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Kitz F, Wachter H, Spielmann F, Hammerle A, Wohlfahrt G. Root and rhizosphere contribution to the net soil COS exchange. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 498:325-339. [PMID: 38665878 PMCID: PMC11039419 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Partitioning the measured net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration remains a challenge, which scientists try to tackle by using the properties of the trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). Its similar pathway into and within the leaf makes it a potential photosynthesis proxy. The application of COS as an effective proxy depends, among other things, on a robust inventory of potential COS sinks and sources within ecosystems. While the soil received some attention during the last couple of years, the role of plant roots is mostly unknown. In our study, we investigated the effects of live roots on the soil COS exchange. Methods An experimental setup was devised to measure the soil and the belowground plant parts of young beech trees observed over the course of 9 months. Results During the growing season, COS emissions were significantly lower when roots were present compared to chambers only containing soil, while prior to the growing season, with photosynthetically inactive trees, the presence of roots increased COS emissions. The difference in the COS flux between root-influenced and uninfluenced soil was fairly constant within each month, with diurnal variations in the COS flux driven primarily by soil temperature changes rather than the presence or absence of roots. Conclusion While the mechanisms by which roots influence the COS exchange are largely unknown, their contribution to the overall ground surface COS exchange should not be neglected when quantifying the soil COS exchange. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06438-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kitz
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Herbert Wachter
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Felix Spielmann
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
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Meredith LK, Ogée J, Boye K, Singer E, Wingate L, von Sperber C, Sengupta A, Whelan M, Pang E, Keiluweit M, Brüggemann N, Berry JA, Welander PV. Soil exchange rates of COS and CO 18O differ with the diversity of microbial communities and their carbonic anhydrase enzymes. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:290-300. [PMID: 30214028 PMCID: PMC6330096 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating the contributions of photosynthesis and respiration to the global carbon cycle is critical for improving predictive climate models. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in leaves is responsible for the largest biosphere-atmosphere trace gas fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and the oxygen-18 isotopologue of carbon dioxide (CO18O) that both reflect gross photosynthetic rates. However, CA activity also occurs in soils and will be a source of uncertainty in the use of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers until process-based constraints are improved. In this study, we measured COS and CO18O exchange rates and estimated the corresponding CA activity in soils from a range of biomes and land use types. Soil CA activity was not uniform for COS and CO2, and patterns of divergence were related to microbial community composition and CA gene expression patterns. In some cases, the same microbial taxa and CA classes catalyzed both COS and CO2 reactions in soil, but in other cases the specificity towards the two substrates differed markedly. CA activity for COS was related to fungal taxa and β-D-CA expression, whereas CA activity for CO2 was related to algal and bacterial taxa and α-CA expression. This study integrates gas exchange measurements, enzyme activity models, and characterization of soil taxonomic and genetic diversity to build connections between CA activity and the soil microbiome. Importantly, our results identify kinetic parameters to represent soil CA activity during application of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Meredith
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRA/Bordeaux Science Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, 33140, France
| | - Kristin Boye
- SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Esther Singer
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRA/Bordeaux Science Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, 33140, France
| | - Christian von Sperber
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.,Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Aditi Sengupta
- University of Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mary Whelan
- Department of Global Change Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Erin Pang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Joe A Berry
- Department of Global Change Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Newberry SL, Prechsl UE, Pace M, Kahmen A. Tightly bound soil water introduces isotopic memory effects on mobile and extractable soil water pools. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:368-381. [PMID: 28335613 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1302446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic vacuum extraction is the well-established method of extracting water from soil for isotopic analyses of waters moving through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. We investigate if soils can alter the isotopic composition of water through isotope memory effects, and determined which mechanisms are responsible for it. Soils with differing physicochemical properties were re-wetted with reference water and subsequently extracted by cryogenic water distillation. Results suggest some reference waters bind tightly to the soil and not all of this tightly bound water is removed during cryogenic vacuum extraction. Kinetic isotopic fractionation occurring when reference water binds to the soil is likely responsible for the 18O-depletion of re-extracted reference water, suggesting an enrichment of the tightly bound soil water pool. Further re-wetting of cryogenically extracted soils indicates an isotopic memory effect of tightly bound soil water on water added to the soil. The data suggest tightly bound soil water can influence the isotopic composition of mobile soil water. Findings show that soils influence the isotope composition of soil water by (i) kinetic fractionation when water is bound to the soil and (ii) equilibrium fractionation between different soil water pools. These findings could be relevant for plant water uptake investigations and complicate ecohydrological and paleohydrological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Newberry
- a Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Ulrich E Prechsl
- b Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Matthew Pace
- b Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- a Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Wada R, Matsumi Y, Takanashi S, Nakai Y, Nakayama T, Ouchi M, Hiyama T, Fujiyoshi Y, Nakano T, Kurita N, Muramoto K, Kodama N. In situ measurement of CO2 and water vapour isotopic compositions at a forest site using mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2016; 52:603-618. [PMID: 27142631 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1147441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted continuous, high time-resolution measurements of CO2 and water vapour isotopologues ((16)O(12)C(16)O, (16)O(13)C(16)O and (18)O(12)C(16)O for CO2, and H2(18)O for water vapour) in a red pine forest at the foot of Mt. Fuji for 9 days from the end of July 2010 using in situ absorption laser spectroscopy. The δ(18)O values in water vapour were estimated using the δ(2)H-δ(18)O relationship. At a scale of several days, the temporal variations in δ(18)O-CO2 and δ(18)O-H2O are similar. The orders of the daily Keeling plots are almost identical. A possible reason for the similar behaviour of δ(18)O-CO2 and δ(18)O-H2O is considered to be that the air masses with different water vapour isotopic ratios moved into the forest, and changed the atmosphere of the forest. A significant correlation was observed between δ(18)O-CO2 and δ(13)C-CO2 values at nighttime (r(2)≈0.9) due to mixing between soil (and/or leaf) respiration and tropospheric CO2. The ratios of the discrimination coefficients (Δa/Δ) for oxygen (Δa) and carbon (Δ) isotopes during photosynthesis were estimated in the range of 0.7-1.2 from the daytime correlations between δ(18)O-CO2 and δ(13)C-CO2 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Wada
- a Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
- b Department of Natural and Environmental Science , Teikyo University of Science , Uenohara , Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- a Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
- c Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Satoru Takanashi
- d Department of Meteorological Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakai
- d Department of Meteorological Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakayama
- a Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
- c Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Mai Ouchi
- c Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hiyama
- a Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujiyoshi
- e Institute of Low Temperature Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Kurita
- g Graduate School of Environmental Studies , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | | | - Naomi Kodama
- i Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences , Tsukuba , Japan
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Barthel M, Sturm P, Hammerle A, Buchmann N, Gentsch L, Siegwolf R, Knohl A. Soil H₂¹⁸O labelling reveals the effect of drought on C¹⁸OO fluxes to the atmosphere. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5783-93. [PMID: 25100825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Above- and belowground processes in plants are tightly coupled via carbon and water fluxes through the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric CO₂ and water vapour (H₂Ov) provides a valuable tool for investigating the transport and cycling of carbon and water within this system. However, detailed studies on the coupling between ecosystem components and environmental drivers are sparse. Therefore, we conducted a H2 (18)O-labelling experiment to investigate the effect of drought on the speed of the link between below- and aboveground processes and its subsequent effect on C(18)OO released by leaves and soils. A custom-made chamber system, separating shoot from soil compartments, allowed separate measurements of shoot- and soil-related processes under controlled conditions. Gas exchange of oxygen stable isotopes in CO₂ and H₂Ov served as the main tool of investigation and was monitored in real time on Fagus sylvatica saplings using laser spectroscopy. H₂(18)O-labelling showed that drought caused a slower transport of water molecules from soil to shoot, which was indicated by its direct derivation from independently measured concentrations and (18)O/(16)O ratios of CO₂ and H₂Ov, respectively. Furthermore, drought reduced the (18)O equilibrium between H₂O and CO₂ at the shoot level, resulting in less-enriched C(18)OO fluxes from leaf to atmosphere compared with control plants. Compared with the shoot, (18)O equilibrium was not instantaneous in the soil and no drought effect was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Barthel
- Ecosystems and Global Change, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Sturm
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Gentsch
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Chair of Bioclimatology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Siegwolf
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry/Stable Isotopes & Ecosystem Fluxes, PSI - Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Chair of Bioclimatology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Buenning NH, Noone DC, Riley WJ, Still CJ, White JWC. Influences of the hydrological cycle on observed interannual variations in atmospheric CO18O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Griffis TJ, Lee X, Baker JM, Billmark K, Schultz N, Erickson M, Zhang X, Fassbinder J, Xiao W, Hu N. Oxygen isotope composition of evapotranspiration and its relation to C4photosynthetic discrimination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The impact of soil microorganisms on the global budget of delta18O in atmospheric CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:22411-5. [PMID: 20018776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved global estimates of terrestrial photosynthesis and respiration are critical for predicting the rate of change in atmospheric CO(2). The oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric CO(2) can be used to estimate these fluxes because oxygen isotopic exchange between CO(2) and water creates distinct isotopic flux signatures. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is known to accelerate this exchange in leaves, but the possibility of CA activity in soils is commonly neglected. Here, we report widespread accelerated soil CO(2) hydration. Exchange was 10-300 times faster than the uncatalyzed rate, consistent with typical population sizes for CA-containing soil microorganisms. Including accelerated soil hydration in global model simulations modifies contributions from soil and foliage to the global CO(18)O budget and eliminates persistent discrepancies existing between model and atmospheric observations. This enhanced soil hydration also increases the differences between the isotopic signatures of photosynthesis and respiration, particularly in the tropics, increasing the precision of CO(2) gross fluxes obtained by using the delta(18)O of atmospheric CO(2) by 50%.
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