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Ghadimi S, Zhu H, Durbin TD, Cocker DR, Karavalakis G. The impact of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153583. [PMID: 35114249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript contains an assessment of tailpipe emissions and secondary aerosol formation from two in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) with different aftertreatment systems when operated with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) operated on a chassis dynamometer. Secondary aerosol formation was characterized from the HDDVs' diluted exhaust collected and photochemically aged in a 30 m3 mobile atmospheric chamber. Primary nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were reduced for both vehicles operating on HVO compared to ULSD. For the vehicles with no selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, secondary aerosol production was ~2 times higher for ULSD compared to HVO. The composition of primary aerosol was exclusively organic for the vehicle with no SCR system regardless of fuel type. The composition of secondary aerosol with HVO was primarily organic for the vehicle equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF)/SCR system; however, when the same vehicle was tested with ULSD, the composition was ~20% organic (80% ammonium nitrate). The results reported here revealed that the in-use vehicle with no-SCR had a non-functioning DPF leading to dramatic increases in secondary aerosol formation when compared to the DPF/SCR vehicle. The high-resolution mass spectra analysis showed that the POA of HVO combustion contained relatively lower portion of CH class compounds (or higher CHO class compounds) compared to ULSD under the similar conditions, which can be rationalized by the higher cetane number of HVO. Substantial growth of oxidized organic aerosol (such as m/z 44 peak) were observed after 5 h of photochemical oxidation, consistent with aged organic aerosols present in the atmosphere. The C4H9+ fragment at m/z 57 peak was used as a tracer to calculate evolution of secondary organic aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghadimi
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hanwei Zhu
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas D Durbin
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David R Cocker
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Georgios Karavalakis
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Burgos MA, Andrews E, Titos G, Alados-Arboledas L, Baltensperger U, Day D, Jefferson A, Kalivitis N, Mihalopoulos N, Sherman J, Sun J, Weingartner E, Zieger P. A global view on the effect of water uptake on aerosol particle light scattering. Sci Data 2019; 6:157. [PMID: 31439840 PMCID: PMC6706437 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A reference dataset of multi-wavelength particle light scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficients for different relative humidities (RH) between RH = 30 and 95% and wavelengths between λ = 450 nm and 700 nm is described in this work. Tandem-humidified nephelometer measurements from 26 ground-based sites around the globe, covering multiple aerosol types, have been re-analysed and harmonized into a single dataset. The dataset includes multi-annual measurements from long-term monitoring sites as well as short-term field campaign data. The result is a unique collection of RH-dependent aerosol light scattering properties, presented as a function of size cut. This dataset is important for climate and atmospheric model-measurement inter-comparisons, as a means to improve model performance, and may be useful for satellite and remote sensing evaluation using surface-based, in-situ measurements. Design Type(s) | spectral data collection and processing objective • data integration objective • time series design | Measurement Type(s) | light scattering | Technology Type(s) | Nephelometry | Factor Type(s) | geographic location • instrument • Environment • temporal_interval | Sample Characteristic(s) | United States of America • climate system • Canada • The Netherlands • Greece • Germany • Portuguese Republic • South Korea • China • United Kingdom • Finland • Switzerland • Maldives Archipelago • Brazil • Republic of Ireland • Niger • India • Kingdom of Spain • Kingdom of Norway |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Burgos
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Andrews
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Derek Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Anne Jefferson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.,Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nikos Kalivitis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - James Sherman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, USA
| | - Junying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ernest Weingartner
- Institute for Sensing and Electronics, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chen Y, Xu L, Humphry T, Hettiyadura APS, Ovadnevaite J, Huang S, Poulain L, Schroder JC, Campuzano-Jost P, Jimenez JL, Herrmann H, O'Dowd C, Stone EA, Ng NL. Response of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer to Inorganic Sulfates and Organosulfur Compounds: Applications in Field and Laboratory Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5176-5186. [PMID: 30939000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). While the Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) has been extensively used in aerosol studies, the response of the AMS to organosulfur compounds is not well-understood. Here, we investigated the fragmentation patterns of organosulfurs and inorganic sulfates in the AMS, developed a method to deconvolve total sulfate into components of inorganic and organic origins, and applied this method in both laboratory and field measurements. Apportionment results from laboratory isoprene photooxidation experiment showed that with inorganic sulfate seed, sulfate functionality of organic origins can contribute ∼7% of SOA mass at peak growth. Results from measurements in the Southeastern U.S. showed that 4% of measured sulfate is from organosulfur compounds. Methanesulfonic acid was estimated for measurements in the coastal and remote marine boundary layer. We explored the application of this method to unit mass-resolution data, where it performed less well due to interferences. Our apportionment results demonstrate that organosulfur compounds could be a non-negligible source of sulfate fragments in AMS laboratory and field data sets. A reevaluation of previous AMS measurements over the full range of atmospheric conditions using this method could provide a global estimate/constraint on the contribution of organosulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunle Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Now at Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Tim Humphry
- Department of Chemistry , Truman State University , Kirksville , Missouri 63501 , United States
| | | | - Jurgita Ovadnevaite
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute , National University of Ireland Galway , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - Shan Huang
- Now at Institute for Environmental and Climate Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511443 , China
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig , Sachsen 04318 , Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig , Sachsen 04318 , Germany
| | - Jason C Schroder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig , Sachsen 04318 , Germany
| | - Colin O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute , National University of Ireland Galway , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Nga Lee Ng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Shang D, Hu M, Guo Q, Zou Q, Zheng J, Guo S. Effects of continental anthropogenic sources on organic aerosols in the coastal atmosphere of East China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:350-361. [PMID: 28609736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although organic compounds in marine atmospheric aerosols have significant effects on climate and marine ecosystems, they have rarely been studied, especially in the coastal regions of East China. To assess the origins of the organic aerosols in the East China coastal atmosphere, PM2.5 samples were collected from the atmospheres of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and Changdao Island during the CAPTAIN (Campaign of Air PolluTion At INshore Areas of Eastern China) field campaign in the spring of 2011. The marine atmospheric aerosol samples that were collected were grouped based on the backward trajectories of their air masses. The organic carbon concentrations in the PM2.5 samples from the marine and Changdao Island atmospheres were 5.5 ± 3.1 μgC/m3 and 6.9 ± 2.4 μgC/m3, respectively, which is higher than in other coastal water atmospheres. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine atmospheric PM2.5 samples was 17.0 ± 20.2 ng/m3, indicating significant continental anthropogenic influences. The influences of fossil fuels and biomass burning on the composition of organic aerosols in the coastal atmosphere of East China were found to be highly dependent on the origins of the air masses. Diesel combustion had a strong impact on air masses from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and gasoline emissions had a more significant impact on the "North China" marine atmospheric samples. The "Northeast China" marine atmospheric samples were most impacted by biomass burning. Coal combustion contributed significantly to the compositions of all of the atmospheric samples. The proportions of secondary compounds increased as samples aged in the marine atmosphere indicating that photochemical oxidation occured during transport. Our results quantified ecosystem effects on marine atmospheric aerosols and highlighted the uncertainties that arise when modeling marine atmospheric PM2.5 without considering high spatial resolution source data and meteorological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Zou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Ovadnevaite J, Ceburnis D, Canagaratna M, Berresheim H, Bialek J, Martucci G, Worsnop DR, O'Dowd C. On the effect of wind speed on submicron sea salt mass concentrations and source fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Frossard AA, Shaw PM, Russell LM, Kroll JH, Canagaratna MR, Worsnop DR, Quinn PK, Bates TS. Springtime Arctic haze contributions of submicron organic particles from European and Asian combustion sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Schmale J, Schneider J, Jurkat T, Voigt C, Kalesse H, Rautenhaus M, Lichtenstern M, Schlager H, Ancellet G, Arnold F, Gerding M, Mattis I, Wendisch M, Borrmann S. Aerosol layers from the 2008 eruptions of Mount Okmok and Mount Kasatochi: In situ upper troposphere and lower stratosphere measurements of sulfate and organics over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Pratt KA, Twohy CH, Murphy SM, Moffet RC, Heymsfield AJ, Gaston CJ, DeMott PJ, Field PR, Henn TR, Rogers DC, Gilles MK, Seinfeld JH, Prather KA. Observation of playa salts as nuclei in orographic wave clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Hawkins LN, Russell LM, Covert DS, Quinn PK, Bates TS. Carboxylic acids, sulfates, and organosulfates in processed continental organic aerosol over the southeast Pacific Ocean during VOCALS-REx 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Farmer DK, Matsunaga A, Docherty KS, Surratt JD, Seinfeld JH, Ziemann PJ, Jimenez JL. Response of an aerosol mass spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6670-5. [PMID: 20194777 PMCID: PMC2872396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912340107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organonitrates (ON) are important products of gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere; some models predict, and laboratory studies show, the formation of large, multifunctional ON with vapor pressures low enough to partition to the particle phase. Organosulfates (OS) have also been recently detected in secondary organic aerosol. Despite their potential importance, ON and OS remain a nearly unexplored aspect of atmospheric chemistry because few studies have quantified particulate ON or OS in ambient air. We report the response of a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to aerosol ON and OS standards and mixtures. We quantify the potentially substantial underestimation of organic aerosol O/C, commonly used as a metric for aging, and N/C. Most of the ON-nitrogen appears as NO(x)+ ions in the AMS, which are typically dominated by inorganic nitrate. Minor organonitrogen ions are observed although their identity and intensity vary between standards. We evaluate the potential for using NO(x)+ fragment ratios, organonitrogen ions, HNO(3)+ ions, the ammonium balance of the nominally inorganic ions, and comparison to ion-chromatography instruments to constrain the concentrations of ON for ambient datasets, and apply these techniques to a field study in Riverside, CA. OS manifests as separate organic and sulfate components in the AMS with minimal organosulfur fragments and little difference in fragmentation from inorganic sulfate. The low thermal stability of ON and OS likely causes similar detection difficulties for other aerosol mass spectrometers using vaporization and/or ionization techniques with similar or larger energy, which has likely led to an underappreciation of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Farmer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - A. Matsunaga
- Air Pollution Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - K. S. Docherty
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - J. D. Surratt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | - J. H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - P. J. Ziemann
- Air Pollution Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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Takegawa N, Miyakawa T, Kuwata M, Kondo Y, Zhao Y, Han S, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Deng Z, Xiao R, Hu M, van Pinxteren D, Herrmann H, Hofzumahaus A, Holland F, Wahner A, Blake DR, Sugimoto N, Zhu T. Variability of submicron aerosol observed at a rural site in Beijing in the summer of 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hayden KL, Macdonald AM, Gong W, Toom-Sauntry D, Anlauf KG, Leithead A, Li SM, Leaitch WR, Noone K. Cloud processing of nitrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Hawkins LN, Russell LM, Twohy CH, Anderson JR. Uniform particle-droplet partitioning of 18 organic and elemental components measured in and below DYCOMS-II stratocumulus clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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de Gouw JA, Brock CA, Atlas EL, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Goldan PD, Holloway JS, Kuster WC, Lerner BM, Matthew BM, Middlebrook AM, Onasch TB, Peltier RE, Quinn PK, Senff CJ, Stohl A, Sullivan AP, Trainer M, Warneke C, Weber RJ, Williams EJ. Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Allen G, Vaughan G, Bower KN, Williams PI, Crosier J, Flynn M, Connolly P, Hamilton JF, Lee JD, Saxton JE, Watson NM, Gallagher M, Coe H, Allan J, Choularton TW, Lewis AC. Aerosol and trace-gas measurements in the Darwin area during the wet season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Choularton TW, Bower KN, Weingartner E, Crawford I, Coe H, Gallagher MW, Flynn M, Crosier J, Connolly P, Targino A, Alfarra MR, Baltensperger U, Sjogren S, Verheggen B, Cozic J, Gysel M. The influence of small aerosol particles on the properties of water and ice clouds. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:205-22; discussion 297-318. [DOI: 10.1039/b702722m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Patris N, Cliff SS, Quinn PK, Kasem M, Thiemens MH. Isotopic analysis of aerosol sulfate and nitrate during ITCT-2k2: Determination of different formation pathways as a function of particle size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bae MS, Schwab JJ, Zhang Q, Hogrefe O, Demerjian KL, Weimer S, Rhoads K, Orsini D, Venkatachari P, Hopke PK. Interference of organic signals in highly time resolved nitrate measurements by low mass resolution aerosol mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Kleinman LI, Daum PH, Lee YN, Senum GI, Springston SR, Wang J, Berkowitz C, Hubbe J, Zaveri RA, Brechtel FJ, Jayne J, Onasch TB, Worsnop D. Aircraft observations of aerosol composition and ageing in New England and Mid-Atlantic States during the summer 2002 New England Air Quality Study field campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Jimenez JL, Allan JD, Alfarra MR, Zhang Q, Onasch TB, Drewnick F, Coe H, Middlebrook A, Delia A, Williams LR, Trimborn AM, Northway MJ, DeCarlo PF, Kolb CE, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR. Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:185-222. [PMID: 17230437 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometric techniques to the real-time measurement and characterization of aerosols represents a significant advance in the field of atmospheric science. This review focuses on the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), an instrument designed and developed at Aerodyne Research, Inc. (ARI) that is the most widely used thermal vaporization AMS. The AMS uses aerodynamic lens inlet technology together with thermal vaporization and electron-impact mass spectrometry to measure the real-time non-refractory (NR) chemical speciation and mass loading as a function of particle size of fine aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between approximately 50 and 1,000 nm. The original AMS utilizes a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q) with electron impact (EI) ionization and produces ensemble average data of particle properties. Later versions employ time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometers and can produce full mass spectral data for single particles. This manuscript presents a detailed discussion of the strengths and limitations of the AMS measurement approach and reviews how the measurements are used to characterize particle properties. Results from selected laboratory experiments and field measurement campaigns are also presented to highlight the different applications of this instrument. Recent instrumental developments, such as the incorporation of softer ionization techniques (vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photo-ionization, Li+ ion, and electron attachment) and high-resolution ToF mass spectrometers, that yield more detailed information about the organic aerosol component are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Canagaratna
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Rd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA.
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22
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Quinn PK, Bates TS, Coffman D, Onasch TB, Worsnop D, Baynard T, de Gouw JA, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Williams E, Roberts JM, Lerner B, Stohl A, Pettersson A, Lovejoy ER. Impacts of sources and aging on submicrometer aerosol properties in the marine boundary layer across the Gulf of Maine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - D. Coffman
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. B. Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - D. Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - T. Baynard
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | | | - E. R. Lovejoy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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23
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Clarke AD, Owens SR, Zhou J. An ultrafine sea-salt flux from breaking waves: Implications for cloud condensation nuclei in the remote marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Weimer S, Drewnick F, Hogrefe O, Schwab JJ, Rhoads K, Orsini D, Canagaratna M, Worsnop DR, Demerjian KL. Size-selective nonrefractory ambient aerosol measurements during the Particulate Matter Technology Assessment and Characterization Study–New York 2004 Winter Intensive in New York City. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Zhang Q, Alfarra MR, Worsnop DR, Allan JD, Coe H, Canagaratna MR, Jimenez JL. Deconvolution and quantification of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:4938-52. [PMID: 16053095 DOI: 10.1021/es048568l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new technique has been developed to deconvolve and quantify the mass concentrations of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols (HOA and OOA) using highly time-resolved organic mass spectra obtained with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). This technique involves a series of multivariate linear regressions that use mass-to-charge ratios (ml/s) 57 (mostly C4H9+) and 44 (mostly CO2+)-the identified AMS mass spectral tracers for HOA and OOA, respectively-as the initial principal components. Two algorithms have been developed: algorithm 1 is based solely on m/z 44 and m/z 57, and algorithm 2 is an iterative procedure expanded from algorithm 1. This technique was applied to the AMS organic aerosol data acquired at the EPA Pittsburgh Supersite during September 2002. The reconstructed organic concentrations (= HOA + OOA) agree well with the measured values (r2 = 0.997, slope = 0.998), and the reconstructed organic data matrix (size = 3199 time steps x 300 m/z's) explains 99% of the variance in the measured time series. In addition, the extracted mass spectrum of HOA shows high similarity to those of diesel exhaust, lubricating oil, and freshly emitted traffic aerosols observed in urban areas, while the spectrum of OOA closely resembles those of aged organic aerosols sampled in rural areas and also shows similarity with the spectrum of fulvic acid- a humic-like substance that is ubiquitous in the environment and has previously been used as an analogue to represent polyacid components found in highly processed and oxidized atmospheric organic aerosols. There is evidence for the presence of a third component, although its contribution to the total organic signal appears to be small in this study. The most important result is that m/z 44 and m/z 57 are reliable AMS mass spectral "markers" that provide the "first guess" for algorithm 2 which allows the quantitative description of the organic aerosol concentration and mass spectra over a period of 16 days in a major urban area and allows the extraction of mass spectra of OOA and HOA that can be interpreted chemically. These findings indicate the potential of performing organic source apportionment on the basis of total particle mass, rather than on the basis of organic tracer compounds that contribute a small fraction of this mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, USA
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26
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Zhang Q. Time- and size-resolved chemical composition of submicron particles in Pittsburgh: Implications for aerosol sources and processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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McFiggans G, Alfarra MR, Allan J, Bower K, Coe H, Cubison M, Topping D, Williams P, Decesari S, Facchini C, Fuzzi S. Simplification of the representation of the organic component of atmospheric particulates. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:341-62; discussion 363-86, 519-24. [PMID: 16161793 DOI: 10.1039/b419435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an analysis of recent field data to investigate the variation in the organic component of atmospheric aerosol and its behaviour in the moist environment. In all locations the degree of oxygenation of the organic material increases with photochemical age, as does the particulate hygroscopicity. These changes will generally occur in spatial scales comparable to a single cell in global models at representative boundary layer wind speeds. Using ADDEM, a new model of the equilibrium state of multicomponent aerosol, we show that inorganic component changes must be responsible for the increase in particulate hygroscopicity with photochemical age. It is suggested that a common representation of nearfield and background organic aerosol composition is sufficient to describe the behaviour of organic components in a variety of field experiments; nearfield small mode organics being dominated by a combustion-derived unoxidised signature, whilst the background accumulation mode is more oxygenated and dominates in air masses with a photochemical age of more than a couple of days. This representation may be used within the sub-saturated regime to predict the behaviour of ambient particulates in the moist atmosphere. Whether a similar common representation can be used for cloud activation prediction in supersaturated environments, or for investigation of gas-to-particle partitioning, should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon McFiggans
- Atmospheric Science Group, University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester, UK, M60 1QD
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28
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Parrish DD, Kondo Y, Cooper OR, Brock CA, Jaffe DA, Trainer M, Ogawa T, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld FC. Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) and Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission (PEACE) experiments: An overview of the 2002 winter and spring intensives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. A. Brock
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Washington USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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29
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Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW, Uno I, Woo JH, Streets DG, Dabdub D, Kurata G, Sandu A, Allan J, Atlas E, Flocke F, Huey LG, Jakoubek RO, Millet DB, Quinn PK, Roberts JM, Worsnop DR, Goldstein A, Donnelly S, Schauffler S, Stroud V, Johnson K, Avery MA, Singh HB, Apel EC. Multiscale simulations of tropospheric chemistry in the eastern Pacific and on the U.S. West Coast during spring 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Larry W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - David G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | - Donald Dabdub
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Gakuji Kurata
- Department of Ecological Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Japan
| | - Adrian Sandu
- Department of Computer Science; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - James Allan
- Department of Physics; University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology; Manchester UK
| | - Elliot Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Franck Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Lewis Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Patricia K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | | | | | - Allen Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Sue Schauffler
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Verity Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Kristen Johnson
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Eric C. Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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30
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Millet DB, Goldstein AH, Allan JD, Bates TS, Boudries H, Bower KN, Coe H, Ma Y, McKay M, Quinn PK, Sullivan A, Weber RJ, Worsnop DR. Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. Millet
- ESPM, Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- ESPM, Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - James D. Allan
- Department of Physics; University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology; Manchester UK
| | - Timothy S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | | | - Keith N. Bower
- Department of Physics; University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology; Manchester UK
| | - Hugh Coe
- Department of Physics; University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology; Manchester UK
| | - Yilin Ma
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Megan McKay
- ESPM, Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Patricia K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Amy Sullivan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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