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Li BH, Zhao HL, Gong JC, Wu X, Liu CY, Hu JW, Yang GP. Emission of CO 2 and its related carbonate system dynamics in a hotspot area during winter and summer: The Changjiang River estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106496. [PMID: 38640691 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The carbonate chemistry in river-dominated marginal seas is highly heterogeneous, and there is ongoing debate regarding the definition of atmospheric CO2 source or sink. On this basis, we investigated the carbonate chemistry and air-sea CO2 fluxes in a hotspot estuarine area: the Changjiang Estuary during winter and summer. The spatial characteristics of the carbonate system were influenced by water mixing of three end-members in winter, including the Changjiang freshwater with low total alkalinity (TA) concentration, the less saline Yellow Sea Surface Water with high TA, and the saline East China Sea (ECS) offshore water with moderate TA. While in summer with increased river discharge, the carbonate system was regulated by simplified two end-member mixing between the Changjiang freshwater and the ECS offshore water. By performing the end-member mixing model on DIC variations in the river plume region, significant biological addition of DIC was found in winter with an estimation of -120 ± 113 μmol kg-1 caused by wintertime organic matter remineralization from terrestrial source. While this biological addition of DIC shifted to DIC removal due to biological production in summer supported by the increased nutrient loading from Changjiang River. The pCO2 dynamics in the river plume and the ECS offshore were both subjected to physical mixing of freshwater and seawater, whether in winter and summer. In the inner estuary without horizontal mixing, the pCO2 dynamics were mainly influenced by biological uptake in winter and temperature in summer. The inner estuary, the river plume, and the ECS offshore were sources of atmospheric CO2, with their contributions varying seasonally. The Changjiang runoff enhanced the inner estuary's role as a CO2 source in summer, while intensive biological uptake reduced the river plume's contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Han Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhao
- Ocean University of China, Research Vessel Centre, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiang-Chen Gong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, 511462, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jing-Wen Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Xu X, Zheng N, Zang K, Huo C, Zhao H, Mu J, Wang J, Sun B. Aragonite saturation state variation and control in the river-dominated marginal BoHai and Yellow seas of China during summer. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:540-550. [PMID: 30301071 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on a survey conducted from June to July 2013, aragonite saturation state variation and control in the river-dominated marginal BoHai and Yellow seas were investigated. Surface water Ωarag ranged from 2.0-3.8, whereas subsurface water Ωarag was generally lower than 2.0. Temperature changes had a strong influence on Ωarag through induced CO2 solubility changes in seawater. Riverine freshwater input decreased Ωarag in the Changjiang and Yalu river estuaries, but induced higher Ωarag in the Yellow River estuary. Biological processes had opposite effects on Ωarag, whereby elevated biological production led to the highest Ωarag in the South Yellow Sea surface water, whereas net community respiration/remineralization induced low Ωarag in subsurface water. Stratification affected the level and scale of low Ωarag in subsurface water. By the year 2100, surface water with Ωarag > 2.0 will disappear except for the Yellow River estuary, and most of the subsurface water will develop substantial aragonite undersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xu
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huade Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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Carbon Chemistry in the Mainstream of Kuroshio Current in Eastern Taiwan and Its Transport of Carbon into the East China Sea Shelf. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu X, Zang K, Huo C, Zheng N, Zhao H, Wang J, Sun B. Aragonite saturation state and dynamic mechanism in the southern Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:142-150. [PMID: 27289282 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based upon surveys conducted in November 2012 and June 2013, the distribution and dynamics of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) were investigated in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) of China. In summer, surface water Ωarag ranged from 2.1-3.8 and enhanced biological production fueled by Changjiang River freshwater input increased Ωarag to 3.8 in the southern SYS. However, subsurface water Ωarag was <2.0 in the central SYS. During autumn, surface water Ωarag was 2.0-2.9, lower than that in summer due to ventilation between surface and low Ωarag (1.0-1.4) subsurface waters in the central SYS. Community respiration and/or aerobic remineralization dominated low Ωarag in subsurface waters, while water stratification influenced the level and scale of acidity accumulation. By the end of this century, waters with Ωarag>2.0 could disappear from the SYS with increasing atmospheric CO2, while bottom waters Ωarag may become undersaturated due to the impact of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xu
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huade Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (State Oceanic Administration), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
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Hung CC, Ko FC, Gong GC, Chen KS, Wu JM, Chiang HL, Peng SC, Santschi PH. Increased zooplankton PAH concentrations across hydrographic fronts in the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 83:248-257. [PMID: 24775063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Changjiang has transported large quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the East China Sea (ECS), but information of these pollutants in zooplankton is limited. To understand PAHs pollution in zooplankton in the ECS, total concentrations of PAHs in zooplankton from surface waters were measured. Values of PAHs ranged from 2 to 3500 ng m(-3) in the ECS, with highest PAHs levels located at the salinity front between the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and the mid-shelf waters. In contrast, concentrations of zooplankton PAHs in the mid-shelf and outer-shelf waters were significantly lower (2-23 ng m(-3)) than those in the CDW. These results demonstrate that PAHs are conspicuously accumulated in zooplankton at the salinity front between the CDW and the mid-shelf waters. These higher levels of PAHs in zooplankton at the salinity front may be further biomagnified in marine organisms of higher trophic levels through their feeding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ching Gong
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Chen
- Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Chiang
- Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Chueh Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine Sciences, Laboratory for Oceanography and Environmental Research, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
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Hung CC, Gong GC, Ko FC, Lee HJ, Chen HY, Wu JM, Hsu ML, Peng SC, Nan FH, Santschi PH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the East China Sea and their relationship with carbonaceous materials. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:464-470. [PMID: 21439594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study measured concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments in the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate possible sources and fate of PAHs. Total concentration of PAHs in the sediments of the ECS ranged from 22 to 244 ng g(-1), with the highest levels in the coastal area and outer shelf. The observed PAH results showed elevated levels in both inner and outer shelf areas, a finding that is different from predictions by an ocean circulation model, suggesting that terrestrial sources are important for PAH contaminations in the ECS, while sediment resuspension, tidal changes and lateral transport may be important in affecting the distribution of PAHs in the outer shelf. The distribution of PAHs in the surface sediments of the ECS is similar to the distribution of carbonaceous materials (e.g., particulate organic carbon and black carbon), suggesting that carbonaceous materials may strongly affect the distribution of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Hung
- Institute of Marine Evnironmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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