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Wood JD, Sadler EJ, Fox NI, Greer ST, Gu L, Guinan PE, Lupo AR, Market PS, Rochette SM, Speck A, White LD. Land-Atmosphere Responses to a Total Solar Eclipse in Three Ecosystems With Contrasting Structure and Physiology. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:530-543. [PMID: 31080699 PMCID: PMC6505711 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mid-Missouri experienced up to 2 min 40 s of totality at around solar noon during the total eclipse of 2017. We conducted the Mid-Missouri Eclipse Meteorology Experiment to examine land-atmosphere interactions during the eclipse. Here, research examining the eclipse responses in three contrasting ecosystems (forest, prairie, and soybeans) is described. There was variable cloudiness around first and fourth contacts (i.e., the start and end of partial solar obscuration) at the forest and prairie; however, solar irradiance (K ↓) signals during the eclipse were relatively clean. Unfortunately, the eclipse forcing at the soybean field was contaminated by convective activity, which decreased K ↓ beginning about an hour before first contact and exposed the field to cold outflow ~30 min before second contact. Turbulence was suppressed during the eclipse at all sites; however, there was also an amplified signal at the soybean field during the passage of a gust front. The standard deviations of the horizontal and vertical wind velocities and friction velocities decreased by ~75% at the forest (aerodynamically rough), and ~60% at the prairie (aerodynamically smooth). The eddy fluxes of energy were highly coherent with the solar forcing with the latent and sensible heat fluxes approaching 0 W/m2 and changing in direction, respectively. For the prairie site, we estimated a canopy-scale time constant for the surface conductance light response of 10 min. Although the eclipse imparted large forcings on surface energy balances, the air temperature response was relatively muted (1.5-2.5 °C decrease) due to the absence of topographic effects and the relatively moist land and atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Wood
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - E. J. Sadler
- Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - N. I. Fox
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S. T. Greer
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - L. Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - P. E. Guinan
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - A. R. Lupo
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - P. S. Market
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S. M. Rochette
- Department of Earth Sciences, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, New York, USA
| | - A. Speck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - L. D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Seco R, Karl T, Guenther A, Hosman KP, Pallardy SG, Gu L, Geron C, Harley P, Kim S. Ecosystem‐scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central
USA
). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3657-74. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Seco
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Thomas Karl
- Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Alex Guenther
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Kevin P. Hosman
- Department of Forestry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | | | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Chris Geron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA
| | - Peter Harley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80301 USA
| | - Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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Vargas R, Baldocchi DD, Bahn M, Hanson PJ, Hosman KP, Kulmala L, Pumpanen J, Yang B. On the multi-temporal correlation between photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux: reconciling lags and observations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:1006-1017. [PMID: 21609333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence of the temporal correlation between photosynthesis and soil CO(2) efflux, no study has so far tested its generality across the growing season at multiple study sites and across several time scales. Here, we used continuous (hourly) data and applied time series analysis (wavelet coherence analysis) to identify temporal correlations and time lags between photosynthesis and soil CO(2) efflux for three forests from different climates and a grassland. Results showed the existence of multi-temporal correlations at time periods that varied between 1 and 16 d during the growing seasons at all study sites. Temporal correlations were strongest at the 1 d time period, with longer time lags for forests relative to the grassland. The multi-temporal correlations were not continuous throughout the growing season, and were weakened when the effect of variations in soil temperature and CO(2) diffusivity on soil CO(2) efflux was taken into account. Multi-temporal correlations between photosynthesis and soil CO(2) efflux exist, and suggest that multiple biophysical drivers (i.e. photosynthesis, soil CO(2) diffusion, temperature) are likely to coexist for the regulation of allocation and transport speed of carbon during a growing season. Future studies should consider the multi-temporal influence of these biophysical drivers to investigate their effect on the transport of carbon through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vargas
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kevin P Hosman
- Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Liisa Kulmala
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bai Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Montagnani L, Manca G, Canepa E, Georgieva E, Acosta M, Feigenwinter C, Janous D, Kerschbaumer G, Lindroth A, Minach L, Minerbi S, Mölder M, Pavelka M, Seufert G, Zeri M, Ziegler W. A new mass conservation approach to the study of CO2advection in an alpine forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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