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Li C, Wang H, Chen X, Zhai T, Ma X, Yang X, Chen S, Li X, Zeng L, Lu K. Observation and modeling of organic nitrates on a suburban site in southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160287. [PMID: 36410483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the measurements of two types of organic nitrates (ONs), peroxy nitrates (PNs) and alkyl nitrates (ANs), in Chengdu, China, during summer 2019. The average concentrations of PNs and ANs were 1.3 ± 1.1 ppbv and 0.5 ± 0.3 ppbv during the day, with peaks of 7.7 ppbv and 1.9 ppbv, respectively, which were in the middle and upper end of the reported levels in China. Much higher PNs and ANs concentrations were found during the photochemical pollution period than during the clean period. Box model simulation was capable of reproducing PNs during photochemical pollution episodes but showed overestimation in other periods, which was likely caused by the simplification of PNs sinks. The OH oxidation of aldehydes and ketones was the most important source of the PNs precursors, PAs (peroxyacyl radicals), except for the thermal decomposition of PNs, which was further confirmed by the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis. The model basically reproduced the observed ANs by the refinement of related mechanisms, with isoprene contributing to its formation by 29.2 %. The observed PNs and total oxidants (Ox = NO2 + O3) showed a good positive correlation, with a ratio of PNs to Ox of 0.079, indicating a strong suppression of PNs chemistry to ozone formation. The model quantified the suppression of PNs chemistry on the peak ozone production rate by 21.3 % on average and inhibited ozone formation up to 20 ppbv in total. The RIR analysis suggests that the production of both O3 and ANs was in the VOC-limited regime and highlights the importance of VOC control (especially aromatics) to mitigate photochemical pollution in Chengdu. The study deepens the understanding of photochemical pollution in urban areas of western China and further emphasizes the impacts of ONs chemistry on ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Xu L, Crounse JD, Vasquez KT, Allen H, Wennberg PO, Bourgeois I, Brown SS, Campuzano-Jost P, Coggon MM, Crawford JH, DiGangi JP, Diskin GS, Fried A, Gargulinski EM, Gilman JB, Gkatzelis GI, Guo H, Hair JW, Hall SR, Halliday HA, Hanisco TF, Hannun RA, Holmes CD, Huey LG, Jimenez JL, Lamplugh A, Lee YR, Liao J, Lindaas J, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Peischl J, Peterson DA, Piel F, Richter D, Rickly PS, Robinson MA, Rollins AW, Ryerson TB, Sekimoto K, Selimovic V, Shingler T, Soja AJ, St. Clair JM, Tanner DJ, Ullmann K, Veres PR, Walega J, Warneke C, Washenfelder RA, Weibring P, Wisthaler A, Wolfe GM, Womack CC, Yokelson RJ. Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl3648. [PMID: 34878847 PMCID: PMC8654285 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a substantial but poorly quantified source of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here, to investigate the highly variable O3 chemistry in wildfire plumes, we exploit the in situ chemical characterization of western wildfires during the FIREX-AQ flight campaign and show that O3 production can be predicted as a function of experimentally constrained OH exposure, volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity, and the fate of peroxy radicals. The O3 chemistry exhibits rapid transition in chemical regimes. Within a few daylight hours, the O3 formation substantially slows and is largely limited by the abundance of nitrogen oxides (NOx). This finding supports previous observations that O3 formation is enhanced when VOC-rich wildfire smoke mixes into NOx-rich urban plumes, thereby deteriorating urban air quality. Last, we relate O3 chemistry to the underlying fire characteristics, enabling a more accurate representation of wildfire chemistry in atmospheric models that are used to study air quality and predict climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.X.); (P.O.W.)
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Krystal T. Vasquez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.X.); (P.O.W.)
| | - Ilann Bourgeois
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew M. Coggon
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Georgios I. Gkatzelis
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Reem A. Hannun
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D. Holmes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Aaron Lamplugh
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Young Ro Lee
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Liao
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Jakob Lindaas
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jeff Peischl
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Felix Piel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- IONICON Analytik GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Richter
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pamela S. Rickly
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael A. Robinson
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Kanako Sekimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Vanessa Selimovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | - Amber J. Soja
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Jason M. St. Clair
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J. Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - James Walega
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Petter Weibring
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline C. Womack
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert J. Yokelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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