1
|
de Alwis C, Wahr K, Perrine KA. Influence of Cations on Direct CO 2 Capture and Mineral Film Formation: The Role of KCl and MgCl 2 at the Air/Electrolyte/Iron Interface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4052-4067. [PMID: 38718205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms associated with CO2 capture through mineralization is vital for addressing rising CO2 levels. Iron in planetary soils, the mineral cycle, and atmospheric dust react with CO2 through complex surface chemistry. Here, the effect of cations on the growth of carbonate films on iron surfaces was investigated. In situ polarized modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy was used to measure CO2 adsorption and oxidation of iron in MgCl2(aq) and KCl(aq), compared to FeCl2(aq) at the air/electrolyte/iron interface. The cation was found to influence the film composition and growth rates, as corroborated by infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy. In MgCl2(aq), a mixture of hydromagnesite, magnesite, and a Mg hydroxy carbonate film was grown on iron, while in KCl(aq), a potassium-rich bicarbonate film was grown. The cations were found to affect the rates of hydroxylation and carbonation, confirming a specific cation effect on carbonate film growth. In the submerged region, a heterogeneous mixture of lepidocrocite and iron hydroxy carbonate was produced, suggesting that Fe2+ dominates the surface products. Surface roughness measurements from in situ atomic force microscopy indicate iron initially corrodes faster in MgCl2(aq) than KCl(aq), due to the Cl- ions that initiate pitting and corrosion. In this region, cations were not found to affect the morphologies. This study shows surface corrosion is necessary to provide nucleation sites for film growth and that the cations influence the carbonate film, relevant for CO2 capture and planetary processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chathura de Alwis
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Kayleigh Wahr
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Kathryn A Perrine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chung HY, Jung J, Yang K, Kim J, Kim K. Frozen Clay Minerals as a Potential Source of Bioavailable Iron and Magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19805-19816. [PMID: 37934905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects biological production. Iron-containing clay minerals are an important source of bioavailable iron. However, the dissolution of iron-containing clay minerals at temperatures below the freezing point has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate the enhanced reductive dissolution of iron from a clay mineral in ice in the presence of iodide (I-) as the electron donor. The accelerated production of dissolved iron in the frozen state was irreversible, and the freeze concentration effect was considered the main driving force. Furthermore, the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) after the freezing process was observed using transmission electron microscopy analysis. Our results suggest a new mechanism of accelerated abiotic reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals, which may release bioavailable iron, Fe(II), and reactive iodine species into the natural environment. We also propose a novel process for magnetite formation in ice. The freezing process can serve as a source of bioavailable iron or act as a sink, leading to the formation of magnetite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Jung
- Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
| | - Kiho Yang
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zan J, Maher B, Yamazaki T, Fang X, Han W, Kang J, Hu Z. Mid-Pleistocene links between Asian dust, Tibetan glaciers, and Pacific iron fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304773120. [PMID: 37279267 PMCID: PMC10268273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing Asian dust fluxes, associated with late Cenozoic cooling and intensified glaciations, are conventionally thought to drive iron fertilization of phytoplankton productivity in the North Pacific, contributing to ocean carbon storage and drawdown of atmospheric CO2. During the early Pleistocene glaciations, however, productivity remained low despite higher Asian dust fluxes, only displaying glacial stage increases after the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (~800 ka B.P.). We solve this paradox by analyzing an Asian dust sequence, spanning the last 3.6 My, from the Tarim Basin, identifying a major switch in the iron composition of the dust at ~800 ka, associated with expansion of Tibetan glaciers and enhanced production of freshly ground rock minerals. This compositional shift in the Asian dust was recorded synchronously in the downwind, deep sea sediments of the central North Pacific. The switch from desert dust, containing stable, highly oxidized iron, to glacial dust, richer in reactive reduced iron, coincided with increased populations of silica-producing phytoplankton in the equatorial North Pacific and increased primary productivity in more northerly locations, such as the South China Sea. We calculate that potentially bioavailable Fe2+ flux to the North Pacific was more than doubled after the switch to glacially- sourced dust. These findings indicate a positive feedback between Tibetan glaciations, glaciogenic production of dust with enhanced iron bioavailability, and changes in North Pacific iron fertilization. Notably, this strengthened link between climate and eolian dust coincided with the mid-Pleistocene transition to increased storage of C in the glacial North Pacific and more intense northern hemisphere glaciations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Barbara A. Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster,LancasterLA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Toshitsugu Yamazaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa277-8564, Japan
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Wenxia Han
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University,276000Linyi, China
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
West CP, Morales AC, Ryan J, Misovich MV, Hettiyadura APS, Rivera-Adorno F, Tomlin JM, Darmody A, Linn BN, Lin P, Laskin A. Molecular investigation of the multi-phase photochemistry of Fe(III)-citrate in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:190-213. [PMID: 35634912 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is ubiquitous in nature and found as FeII or FeIII in minerals or as dissolved ions Fe2+ or Fe3+ in aqueous systems. The interactions of soluble Fe have important implications for fresh water and marine biogeochemical cycles, which have impacts on global terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Upon dissolution of FeIII into natural aquatic systems, organic carboxylic acids efficiently chelate FeIII to form [FeIII-carboxylate]2+ complexes that undergo a wide range of photochemistry-induced radical reactions. The chemical composition and photochemical transformations of these mixtures are largely unknown, making it challenging to estimate their environmental impact. To investigate the photochemical process of FeIII-carboxylates at the molecular level, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study employing UV-visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, and oil immersion flow microscopy. In this study, aqueous solutions of FeIII-citrate were photolyzed under 365 nm light in an experimental setup with an apparent quantum yield of (φ) ∼0.02, followed by chemical analyses of reacted mixtures withdrawn at increment time intervals of the experiment. The apparent photochemical reaction kinetics of Fe3+-citrates (aq) were expressed as two generalized consecutive reactions of with the experimental rate constants of j1 ∼ 0.12 min-1 and j2 ∼ 0.05 min-1, respectively. Molecular characterization results indicate that R and I consist of both water-soluble organic and Fe-organic species, while P compounds are a mixture of water-soluble and colloidal materials. The latter were identified as Fe-carbonaceous colloids formed at long photolysis times. The carbonaceous content of these colloids was identified as unsaturated organic species with low oxygen content and carbon with a reduced oxidation state, indicative of their plausible radical recombination mechanism under oxygen-deprived conditions typical for the extensively photolyzed mixtures. Based on the molecular characterization results, we discuss the comprehensive reaction mechanism of FeIII-citrate photochemistry and report on the formation of previously unexplored colloidal reaction products, which may contribute to atmospheric and terrestrial light-absorbing materials in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Jackson Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Maria V Misovich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | | | | | - Jay M Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Darmody
- Department of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brittany N Linn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Shen Z, Huang S, Che H, Zhang L, Lei Y, Sun J, Shen G, Xu H, Cao J. Water-soluble iron in PM 2.5 in winter over six Chinese megacities: Distributions, sources, and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120329. [PMID: 36195196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble iron (ws-Fe) in PM2.5 plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric chemical processes. The anthropogenic sources of ws-Fe have attracted considerable attention owing to its high solubility. However, few studies have investigated the content of PM2.5 ws-Fe in the urban environment. In the present study, we characterized the spatial distributions of ws-Fe in six Chinese megacities in the winter of 2019. Furthermore, we investigated the speciation of PM2.5 ws-Fe (ws-Fe(II) and ws-Fe(III)), potential sources of ws-Fe, and association between ws-Fe and particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher ws-Fe concentrations were observed in northern cities (Harbin, Beijing, and Xi'an) than in southern cities (Chengdu, Wuhan, and Guangzhou). Moreover, atmospheric ws-Fe concentrations in urban China were several folds higher than those in urban areas of the United States and several orders of magnitude higher than those in remote oceans, indicating that China is a key contributor to global atmospheric ws-Fe. The dominant form of ws-Fe was ws-Fe(III) in Beijing, whereas ws-Fe(II) was more abundant in the other five cities. The concentrations of ws-Fe and ws-Fe(II) concentrations increased with increasing PM2.5 levels in all the six cities, however, we did not observe any consistent pattern of ws-Fe(III) concentration. Biomass burning was a dominant source of ws-Fe in all cities except Beijing. A strong positive correlation was observed between particle-bound ROS content and ws-Fe; this finding is consistent with those of previous studies indicating that ws-Fe in PM2.5 notably influences atmospheric chemical processes and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi J, Guan Y, Gao H, Yao X, Wang R, Zhang D. Aerosol Iron Solubility Specification in the Global Marine Atmosphere with Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16453-16461. [PMID: 36316194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol iron (Fe) solubility is a key factor for the assessment of atmospheric nutrients input to the ocean but poorly specified in models because the mechanism of determining the solubility is unclear. We develop a deep learning model to project the solubility based on the data that we observed in a coastal city of China. The model has five variables: the size range of particles, relative humidity, and the ratios of sulfate, nitrate and oxalate to total Fe (TFe) contents in aerosol particles. Results show excellent statistical agreements with the solubility in the literature over most worldwide seas and margin areas with the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) as large as 0.73-0.97. The exception is the Atlantic Ocean, where good agreement is obtained with the model trained using local data (r: 0.34-0.66). The model further uncovers that the ratio of oxalate/TFe is the most important variable influencing the solubility. These results indicate the feasibility of treating the solubility as a function of the six factors in deep learning models with careful training and validation. Our model and projected solubility provide innovative options for better quantification of air-to-sea input of aerosol soluble Fe in observational and model studies in the global marine atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Renzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto862-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hettiarachchi E, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Reactions of α-Pinene on Mineral Surfaces: Formation of Organonitrates and α-Pinene Oxidation Products. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4068-4079. [PMID: 35709385 PMCID: PMC9251774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organonitrates (ON) are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). α-Pinene (C10H16), the most abundant monoterpene in the troposphere, is a precursor for the formation of several of these compounds. ON from α-pinene can be produced in the gas phase via photochemical processes and/or following reactions with oxidizers including hydroxyl radical and ozone. Gas-phase nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3) are N sources for ON formation. Although gas-phase reactions of α-pinene that yield ON are fairly well understood, little is known about their formation through heterogeneous and multiphase pathways. In the current study, surface reactions of α-pinene with nitrogen oxides on hematite (α-Fe2O3) and kaolinite (SiO2Al2O3(OH)4) surfaces, common components of mineral dust, have been investigated. α-Pinene oxidizes upon adsorption on kaolinite, forming pinonaldehyde, which then dimerizes on the surface. Furthermore, α-pinene is shown to react with adsorbed nitrate species on these mineral surfaces producing multiple ON and other oxidation products. Additionally, gas-phase oxidation products of α-pinene on mineral surfaces are shown to more strongly adsorb on the surface compared to α-pinene. Overall, this study reveals the complexity of reactions of prevalent organic compounds such as α-pinene with adsorbed nitrate and nitrogen dioxide, revealing new heterogeneous reaction pathways for SOA formation that is mineralogy specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshani Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ueda S, Mori T, Iwamoto Y, Ushikubo Y, Miura K. Wetting properties of fresh urban soot particles: Evaluation based on critical supersaturation and observation of surface trace materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152274. [PMID: 34902417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soot particles strongly absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming. Also, wetting properties of soot at emission can affect its lifetime. We investigated surface conditions related to wetting and hydrophobic properties of fresh soot using data from measurements taken in Tokyo. A cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter was used to clarify surface conditions of particles composed mainly of water-insoluble (WI) materials: total and active particles as CCN around critical supersaturation (Sc) of 203-nm-diameter WI particles. Averaged number fractions of inactivated particles as CCN at 1.05% supersaturation (SS), which is Sc of hydrophilic WI particles, were estimated as 1.4%. Number fractions of inactive particles changed less at 1.78%SS during rush hour and increased at 0.89%SS, implying that most of the WI particles included small amounts of water-soluble (WS) materials rather than being completely hydrophobic. Based on transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of samples collected during rush hour, 69% of the mostly bare soot particles had Na or K small domains that are regarded as originating in fossil fuels. Based on water dialysis analysis results, some Na and K on soot were WS. Combination results with CCN measurements suggest that these WS materials decrease the Sc of soot. Moreover, the morphological structure of sulfate covering Na and K domains on the soot surface implicates pre-existing sodium and potassium compounds on soot as a trigger of soot aging. However, inactive particles at Sc at poor-hydrophilic particles and soot particles composed solely of WI materials on TEM samples were also found, although they were minor. Such particles, which are unfavorable for obtaining a wettable surface, might retain non-hygroscopicity for a longer period in the atmosphere. Evaluation of long-range soot transport can benefit from consideration of slight and inhomogeneous differences of chemical compounds on soot that occur along with their emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Ueda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Mori
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yuta Ushikubo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; Laboratory for Environmental Research at Mount Fuji, 2-5-5 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0072, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manck LE, Park J, Tully BJ, Poire AM, Bundy RM, Dupont CL, Barbeau KA. Petrobactin, a siderophore produced by Alteromonas, mediates community iron acquisition in the global ocean. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:358-369. [PMID: 34341506 PMCID: PMC8776838 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that siderophores play a role in marine iron biogeochemical cycling. However, the mechanisms by which siderophores affect the availability of iron from specific sources and the resulting significance of these processes on iron biogeochemical cycling as a whole have remained largely untested. In this study, we develop a model system for testing the effects of siderophore production on iron bioavailability using the marine copiotroph Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126. Through the generation of the knockout cell line ΔasbB::kmr, which lacks siderophore biosynthetic capabilities, we demonstrate that the production of the siderophore petrobactin enables the acquisition of iron from mineral sources and weaker iron-ligand complexes. Notably, the utilization of lithogenic iron, such as that from atmospheric dust, indicates a significant role for siderophores in the incorporation of new iron into marine systems. We have also detected petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore, directly from seawater in the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific and have identified the biosynthetic pathway for petrobactin in bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes widely distributed across the global ocean. Together, these results improve our mechanistic understanding of the role of siderophore production in iron biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment wherein iron speciation, bioavailability, and residence time can be directly influenced by microbial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Manck
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jiwoon Park
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Tully
- Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfonso M Poire
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randelle M Bundy
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher L Dupont
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Health, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Synthetic Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine A Barbeau
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gen M, Zhang R, Chan CK. Nitrite/Nitrous Acid Generation from the Reaction of Nitrate and Fe(II) Promoted by Photolysis of Iron-Organic Complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15715-15723. [PMID: 34812628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) has the potential to greatly contribute to the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Increased attention has been paid to in-particle nitrite or nitrous acid, N(III), as one of the HONO sources. However, sources and formation mechanisms of N(III) remain uncertain. Here, we study a much less examined reaction of Fe(II) and nitrate as a source of N(III). The N(III) production was indirectly probed by its multiphase reaction with SO2 for sulfate production. Particles containing nitrate and Fe(III) were irradiated for generating Fe(II). Sulfate production was enhanced by the presence of UV and organic compounds likely because of the enhanced redox cycle between Fe(II) and Fe(III). Sulfate production rate increases with the concentration of iron-organic complexes in nitrate particles. Similarly, higher concentrations of iron-organic complexes yield higher nitrate decay rates. The estimated production rates of N(III) under simulated conditions in our study vary from 0.1 to 3.0 μg m-3 of air h-1. These values are comparable to HONO production rates of 0.2-1.6 ppbv h-1, which fall in the values reported in laboratory and field studies. The present study highlights a synergistic effect of the coexistence of iron-organic complexes and nitrate under irradiation as a source of N(III).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chak Keung Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Ling J, Gu C, Zhou S, Jin X. Dissolution of Fe from Fe-bearing minerals during the brown-carbonization processes in atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148133. [PMID: 34119791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found Fe dissolution in atmosphere correlates to biomass burning, while the underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we reported a laboratory investigation about Fe dissolution behavior of two model Fe-bearing clay minerals of montmorillonite (SWy-2) and illite (IMt-2), and one standard mineral dust of Arizona test dust (AZTD) in atmospheric condition (pH = 2), after the minerals engaging into the brown-carbonization reaction with guaiacol, which is a commonly detected volatile phenol substance in biomass burning. The results show that the pre-brown-carbonization reaction promoted Fe dissolution from all the three minerals, attributing to the reduction of Fe(III) by gaseous guaiacol. The Fe dissolution from SWy-2, IMt-2 and AZTD were also compared under both light and dark conditions to simulate the daytime and nighttime atmospheric processes. As a result, model solar irradiation further promoted Fe dissolution from IMt-2 and AZTD, since both minerals contain moderate photo-reducible Fe(III) oxide or/and Fe(III) oxyhydroxide. The promotive effect of solar irradiation on Fe dissolution from AZTD would be gradually diminished because the photo-reactive Fe(III) is also guaiacol-reducible. Whereas, it was on the contrary for SWy-2 which does not contain the Fe(III) (oxyhydr-)oxide phase. And more dependently, the photo-induced hydroxyl radical (OH) on SWy-2 would re-oxidize the formed Fe(II), unless sufficient amount of guaiacol or brown-carbonization products on SWy-2 consumed the OH and complexed with surface coordinated Fe(III) forming photo-reducible Fe(III). The results of this study suggested the brown carbonization process on minerals would greatly mediate the Fe dissolution behavior from the Fe-bearing mineral dusts in atmosphere. Similar processes might need to be taken into consideration to accurately evaluate the input of Fe from atmosphere to open oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Jingyi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shaoda Zhou
- Nanjing Kaver Scientific Instruments, Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie T, Lu S, Zeng J, Rao L, Wang X, Win MS, Zhang D, Lu H, Liu X, Wang Q. Soluble Fe release from iron-bearing clay mineral particles in acid environment and their oxidative potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138650. [PMID: 32305773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soluble iron from atmospheric aerosol particles has toxicological effects on ambient environment due to their oxidative potential. However, the dissolution process and factors affecting this process are poorly understood. In this study, by solid phase characterization and aqueous dissolution experiments, we investigated the influence of acids, including HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3, and H+ concentration on iron dissolution rate, solubility and speciation of iron in chlorite, illite, kaolinite and pyrite. The dissolution of iron-bearing clay minerals, i.e. chlorite, illite and kaolinite, was a multi-stage process with a rapid rate in the initial stage and then decreasing rate in the following stages. In contrast, the regularly crystallized pyrite proceeded with an extremely rapid dissolution rate at very beginning and then remained almost constant. In all acid solutions, the dissolution rate was in the order of pyrite > illite > chlorite > kaolinite. H2SO4 was stronger than HCl and HNO3 in the destruction of mineral structures to release iron, while HNO3 dissolved more iron in pyrite (FeS2). High H+ concentration easily destroyed the mineral structures to release the structural or interlayer iron, whereas low H+ concentration increased the proportion of Fe (II) in clay minerals. Non-linear fitting of continuous dissolution models showed that the iron dissolution rates and iron redox speciation as functions of time were well predicted, with r2 > 0.99 for chlorite and illite, and r2 > 0.96 for kaolinite. Oxidative potential analysis proved that the dissolved iron possessed a considerable potential to generate reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Junyang Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lanfang Rao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingzi Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Myat Sandar Win
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Kumamoto University, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 83002, China
| | - Qingyue Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mineral Dust and Iron Solubility: Effects of Composition, Particle Size, and Surface Area. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is significant iron deposition in the oceans, approximately 14–16 Tg annually from mineral dust aerosols, but only a small percentage (approx. 3%) of it is soluble and, thus, bioavailable. In this work, we examine the effect of mineralogy, particle size, and surface area on iron solubility in pure mineral phases to simulate atmospheric processing of mineral dust aerosols during transport. Pure iron-bearing minerals common to Saharan dust were partitioned into four size fractions (10–2.5, 2.5–1, 1–0.5, and 0.5–0.25 µm) and extracted into moderately acidic (pH 4.3) and acidic (pH 1.7) leaching media to simulate mineral processing during atmospheric transport. Results show that, in general, pure iron-bearing clay materials present an iron solubility (% dissolved Fe/total Fe in the mineral) an order of magnitude higher than pure iron oxide minerals. The relative solubility of iron in clay particles does not depend on particle size for the ranges examined (0.25–10 μm), while iron in hematite and magnetite shows a trend of increasing solubility with decreasing particle size in the acidic leaching medium. Our results indicate that while mineralogy and aerosol pH have an effect on the solubilization of iron from simulated mineral dust particles, surface processes of the aerosol might also have a role in iron solubilization during transport. The surface area of clay minerals does not change significantly as a function of particle size (10–0.25 µm), while the surface area of iron oxides is strongly size dependent. Overall, these results show how mineralogy and particle size can influence iron solubility in atmospheric dust.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Aerosols deposited into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) contain iron (Fe) and other trace metals, which may act as micronutrients or as toxins to this sensitive marine ecosystem. In this paper, we quantified the atmospheric deposition of Fe and investigated aerosol sources in Mission Beach (Queensland) next to the GBR. Leaching experiments were applied to distinguish pools of Fe with regard to its solubility. The labile Fe concentration in aerosols was 2.3–10.6 ng m−3, which is equivalent to 4.9%–11.4% of total Fe and was linked to combustion and biomass burning processes, while total Fe was dominated by crustal sources. A one-day precipitation event provided more soluble iron than the average dry deposition flux, 0.165 and 0.143 μmol m−2 day−1, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy indicated that alumina-silicates were the main carriers of total Fe and samples affected by combustion emissions were accompanied by regular round-shaped carbonaceous particulates. Collected aerosols contained significant amounts of Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn, which were mostly (47.5%–96.7%) in the labile form. In this study, we provide the first field data on the atmospheric delivery of Fe and other trace metals to the GBR and propose that this is an important delivery mechanism to this region.
Collapse
|
16
|
Perron MMG, Strzelec M, Gault-Ringold M, Proemse BC, Boyd PW, Bowie AR. Assessment of leaching protocols to determine the solubility of trace metals in aerosols. Talanta 2019; 208:120377. [PMID: 31816697 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of aerosols to the ocean provides an important pathway for the supply of vital micronutrients, including trace metals. These trace metals are essential for phytoplankton growth, and therefore their delivery to marine ecosystems can strongly influence the ocean carbon cycle. The solubility of trace metals in aerosols is a key parameter to better constrain their potential impact on phytoplankton growth. To date, a wide range of experimental approaches and nomenclature have been used to define aerosol trace metal solubility, making data comparison between studies difficult. Here we investigate and discuss several laboratory leaching protocols to determine the solubility of key trace metals in aerosol samples, namely iron, cobalt, manganese, copper, lead, vanadium, titanium and aluminium. Commonly used techniques and tools are also considered such as enrichment factor calculations and air mass back-trajectory projections and recommendations are given for aerosol field sampling, laboratory processing (including leaching and digestion) and analytical measurements. Finally, a simple 3-step leaching protocol combining commonly used protocols is proposed to operationally define trace metal solubility in aerosols. The need for standard guidelines and protocols to study the biogeochemical impact of atmospheric trace metal deposition to the ocean has been increasingly emphasised by both the atmospheric and oceanographic communities. This lack of standardisation currently limits our understanding and ability to predict ocean and climate interactions under changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane M G Perron
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Michal Strzelec
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Melanie Gault-Ringold
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bernadette C Proemse
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bowie
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coddens EM, Angle KJ, Grassian VH. Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4476-4483. [PMID: 31298863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pH of aqueous aerosols, as well as cloud and fog droplets, has an important influence on the chemistry that takes place within these unique microenvironments. Utilizing conjugate acid/base pairs to infer pH changes, we investigate, for the first time, changes in aerosol pH upon coalescence. In particular, we show that the pH within individual aqueous aerosols that are ∼8 μm in diameter can be titrated via droplet coalescence in an aerosol optical tweezer. Using sulfate/bisulfate and carbonate/bicarbonate as model systems, the pH of trapped aerosols is determined before and after introduction of smaller aerosols containing a strong acid. The pH change upon coalescence with the smaller, acidic aerosol is calculated using specific ion interaction theory. Furthermore, we show that the pH of an individual aerosol can be altered along a fairly wide range of pH values, paving the way for future studies requiring rigorous pH control of an aqueous aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Coddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Kyle J Angle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pattammattel A, Leppert VJ, Forman HJ, O’Day PA. Surface characterization and chemical speciation of adsorbed iron(iii) on oxidized carbon nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:548-563. [PMID: 30702742 PMCID: PMC6426675 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous nanomaterials represent a significant portion of ultra-fine airborne particulate matter, and iron is the most abundant transition metal in air particles. Owing to their high surface area and atmospheric oxidation, carbon nanoparticles (CNP) are enriched with surface carbonyl functional groups and act as a host for metals and small molecules. Using a synthetic model, concentration-dependent changes in the chemical speciation of iron adsorbed on oxidized carbon surfaces were investigated by a combination of X-ray and electron microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Carbon K-edge absorption spectra demonstrated that the CNP surface was enriched with carboxylic acid groups after chemical oxidation but that microporosity was unchanged. Oxidized CNP showed a high affinity for sorption of Fe(iii) from solution (75-95% uptake) and spectroscopic measurements confirmed a 3+ oxidation state of Fe on CNP irrespective of surface loading. The bonding of adsorbed Fe(iii) at variable loadings was determined by iron K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. At low loadings (3 and 10 μmol Fe m-2 CNP), mononuclear Fe was octahedrally coordinated to oxygen atoms of carboxylate groups. As Fe surface coverage increased (21 and 31 μmol Fe m-2 CNP), Fe-Fe backscatters were observed at interatomic distances indicating iron (oxy)hydroxide particle formation on CNP. Electron-donating surface carboxylate groups on CNP coordinated and stabilized mononuclear Fe(iii). Saturation of high-affinity sites may have promoted hydroxide particle nucleation at higher loading, demonstrating that the chemical form of reactive metal ions may change with surface concentration and degree of CNP surface oxidation. Model systems such as those discussed here, with controlled surface properties and known chemical speciation of adsorbed metals, are needed to establish structure-activity models for toxicity assessments of environmentally relevant nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Pattammattel
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
- Corresponding authors ,
| | - Valerie J. Leppert
- School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy A. O’Day
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
- Corresponding authors ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Freedman MA, Ott EJE, Marak KE. Role of pH in Aerosol Processes and Measurement Challenges. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1275-1284. [PMID: 30586311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
pH is one of the most basic chemical properties of aqueous solution, but its measurement in nanoscale aerosol particles presents many challenges. The pH of aerosol particles is of growing interest in the atmospheric chemistry community because of its demonstrated effects on heterogeneous chemistry and human health, as well as potential effects on climate. The authors have shown that phase transitions of aerosol particles are sensitive to pH, focusing on systems that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Currently, aerosol pH is calculated indirectly from knowledge of species present in the gas and aerosol phases through the use of thermodynamic models. From these models, ambient aerosol is expected to be highly acidic (pH ∼ 0-3). Direct measurements have focused on model systems due to the difficulty of this measurement. This area is one in which physical chemists should be encouraged to contribute because of the potential consequences for aerosol processes in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Emily-Jean E Ott
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Katherine E Marak
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berrabah H, Taïbi K, Ait Abderrahim L, Boussaid M. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) flowers from the Algerian germplasm. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Losey DJ, Sihvonen SK, Veghte DP, Chong E, Freedman MA. Acidic processing of fly ash: chemical characterization, morphology, and immersion freezing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1581-1592. [PMID: 30339168 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash can undergo aging in the atmosphere through interactions with sulfuric acid and water. These reactions could result in chemical and physical changes that could affect the cloud condensation or ice nucleation activity of fly ash particles. To explore this process, different water and acid treated fly ash types were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), selected area diffraction (SAED), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Then, their immersion freezing activity was assessed. With water and acid treatment, a wide variety of metals were leached, depending on the starting composition of the fly ash. Acid treatment resulted in the formation of gypsum, Ca(SO4)·2H2O, for fly ash containing Ca as well as morphological changes. The immersion freezing activity was also assessed for each fly ash system to compare the effects of water and acid processing. Our results support the assertion that fly ash can serve as a cloud condensation or ice nucleus to affect climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delanie J Losey
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Li R, Cui L, Fu H, Lin J, Chen J. Characterization and acid-mobilization study for typical iron-bearing clay mineral. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:222-232. [PMID: 30195681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, iron speciation in five standard clay samples was characterized. Iron mobilization from these clays was then measured in acidic media. For comparison, a commercially available Arizona test dust (ATD) was also observed. The results showed that the free-Fe contents of clays were commonly lower than that of dust aerosols. The components of clays were dominant by the structural Fe held in the aluminosilicate lattice. The iron solubility of the clays were in the order of KGa-2 > SWy-2 > CCa-2 > IMt-2 > NAu-2. Based upon the Mössbauer spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the Fe(II) fraction and the Fe/Si ratio of clay particles changed after dissolution, suggesting the total Fe solubility depended on the Fe atom states existing within the aluminosilicate lattice. The Fe in KGa-2 and SWy-2 was most likely substituted for alkaline elements as the interlayer ions held by ionic bonds in the aluminosilicate, which are more liable to dissolution. However, the Fe in NAu-2 was more likely to be bound by strong covalent bonds in aluminosilicate mineral, which is less soluble. The much highly soluble Fe in ATD was not only linked to the dissolution of an appreciable fraction of Fe(II), but also could be attributed to the fact that the Fe bonds in the clay fraction of ATD were mainly present as ionic bonds. The TEM images showed that reacted clay particles displayed less aggregate particles, with nanoparticle aggregates and the Fe/S-rich tiny particles attached to the remains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nowak S, Lafon S, Caquineau S, Journet E, Laurent B. Quantitative study of the mineralogical composition of mineral dust aerosols by X-ray diffraction. Talanta 2018; 186:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Ostaszewski CJ, Stuart NM, Lesko DMB, Kim D, Lueckheide MJ, Navea JG. Effects of Coadsorbed Water on the Heterogeneous Photochemistry of Nitrates Adsorbed on TiO2. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6360-6371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie M. Stuart
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Daniel M. B. Lesko
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Deborah Kim
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Matthew J. Lueckheide
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Hettiarachchi E, Hurab O, Rubasinghege G. Atmospheric Processing and Iron Mobilization of Ilmenite: Iron-Containing Ternary Oxide in Mineral Dust Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1291-1302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eshani Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Omar Hurab
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Gayan Rubasinghege
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Navea JG, Richmond E, Stortini T, Greenspan J. Water Adsorption Isotherms on Fly Ash from Several Sources. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10161-10171. [PMID: 28882043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, horizontal attenuated total reflection (HATR) Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was combined with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gravimetry to investigate the adsorption isotherms of water on fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. Because of composition variability with the source region, water uptake was studied at room temperature as a function of relative humidity (RH) on fly ash from several regions: United States, India, The Netherlands, and Germany. The FT-IR spectra show water features growth as a function of RH, with water absorbing on the particle surface in both an ordered (ice-like) and a disordered (liquid-like) structure. The QCM data was modeled using the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm model. The BET model was found to describe the data well over the entire range of RH, showing that water uptake on fly ash takes place mostly on the surface of the particle, even for poorly combusted samples. In addition, the source region and power-plant efficiency play important roles in the water uptake and ice nucleation (IN) ability of fly ash. The difference in the observed water uptake and IN behavior between the four samples and mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), the aluminosilicate main component of fly ash, is attributed to differences in composition and the density of OH binding sites on the surface of each sample. A discussion is presented on the RH required to reach monolayer coverage on each sample as well as a comparison between surface sites of fly ash samples and enthalpies of adsorption of water between the samples and mullite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Navea
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Emily Richmond
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Talia Stortini
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| | - Jillian Greenspan
- Chemistry Department, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-1632, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Z, Fu H, Zhang L, Song W, Chen J. Ligand-Promoted Photoreductive Dissolution of Goethite by Atmospheric Low-Molecular Dicarboxylates. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1647-1656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gankanda A, Coddens EM, Zhang Y, Cwiertny DM, Grassian VH. Sulfate formation catalyzed by coal fly ash, mineral dust and iron(iii) oxide: variable influence of temperature and light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1484-1491. [PMID: 27796391 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent atmospheric field and modeling studies have highlighted a lack of understanding of the processes responsible for high levels of sulfate aerosol in the atmosphere, ultimately arising from a dearth of experimental data on such processes. Here we investigated the effect of temperature and simulated solar radiation on the catalytic oxidation of S(iv) to S(vi) (i.e., sulfite to sulfate) in aqueous suspensions of several metal-containing, atmospherically relevant particles including coal fly ash (FA), Arizona test dust (ATD) and an iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3). The effect of temperature and light on S(iv) oxidation was found to be very different for these three samples. For example, in the presence of FA and γ-Fe2O3 the temporal evolution of dissolved Fe(ii) (formed via reductive particle dissolution) correlated with S(iv) oxidation. Accordingly, we propose that S(iv) oxidation in most of these systems initially occurs primarily at the particle surface (i.e., a heterogeneous reaction pathway), although a solution-phase (i.e., homogeneous) catalytic pathway also contributes over later timescales due to the formation and accumulation of dissolved Fe(iii) (generated via oxidation of dissolved Fe(ii) by O2). It is likely that the homogeneous reaction pathway is operative at initial times in the presence of γ-Fe2O3 at 25 °C. In contrast, S(iv) oxidation in the presence of ATD appears to proceed entirely via a heterogeneous reaction, which notably does not lead to any iron dissolution. In fact, the greater overall rate of S(iv) loss in the presence of ATD compared to FA and γ-Fe2O3 suggests that other factors, including greater adsorption of sulfite, transition metal ion (TMI) catalysis by other metal ions (e.g., Ti), or different species of iron in ATD, play a role. Overall these studies suggest that the rate, extent and products of atmospheric S(iv) oxidation can be highly variable and dependent upon the nature of aerosol sources and ambient conditions (e.g., temperature and irradiance). Ultimately, such complexity precludes simple, broadly generalized schemes for this reaction when modeling atmospheric processes involving diverse components of different mineral dust aerosol as well as other metal-containing aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Gankanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ellen M Coddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - David M Cwiertny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. and Departments of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kebede MA, Bish DL, Losovyj Y, Engelhard MH, Raff JD. The Role of Iron-Bearing Minerals in NO2 to HONO Conversion on Soil Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8649-60. [PMID: 27409359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) accumulates in the nocturnal boundary layer where it is an important source of daytime hydroxyl radicals. Although there is clear evidence for the involvement of heterogeneous reactions of NO2 on surfaces as a source of HONO, mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used coated-wall flow tube measurements of NO2 reactivity on environmentally relevant surfaces (Fe (hydr)oxides, clay minerals, and soil from Arizona and the Saharan Desert) and detailed mineralogical characterization of substrates to show that reduction of NO2 by Fe-bearing minerals in soil can be a more important source of HONO than the putative NO2 hydrolysis mechanism. The magnitude of NO2-to-HONO conversion depends on the amount of Fe(2+) present in substrates and soil surface acidity. Studies examining the dependence of HONO flux on substrate pH revealed that HONO is formed at soil pH < 5 from the reaction between NO2 and Fe(2+)(aq) present in thin films of water coating the surface, whereas in the range of pH 5-8 HONO stems from reaction of NO2 with structural iron or surface complexed Fe(2+) followed by protonation of nitrite via surface Fe-OH2(+) groups. Reduction of NO2 on ubiquitous Fe-bearing minerals in soil may explain HONO accumulation in the nocturnal boundary layer and the enhanced [HONO]/[NO2] ratios observed during dust storms in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Longo AF, Feng Y, Lai B, Landing WM, Shelley RU, Nenes A, Mihalopoulos N, Violaki K, Ingall ED. Influence of Atmospheric Processes on the Solubility and Composition of Iron in Saharan Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6912-6920. [PMID: 27286140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol iron was examined in Saharan dust plumes using a combination of iron near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and wet-chemical techniques. Aerosol samples were collected at three sites located in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and Bermuda to characterize iron at different atmospheric transport lengths and time scales. Iron(III) oxides were a component of aerosols at all sampling sites and dominated the aerosol iron in Mediterranean samples. In Atlantic samples, iron(II and III) sulfate, iron(III) phosphate, and iron(II) silicates were also contributors to aerosol composition. With increased atmospheric transport time, iron(II) sulfates are found to become more abundant, aerosol iron oxidation state became more reduced, and aerosol acidity increased. Atmospheric processing including acidic reactions and photoreduction likely influence the form of iron minerals and oxidation state in Saharan dust aerosols and contribute to increases in aerosol-iron solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William M Landing
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Rachel U Shelley
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas , Patras 70013, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens , Penteli GR-15236, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
- National Observatory of Athens , Penteli GR-15236, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Iraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Violaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Iraklion 71003, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maters EC, Delmelle P, Bonneville S. Atmospheric Processing of Volcanic Glass: Effects on Iron Solubility and Redox Speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5033-5040. [PMID: 27128877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic ash from explosive eruptions can provide iron (Fe) to oceanic regions where this micronutrient limits primary production. Controls on the soluble Fe fraction in ash remain poorly understood but Fe solubility is likely influenced during atmospheric transport by condensation-evaporation cycles which induce large pH fluctuations. Using glass powder as surrogate for ash, we experimentally simulate its atmospheric processing via cycles of pH 2 and 5 exposure. Glass fractional Fe solubility (maximum 0.4%) is governed by the pH 2 exposure duration rather than by the pH fluctuations, however; pH 5 exposure induces precipitation of Fe-bearing nanoparticles which (re)dissolve at pH 2. Glass leaching/dissolution release Fe(II) and Fe(III) which are differentially affected by changes in pH; the average dissolved Fe(II)/Fetot ratio is ∼0.09 at pH 2 versus ∼0.18 at pH 5. Iron release at pH 2 from glass with a relatively high bulk Fe(II)/Fetot ratio (0.5), limited aqueous Fe(II) oxidation at pH 5, and possibly glass-mediated aqueous Fe(III) reduction may render atmospherically processed ash a significant source of Fe(II) for phytoplankton. By providing new insight into the form(s) of Fe associated with ash as wet aerosol versus cloud droplet, we improve knowledge of atmospheric controls on volcanogenic Fe delivery to the ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Maters
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delmelle
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Steeve Bonneville
- Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, CP160/02, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tang M, Cziczo DJ, Grassian VH. Interactions of Water with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation, and Ice Nucleation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4205-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J. Cziczo
- Department
of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fu HB, Shang GF, Lin J, Hu YJ, Hu QQ, Guo L, Zhang YC, Chen JM. Fractional iron solubility of aerosol particles enhanced by biomass burning and ship emission in Shanghai, East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:377-391. [PMID: 24607631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In terms of understanding Fe mobilization from aerosol particles in East China, the PM2.5 particles were collected in spring at Shanghai. Combined with the backtrajectory analysis, the PM2.5/PM10 and Ca/Al ratios, a serious dust-storm episode (DSE) during the sampling was identified. The single-particle analysis showed that the major iron-bearing class is the aluminosilicate dust during DSE, while the Fe-bearing aerosols are dominated by coal fly ash, followed by a minority of iron oxides during the non-dust storm days (NDS). Chemical analyses of samples showed that the fractional Fe solubility (%FeS) is much higher during NDS than that during DSE, and a strong inverse relationship of R(2)=0.967 between %FeS and total atmospheric iron loading were found, suggested that total Fe (FeT) is not controlling soluble Fe (FeS) during the sampling. Furthermore, no relationship between FeS and any of acidic species was established, suggesting that acidic process on aerosol surfaces are not involved in the trend of iron solubility. It was thus proposed that the source-dependent composition of aerosol particles is a primary determinant for %FeS. Specially, the Al/Fe ratio is poorly correlated (R(2)=0.113) with %FeS, while the apparent relationship between %FeS and the calculated KBB(+)/Fe ratio (R(2)=0.888) and the V/Fe ratio (R(2)=0.736) were observed, reflecting that %FeS could be controlled by both biomass burning and oil ash from ship emission, rather than mineral particles and coal fly ash, although the latter two are the main contributors to the atmospheric Fe loading during the sampling. Such information can be useful improving our understanding on iron solubility on East China, which may further correlate with iron bioavailability to the ocean, as well as human health effects associated with exposure to fine Fe-rich particles in densely populated metropolis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H B Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - G F Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Y J Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Q Q Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - L Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y C Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J M Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen H, Grassian VH. Iron dissolution of dust source materials during simulated acidic processing: the effect of sulfuric, acetic, and oxalic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10312-10321. [PMID: 23883276 DOI: 10.1021/es401285s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric organic acids potentially display different capacities in iron (Fe) mobilization from atmospheric dust compared with inorganic acids, but few measurements have been made on this comparison. We report here a laboratory investigation of Fe mobilization of coal fly ash, a representative Fe-containing anthropogenic aerosol, and Arizona test dust, a reference source material for mineral dust, in pH 2 sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid, respectively. The effects of pH and solar radiation on Fe dissolution have also been explored. The relative capacities of these three acids in Fe dissolution are in the order of oxalic acid > sulfuric acid > acetic acid. Oxalate forms mononuclear bidentate ligand with surface Fe and promotes Fe dissolution to the greatest extent. Photolysis of Fe-oxalate complexes further enhances Fe dissolution with the concomitant degradation of oxalate. These results suggest that ligand-promoted dissolution of Fe may play a more significant role in mobilizing Fe from atmospheric dust compared with proton-assisted processing. The role of atmospheric organic acids should be taken into account in global-biogeochemical modeling to better access dissolved atmospheric Fe deposition flux at the ocean surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Chen
- Departments of †Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gorski CA, Handler RM, Beard BL, Pasakarnis T, Johnson CM, Scherer MM. Fe atom exchange between aqueous Fe2+ and magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12399-407. [PMID: 22577839 DOI: 10.1021/es204649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+) has been extensively studied due to its role in contaminant reduction, trace-metal sequestration, and microbial respiration. Previous work has demonstrated that the reaction of Fe(2+) with magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) results in the structural incorporation of Fe(2+) and an increase in the bulk Fe(2+) content of magnetite. It is unclear, however, whether significant Fe atom exchange occurs between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+), as has been observed for other Fe oxides. Here, we measured the extent of Fe atom exchange between aqueous Fe(2+) and magnetite by reacting isotopically "normal" magnetite with (57)Fe-enriched aqueous Fe(2+). The extent of Fe atom exchange between magnetite and aqueous Fe(2+) was significant (54-71%), and went well beyond the amount of Fe atoms found at the near surface. Mössbauer spectroscopy of magnetite reacted with (56)Fe(2+) indicate that no preferential exchange of octahedral or tetrahedral sites occurred. Exchange experiments conducted with Co-ferrite (Co(2+)Fe(2)(3+)O(4)) showed little impact of Co substitution on the rate or extent of atom exchange. Bulk electron conduction, as previously invoked to explain Fe atom exchange in goethite, is a possible mechanism, but if it is occurring, conduction does not appear to be the rate-limiting step. The lack of significant impact of Co substitution on the kinetics of Fe atom exchange, and the relatively high diffusion coefficients reported for magnetite suggest that for magnetite, unlike goethite, Fe atom diffusion is a plausible mechanism to explain the rapid rates of Fe atom exchange in magnetite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Gorski
- Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fu H, Lin J, Shang G, Dong W, Grassian VH, Carmichael GR, Li Y, Chen J. Solubility of iron from combustion source particles in acidic media linked to iron speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11119-27. [PMID: 22963384 DOI: 10.1021/es302558m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, iron solubility from six combustion source particles was investigated in acidic media. For comparison, a Chinese loess (CL) dust was also included. The solubility experiments confirmed that iron solubility was highly variable and dependent on particle sources. Under dark and light conditions, the combustion source particles dissolved faster and to a greater extent relative to CL. Oil fly ash (FA) yielded the highest soluble iron as compared to the other samples. Total iron solubility fractions measured in the dark after 12 h ranged between 2.9 and 74.1% of the initial iron content for the combustion-derived particles (Oil FA > biomass burning particles (BP) > coal FA). Ferrous iron represented the dominant soluble form of Fe in the suspensions of straw BP and corn BP, while total dissolved Fe presented mainly as ferric iron in the cases of oil FA, coal FA, and CL. Mössbauer measurements and TEM analysis revealed that Fe in oil FA was commonly presented as nanosized Fe(3)O(4) aggregates and Fe/S-rich particles. Highly labile source of Fe in corn BP could be originated from amorphous Fe form mixed internally with K-rich particles. However, Fe in coal FA was dominated by the more insoluble forms of both Fe-bearing aluminosilicate glass and Fe oxides. The data presented herein showed that iron speciation varies by source and is an important factor controlling iron solubility from these anthropogenic emissions in acidic solutions, suggesting that the variability of iron solubility from combustion-derived particles is related to the inherent character and origin of the aerosols themselves. Such information can be useful in improving our understanding on iron solubility from combustion aerosols when they undergo acidic processing during atmospheric transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Fu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Laskin A, Moffet RC, Gilles MK, Fast JD, Zaveri RA, Wang B, Nigge P, Shutthanandan J. Tropospheric chemistry of internally mixed sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with weak organic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Vargas Jentzsch P, Ciobotă V, Bolanz RM, Kampe B, Rösch P, Majzlan J, Popp J. Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of synthetic ungemachite, K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2·6H2O. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Deboudt K, Gloter A, Mussi A, Flament P. Red-ox speciation and mixing state of iron in individual African dust particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Moffet RC, Furutani H, Rödel TC, Henn TR, Sprau PO, Laskin A, Uematsu M, Gilles MK. Iron speciation and mixing in single aerosol particles from the Asian continental outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Chen H, Laskin A, Baltrusaitis J, Gorski CA, Scherer MM, Grassian VH. Coal fly ash as a source of iron in atmospheric dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2112-20. [PMID: 22260270 DOI: 10.1021/es204102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic coal fly ash (FA) aerosol may represent a significant source of bioavailable iron in the open ocean. Few measurements have been made that compare the solubility of atmospheric iron from anthropogenic aerosols and other sources. We report here an investigation of iron dissolution for three FA samples in acidic aqueous solutions and compare the solubilities with that of Arizona test dust (AZTD), a reference material for mineral dust. The effects of pH, simulated cloud processing, and solar radiation on iron solubility have been explored. Similar to previously reported results on mineral dust, iron in aluminosilicate phases provides the predominant component of dissolved iron. Iron solubility of FA is substantially higher than of the crystalline minerals comprising AZTD. Simulated atmospheric processing elevates iron solubility due to significant changes in the morphology of aluminosilicate glass, a dominant material in FA particles. Iron is continuously released into the aqueous solution as FA particles break up into smaller fragments. These results suggest that the assessment of dissolved atmospheric iron deposition fluxes and their effect on the biogeochemistry at the ocean surface should be constrained by the source, environmental pH, iron speciation, and solar radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hunt A, Johnson DL. Differential Individual Particle Analysis (DIPA): applications in particulate matter characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:742-750. [PMID: 21546660 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Operator-controlled and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) are used extensively to characterize particulate matter in environmental media. Analysis in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with chemical extraction is a potentially powerful tool that is capable of determining how various sample components are associated at the individual particle level. This involves initial characterization in a SEM, after which the material is exposed to a liquid or gas phase reaction for a specified time, and once exposure is concluded, the particles are reanalyzed in the SEM. This particle analysis by difference, or differential individual particle analysis (DIPA), possesses considerable potential for describing the behavior of environmental particles under changing chemical conditions. Here we describe DIPA applications with illustrative examples drawn from the analysis of particulate matter modified by reactions in a fluid environment. In situ DIPA permits the same particles to be analyzed in the SEM before and after modification. Repeated exposure to the same, or different modifying conditions, provides information on the time dependence of specific reactions. Significant numbers of particles can be analyzed using CCSEM, and the same particles can be analyzed after the reaction by accurate sample relocation in the SEM. Ex situ DIPA, which involves a bulk sample modification, uses CCSEM to characterize significant numbers of particles pre- and postreaction. The CCSEM approach is extremely efficient; recent developments in silicon drift detectors have increased the speed of characteristic X-rays detection, and very large numbers of particles can be analyzed in a short period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hunt
- Earth and environmental Sciences Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moxim WJ, Fan SM, Levy H. The meteorological nature of variable soluble iron transport and deposition within the North Atlantic Ocean basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Hsu SC, Liu SC, Arimoto R, Shiah FK, Gong GC, Huang YT, Kao SJ, Chen JP, Lin FJ, Lin CY, Huang JC, Tsai F, Lung SCC. Effects of acidic processing, transport history, and dust and sea salt loadings on the dissolution of iron from Asian dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Johnson MS, Meskhidze N, Solmon F, Gassó S, Chuang PY, Gaiero DM, Yantosca RM, Wu S, Wang Y, Carouge C. Modeling dust and soluble iron deposition to the South Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Fu H, Cwiertny DM, Carmichael GR, Scherer MM, Grassian VH. Photoreductive dissolution of Fe-containing mineral dust particles in acidic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Rubasinghege G, Lentz RW, Scherer MM, Grassian VH. Simulated atmospheric processing of iron oxyhydroxide minerals at low pH: roles of particle size and acid anion in iron dissolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6628-33. [PMID: 20360560 PMCID: PMC2872379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910809107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that iron dissolution in Fe-containing dust aerosol can be linked to source material (mineral or anthropogenic), mineralogy, and iron speciation. All of these factors need to be incorporated into atmospheric chemistry models if these models are to accurately predict the impact of Fe-containing dusts into open ocean waters. In this report, we combine dissolution measurements along with spectroscopy and microscopy to focus on nanoscale size effects in the dissolution of Fe-containing minerals in low-pH environments and the importance of acid type, including HNO(3), H(2)SO(4), and HCl, on dissolution. All of these acids are present in the atmosphere, and dust particles have been shown to be associated with nitrate, sulfate, and/or chloride. These measurements are done under light and dark conditions so as to simulate and distinguish between daytime and nighttime atmospheric chemical processing. Both size (nano- versus micron-sized particles) and anion (nitrate, sulfate, and chloride) are found to play significant roles in the dissolution of alpha-FeOOH under both light and dark conditions. The current study highlights these important, yet unconsidered, factors in the atmospheric processing of iron-containing mineral dust aerosol.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ooki A, Nishioka J, Ono T, Noriki S. Size dependence of iron solubility of Asian mineral dust particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|