1
|
GONÇALVES JR SÉRGIOJ, MAGALHÃES NEWTON, CHARELLO RENATAC, EVANGELISTA HEITOR, GODOI RICARDOH. Relative contributions of fossil fuel and biomass burning sources to black carbon aerosol on the Southern Atlantic Ocean Coast and King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210805. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SÉRGIO J. GONÇALVES JR
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil
| | - NEWTON MAGALHÃES
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves SJ, Weis J, China S, Evangelista H, Harder TH, Müller S, Sampaio M, Laskin A, Gilles MK, Godoi RHM. Photochemical reactions on aerosols at West Antarctica: A molecular case-study of nitrate formation among sea salt aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143586. [PMID: 33218800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental implications of climate change are complex and exhibit regional variations both within and between the polar regions. The increase of solar UV radiation flux over Antarctica due to stratospheric ozone depletion creates the optimal conditions for photochemical reactions on the snow. Modeling, laboratory, and indirect field studies suggest that snowpack process release gases to the atmosphere that can react on sea salt particles in remote regions such as Antarctica, modifying aerosol composition and physical properties of aerosols. Here, we present evidence of photochemical processing in West Antarctica aerosols using microscopic and chemical speciation of individual atmospheric particles. Individual aerosol particles collected at the Brazilian module Criosfera 1 were analyzed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) combined with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis. The displacement of chlorine relative to sodium was observed over most of the sea salt particles. Particles with a chemical composition consistent with NaCl-NO3 contributed up to 30% of atmospheric particles investigated. Overall, this study provides evidence that the snowpack and particulate nitrate photolysis should be considered in dynamic partition equilibrium in the troposphere. These findings may assist in reducing modeling uncertainties and present new insights into the aerosol chemical composition in the polar environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio J Gonçalves
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; LARAMG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johannes Weis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physikalisches Institüt, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Swarup China
- William R. Wiley Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Heitor Evangelista
- LARAMG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tristan H Harder
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physikalisches Institüt, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Brazilian National Space Institute - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mary K Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hara K, Osada K, Yabuki M, Matoba S, Hirabayashi M, Fujita S, Nakazawa F, Yamanouchi T. Atmospheric sea-salt and halogen cycles in the Antarctic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2003-2022. [PMID: 32749425 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric sea-salt and halogen cycles play important roles in atmospheric science and chemistry including cloud processes and oxidation capacity in the Antarctic troposphere. This paper presents a review and summarizes current knowledge related to sea-salt and halogen chemistry in the Antarctic. First, presented are the seasonal variations and size distribution of sea-salt aerosols (SSAs). Second, SSA origins and sea-salt fractionation on sea-ice and ice sheets on the Antarctic continent are presented and discussed. Third, we discuss SSA release from the cryosphere. Fourth, we present SSA dispersion in the Antarctic troposphere and transport into inland areas. Fifth, heterogeneous reactions on SSAs as a source of reactive halogen species and their relationship with atmospheric chemistry are shown and discussed. Finally, we attempt to propose an outlook for obtaining better knowledge related to sea-salt and halogen chemistry and their effects on the Antarctic and the Arctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Hara
- Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jyonan, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao G, Vejerano EP. Partitioning of volatile organic compounds to aerosols: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:282-296. [PMID: 30145420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exist mainly in the gas-phase rather than in aerosols, the concentrations of VOCs measured from aerosols are comparable to those of semi-volatile organic compounds, which preferentially partition into aerosols. VOCs that partition into aerosols may raise health effects that are generally not exerted by aerosols or by VOCs alone. So far, only scant reports on VOC/aerosol partitioning are available in the extant literature. In this review, we discuss findings presented in recent studies on the partition mechanism, factors affecting the partition process, existing knowledge gaps, and recommendations to help address these gaps for future research. Also, we have surveyed the different models that can be applied to predict partition coefficients and the inherent advantage and shortcoming of the assumptions in these models. A better understanding of the partition mechanism and partition coefficient of VOCs into aerosols can improve prediction of the global fate and transport of VOCs in the environment and enhance assessment of the health effects from exposure to VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Rao
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, United States
| | - Eric P Vejerano
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hara K, Osada K, Yabuki M, Takashima H, Theys N, Yamanouchi T. Important contributions of sea-salt aerosols to atmospheric bromine cycle in the Antarctic coasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13852. [PMID: 30218011 PMCID: PMC6138753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar sunrise activates reactive bromine (BrOx) cycle on the Antarctic coasts. BrOx chemistry relates to depletion of O3 and Hg in polar regions. Earlier studies have indicated “blowing snow” as a source of atmospheric BrOx. However, surface O3 depletion and BrO enhancement occurs rarely under blowing snow conditions at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Therefore, trigger processes for BrOx activation other than the heterogeneous reactions on blowing snow particles must be considered. Results of this study show that enhancement of sea-salt aerosols (SSA) and heterogeneous reactions on SSA are the main key processes for atmospheric BrOx cycle activation. Blowing snow had Br− enrichment, in contrast to strong Br− depletion in SSA. In-situ aerosol measurements and satellite BrO measurements demonstrated clearly that a BrO plume appeared simultaneously in SSA enhancement near the surface. Results show that surface O3 depletion at Syowa Station occurred in aerosol enhancement because of SSA dispersion during the polar sunrise. Amounts of depleted Br− from SSA were matched well to the tropospheric vertical column density of BrO and BrOx concentrations found in earlier work. Our results indicate that SSA enhancement by strong winds engenders activation of atmospheric BrOx cycles via heterogeneous reactions on SSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Hara
- Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Osada
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Yabuki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Takashima
- Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nicolas Theys
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Vecchiato M, Kehrwald NM, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Levoglucosan and phenols in Antarctic marine, coastal and plateau aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:606-616. [PMID: 26674690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its isolated location, Antarctica is a natural laboratory for studying atmospheric aerosols and pollution in remote areas. Here, we determined levoglucosan and phenolic compounds (PCs) at diverse Antarctic sites: on the plateau, a coastal station and during an oceanographic cruise. Levoglucosan and PCs reached the Antarctic plateau where they were observed in accumulation mode aerosols (with median levoglucosan concentrations of 6.4 pg m(-3) and 4.1 pg m(-3), and median PC concentrations of 15.0 pg m(-3) and 7.3 pg m(-3)). Aged aerosols arrived at the coastal site through katabatic circulation with the majority of the levoglucosan mass distributed on larger particulates (24.8 pg m(-3)), while PCs were present in fine particles (34.0 pg m(-3)). The low levoglucosan/PC ratios in Antarctic aerosols suggest that biomass burning aerosols only had regional, rather than local, sources. General acid/aldehyde ratios were lower at the coastal site than on the plateau. Levoglucosan and PCs determined during the oceanographic cruise were 37.6 pg m(-3) and 58.5 pg m(-3) respectively. Unlike levoglucosan, which can only be produced by biomass burning, PCs have both biomass burning and other sources. Our comparisons of these two types of compounds across a range of Antarctic marine, coastal, and plateau sites demonstrate that local marine sources dominate Antarctic PC concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| |
Collapse
|