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White LD, Hodsdon A, An GH, Thang C, Melhuish TM, Vlok R. In reply - Induction opioids for caesarean section: A word on fentanyl. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 42:117-118. [PMID: 32001087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, QLD, Australia.
| | - A Hodsdon
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - G H An
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, QLD, Australia
| | - C Thang
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, QLD, Australia
| | - T M Melhuish
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Intensive Care Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - R Vlok
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, NSW, Australia; Intensive Care Service, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
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Marshall CR, Finnegan S, Clites EC, Holroyd PA, Bonuso N, Cortez C, Davis E, Dietl GP, Druckenmiller PS, Eng RC, Garcia C, Estes-Smargiassi K, Hendy A, Hollis KA, Little H, Nesbitt EA, Roopnarine P, Skibinski L, Vendetti J, White LD. Quantifying the dark data in museum fossil collections as palaeontology undergoes a second digital revolution. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0431. [PMID: 30185609 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale analysis of the fossil record requires aggregation of palaeontological data from individual fossil localities. Prior to computers, these synoptic datasets were compiled by hand, a laborious undertaking that took years of effort and forced palaeontologists to make difficult choices about what types of data to tabulate. The advent of desktop computers ushered in palaeontology's first digital revolution-online literature-based databases, such as the Paleobiology Database (PBDB). However, the published literature represents only a small proportion of the palaeontological data housed in museum collections. Although this issue has long been appreciated, the magnitude, and thus potential significance, of these so-called 'dark data' has been difficult to determine. Here, in the early phases of a second digital revolution in palaeontology--the digitization of museum collections-we provide an estimate of the magnitude of palaeontology's dark data. Digitization of our nine institutions' holdings of Cenozoic marine invertebrate collections from California, Oregon and Washington in the USA reveals that they represent 23 times the number of unique localities than are currently available in the PBDB. These data, and the vast quantity of similarly untapped dark data in other museum collections, will, when digitally mobilized, enhance palaeontologists' ability to make inferences about the patterns and processes of past evolutionary and ecological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA .,University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - S Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.,University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - E C Clites
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - P A Holroyd
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
| | - N Bonuso
- Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - C Cortez
- John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, Santa Ana, CA 92701-6427, USA
| | - E Davis
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, USA.,University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, 1680 E. 15th Avenue, Eugene, OR 97403-1224, USA
| | - G P Dietl
- Paleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 112 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - P S Druckenmiller
- University of Alaska Museum and Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1962 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - R C Eng
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, WA 98195-3010, USA
| | - C Garcia
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - K Estes-Smargiassi
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - A Hendy
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - K A Hollis
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - H Little
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - E A Nesbitt
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, WA 98195-3010, USA
| | - P Roopnarine
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - L Skibinski
- Paleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - J Vendetti
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - L D White
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA
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Wood JD, Sadler EJ, Fox NI, Greer ST, Gu L, Guinan PE, Lupo AR, Market PS, Rochette SM, Speck A, White LD. Land-Atmosphere Responses to a Total Solar Eclipse in Three Ecosystems With Contrasting Structure and Physiology. J Geophys Res Atmos 2019; 124:530-543. [PMID: 31080699 PMCID: PMC6505711 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mid-Missouri experienced up to 2 min 40 s of totality at around solar noon during the total eclipse of 2017. We conducted the Mid-Missouri Eclipse Meteorology Experiment to examine land-atmosphere interactions during the eclipse. Here, research examining the eclipse responses in three contrasting ecosystems (forest, prairie, and soybeans) is described. There was variable cloudiness around first and fourth contacts (i.e., the start and end of partial solar obscuration) at the forest and prairie; however, solar irradiance (K ↓) signals during the eclipse were relatively clean. Unfortunately, the eclipse forcing at the soybean field was contaminated by convective activity, which decreased K ↓ beginning about an hour before first contact and exposed the field to cold outflow ~30 min before second contact. Turbulence was suppressed during the eclipse at all sites; however, there was also an amplified signal at the soybean field during the passage of a gust front. The standard deviations of the horizontal and vertical wind velocities and friction velocities decreased by ~75% at the forest (aerodynamically rough), and ~60% at the prairie (aerodynamically smooth). The eddy fluxes of energy were highly coherent with the solar forcing with the latent and sensible heat fluxes approaching 0 W/m2 and changing in direction, respectively. For the prairie site, we estimated a canopy-scale time constant for the surface conductance light response of 10 min. Although the eclipse imparted large forcings on surface energy balances, the air temperature response was relatively muted (1.5-2.5 °C decrease) due to the absence of topographic effects and the relatively moist land and atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Wood
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - E. J. Sadler
- Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - N. I. Fox
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S. T. Greer
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - L. Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - P. E. Guinan
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - A. R. Lupo
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - P. S. Market
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S. M. Rochette
- Department of Earth Sciences, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, New York, USA
| | - A. Speck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - L. D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Abstract
Apnoeic oxygenation during intubation is used to prevent desaturation during intubation. The aim of this review was to assess whether apnoeic oxygenation during endotracheal intubation reduced the incidence of hypoxaemia. Five major databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies published up to May 2016. All study designs with a control group and a group receiving apnoeic oxygenation were included in this review. These studies were then assessed for level of evidence and risk of bias. The data were then analysed using a meta-analysis. Eleven studies (six high quality randomised controlled trials, four low quality level two studies and one low quality level three study) were found. In the meta-analysis there was strong evidence for benefit of apnoeic oxygenation in terms of improved SpO2 in elective surgical patients, obese patients and those undergoing emergency intubation without respiratory failure. However, no significant benefit was found in patients with respiratory failure. This is the first meta-analysis to be performed on apnoeic oxygenation during intubation. Apnoeic oxygenation provides significant benefit in terms of improving SpO2 for the majority of intubations, although there appears to be no benefit in patients whose indication for intubation is respiratory failure. Apnoeic oxygenation ought to be considered for integration into intubation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Wagga Wagga Rural Referral Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales
| | - T M Melhuish
- Wagga Wagga Rural Referral Hospital, Wagga Wagga, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - L K White
- Occupational therapist, ARS, Wagga Wagga Rural Referral Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales
| | - L A Wallace
- Consultant Anaesthetist and Pain Physician, Anaesthesia, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
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Mullany LK, Fan HY, Liu Z, White LD, Marshall A, Gunaratne P, Anderson ML, Creighton CJ, Xin L, Deavers M, Wong KK, Richards JS. Molecular and functional characteristics of ovarian surface epithelial cells transformed by KrasG12D and loss of Pten in a mouse model in vivo. Oncogene 2011; 30:3522-36. [PMID: 21423204 PMCID: PMC3139785 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a complex and deadly disease that remains difficult to detect at an early curable stage. Furthermore, although some oncogenic (Kras, Pten/PI3K and Trp53) pathways that are frequently mutated, deleted or amplified in ovarian cancer are known, how these pathways initiate and drive specific morphological phenotypes and tumor outcomes remain unclear. We recently generated Pten(fl/fl); Kras(G12D); Amhr2-Cre mice to disrupt the Pten gene and express a stable mutant form of Kras(G12D) in ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. On the basis of histopathologic criteria, the mutant mice developed low-grade ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinomas at an early age and with 100% penetrance. This highly reproducible phenotype provides the first mouse model in which to study this ovarian cancer subtype. OSE cells isolated from ovaries of mutant mice at 5 and 10 weeks of age exhibit temporal changes in the expression of specific Mullerian epithelial marker genes, grow in soft agar and develop ectopic invasive tumors in recipient mice, indicating that the cells are transformed. Gene profiling identified specific mRNAs and microRNAs differentially expressed in purified OSE cells derived from tumors of the mutant mice compared with wild-type OSE cells. Mapping of transcripts or genes between the mouse OSE mutant data sets, the Kras signature from human cancer cell lines and the human ovarian tumor array data sets, documented significant overlap, indicating that KRAS is a key driver of OSE transformation in this context. Two key hallmarks of the mutant OSE cells in these mice are the elevated expression of the tumor-suppressor Trp53 (p53) and its microRNA target, miR-34a-c. We propose that elevated TRP53 and miR-34a-c may exert negatively regulatory effects that reduce the proliferative potential of OSE cells leading to the low-grade serous adenocarcinoma phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/cytology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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White LD, Cory-Slechta DA, Gilbert ME, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Zawia NH, Virgolini M, Rossi-George A, Lasley SM, Qian YC, Basha MR. New and evolving concepts in the neurotoxicology of lead. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 225:1-27. [PMID: 17904601 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a xenobiotic metal with no known essential function in cellular growth, proliferation, or signaling. Decades of research characterizing the toxicology of Pb have shown it to be a potent neurotoxicant, especially during nervous system development. New concepts in the neurotoxicology of Pb include advances in understanding the mechanisms and cellular specificity of Pb. Experimental studies have shown that stress can significantly alter the effects of Pb, effects that could potentially be mediated through alterations in the interactions of glucocorticoids with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of the brain. Elevated stress, with corresponding elevated glucocorticoid levels, has been postulated to contribute to the increased levels of many diseases and dysfunctions in low socioeconomic status populations. Cellular models of learning and memory have been utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits. Examination of long-term potentiation in the rodent hippocampus has revealed Pb-induced increases in threshold, decreases in magnitude, and shorter retention times of synaptic plasticity. Structural plasticity in the form of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is also impacted by Pb exposure. The action of Pb on glutamate release, NMDA receptor function, or structural plasticity may underlie perturbations in synaptic plasticity and contribute to learning impairments. In addition to providing insight into potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits, cellular models offer an opportunity to investigate direct effects of Pb on isolated biological substrates. A target of interest is the 78-kDa molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). GRP78 chaperones the secretion of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by astrocytes. In vitro evidence shows that Pb strongly binds to GRP78, induces GRP78 aggregation, and blocks IL-6 secretion in astroglial cells. These findings provide evidence for a significant chaperone deficiency in Pb-exposed astrocytes in culture. In the long term, chaperone deficiency could underlie protein conformational diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Lead exposure in early life has been implicated in subsequent progression of amyloidogenesis in rodents during old age. This exposure resulted in an increase in proteins associated with AD pathology viz., beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and beta-amyloid (Abeta). These four new lines of research comprise compelling evidence that exposures to Pb have adverse effects on the nervous system, that environmental factors increase nervous system susceptibility to Pb, and that exposures in early life may cause neurodegeneration in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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8
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White LD, Cory-Slechta DA, Gilbert ME, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Zawia NH, Virgolini M, Rossi-George A, Lasley SM, Qian YC, Basha MR. New and evolving concepts in the neurotoxicology of lead. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007. [PMID: 17904601 DOI: 10.1016/jztaap.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a xenobiotic metal with no known essential function in cellular growth, proliferation, or signaling. Decades of research characterizing the toxicology of Pb have shown it to be a potent neurotoxicant, especially during nervous system development. New concepts in the neurotoxicology of Pb include advances in understanding the mechanisms and cellular specificity of Pb. Experimental studies have shown that stress can significantly alter the effects of Pb, effects that could potentially be mediated through alterations in the interactions of glucocorticoids with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of the brain. Elevated stress, with corresponding elevated glucocorticoid levels, has been postulated to contribute to the increased levels of many diseases and dysfunctions in low socioeconomic status populations. Cellular models of learning and memory have been utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits. Examination of long-term potentiation in the rodent hippocampus has revealed Pb-induced increases in threshold, decreases in magnitude, and shorter retention times of synaptic plasticity. Structural plasticity in the form of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is also impacted by Pb exposure. The action of Pb on glutamate release, NMDA receptor function, or structural plasticity may underlie perturbations in synaptic plasticity and contribute to learning impairments. In addition to providing insight into potential mechanisms of Pb-induced cognitive deficits, cellular models offer an opportunity to investigate direct effects of Pb on isolated biological substrates. A target of interest is the 78-kDa molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). GRP78 chaperones the secretion of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by astrocytes. In vitro evidence shows that Pb strongly binds to GRP78, induces GRP78 aggregation, and blocks IL-6 secretion in astroglial cells. These findings provide evidence for a significant chaperone deficiency in Pb-exposed astrocytes in culture. In the long term, chaperone deficiency could underlie protein conformational diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Lead exposure in early life has been implicated in subsequent progression of amyloidogenesis in rodents during old age. This exposure resulted in an increase in proteins associated with AD pathology viz., beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and beta-amyloid (Abeta). These four new lines of research comprise compelling evidence that exposures to Pb have adverse effects on the nervous system, that environmental factors increase nervous system susceptibility to Pb, and that exposures in early life may cause neurodegeneration in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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9
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Shaw CJ, Shaw CA, Yu W, Stankiewicz P, White LD, Beaudet AL, Lupski JR. Comparative genomic hybridisation using a proximal 17p BAC/PAC array detects rearrangements responsible for four genomic disorders. J Med Genet 2004; 41:113-9. [PMID: 14757858 PMCID: PMC1735660 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.012831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal chromosome 17p is a region rich in low copy repeats (LCRs) and prone to chromosomal rearrangements. Four genomic disorders map within the interval 17p11-p12: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, Smith-Magenis syndrome, and dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) syndrome. While 80-90% or more of the rearrangements resulting in each disorder are recurrent, several non-recurrent deletions or duplications of varying sizes within proximal 17p also have been characterised using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). METHODS A BAC/PAC array based comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) method was tested for its ability to detect these genomic dosage differences and map breakpoints in 25 patients with recurrent and non-recurrent rearrangements. RESULTS Array-CGH detected the dosage imbalances resulting from either deletion or duplication in all the samples examined. The array-CGH approach, in combination with a dependent statistical inference method, mapped 45/46 (97.8%) of the analysed breakpoints to within one overlapping BAC/PAC clone, compared with determinations done independently by FISH. Several clones within the array that contained large LCRs did not have an adverse effect on the interpretation of the array-CGH data. CONCLUSIONS Array-CGH is an accurate and sensitive method for detecting genomic dosage differences and identifying rearrangement breakpoints, even in LCR-rich regions of the genome.
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MESH Headings
- Centromere/genetics
- Chromosome Breakage/genetics
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Mapping/methods
- Chromosome Mapping/statistics & numerical data
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- DNA/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/standards
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/standards
- Male
- Mutation/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/statistics & numerical data
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Das KP, Chao SL, White LD, Haines WT, Harry GJ, Tilson HA, Barone S. Differential patterns of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA and protein levels in developing regions of rat brain. Neuroscience 2001; 103:739-61. [PMID: 11274792 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present studies were undertaken to characterize the regional and temporal patterns of neurotrophin messenger RNA and protein levels for beta-nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 in the developing CNS. We have examined the levels of these neurotrophin messenger RNAs with ribonuclease protection assays and corresponding protein levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the developing Long-Evans rat hippocampus, neocortex and cerebellum on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 92. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to localize the neurotrophins in these developing brain regions. Results indicated that in neocortex and hippocampus, messenger RNA for both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor increased in an age-dependent manner, reaching a plateau by postnatal day 14. In the neocortex, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels both peaked at postnatal day 14. In hippocampus, nerve growth factor protein peaked at postnatal day 7 while brain-derived neurotrophic factor peaked at postnatal day 14. In cerebellum, nerve growth factor messenger RNA levels were flat, while nerve growth factor protein peaked at postnatal day 7. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA increased in an age-dependent manner while the pattern for its protein levels was mixed. Neurotrophin-3 messeger RNA levels increased in an age-dependent manner in hippocampus, peaked at postnatal day14 in cerebellum, and no changes occurred in neocortex. Neurotrophin-3 protein was at its peak at postnatal day 1 and thereafter decreased at other postnatal days in all three brain regions. Results of neurotrophin immunohistochemistry often paralleled and complemented enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data, demonstrating specific cell groups containing neurotrophin proteins in these regions. Within each region, patterns with regard to messenger RNA and respective protein levels for each neurotrophin were unique. No consistent relationship between patterns of neurotrophin messenger RNAs and their cognate proteins was observed between regions. The different regional patterns for neurotrophin messengerRNA and protein levels in each brain region indicate that messenger RNA studies of neurotrophin messenger RNA must be augmented by protein determination to fully characterize spatial and temporal neurotrophin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Das
- Neurotoxicology Division, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27711, USA
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11
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Shrode LB, Lewis ZA, White LD, Bell-Pedersen D, Ebbole DJ. vvd is required for light adaptation of conidiation-specific genes of Neurospora crassa, but not circadian conidiation. Fungal Genet Biol 2001; 32:169-81. [PMID: 11343403 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2001.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
con-10 and con-6 are two of the conidiation (con) genes of Neurospora crassa that were identified based on their preferential expression during macroconidiophore development. They are also regulated by several other environmental stimuli independent of development, including a transient induction by light. We identified an allele of vivid (vvd) in a mutant screen designed to obtain strains with altered expression of con-10. vvd mutants display enhanced carotenoid pigmentation in response to light. In addition, con-10 and con-6 show a heightened response to photoinduction. We tested the function of the light-responsive circadian clock in the vvd mutant and found no major defect in the circadian rhythm of conidiation or light regulation of a key clock component, frequency (frq). We conclude that vvd is primarily involved in a process of light-dependent gene repression, called light adaptation. Although a number of gene products are known to control light induction in fungi, vvd is the first gene shown to have a role in adaptation to constant light.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Shrode
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-2132, USA
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12
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White LD, Barone S. Qualitative and quantitative estimates of apoptosis from birth to senescence in the rat brain. Cell Death Differ 2001; 8:345-56. [PMID: 11550086 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2000] [Revised: 10/20/2000] [Accepted: 11/21/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is crucial for proper development of the CNS, wherein a significant percentage of all central neurons produced during early ontogeny die by apoptosis. To characterize the pattern of developmental programmed cell death, we assayed rat brainstem, neocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum from birth through senescence. Quantitatively, using an ELISA for oligonucleosomal DNA fragments, we demonstrated that PND1 brainstem, neocortex, and hippocampus have the highest levels of fragmented DNA compared to older ages. Cerebellum displayed a large peak at PND10 and a smaller peak at PND21. Low levels were observed throughout adulthood and into senescence, which was corroborated qualitatively by agarose gel and TUNEL data. These data provide a temporal and regional baseline for further studies of the effects of perturbations of cell death during neural development. Quantitative and qualitative changes in these regional profiles of apoptosis due to environmental insults during early ontogeny may alter neuron number and function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Neurotoxicology Division, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27711, USA
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13
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Abstract
The gas-phase reaction of (3-aminopropyl)dimethylethoxysilane (APDMES) with silica with and without amine catalysts has been studied using infrared spectroscopy. Evidence is provided that shows that the aminosilane initially adsorbs via hydrogen bonding of both ethoxy and aminopropyl moieties of the silane with the surface hydroxyl groups. As the reaction proceeds, the number of silane molecules attached to the surface via a Si-O-Si linkage increases primarily at the expense of the number of H-bonded ethoxy groups. The conversion is due to a catalytic process involving the aminopropyl end of gaseous APDMES molecules. On the other hand, the H-bonded aminopropyl groups are less reactive and only a small portion of these groups participates in Si-O-Si bond formation. At the end of the reaction there remain about 50% of the adsorbed APDMES attached by the H-bonded aminopropyl group. Attempts to block the adsorption of the aminopropyl end through the use of the more strongly H-bonded triethylamine proved unsuccessful. The use of preadsorbed triethylamine or 1 : 10 mixtures of triethylamine/APDMES accelerates the reaction but in the end leads to the same final distribution of products on the surface. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- LD White
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, University of Maine, Orono, 04469, Maine
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14
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Abstract
A thin film infrared technique was used to investigate the reaction of methoxysilanes and amines with the silica surface. The low-frequency region contains bands due to Si-O-Si modes that are used to distinguish between hydrogen-bonded and chemisorbed species. It is shown that the competitive adsorption of amines and CH(3)OSi(CH(3))(3) differs from the results obtained using (CH(3)O)(2)Si(CH(3))(2) or (CH(3)O)(3)SiCH(3). The monomethoxysilane does not displace preadsorbed triethylamine whereas the triethylamine is displaced from the surface by both (CH(3)O)(2)Si(CH(3))(2) and (CH(3)O)(3)SiCH(3). In the reverse sequence, the triethylamine displaces all three methoxysilanes on the surface. When 1:1 mixtures of methoxysilanes and triethylamine (or propylamine) are co-added to silica, the amine preferentially adsorbs and is only displaced by subsequent chemisorption of the silane. The implication of these results for using a two-step amine-catalyzed reaction of methoxysilanes on silica is discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- LD White
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469
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15
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Abstract
A thin film infrared technique is used to observe bands due to hydrogen-bonded and chemisorbed methoxymethylsilanes on fumed silica in the low-frequency region below 1300 cm(-1). The low-frequency region contains the characteristic bands due to Si-O-Si, Si-O, Si-C, Si-CH(3), and SiO-C modes. Band assignments are aided by ab initio calculations and comparison to thin film experiments of adsorbed chloromethylsilanes. The spectral interpretation was expected to be more complicated than that of the corresponding chlorosilanes because the strong SiO-C alkoxy bands lie in the same region as the Si-O-Si bands. However, the SiO-C bands are weak in intensity when participating in hydrogen-bonding interactions enabling easy detection of the Si-O-Si bands due to chemisorbed species. By combining the low-frequency data with the spectral information for the hydroxyl region, a clearer picture of the nature of the bonding to the surface is obtained. When adsorbed at room temperature, all methoxy groups participate in hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl groups. When the reaction is performed at 150 degrees C, the silanes are chemisorbed via a Si-O-Si bond and the remaining methoxy groups of the chemisorbed species are hydrogen bonded to the surface hydroxyl groups. At reaction temperature of 400 degrees C there is no evidence of hydrogen bonding but the spectra are complicated by the reaction of methanol with the surface. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- LD White
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469
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16
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Barone S, Das KP, Lassiter TL, White LD. Vulnerable processes of nervous system development: a review of markers and methods. Neurotoxicology 2000; 21:15-36. [PMID: 10794382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the developing nervous system to damage following exposure to environmental contaminants has been well recognized. More recently, from a regulatory perspective, an increased emphasis has been placed on the vulnerability of the developing nervous system to damage following pesticide exposure. The publication of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children (1995) and the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) amendments have significantly escalated the scientific debate regarding age-related susceptibility. Key concerns raised in the NAS report include the qualitative and quantitative differences that distinguish the developing nervous system from that of the adult. It was suggested that neurotoxicity testing on adult animals alone may not be predictive of these differences in susceptibility. The age-related susceptibility of the nervous system is compounded by the protracted period of time over which this complex organ system develops. This temporal vulnerability spans the embryonic, fetal, infant, and adolescent periods. Normal development of the nervous system requires the concomitant and coordinated ontogeny of proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, myelination and apoptosis to occur in a temporally- and regionally-dependent manner. Perturbations of these processes during development can result in long-term irreversible consequences that affect the structure and function of the nervous system and could account for qualitative differences in age-related susceptibility of the developing nervous system as compared to the adult nervous system. A discussion of developmental milestones and the relevance of transient effects on developmental endpoints are presented. Transient effects following developmental perturbations can be missed or dismissed depending on the experimental design or screening strategy employed. This subject is discussed in light of scientific uncertainties regarding perturbation-induced compensation in the developing nervous system. Thus, utilization of age-appropriate tests of these developmental processes may improve the detection and reduce uncertainty about the nature of adverse effects following developmental exposure to environmental neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barone
- Neurotoxicology Division, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Branch, National Health Effects & Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27711, USA.
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17
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White LD, Lawson EE. Effects of chronic prenatal hypoxia on tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase messenger RNA and protein levels in medulla oblongata of postnatal rat. Pediatr Res 1997; 42:455-62. [PMID: 9380436 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199710000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters involved in central nervous system autonomic control. Both acute and chronic hypoxia create alterations in ventilation and blood pressure via catecholamine release, although the mechanisms of these alterations are unknown. The enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyze the rate-limiting step in the catecholamine pathway and production of epinephrine, respectively. Both have been colocalized with Fos protein in metabolic mapping studies of the O2-chemosensory pathway of adult and early postnatal rat. Thus, catecholamines are putative neurotransmitters in a subset of second and higher order respiratory neurons. To characterize the effects of prenatal hypoxia on subsequent TH and PNMT gene and protein expression, pregnant rats were placed in moderate hypoxia (10% O2) from gestational d 18 until birth. Northern and Western analyses of dorsal (catecholaminergic/adrenergic cell group 2) and ventral (catecholaminergic/adrenergic cell group 1) medullary tissue of postnatal (P) age P0, P3, P7, P10, and P14 pups were then done to examine changes in TH and PNMT mRNA and protein compared with normoxia-reared controls. Compared with controls, pups exposed to maternal hypoxia during pregnancy had lower levels of TH mRNA and protein at birth in dorsal medulla and higher levels of TH mRNA the first postnatal week in the ventral medulla. Pups that had been hypoxic in utero showed significantly lower levels of PNMT protein during the second postnatal week in dorsal medulla than did controls. Prenatal hypoxia-induced changes in levels of enzymes responsible for catecholamine synthesis may later be manifest as developmental deficiencies in neuronal function. This may compromise responses to acute hypoxic challenges during early postnatal life and contribute to autonomic nervous system disorders of the newborn such as apnea and sudden infant death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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18
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White LD, Jacobson JW. Insertion of the retroposable element, jockey, near the Adh gene of Drosophila melanogaster is associated with altered gene expression. Genet Res (Camb) 1996; 68:203-9. [PMID: 9062077 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300034170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is well suited to be a gene expression reporter system. Adh produces a measurable phenotype at both the enzyme and mRNA levels. We recovered a spontaneous transposable element (TE) insertion mutation near the Adh gene. The insertion is a truncated retroposable element, jockey, inserted upstream of the adult Adh enhancer region. Comparisons between the Adhjockey allele and its direct wild-type ancestral allele were made in an isogenic background (i.e. identical cis and trans factors). Differences in Adhjockey expression compared with the wild-type can be attributed solely to the presence of the jockey element. This jockey insertion results in a decrease in adult mRNA transcript levels in the Adhjockey homozygous lines relative to the wild-type counterpart and accounts for a correlated decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme activity. The larval ADH activity levels are not detectably different.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Department of Biology, University of Houston, TX 77204-5513, USA.
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19
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Abstract
A genetic marker for identifying transgenic Musca domestica by changes in eye color is described. The Drosophila melanogaster tryptophan oxygenase gene, vermilion (v), was tested for its ability to genetically complement the mutant tryptophan oxygenase gene in houseflies homozygous for green (ge). The v cDNA, placed under the control of the hsp82 promoter of D. pseudoobscura was transiently expressed in M. domestica embryos homozygous for the tryptophan oxygenase gene, ge, resulting in the rescue of adult eye color. The use of a gene from D. melanogaster to complement an eye color mutant in Musca provides the opportunity to develop a gene vector system for M. domestica and a select group of other non-drosophilid insects in which homologous mutations exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park 20742-3351, USA
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20
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White LD, Jacobson JW. Molecular analysis of a spontaneous insertion mutation near the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 26:593-598. [PMID: 8969469 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(96)00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity of the Adh gene in several isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster was tested by Southern blot analysis using a 4.75 kilobase (kb) genomic clone of Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) as a probe. One line, RI22, III, showed evidence of a spontaneous insertion mutation 5' to the adult enhancer in an area previously indicated as a putative larval enhancer region. The inserted allele was present at an approximate frequency of 50% in relation to the uninserted wildtype allele. Isogenic lines were constructed of both homozygous mutant and wildtype flies, allowing the comparison of a spontaneous insertion mutant allele and it's direct wildtype ancestral allele. The inserted sequence is a 296 basepair (bp) truncated jockey retroposable element. The sequence and distribution of the element as well as it's proximity to the Adh gene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Department of Biology, University of Houston, Texas 77204-5513, USA
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21
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Abstract
Fos protein, the product of the immediate early gene c-fos, has been used as a metabolic marker to map the O2 chemosensory pathway activated by hypoxia in the adult rat (Erickson and Millhorn, Brain Res. 567: 11-24, 1991). The current study provides evidence that the O2 chemoreceptor pathway develops during the first postnatal month. Rats at postnatal ages (P) 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days were exposed for 3 h to 21% (control) or 10% (hypoxia) O2. Pups were transcardially fixed, brain stems were frozen, sectioned, then reacted with Fos primary antibody, a secondary antibody, avidin-biotin peroxidase, then Ni-DAB as chromogen. Cells showing Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) under control and hypoxic conditions were counted in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). In both areas there was initially a low basal level of Fos-LI, a peak at P10 and a decline to P28. At all ages there was a significant increase in the number of Fos-LI cells in pups exposed to hypoxia. The high basal level of Fos expression at P10 and the high induced level at P14 may correlate with periods of terminal differentiation and maximum synaptogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Department of Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7545
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether tissue-bound anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) autoantibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) express a cross-reactive idiotype. We assayed 34 skin biopsies from 26 patients with BP and nine biopsies from control subjects, including normal subjects and patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita for the presence of a cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ. Perilesional split-skin biopsies were assayed for the presence of immunoreactants, immunoglobulin G, and complement and for reactivity with a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for a circulating anti-BMZ antibody, anti-Id 3-17. Anti-Id 3-17 bound in a linear band to the BMZ in 12 of 26 patients with BP (46%) and in 0 of 9 control subjects. In serial biopsy specimens, the presence or absence of cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ in six patients was stable during the disease course. This cross-reactive idiotype has been previously identified in the serum of 36% of patients with BP; however, in this study, no correlation was noted between the presence of the cross-reactive idiotype in skin and serum of individual patients. Because cross-reactive idiotypes occur as a consequence of restricted variable-region gene utilization, the demonstration of a cross-reactive idiotype at the BMZ previously identified in the serum of patients with BP supports the hypothesis that circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies in this disease arise from a common genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rico
- Division of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Abstract
To further characterize the circulating antibasement membrane zone (antiBMZ) antibodies present in the sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), we have generated a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (antiId 3-17) specific for an IgG antiBMZ antibody. AntiId 3-17 is specific for an idiotype expressed on antiBMZ IgG in the serum of a patient with BP, and not expressed on pooled normal human IgG or IgG from patients with other autoimmune skin diseases. AntiId 3-17 binds to non-reduced, but not reduced, antiBMZ IgG on immunoblot, suggesting that the idiotype is composed of a conformational epitope expressed on native antibody. By a competitive inhibition ELISA, antiId 3-17 detects a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) expressed in 18 of 50 (36%) of the sera of patients with BP, but in the sera of only 1 of 50 (2%) normal blood bank controls (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test) and 1 of 12 (8%) patients with pemphigus (p = 0.005). Thus, antiId 3-17 recognizes a public idiotype on a native antiBMZ antibody from a patient with BP, which is expressed in the sera of 36% of the unrelated patients with BP studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rico
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27713
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White LD, Lee TH, Cook EF, Weisberg MC, Rouan GW, Brand DA, Goldman L. Comparison of the natural history of new onset and exacerbated chronic ischemic heart disease. The Chest Pain Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16:304-10. [PMID: 2373809 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90577-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To compare the natural history of patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with that of patients with exacerbations of chronic ischemic heart disease, short- and long-term outcomes of 3,465 emergency room patients with acute ischemic heart disease at four community and three university hospitals were evaluated. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 598 (33%) of the 1,835 patients with a prior history of infarction or angina and 934 (57%) of the 1,630 without such a history (p less than 0.001). Patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with acute myocardial infarction were more likely than patients with infarction and exacerbated chronic ischemic heart disease to have Q wave infarction (57% versus 36%) and to receive thrombolytic therapy (11% versus 5%); they also had higher maximal creatine kinase levels (1,088 +/- 1,299 versus 733 +/- 906 U/liter) (p less than 0.0001 for all three). After adjustment for differences in clinical presentation and initial triage, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease with acute myocardial infarction were less likely than the comparison group to have congestive complications (odds ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.84, p less than 0.01) but not less likely to have arrhythmic, ischemic or overall complications. Among patients with angina without acute myocardial infarction, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease were less likely to have recurrent ischemic pain and congestive heart failure. In multivariate analysis of long-term follow-up data on 457 patients from one hospital, patients with new onset ischemic heart disease had better cardiovascular survival rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L D White
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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White LD, White PF. Midtrimester abortion patients. AORN J 1981; 34:756-68. [PMID: 6913379 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)62307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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White LD. Nursing audit: learning tool for students. AORN J 1979; 29:247-51. [PMID: 84548 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nackowski SB, Putnam RD, Robbins DA, Varner MO, White LD, Nelson KW. Trace metal contamination of evacuated blood collection tubes. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1977; 38:503-8. [PMID: 920600 DOI: 10.1080/0002889778507664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the magnitude of potential trace metal contamination contributed by various commercial evacuated blood tubes to blood samples under experimental conditions. None of the tubes tested contributed significant Cu contamination whereas the 1% nitric acid and human blood leaching data clearly indicate that Zn, Pb and Cd contamination of blood samples can be a significant problem with certain blood collection tubes under normal handling, shipping and storage conditions. The implications of these experimental findings are discussed. It is recommended that several of the evacuated blood tubes be leach tested prior to use with blood or plasma and the eluate analyzed for potential trace metal contamination problems.
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Abstract
1. A study of 24 smelter workers routinely exposed to arsenic trioxide was conducted to evaluate some characteristics of its absorption and excretion. A statistically significant correlation was found between airborne arsenic trioxide concentrations below 300 mug/m3 and urinary arsenic values below 500 mug/liter. These men wore personal monitors for five consecutive work days and were determined to have been exposed to average airborne arsenic concentrations of 53 mug/m3 (70 mug/m3 of arsenic trioxide) which increased their urinary arsenic values from 152 mug/liter to 200 mug/liter (an average gain on 32%). 2. The background average urinary arsenic value for adult males not exposed to arsenic trioxide in industry was determined to be 52.6 mug/liter for 204 men during preemployment examinations. 3. After removal from industrial arsenic trioxide exposure, the rate of fall in urinary arsenic values varies with the magnitude of the urinary arsenic level. An initial decrease of 9.5% per day was measured for workers having urinary arsenic values below 200 mug/liter. The initial decrease is about 21% per day for workers with urinary arsenic values over 600 mug/liter. 4. It was determined that arsenic in seafood can alter, in a dramatic fashion, the urinary arsenic values determined for smelter workers within 24 hours following consumption. It is recommended, therefore, that the absorption of arsenic trioxide due to industrial exposure is best evaluated from urine samples collected at least two days after seafood has been eaten.
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Sawicki E, Belsky T, Friedel RA, Hyde DL, Monkman JL, Rasmussen RA, Ripperton LA, White LD. Analytical methods for chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) and bis-chloromethyl ether (BCME) in air. Health Lab Sci 1976; 13:78-81. [PMID: 1262217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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White LD, Chavigny KH. Direct tape access as an adjunct to learning. Nurs Res 1975; 24:295-8. [PMID: 1041613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a study to ascertain effect of direct tape access as an adjunct to learning, junior nursing student in a course in epidemiology were divided into control and experimental groups. The study extended through three quarters--fall, winter, and spring. Experimental students in the winter and spring quarters were given access to 15-minute taped summaries of each week's lecture. When midterm and final examination scores were analyzed according to study group, no statistically significant differences between control group scores and experimental group scores were computed, so that the tapes were found to have no effect on learning; however, student satisfaction with the course showed a significant increase.
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Sawicki E, Atkins PR, Belsky T, Friedel RA, Hyde DL, Monkman JL, Rasmussen RA, Ripperton LA, Sigsby JE, White LD. Addendum to "tentative method for the continuous analysis of total hydrocarbons in the atmosphere (flame ionization method)": flame ionization detector. Health Lab Sci 1973; 10:108-14. [PMID: 4701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sawicki E, Atkins PR, Belsky TA, Friedel RA, Hyde DL, Monkman JL, Ripperton LA, Sigsby JE, White LD. Tentative method of analysis for carbonate and non-carbonate carbon in atmospheric particulate matter. Health Lab Sci 1973; 10:119-27. [PMID: 4701510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cooper CV, White LD, Kupel RE. Qualitative detection limits for specific compounds utilizing gas chromatographic fractions, activated charcoal and a mass spectrometer. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1971; 32:383-6. [PMID: 5089833 DOI: 10.1080/0002889718506477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Sawicki E, Corey RC, Dooley AE, Monkman JL, Ripperton LA, Sigsby JE, White LD. Tentative method of analysis for 7H-benz(de) anthracen-7-one and phenalen-1-one content of the atmosphere (rapid fluorimetric method). 17502-01-70T. Health Lab Sci 1970; 7:186-9. [PMID: 5449679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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White LD, Taylor DG, Mauer PA, Kupel RE. A convenient optimized method for the analysis of selected solvent vapors in the industrial atmosphere. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1970; 31:225-32. [PMID: 5423230 DOI: 10.1080/0002889708506234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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White LD. Concrete Molds of Rodent Burrows. J Mammal 1962. [DOI: 10.2307/1377103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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White LD. Review of The essentials of public speaking. Journal of Applied Psychology 1917. [DOI: 10.1037/h0068116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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