-Reynoso
- Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Y Hernández-Paniagua
- Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yong J, Xie Y, Guo H, Li Y, Sun S. Unraveling the influence of biogenic volatile organic compounds and their constituents on ozone and SOA formation within the Yellow River Basin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141549. [PMID: 38408570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) assume a pivotal role during the formation stages of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), serving as their primary precursors. We used the latest MEGAN3.1 model, updated vegetation data and emission factors, combined with MODIS data analysis to simulate and estimate the integrated emissions of BVOC from nine provinces in China's Yellow River Basin in 2018. Following an extensive evaluation of the WRF-CMAQ model utilizing diverse parameters, the simulated and observed values had correlation coefficients between them that ranged from 0.94 to 0.99, implying a favorable outcome in terms of simulation efficacy. The findings from the simulation analysis reveal that the combined BVOC emissions from the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin reached a total of 6.51 Tg in 2018. Among these provinces, Sichuan, Henan, and Shaanxi ranked highest, with emissions of 1.28 Tg, 1.04 Tg, and 0.96 Tg, respectively. BVOC emissions led to concentrations of 36.72 μg/m³ in the daily maximum 8-h ozone and 0.59 μg/m³ in the average SOA in nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin in July. Isoprene contributed the most to the O3 production with 6.31 μg/m3, and monoterpenes contributed the most to SOA production with 0.45 μg/m3. ΔSOA and ΔOzone are mainly distributed in the belts of central Sichuan Province, southern Shaanxi Province, western Henan Province, northern Qinghai Province, central Inner Mongolia, and southern Shanxi Province, and most of these areas are located 50 km around the Yellow River. O3 and SOA in Taiyuan, Xi'an, Chengdu, and Zhengzhou cities are strongly influenced by the generation of BVOCs. This study provides a reliable scientific basis for the prevention and control of air pollution in the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yuanli Xie
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Huilin Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yunmei Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shaoqi Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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Gao Y, Yan F, Ma M, Ding A, Liao H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhao B, Cai W, Su H, Yao X, Gao H. Unveiling the dipole synergic effect of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on ozone concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151722. [PMID: 34813804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic emissions are widely known as important precursors of ozone, yet there is potentially a strong interaction and synergy between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), in modulating ozone formation. To a large extent, the synergy affects the effectiveness of anthropogenic emission control, thereby reshaping the O3-NOx-VOC empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) diagram. Focusing on the ozone pollution period of June 2017 in the North China Plain, we design almost 500 numerical experiments using regional air quality model Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) that revealed an interesting synergic effect, defined as the contribution of biogenic emissions to ozone concentrations concomitant with a reduction in anthropogenic emissions. A quasi-EKMA diagram is constructed to delineate the contribution of biogenic emissions to ozone concentrations, indicative of a linearly amplified or nonlinearly weakened result associated with reductions in anthropogenic VOCs or NOx emissions, respectively, illustrating the dipole characteristics of the synergic effect. The reduced ozone contribution from biogenic emissions along with NOx emission reduction can be used to represent controllable biogenically induced ozone (BIO). Both the amplified and controllable BIO are tightly linked to both local emissions and regional transport, implicative of an essential role in joint regional emission control. In regard to ozone exceedance, the role of biogenic emissions may be even more important, in that its contribution is comparable to or even larger than that of anthropogenic emissions when associated with a reduction in anthropogenic emissions, which is clearly demonstrated based on the near carbon neutrality scenario shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 126. Meanwhile, the biogenic emissions may steer the modulation of anthropogenic emissions in the change rate of MDA8 ozone concentration. Therefore, the synergic effect of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions elucidated in this study should be carefully considered in future ozone pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Feifan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenju Cai
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz D-55128, Germany; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
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Hogrefe C, Roselle SJ, Bash JO. Persistence of initial conditions in continental scale air quality simulations. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2017; 160:36-45. [PMID: 31396010 PMCID: PMC6687301 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of initial conditions (IC) for pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere and soil on simulated air quality for two continental-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model applications. One of these applications was performed for springtime and the second for summertime. Results show that a spin-up period of ten days commonly used in regional-scale applications may not be sufficient to reduce the effects of initial conditions to less than 1% of seasonally-averaged surface ozone concentrations everywhere while 20 days were found to be sufficient for the entire domain for the spring case and almost the entire domain for the summer case. For the summer case, differences were found to persist longer aloft due to circulation of air masses and even a spin-up period of 30 days was not sufficient to reduce the effects of ICs to less than 1% of seasonally-averaged layer 34 ozone concentrations over the southwestern portion of the modeling domain. Analysis of the effect of soil initial conditions for the CMAQ bidirectional NH3 exchange model shows that during springtime they can have an important effect on simulated inorganic aerosols concentrations for time periods of one month or longer. The effects are less pronounced during other seasons. The results, while specific to the modeling domain and time periods simulated here, suggest that modeling protocols need to be scrutinized for a given application and that it cannot be assumed that commonly-used spin-up periods are necessarily sufficient to reduce the effects of initial conditions on model results to an acceptable level. What constitutes an acceptable level of difference cannot be generalized and will depend on the particular application, time period and species of interest. Moreover, as the application of air quality models is being expanded to cover larger geographical domains and as these models are increasingly being coupled with other modeling systems to better represent air-surface-water exchanges, the effects of model initialization in such applications needs to be studied in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hogrefe
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Shawn J Roselle
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Jesse O Bash
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Dunn-Johnston KA, Kreuzwieser J, Hirabayashi S, Plant L, Rennenberg H, Schmidt S. Isoprene Emission Factors for Subtropical Street Trees for Regional Air Quality Modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:234-243. [PMID: 26828179 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the environmental benefits and consequences of urban trees supports their sustainable management in cities. Models such as i-Tree Eco enable decision-making by quantifying effects associated with particular tree species. Of specific concern are emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, particularly isoprene, that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and ground level ozone. Few studies have quantified these potential disservices of urban trees, and current models predominantly use emissions data from trees that differ from those in our target region of subtropical Australia. The present study aimed (i) to quantify isoprene emission rates of three tree species that together represent 16% of the inventoried street trees in the target region; (ii) to evaluate outputs of the i-Tree Eco model using species-specific versus currently used, generic isoprene emission rates; and (iii) to evaluate the findings in the context of regional air quality. Isoprene emission rates of (Myrtaceae) and (Proteaceae) were 2.61 and 2.06 µg g dry leaf weight h, respectively, whereas (Sapindaceae) was a nonisoprene emitter. We substituted the generic isoprene emission rates with these three empirical values in i-Tree Eco, resulting in a 182 kg yr (97%) reduction in isoprene emissions, totaling 6284 kg yr when extrapolated to the target region. From these results we conclude that care has to be taken when using generic isoprene emission factors for urban tree models. We recommend that emissions be quantified for commonly planted trees, allowing decision-makers to select tree species with the greatest overall benefit for the urban environment.
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The Role of Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Regional Air Quality—A NU-WRF Study over the United States. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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End-to-End Simulation for a Forest-Dedicated Full-Waveform Lidar Onboard a Satellite Initialized from Airborne Ultraviolet Lidar Experiments. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70505222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Qu Y, An J, Li J. Synergistic impacts of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on summer surface O3 in East Asia. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:520-530. [PMID: 23923425 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A factor separation technique and an improved regional air quality model (RAQM) were applied to calculate synergistic contributions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs), biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to daily maximum surface 03 (O3DM) concentrations in East Asia in summer (June to August 2000). The summer averaged synergistic impacts of AVOCs and NOx are dominant in most areas of North China, with a maximum of 60 ppbv, while those of BVOCs and NOx are notable only in some limited areas with high BVOC emissions in South China, with a maximum of 25 ppbv. This result implies that BVOCs contribute much less to summer averaged O3DM concentrations than AVOCs in most areas of East Asia at a coarse spatial resolution (1 degree x 1 degree) although global emissions of BVOCs are much greater than those of AVOCs. Daily maximum total contributions of BVOCs can approach 20 ppbv in North China, but they can reach 40 ppbv in South China, approaching or exceeding those in some developed countries in Europe and North America. BVOC emissions in such special areas should be considered when 03 control measures are taken. Synergistic contributions among AVOCs, BVOCs and NOx significantly enhance O3 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and decrease them in some areas in South China. Thus, the total contributions of BVOCs to O3DM vary significantly from day to day and from location to location. This result suggests that 03 control measures obtained from episodic studies could be limited for long-term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Marais EA, Jacob DJ, Kurosu TP, Chance K, Murphy JG, Reeves C, Mills G, Casadio S, Millet DB, Barkley MP, Paulot F, Mao J. Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI observations of formaldehyde columns. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2012; 12:6219-6235. [PMID: 33688332 PMCID: PMC7939075 DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-6219-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We use 2005-2009 satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns from the OMI instrument to infer biogenic isoprene emissions at monthly 1 × 1° resolution over the African continent. Our work includes new approaches to remove biomass burning influences using OMI absorbing aerosol optical depth data (to account for transport of fire plumes) and anthropogenic influences using AATSR satellite data for persistent small-flame fires (gas flaring). The resulting biogenic HCHO columns (ΩHCHO) from OMI follow closely the distribution of vegetation patterns in Africa. We infer isoprene emission (E ISOP) from the local sensitivity S = ΔΩHCHO / ΔE ISOP derived with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model using two alternate isoprene oxidation mechanisms, and verify the validity of this approach using AMMA aircraft observations over West Africa and a longitudinal transect across central Africa. Displacement error (smearing) is diagnosed by anomalously high values of S and the corresponding data are removed. We find significant sensitivity of S to NOx under low-NOx conditions that we fit to a linear function of tropospheric column NO2. We estimate a 40% error in our inferred isoprene emissions under high-NOx conditions and 40-90% under low-NOx conditions. Our results suggest that isoprene emission from the central African rainforest is much lower than estimated by the state-of-the-science MEGAN inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Marais
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T. P. Kurosu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K. Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. G. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - G. Mills
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S. Casadio
- Instrument Data quality Evaluation and Analysis (IDEAS), Serco Spa Via Sciadonna 24, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - M. P. Barkley
- Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - F. Paulot
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Mao
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Hogrefe C, Isukapalli SS, Tang X, Georgopoulos PG, He S, Zalewsky EE, Hao W, Ku JY, Key T, Sistla G. Impact of biogenic emission uncertainties on the simulated response of ozone and fine particulate matter to anthropogenic emission reductions. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:92-108. [PMID: 21305893 PMCID: PMC3079461 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitric oxide from biogenic sources is becoming increasingly important in regulatory air quality modeling as levels of anthropogenic emissions continue to decrease and stricter health-based air quality standards are being adopted. However, considerable uncertainties still exist in the current estimation methodologies for biogenic emissions. The impact of these uncertainties on ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels for the eastern United States was studied, focusing on biogenic emissions estimates from two commonly used biogenic emission models, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS). Photochemical grid modeling simulations were performed for two scenarios: one reflecting present day conditions and the other reflecting a hypothetical future year with reductions in emissions of anthropogenic oxides of nitrogen (NOx). For ozone, the use of MEGAN emissions resulted in a higher ozone response to hypothetical anthropogenic NOx emission reductions compared with BEIS. Applying the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance on regulatory air quality modeling in conjunction with typical maximum ozone concentrations, the differences in estimated future year ozone design values (DVF) stemming from differences in biogenic emissions estimates were on the order of 4 parts per billion (ppb), corresponding to approximately 5% of the daily maximum 8-hr ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 75 ppb. For PM2.5, the differences were 0.1-0.25 microg/m3 in the summer total organic mass component of DVFs, corresponding to approximately 1-2% of the value of the annual PM2.5 NAAQS of 15 microg/m3. Spatial variations in the ozone and PM2.5 differences also reveal that the impacts of different biogenic emission estimates on ozone and PM2.5 levels are dependent on ambient levels of anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hogrefe
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY; and Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12233-3259, USA.
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Carnevale C, Pisoni E, Volta M. A non-linear analysis to detect the origin of PM10 concentrations in Northern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 409:182-191. [PMID: 20961597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the formalization and the application of the factor separation technique in order to investigate the impact of precursor emission and their nonlinear interaction (in particulate matter accumulation processes). By processing the simulations of a 3D multiphase modeling system, the factor separation methodology can support the Environmental Authority in quantifying the impact of precursor emissions on PM10 production and consequently in assessing the feasible efficiency of different emission control strategies over a considered domain. The case study proposed by this paper focuses on the Po Valley region (Northern Italy), characterized by critical PM10 levels claiming for sound emission reduction policies. The results show the heavy nonlinearities and the strong seasonal dependence in the formation of PM10, over the study domain. Furthermore the results highlight that peak PM10 concentrations are mainly related to primary PM emissions in urban areas, and gas emissions (mainly NOx and NH3) in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Carnevale
- Department of Electronics for Automation, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global chemical transport model study of ozone response to changes in chemical kinetics and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to increasing temperatures: Sensitivities to isoprene nitrate chemistry and grid resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Castell N, Stein AF, Salvador R, Mantilla E, Millán M. The impact of biogenic VOC emissions on photochemical ozone formation during a high ozone pollution episode in the Iberian Peninsula in the 2003 summer season. ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-2-9-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Throughout Europe the summer of 2003 was exceptionally warm, especially July and August. The European Environment Agency (EEA) reported several ozone episodes, mainly in the first half of August. These episodes were exceptionally long-lasting, spatially extensive, and associated to high temperatures. In this paper, the 10$ndash;15 August 2003 ozone pollution event has been analyzed using meteorological and regional air quality modelling. During this period the threshold values of the European Directive 2002/3/EC were exceeded in various areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this paper is to computationally understand and quantify the influence of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in the formation of tropospheric ozone during this high ozone episode. Being able to differentiate how much ozone comes from biogenic emissions alone and how much comes from the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions would be helpful to develop a feasible and effective ozone control strategy. The impact on ozone formation was also studied in combination with various anthropogenic emission reduction strategies, i.e., when anthropogenic VOC emissions and/or NOx emissions are reduced. The results show a great dependency of the BVOC contribution to ozone formation on the antropoghenic reduction scenario. In rural areas, the impact due to a NOx and/or VOC reduction does not change the BVOC impact. Nevertheless, within big cities or industrial zones, a NOx reduction results in a decrease of the biogenic impact in ozone levels that can reach 85 μg/m3, whereas an Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound (AVOC) reduction results in a decrease of the BVOC contribution on ozone formation that varies from 0 to 30 μg/m3 with respect to the contribution at the same points in the 2003 base scenario. On the other hand, downwind of the big cities, a decrease in NOx produces a minor contribution of biogenic emissions and a decrease in AVOCs results in greater contributions of BVOCs to the formation of ozone.
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Orlando JJ, Walters S, Guenther A, Palmer PI, Lawrence PJ. Contribution of isoprene to chemical budgets: A model tracer study with the NCAR CTM MOZART-4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. K. Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. G. Hess
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. J. Orlando
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Guenther
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. I. Palmer
- School of GeoSciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - P. J. Lawrence
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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Navazo M, Durana N, Alonso L, Gómez MC, García JA, Ilardia JL, Gangoiti G, Iza J. High temporal resolution measurements of ozone precursors in a rural background station. A two-year study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 136:53-68. [PMID: 17492486 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a very complete database of individual non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) measurements with high temporal resolution (hourly) in a rural background atmosphere. We show their use to characterize the biogenic NMHC as well as to identify the transport and impact of anthropogenic NMHC on rural areas. In January 2003 an automatic GC-FID analyzer of volatile organic compounds between 2 and 10 carbon atoms (C2-C10 VOCs) was placed in the centre of the Valderejo Natural Park in northern Iberia (42.87 degrees N, 3.22 degrees W), far away from important cities. The system operated continuously until December 2004. Data coverage was higher than 70% for a total of 59 VOC of both anthropogenic and biogenic origin, with detection limits in the range of pptv. Our results allow for the description of the behaviour of these compounds, in order to identify external impacts arriving to the sampling site which has been recognized to be highly representative of a rural background atmosphere. Biogenic VOC concentrations have been compared also with the calculated emissions, using Guenther's algorithm, and the discrepancies interpreted in terms of the different reactivity of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Navazo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, UPV-EHU, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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17
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Li G, Zhang R, Fan J, Tie X. Impacts of biogenic emissions on photochemical ozone production in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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18
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Tao Z, Jain AK. Modeling of global biogenic emissions for key indirect greenhouse gases and their response to atmospheric CO2increases and changes in land cover and climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Hogrefe C, Lynn B, Civerolo K, Ku JY, Rosenthal J, Rosenzweig C, Goldberg R, Gaffin S, Knowlton K, Kinney PL. Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hogrefe
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York at Albany; Albany New York USA
| | - B. Lynn
- Center for Climate Systems Research; Columbia Earth Institute of Columbia University, Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - K. Civerolo
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research; Albany New York USA
| | - J.-Y. Ku
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research; Albany New York USA
| | - J. Rosenthal
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - C. Rosenzweig
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - R. Goldberg
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - S. Gaffin
- Center for Climate Systems Research; Columbia Earth Institute of Columbia University, Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - K. Knowlton
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - P. L. Kinney
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
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20
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Parra R, Gassó S, Baldasano JM. Estimating the biogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from the North Western Mediterranean vegetation of Catalonia, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2004; 329:241-259. [PMID: 15262170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An estimation of the magnitude of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted by vegetation in Catalonia (NE of the Iberian Peninsula, Spain), in addition to their superficial and temporal distribution, is presented for policy and scientific (photochemical modelling) purposes. It was developed for the year 2000, for different time resolutions (hourly, daily, monthly and annual) and using a high-resolution land-use map (1-km2 squared cells). Several meteorological surface stations provided air temperature and solar radiation data. An adjusted mathematical emission model taking account of Catalonia's conditions was built into a geographic information system (GIS) software. This estimation uses the latest information, mainly relating to: (1) emission factors; (2) better knowledge of the composition of Catalonia's forest cover; and (3) better knowledge of the particular emission behaviour of some Mediterranean vegetal species. Results depict an annual cycle with increasing values in the March-April period with the highest emissions in July-August, followed by a decrease in October-November. Annual biogenic NMVOCs emissions reach 46.9 kt, with monoterpenes the most abundant species (24.7 kt), followed by other biogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g. alcohols, aldehydes and acetone) (16.3 kt), and isoprene (5.9 kt). These compounds signify 52%, 35% and 13%, respectively, of total emission estimates. Peak hourly total emission for a winter day could be less than 10% of the corresponding value for a summer day.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parra
- Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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