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Dada L, Okuljar M, Shen J, Olin M, Wu Y, Heimsch L, Herlin I, Kankaanrinta S, Lampimäki M, Kalliokoski J, Baalbaki R, Lohila A, Petäjä T, Maso MD, Duplissy J, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M. The synergistic role of sulfuric acid, ammonia and organics in particle formation over an agricultural land. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:1195-1211. [PMID: 38014379 PMCID: PMC10413442 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture provides people with food, but poses environmental challenges. Via comprehensive observations on an agricultural land at Qvidja in Southern Finland, we were able to show that soil-emitted compounds (mainly ammonia and amines), together with available sulfuric acid, form new aerosol particles which then grow to climate-relevant sizes by the condensation of extremely low volatile organic compounds originating from a side production of photosynthesis (compounds emitted by ground and surrounding vegetation). We found that intensive local clustering events, with particle formation rates at 3 nm about 5-10 times higher than typical rates in boreal forest environments, occur on around 30% of all days. The requirements for these clustering events to occur were found to be clear sky, a low wind speed to accumulate the emissions from local agricultural land, particularly ammonia, the presence of low volatile organic compounds, and sufficient gaseous sulfuric acid. The local clustering will then contribute to regional new particle formation. Since the agricultural land is much more effective per surface area than the boreal forest in producing aerosol particles, these findings provide insight into the participation of agricultural lands in climatic cooling, counteracting the climatic warming effects of farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Okuljar
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miska Olin
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Laura Heimsch
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Herlin
- Qvidja Research Farm Qvidja 15 21630 Parainen Finland
| | | | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Joni Kalliokoski
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
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Liu L, Li S, Zu H, Zhang X. Unexpectedly significant stabilizing mechanism of iodous acid on iodic acid nucleation under different atmospheric conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:159832. [PMID: 36404466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iodous acid (HIO2) has been shown to play a stabilizing role in the nucleation of iodic acid (HIO3) (He et al., 2021). However, the stabilization effect and specific stabilizing mechanism of HIO2 on HIO3 nucleation under different atmospheric conditions remain unclear. Therefore, we studied these two issues under different temperatures and nucleation precursor concentrations using density functional theory combined with the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code. We found that HIO2 can form clusters with HIO3 via strong hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, and proton-transfer, substantially enhancing the stability of HIO3 clusters and decreasing the energy barrier of HIO3-based cluster formation at different temperatures and nucleation precursor concentrations. The particle formation rate and cluster concentrations of HIO3-HIO2 nucleation were negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with HIO2 concentration. The enhancements by HIO2 on the particle formation rate and cluster concentration of HIO3 nucleation were positively correlated with temperature and HIO2 concentration. Interestingly, even at a low HIO2 concentration (1.0 × 105 molecules cm-3), the enhancement on the particle formation rate and cluster concentration of HIO3 nucleation by HIO2 were both unexpectedly up to 4.1 × 104-fold at 283 K. Therefore, HIO3-HIO2 nucleation can be extremely rapid in cold regions, and the enhancement by HIO2 can be significant, especially in warm regions even at relatively high HIO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Haotian Zu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Xin J, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wu F, Wang L, Lyu Y, Wang Q, Ma Y. Mass and number concentration distribution of marine aerosol in the Western Pacific and the influence of continental transport. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118827. [PMID: 35026327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We quantify for the first time marine aerosol properties and their differences in the offshore and remote ocean in the mid-latitude South Asian waters, low-latitude South Asian waters, and equatorial waters of the Western Pacific Ocean, based on shipboard cruise observations conducted by the Western Pacific Ocean Scientific Observation Network in winter 2018, and further investigate the effects of long-range transport of continental aerosols on the marine environment. During the overall observation period, the average number concentration of particle matter which aerodynamic diameters<2.5 μm (PM2.5N) was 35.1 ± 87.4 cm-3 and the mass concentration (PM2.5M) was 12.3 ± 9.1 μg/m3. The PM2.5N and PM2.5M during the continental air mass transport period were 7.2 and 1.3 times higher than those during the non-transport period (109.2 ± 169.3 cm-3, 15.9 ± 14.9 μg/m3), respectively. Excluding transport period, the average PM2.5N and PM2.5M are reduced by 120% and 7%. Coarse mode particle number concentration (PM2.5-10N) and mass concentration (PM2.5-10M) are not significantly influenced by continental air masses (only a reduction of 7% and 2%). The variation of marine aerosol concentrations in different latitudes zones is greatly influenced by continental aerosol transport. The offshore PM2.5M/PM10M was 30%, 21%, and 22% in the mid-latitude sea of South Asia, a low-latitude sea of South Asia, and the equatorial sea, respectively. In comparison, in the remote ocean, the distribution ratio of PM2.5M/PM10M tended to be steady (22%-23%), and the background characteristics of marine aerosols were clearly represented. The aerosol concentration decreases with the increase of wind speed during the transport period, and the wind speed reflects the scavenging effect on aerosol. In the non-transport period, the wind speed at the sea surface promotes the generation of marine aerosols, and the impact in wind speed is strongest in the PM2.5-PM5 particle size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yilong Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Molecular-scale evidence of aerosol particle formation via sequential addition of HIO 3. Nature 2016; 537:532-534. [PMID: 27580030 PMCID: PMC5136290 DOI: 10.1038/nature19314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous nucleation and subsequent cluster growth leads to the formation of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere1. Nucleation of sulphuric acid and organic vapours is thought to be responsible for new particle formation over continents1,2 while iodine oxide vapours have been implicated in particle formation over coastal regions3–7. Molecular clustering pathways involved in atmospheric particle formation have been elucidated in controlled laboratory studies of chemically simple systems2,8–10. But no direct molecular-level observations of nucleation in atmospheric field conditions involving either sulphuric acid, organic or iodine oxide vapours have been reported to date11. Here we report field data from Mace Head, Ireland and supporting data from northern Greenland and Queen Maud Land, Antarctica that allow for the identification of the molecular steps involved in new particle formation in an iodine-rich, coastal atmospheric environment. We find that the formation and initial growth process is almost exclusively driven by iodine oxoacids and iodine oxide vapours with average resulting cluster O:I ratios of 2.4. Based on the high O:I ratio, together with observed high concentrations of iodic acid, HIO3, we suggest that cluster formation primarily proceeds by sequential addition of iodic acid HIO3, followed by intra-cluster restructuring to I2O5 and recycling of water in the atmosphere or upon drying. Overall, our study provides ambient atmospheric molecular-level observations of nucleation, supporting the previously suggested role of iodine containing species in new particle formation3–7, 12–18, and identifies the key nucleating compound.
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Dall'Osto M, Ceburnis D, Monahan C, Worsnop DR, Bialek J, Kulmala M, Kurtén T, Ehn M, Wenger J, Sodeau J, Healy R, O'Dowd C. Nitrogenated and aliphatic organic vapors as possible drivers for marine secondary organic aerosol growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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