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Veillette J, Lovejoy C, Potvin M, Harding T, Jungblut AD, Antoniades D, Chénard C, Suttle CA, Vincent WF. Milne Fiord epishelf lake: A coastal Arctic ecosystem vulnerable to climate change. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/18-3-3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Veillette
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Connie Lovejoy
- Québec Océan, IBIS and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marianne Potvin
- Québec Océan, IBIS and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tommy Harding
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anne D. Jungblut
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dermot Antoniades
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Chénard
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Botany, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Curtis A. Suttle
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Botany, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Vincent WF, Fortier D, Lévesque E, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Tremblay B, Sarrazin D, Antoniades D, Mueller DR. Extreme ecosystems and geosystems in the Canadian High Arctic: Ward Hunt Island and vicinity. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/18-3-3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada,
| | - Daniel Fortier
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de chimie-biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Noémie Boulanger-Lapointe
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de chimie-biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Tremblay
- Centre d'études nordiques and Département de chimie-biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Sarrazin
- Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dermot Antoniades
- Sección Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Derek R. Mueller
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Przytulska A, Bartosiewicz M, Rautio M, Dufresne F, Vincent WF. Climate Effects on High Latitude Daphnia via Food Quality and Thresholds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126231. [PMID: 25970289 PMCID: PMC4430472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is proceeding rapidly at high northern latitudes and may have a variety of direct and indirect effects on aquatic food webs. One predicted effect is the potential shift in phytoplankton community structure towards increased cyanobacterial abundance. Given that cyanobacteria are known to be a nutritionally poor food source, we hypothesized that such a shift would reduce the efficiency of feeding and growth of northern zooplankton. To test this hypothesis, we first isolated a clone of Daphnia pulex from a permafrost thaw pond in subarctic Québec, and confirmed that it was triploid but otherwise genetically similar to a diploid, reference clone of the same species isolated from a freshwater pond in southern Québec. We used a controlled flow-through system to investigate the direct effect of temperature and indirect effect of subarctic picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus) on threshold food concentrations and growth rate of the high latitude clone. We also compared the direct effect of temperature on both Daphnia clones feeding on eukaryotic picoplankton (Nannochloropsis). The high latitude clone had a significantly lower food threshold for growth than the temperate clone at both 18 and 26°C, implying adaptation to lower food availability even under warmer conditions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in the picoeukaryote but not the cyanobacterium, confirming the large difference in food quality. The food threshold for growth of the high latitude Daphnia was 3.7 (18°C) to 4.2 (26°C) times higher when fed Synechococcus versus Nannochloropsis, and there was also a significant negative effect of increased temperature and cyanobacterial food on zooplankton fatty acid content and composition. The combined effect of temperature and food quality on the performance of the high latitude Daphnia was greater than their effects added separately, further indicating the potentially strong indirect effects of climate warming on aquatic food web processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przytulska
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Maciej Bartosiewicz
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Biology, Chemistry and Geography Department, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Moss B. Cogs in the endless machine: lakes, climate change and nutrient cycles: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 434:130-142. [PMID: 21962562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lakes have, rather grandly, been described as sentinels, integrators and regulators of climate change (Williamson et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 2009; 54: 2273-82). Lakes are also part of the continuum of the water cycle, cogs in a machine that processes water and elements dissolved and suspended in myriad forms. Assessing the changes in the functioning of the cogs and the machine with respect to these substances as climate changes is clearly important, but difficult. Many other human-induced influences, not least eutrophication, that impact on catchment areas and consequently on lakes, have generally complicated the recording of recent change in sediment records and modern sets of data. The least confounded evidence comes from remote lakes in mountain and polar regions and suggests effects of warming that include mobilisation of ions and increased amounts of phosphorus. A cottage industry has arisen in deduction and prediction of the future effects of climate change on lakes, but the results are very general and precision is marred not only by confounding influences but by the complexity of the lake system and the infinite variety of possible future scenarios. A common conclusion, however, is that warming will increase the intensity of symptoms of eutrophication. Direct experimentation, though expensive and still unusual and confined to shallow lake and wetland systems is perhaps the most reliable approach. Results suggest increased symptoms of eutrophication, and changes in ecosystem structure, but in some respects are different from those deduced from comparisons along latitudinal gradients or by inference from knowledge of lake behaviour. Experiments have shown marked increases in community respiration compared with gross photosynthesis in mesocosm systems and it may be that the most significant churnings of these cogs in the earth-air-water machine will be in their influence on the carbon cycle, with possibly large positive feedback effects on warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Moss
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Prowse T, Alfredsen K, Beltaos S, Bonsal BR, Bowden WB, Duguay CR, Korhola A, McNamara J, Vincent WF, Vuglinsky V, Walter Anthony KM, Weyhenmeyer GA. Effects of Changes in Arctic Lake and River Ice. AMBIO 2011; 40:63-74. [PMCID: PMC3357771 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climatic changes to freshwater ice in the Arctic are projected to produce a variety of effects on hydrologic, ecological, and socio-economic systems. Key hydrologic impacts include changes to low flows, lake evaporation regimes and water levels, and river-ice break-up severity and timing. The latter are of particular concern because of their effect on river geomorphology, vegetation, sediment and nutrient fluxes, and sustainment of riparian aquatic habitats. Changes in ice phenology will affect a wide range of related biological aspects of seasonality. Some changes are likely to be gradual, but others could be more abrupt as systems cross critical ecological thresholds. Transportation and hydroelectric production are two of the socio-economic sectors most vulnerable to change in freshwater-ice regimes. Ice roads will require expensive on-land replacements while hydroelectric operations will both benefit and be challenged. The ability to undertake some traditional harvesting methods will also be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Prowse
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Knut Alfredsen
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Spyros Beltaos
- Aquatic Ecosystem Impacts Research Division, Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 Canada
| | - Barrie R. Bonsal
- Environment Canada, National Hydrology Research Centre, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5 Canada
| | - William B. Bowden
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, 304 Aiken Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Claude R. Duguay
- Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Atte Korhola
- Department of Environmental Sciences, ECRU, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jim McNamara
- Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID 83703 USA
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Département de Biologie & Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN), Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Valery Vuglinsky
- State Hydrological Institute, 2nd Line 23, St. Petersburg, 199053 Russian Federation
| | - Katey M. Walter Anthony
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5960 USA
| | - Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Vincent WF, Callaghan TV, Dahl-Jensen D, Johansson M, Kovacs KM, Michel C, Prowse T, Reist JD, Sharp M. Ecological Implications of Changes in the Arctic Cryosphere. AMBIO 2011; 40:87-99. [PMCID: PMC3357775 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Snow, water, ice, and permafrost are showing evidence of substantial change in the Arctic, with large variations among different geographical areas. As a result of these changes, some habitats and their associated ecosystems are expanding, while others are undergoing rapid contraction. The warming of the Arctic cryosphere is limiting the range for cold-adapted biota, and less specialized taxa including invasive species from the south are likely to become increasingly common. Extreme climate events such as winter thawing are likely to become more frequent, and may accelerate shifts in community structure and processes. Many Arctic ecosystems are interdependent, and changes in the cryosphere are altering physical, biogeochemical, and biological linkages, as well as causing positive feedback effects on atmospheric warming. All of these climate-related effects are compounded by rapid socio-economic development in the North, creating additional challenges for northern communities and indigenous lifestyles that depend on Arctic ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick F. Vincent
- Département de Biologie & Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN), Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | | - Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institutet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Christine Michel
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Terry Prowse
- Environment Canada, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - James D. Reist
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Martin Sharp
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, T6G 2E3 Canada
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Vincent WF. Microbial ecosystem responses to rapid climate change in the Arctic. ISME JOURNAL 2010; 4:1087-90. [PMID: 20631804 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2010.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Warwick F Vincent
- Centre for Northern Studies, Département de biologie, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Mueller DR, Copland L, Hamilton A, Stern D. Examining Arctic Ice Shelves Prior to the 2008 Breakup. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008eo490002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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