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Ioannidou E, Papagiannis S, Manousakas MI, Vestenius M, Eleftheriadis K, Paatero J, Papadopoulou L, Ioannidou A. Airborne 210Pb, Si, Zn and Pb as tracers for atmospheric pollution in Helsinki metropolitan area. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111252. [PMID: 38422941 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed 16070 daily and 608 weekly air filter samples from the Helsinki metropolitan area collected between 1962 and 2005. The aim was to use the Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) to determine potential sources of silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and radioactive isotope 210Pb. The main sources for Si and Pb were industrial activities, particularly mining, metal industry, and traffic. Common source areas for Zn and 210Pb were identified in the eastern and southeastern parts of the measuring site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Ioannidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Physics, Nuclear Physics & Elementary Particle Physics Division, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Papagiannis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institue of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Ioannis Manousakas
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mika Vestenius
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Observation Services, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Jussi Paatero
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Observation Services, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lambrini Papadopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ioannidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Physics, Nuclear Physics & Elementary Particle Physics Division, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
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Debi M, Wang J, Bi Q, Xu R, Aftabuddin S, Cukrov N, Du J. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of 210Pb in bulk precipitation at the Adriatic coast, Croatia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115353. [PMID: 37572432 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric bulk depositional fluxes of 210Pb were measured at a station on the Adriatic coast, Croatia over 4 years period from March 2017 to December 2020. The monthly depositional fluxes followed oceanic deposition patterns with a lower flux between 0.0735 and 16.9 Bq m-2 month-1. The volume-weighted activities were 0.000514 and 1.35 Bq L-1 and decreased with increasing precipitation. A clear seasonal trend was observed with higher depositional flux in autumn and minimum value in the winter season. The average annual bulk depositional flux and volume-weighted activities of 210Pb were 73.8 Bq m-2 y-1 and 0.119 Bq L-1 respectively. The precipitation normalized enrichment factor (α) indicates higher depositional fluxes of 210Pb during summer and spring than desired value according to the amount of precipitation. We found that the 210Pb depositional fluxes in the coastal stations are lower due to 210Pb-depleted oceanic air masses and increase with the amount of precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milki Debi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000062, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000062, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000062, PR China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000062, PR China
| | - Sheikh Aftabuddin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000062, PR China
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3
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Barba-Lobo A, Bolívar JP. A new efficiency calibration methodology for different atmospheric filter geometries by using coaxial Ge detectors. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1207-1214. [PMID: 37303963 PMCID: PMC10000343 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the different pollutants present in atmospheric aerosols such as trace elements and radionuclides is essential to assess the air quality. To analyze the particulate matter (PM), atmospheric filters with different dimensions and geometries (rectangular, circular, slotted, and square filters) are usually employed. Regarding the pollutants existing in atmospheric aerosols, radionuclides are usually analyzed due to their multiple applications such as either in the environmental radiological control or as tracers of atmospheric processes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new and general methodology to calibrate in efficiency coaxial Ge detectors to properly determine radionuclides present in the PM by gamma-ray spectrometry for several filter types. For this, granular certified reference materials (CRM) containing only natural radionuclides (238U-series, 232Th-series, and 40 K) were selected. Several granular solid CRMs were chosen allowing us to reproduce the same PM deposition geometry and to assure the homogeneity of the added CRMs. These are the main advantages in relation to the typical methods that use liquid CRMs. Furthermore, for filters whose surfaces are relatively large, they were cut in several pieces and placed one on top of the other, achieving the same geometry than the PM deposited onto the filter. Then, the experimental full-energy peak efficiencies (FEPEs) were obtained for each energy of interest (Eγ) and they were fitted versus Eγ, finding a general FEPE function for each filter type. Finally, this methodology was validated for both natural and artificial radionuclides (from 46 to 1332 keV) by using different filter types employed in proficiency test exercises, obtaining |zscore|< 2 for all cases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-023-01336-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Barba-Lobo
- Radiation Physics and Environment Group (FRYMA), Department of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - J. P. Bolívar
- Radiation Physics and Environment Group (FRYMA), Department of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
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Hernández-Ceballos MA, Brattich E, Ajtić J. Airflow and teleconnection patterns driving the spatial and temporal variability of high 7Be air concentrations in Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135194. [PMID: 35660056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term monitoring of the cosmogenic 7Be activity concentrations has been used to better understand the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation dynamics in the troposphere. With an aim, this study analyzes weekly 7Be data from 15 sampling stations in Europe over 2005-2014. We first define peak (or extremely high) events in each station as those activity concentrations above the 90th percentile, and then investigate their temporal and spatial variability. These events are most frequent in the spring and summer seasons, with a notable latitudinal variability in their number. Next, we use back-trajectory cluster analysis to identify the main advection pathways associated with these high concentrations. To achieve this, persistent periods, i.e., sampling periods over which at least 60% of the calculated backward trajectories arriving at a given site correspond to the same airflow pattern, are taken as reference. This method reveals large differences in the association between the airflow patterns observed at different stations in connection with the 7Be peaks. A comparison between stations shows no clear spatial pattern, which suggests a further influence of mesoscale/local physical processes on the surface 7Be activity concentrations. Finally, the main airflow pattern at each sampling site and the associated 7Be peaks, are related to the main teleconnection patterns of large scale and regional climate variability in Europe: North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, East Atlantic, East Atlantic/Western Russia, Scandinavian pattern and Western Mediterranean Oscillation. The results point out the connection between the negative phases of NAO and We-MO, and the positive phase of EA with the spatial and temporal variability and occurrence of the 7Be peak activity concentrations. These results show a latitudinal division between northern and southern sites, with similar influence of teleconnection patterns, while those located in the central part of Europe present larger variability in the impact of teleconnection patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Brattich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - J Ajtić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu X, Fu Y, Wang Q, Bi Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Xian F, Cheng P, Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhou W. Unraveling the process of aerosols secondary formation and removal based on cosmogenic beryllium-7 and beryllium-10. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153293. [PMID: 35090914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The secondary formation and diffusion processes of aerosol are extraordinarily complex and significantly impact the environment and human health. Therefore, exploring the process of aerosol formation and diffusion based on independent new tracer has always been a concern. The 7Be and 10Be, which are generated only by the action of cosmic rays, are chemically stable and adsorbed on aerosol for transmission, so they have the potential characteristics of aerosol tracers. Here, we obtained the daily resolution atmospheric 7Be, 10Be, and 10Be/7Be without dust interference in Xi'an autumn and winter (heavy pollution period in a typical polluted area) by accelerator mass spectrometry. It is found that during the rapid formation of secondary aerosols (SA) under the stable 10Be/7Be ratio, which indicates the stable atmospheric vertical structure, the concentration of 7Be and 10Be is significantly negatively correlated (R2 > 0.9) with the aerosol concentration. Therefore, SA relative content in aerosols can be estimated by the dilution amount of 7Be and 10Be to reveal the secondary-formation process of aerosol (33% average contribution to aerosols during the winter heavy air pollution period). Furthermore, we also revealed the physical removal process of aerosols based on 7Be, 10Be, and 10Be/7Be, including precipitation removal and diffusion of vertical atmospheric movement caused by stratospheric air intrusion. In summary, meteoric cosmogenic 7Be and 10Be will provide a new way to study the secondary chemical formation and physical removal of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xi'an Earth Environment Innovation Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yunchong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanting Bi
- Xi'an Earth Environment Innovation Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Feng Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiamao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi'an AMS Center of IEECAS, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Earth Environment Innovation Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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6
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Morera-Gómez Y, Alonso-Hernández CM, Cartas-Águila HA. 10-Years assessment of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric bulk depositions in Cienfuegos (Cuba). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 246:106831. [PMID: 35144201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
10-years records of monthly bulk atmospheric fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb (wet + dry, n = 119 samples) at a coastal station in Cienfuegos (Cuba) between 2010 and 2019 were reported and assessed in function of their temporal variability and meteorological influence. Fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb ranged from 120 to 15617 and from 29 to 911 mBq m-2 day-1, respectively. Both radionuclides exhibited a similar seasonal trend with highest values during wet months and minimum values during dry months. The removal of 7Be and 210Pb from the atmosphere was mainly controlled by wet depositions, while dry deposition was estimated to be more important for 210Pb (29% of the total bulk deposition) than for 7Be (12%). The 210Pb/7Be ratios (average of 0.10) showed low variability during wet months with abrupt peaks in the driest months with low temperatures and the highest wind speed and pressure, which was mainly attributed to contributions from soil resuspension. The calculated total deposition velocity of aerosols derived from 7Be (average of 0.48 cm s-1) and 210Pb (average of 0.47 cm s-1) was in agreement with values reported in the literature. Multiple linear regression models for the monthly fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb based on precipitation, temperature and pressure and explaining about 60% of their variances were derived, highlighting the preponderant role of the local and regional conditions on the variability of these radionuclides. The annual fluxes of 7Be (209-1901 Bq m-2 y-1) and 210Pb (35-123 Bq m-2 y-1) were in the range of variations observed in other coastal stations worldwide, showing fluctuations affected by changes in the amount of precipitation during the wet periods. 7Be annual variability also evidenced a significant modulation with the solar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Morera-Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5. Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - Carlos Manuel Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5. Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
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7
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Kong YC, Lee OSM, Yung CH. Study of the naturally occurring radionuclide Beryllium-7 (Be-7) in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 246:106850. [PMID: 35231730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beryllium-7 (Be-7) is one of the naturally occurring radionuclides being monitored under the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme of the World Meteorological Organization. Be-7 mainly originates from cosmic rays. It can be used as a tracer to facilitate understanding of the atmospheric vertical transport by observing its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The Hong Kong Observatory has been operating an environmental radiation monitoring programme for decades, and long record of Be-7 activity concentration data in airborne particulate samples are available to characterize the behaviour of Be-7 in the lower atmosphere in Hong Kong. In this study, Be-7 activity concentration data of airborne particulates collected at three locations in Hong Kong from 1993 to 2020 are examined. Temporal variations are analyzed. In particular, the long-term monthly average Be-7 activity concentrations are found to be most sensitive to precipitation. The relevant data analysis, as well as key factors affecting the Be-7 activity concentrations in the lower atmosphere in Hong Kong, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kong
- Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - C H Yung
- Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China
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Cuesta E, Barba-Lobo A, Lozano R, San Miguel E, Mosqueda F, Bolívar J. A comparative study of alternative methods for 210Pb determination in environmental samples. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Landis JD, Renshaw CE, Kaste JM. Sorption Behavior and Aerosol-Particulate Transitions of 7Be, 10Be, and 210Pb: A Basis for Fallout Radionuclide Chronometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14957-14967. [PMID: 34622656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the partitioning of 7Be, 10Be, and 210Pb aerosols between operationally dissolved and >0.5 μm particulate fractions in wet and dry atmospheric deposition. Bulk deposition in situ-log(KD) averaged 4.27 ± 0.46 for 7Be and 4.79 ± 0.59 for 210Pb (±SD, n = 163), with corresponding activity-fractions particulate (fP) = 24 and 48%. KD was inversely correlated with particulate mass concentration (pC), a particle concentration effect (p.c.e.) that indicates that dissolved 7Be and 210Pb are bound to submicron colloids. Experimental desorption-KD was higher than in situ by a factor of 20 for 7Be and 4 for 210Pb (n = 27), indicating that FRN sorption to particulates was irreversible. 7Be:10Be ratios confirmed that colloidal and particulate fractions were geochemically distinct, with corresponding ages of 120 ± 30 and 260 ± 45 days, respectively [mean ± SE, n = 9, p = 0.011]. Fractions particulate fBe7, fBe10, and fPb210 each increased with 7Be:10Be bulk age, a particle-age effect (p.a.e). In multiple regression, fBe7 was best predicted by N, Mn, Al, and Ni [R2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001], whereas fPb relied on N, S, Fe, and Mn [R2 = 0.69, p < 0.0001]. Despite differences in magnitude and controls on partitioning, the ratio fBe:fPb converged to 1 with pC in the range of 10-100 mg L-1. Given sufficient solid surfaces, irreversible sorption and p.a.e. form a basis for 7Be:210Pb chronometry of aerosol biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Landis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 19 Fayerweather Hill Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Carl E Renshaw
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, 19 Fayerweather Hill Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - James M Kaste
- Geology Department, The College of William and Mary, McGlothlin-Street Hall 217, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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Hu J, Sha Z, Wang J, Du J, Ma Y. Atmospheric deposition of 7Be, 210Pb in Xining, a typical city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Leppänen AP. Deposition of naturally occurring 7Be and 210Pb in Northern Finland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:105995. [PMID: 31254861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents observations of naturally occurring 7Be and 210Pb in total deposition collected in three deposition sampling stations located in three towns in Northern Finland at Rovaniemi, Sodankylä and Ivalo. The deposition samples were measured in three-month intervals and the collected data covered the years from 1991 to 2017 in Rovaniemi and the years from 1999 to 2017 in Sodankylä and Ivalo. The 7Be deposition was observed to be dependent on the amount of precipitation where higher amount of precipitation meant higher 7Be deposition. The 7Be deposition showed a distinctive seasonal cycle where the highest 7Be deposition values were observed occur during July-September and the lowest values during January-March. From the annual total deposition 72-84% occurred during the months of April-September (2nd and 3rd quarters). The precipitation normalized enrichment factor (α) determined the excess or deficiency of 7Be relative to the amount of rain. The most excess of 7Be in the deposition was observed during April-June (2nd quarter) while the most 7Be depleted precipitation occurred during January-March (1st quarter). The large excess of 7Be in precipitation during April-June (2nd quarter) was an indication of injections of 7Be rich stratospheric air into troposphere. By using simultaneously collected 7Be aerosol concentration data at Rovaniemi and Ivalo, the 7Be deposition velocities were determined. The deposition velocities (VD) were also found to have a strong seasonal cycle where low velocities were observed during winter and higher ones during summer. The 7Be deposition time series were also compared with other time series that are known to affect ground level 7Be aerosol concentrations. These were precipitation, sunspot number (SSN), galactic cosmic ray flux (GCR), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Scandinavian Pattern (SCAND) indices. The Pearson correlation and wavelet coherence (WTC) was used to analyze possible correlations between the time series. The analyses showed that the coherences were location dependent. Rovaniemi 7Be deposition data correlated strongly with rain and weakly with the SCAND index at the 6-8 year scale. The Sodankylä 7Be deposition data correlated strongly with the precipitation and SSN and GCR and weakly with AO and NAO indices. Ivalo 7Be deposition data correlated with strongly with 7Be aerosol concentration data, SSN, GCR and NAO index and weakly with the AO index. The WTC analysis revealed anti-phase coherences with the AO and NAO indices at 4-6 year scale. The 210Pb deposition data was sparse and only available from 2011 onwards. 210Pb deposition had a seasonal cycle where higher deposition values were observed during summer and lower ones deposition during winter. The annual 210Pb deposition was determined at Rovaniemi and Sodankylä during 2014. The values of 7Be/210Pb ratio was found to vary significantly seasonally, higher 7Be/210Pb ratios were measured during summer and lower ones during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari-Pekka Leppänen
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority - STUK, Lähteentie 2, 96400, Rovaniemi, Finland.
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Houali A, Azahra M, El Bardouni T, Ferro García MA, Piňero García F, Chham E. Impact of the meteorological parameters on the behaviour of 7Be at ground level in Tetouan city, Morocco from June 2015 to February 2017. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Filizok I, Uğur Görgün A. Atmospheric depositional characteristics of 210Po, 210Pb and some trace elements in İzmir, Turkey. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:468-475. [PMID: 30594798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The total atmospheric deposition rates of 210Po, 210Pb and some trace elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Tl, Pb and U) have been determined for a year (November 2014-October 2015) collecting samples monthly using bulk collectors at three sites in İzmir, Turkey (Aliağa, Bornova, and Dikili). The annual 210Po flux was found as 34.8 Bq m-2 y-1 in Aliağa, 29.2 Bq m-2 y-1 in Bornova, 21.1 Bq m-2 y-1 in Dikili; the annual 210Pb flux was found as 41.7 Bq m-2 y-1 in Aliağa, 43.6 Bq m-2 y-1 in Bornova, 28.6 Bq m-2 y-1 in Dikili. The annual depositional fluxes of 210Po and 210Pb were generally correlated with the amount of precipitation. For most trace elements the highest fluxes were observed in Aliağa, while the lowest fluxes were observed in Dikili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işık Filizok
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Uğur Görgün
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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San Miguel EG, Hernández-Ceballos MA, García-Mozo H, Bolívar JP. Evidences of different meteorological patterns governing 7Be and 210Pb surface levels in the southern Iberian Peninsula. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:1-10. [PMID: 30557786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
7Be, 210Pb and PM10 levels in surface air have been simultaneously measured at two sampling sites in the southern Iberian Peninsula for a period of two years. Each site covers one different meteorological area of the Guadalquivir valley, from the mouth (Huelva) to the middle point (Cordoba). The objective of the present study is to analyse the spatial variability of both natural radionuclides, and to identify and characterise the meteorological patterns associated with similar and different surface concentration levels in this complex region. Concentrations are similar in both sampling sites. 7Be level is in the 0.6-15.5 mBq m-3 range in Huelva and 1.2-13.3 mBq m-3 in Córdoba, 210Pb activity concentrations are between 0.04 and 2.30 mBq m-3 in Huelva, and between 0.03 and 1.2 mBq m-3 in Cordoba, and PM10 concentrations are found to be in the 5.1-81.3 μg m-3 range in Huelva, and 8.2-76.3 μg m-3 in Cordoba, respectively. A linear regression analysis indicates more regional variability for 210Pb than for 7Be between simultaneous measurements. Principal components analysis (PCA) is applied to the datasets and the results reveal that aerosol behaviour is mainly represented by two components, which explain 82% of the total variance. The analysis of surface measurements and meteorological parameters revealed that component F1 groups sampling periods in which the influence of similar meteorological conditions over the region lead to similar 7Be, 210Pb and PM10 concentration levels in both sampling sites. On the other hand, component F2 detaches the 7Be, 210Pb and PM10 concentration levels between monitoring sites, and the meteorological analysis shows how surface concentrations within this component are associated with the development of different mesoscale circulations in each part of the valley. The identification of sampling periods characterised by differences in surface concentrations and wind patterns between stations suggests that the valley could not be considered as one single unit for certain meteorological scenarios. These results evidence how the understanding of wind characteristics within a complex terrain provide some essential knowledge in the regionalization and/or optimization of monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G San Miguel
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Area of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | | | - H García-Mozo
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood, Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J P Bolívar
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Area of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain
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15
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Mohan MP, D'Souza RS, Rashmi Nayak S, Kamath SS, Shetty T, Sudeep Kumara K, Yashodhara I, Mayya YS, Karunakara N. A study of temporal variations of 7Be and 210Pb concentrations and their correlations with rainfall and other parameters in the South West Coast of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:194-207. [PMID: 29982004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a part of establishing a regional database on natural radioactivity, the atmospheric concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be were measured over a three and half year period (2014-2017) in Mangalore and Kaiga in the South West Coast of India. A total of 99 air samples, collected in the different months of the year, were analysed in this study. The mean activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb were found to be 5.5 ± 3.1 mBq m-3 and 1.1 ± 0.73 mBq m-3, respectively. Both the radionuclides exhibited strong seasonal variations, with maximum concentration of 7Be occurring in the summer and that of 210Pb in the winter season. The concentration of both the radionuclides was minimum in the rainy season. Higher 210Pb concentration during winter was attributed to the ingression of continental air masses due to the wind regime from the North East. The sunspot number index of the solar activity also plays an important role in the increase and decrease of 7Be concentration in the air. A clear trend of increased and lowered concentration of 7Be with lower and higher solar activity (low and high sunspot number), respectively, in accordance with the 11-year solar cycle, was observed in this study. The temporal variation of PM10 concentration was also studied and it showed maximum value in the winter and minimum in the rainy season with an average of 56.9 μg m-3. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the PM10 and 210Pb activity concentration, whereas a weak correlation was observed between PM10 and 7Be. This is due to the fact that 7Be is largely associated with sub-micrometer size particles, whereas PM10 is contributed by larger sizes. The dependence of the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb with meteorological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity was studied through linear regression analysis. A significant correlation was observed between 7Be and 210Pb concentrations with rainfall intensity (with identical correlation coefficients), which suggested that the removal mechanisms of these two radionuclides were similar. 7Be showed a strong correlation with temperature, whereas 210Pb with humidity. A comparison of the data obtained in the present study for the South West Coast of India with the global literature values of 7Be and 210Pb in aerosols showed that the values did not reflect the well-known latitudinal dependence of the 7Be tropospheric fluxes. Overall, the study provides an improved understanding of the correlation and variability of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in the atmosphere in the South West Coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Srinivas S Kamath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Trilochana Shetty
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - I Yashodhara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Y S Mayya
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India.
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16
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Kremenchutskii DA. Distribution of beryllium-7 ( 7Be) in the Black Sea in the summer of 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31569-31578. [PMID: 30206829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of 7Be activity in the surface layer of the Black Sea was studied using the data of field observations made during the 87th cruise of R/V Professor Vodyanitskii. Activity of 7Be varied spatially from 4.6 to 9.5 Bq m-3 (mean 7.5 ± 1.3 Bq m-3) where about 9% was found on suspended matter. The minimum values of activity were typical for samples taken in the shelf waters and the maximum-offshore. The influence of different factors on 7Be activity was analyzed. It was revealed that variation of both 7Be wet deposition on the sea surface and concentration of suspended matter were the most significant for spatiotemporal variability of 7Be activity in seawater during the study period. The estimates of 7Be distribution coefficient between dissolved and particulate forms were obtained. This coefficient varied from 1.5·105 to 2.4·105 L kg-1, averaged (1.9 ± 0.3)·105 L kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Kremenchutskii
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS", Kapitanskaya Street, 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011.
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17
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Ajtić J, Brattich E, Sarvan D, Djurdjevic V, Hernández-Ceballos MA. Factors affecting the 7Be surface concentration and its extremely high occurrences over the Scandinavian Peninsula during autumn and winter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:278-285. [PMID: 29448195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between the beryllium-7 activity concentrations in surface air and meteorological parameters (temperature, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation), teleconnection indices (Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Scandinavian pattern) and number of sunspots are investigated using two multivariate statistical techniques: hierarchical cluster and factor analysis. The beryllium-7 surface measurements over 1995-2011, at four sampling sites located in the Scandinavian Peninsula, are obtained from the Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring Database. In all sites, the statistical analyses show that the beryllium-7 concentrations are strongly linked to temperature. Although the beryllium-7 surface concentration exhibits the well-characterised spring/summer maximum, our study shows that extremely high beryllium-7 concentrations, defined as the values exceeding the 90th percentile in the data records for each site, also occur over the October-March period. Two types of autumn/winter extremes are distinguished: type-1 when the number of extremes in a given month is less than three, and type-2 when at least three extremes occur in a month. Factor analysis performed for these autumn/winter events shows a weaker effect of temperature and a stronger impact of the transport and production signal on the beryllium-7 concentrations. Further, the majority of the type-2 extremes are associated with a very high monthly Scandinavian teleconnection index. The type-2 extremes that occurred in January, February and March are also linked to sudden stratospheric warmings of the Arctic vortex. Our results indicate that the Scandinavian teleconnection index might be a good indicator of the meteorological conditions facilitating extremely high beryllium-7 surface concentrations over Scandinavia during autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ajtić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - E Brattich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - D Sarvan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - V Djurdjevic
- Institute of Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - M A Hernández-Ceballos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safety Unit Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring Group, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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18
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Kremenchutskii DA, Dymova OA, Batrakov GF, Konovalov SK. Numerical simulation of the intra-annual evolution of beryllium-7 ( 7Ве) in the surface layer of the Black Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11120-11127. [PMID: 29411285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A numerical model simulating the distribution of 7Ве in the Black Sea was developed and applied to study the spatial and temporal variations in the content of 7Be in the surface waters. Variations in the distribution of 7Ве were analyzed for the period from January to December of 2012. The average seasonal content of 7Ве in the surface layer ranges from 2.2 to 6.2 Bq m-3. The maximum concentration is typical for the eastern part of the sea in winter to spring, and the minimum concentration is typical for the central and western parts of the sea in summer. The seasonally averaged activity of 7Ве on suspended matter ranges from 440 to 1560 Bq kg-1. The highest values are observed in the sea in winter to spring, and the lowest values are typically observed in the central and western parts of the sea in summer. It was revealed that the adsorption of 7Ве on suspended matter is most significant for the evolution of the content of this radionuclide in shelf waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Kremenchutskii
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS", Kapitanskaya Street, 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011.
| | - Olga A Dymova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS", Kapitanskaya Street, 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
| | - Gennady F Batrakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS", Kapitanskaya Street, 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
| | - Sergey K Konovalov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS", Kapitanskaya Street, 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
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19
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Dovhyi II, Kremenchutskii DA, Proskurnin VY, Kozlovskaya ON. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of cosmogenic 32P, 33P and 7Be in the Sevastopol region. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Dueñas C, Gordo E, Liger E, Cabello M, Cañete S, Pérez M, Torre-Luque PDL. 7Be, 210Pb and 40K depositions over 11 years in Málaga. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 178-179:325-334. [PMID: 28965023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The monthly bulk depositional fluxes of three natural radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb and 40K) were measured at a Mediterranean coastal station (Málaga) over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015. The mean annual depositional fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K were 1215, 144 and 67 Bq m-2 year-1 respectively, showing a clear seasonal trend with minimum values recorded during summer and maximum values in winter. The rainfall regime with dry summers allows estimating the dry deposition. Assuming constant dry deposition through each year, 7Be, 210Pb and 40K would account for 12.5, 26.5 and 33% of the bulk fallout respectively which indicates that deposition for 210Pb and 40K are significantly higher than 7Be. The precipitation-normalized enrichment factor alpha used to explain seasonal variations in the depositional fluxes of radionuclides with respect the rainfall, indicates higher depositional fluxes during spring and summer than expected from the amount of rainfall. Despite their different origin, 210Pb and 7Be monthly depositional fluxes have strong correlation. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K were controlled mainly by the amount of rainfall (r = 0.89, 0.91 and 0.66 respectively). Moreover, principal component analysis was applied to the datasets and deposition of radionuclides and rainfall in the same component highlighting the importance of the washout mechanism. The mean depositional velocity of aerosols evaluated using 7Be and 210Pb are similar and are compared to other published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dueñas
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - E Gordo
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Liger
- Department of Applied Physics II, Technical College Informatic Engineering, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Cabello
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - S Cañete
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Radiology and Health Physics, Ophthalmology and OTI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - P de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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21
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Gellis AC, Fuller CC, Van Metre PC. Sources and ages of fine-grained sediment to streams using fallout radionuclides in the Midwestern United States. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 194:73-85. [PMID: 27566936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fallout radionuclides, 7Be and 210Pbex, sampled in bed sediment for 99 watersheds in the Midwestern region of the United States and in 15 samples of suspended sediment from 3 of these watersheds were used to partition upland from channel sources and to estimate the age or the time since the surface-derived portion of sediment was on the land surface (0-∼1 year). Channel sources dominate: 78 of the 99 bed material sites (79%) have >50% channel-derived sediment, and 9 of the 15 suspended-sediment samples (60%) have >50% channel-derived sediment. 7Be was detected in 82 bed sediment samples and all 15 suspended-sediment samples. The surface-derived portion of 54 of the 80 (68%) streams with detectable 7Be and 210Pbex were ≤ 100 days old and the surface-derived portion of all suspended-sediment samples were ≤ 100 days old, indicating that surface-derived fine-grained sediment moves rapidly though these systems. The concentrations of two hydrophobic pesticides-DDE and bifenthrin-are correlated with the proportion of surface-derived sediment, indicating a link between geomorphic processes and particle-associated contaminants in streams. Urban areas had the highest pesticide concentrations and the largest percentage of surface-derived sediment. Although the percentage of surface-derived sediment is less than channel sources at most of the study sites, the relatively young age of the surface-derived sediment might indicate that management actions to reduce sediment contamination where the land surface is an important source could have noticeable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C Gellis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-DC Water Science Center, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
| | | | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Water Science Center, Austin, TX 78754 USA
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22
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Hernández-Ceballos MA, Brattich E, Lozano RL, Cinelli G. 7Be behaviour and meteorological conditions associated with 7Be peak events in Spain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 166:17-26. [PMID: 27067370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work regards a comprehensive analysis of the overall distribution of 7Be activity concentrations in Spain and the synoptic meteorological conditions associated with the highest 7Be peaks (>8 mBq/m3). The use of four sampling stations (Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, and Sevilla) included in REMdb, with different latitudinal location, as well as the relatively long time period used in this study (2001-2010), allowed to improve the understanding of 7Be spatio-temporal distribution in Spain. The comparison of the 7Be activity concentrations mean values indicated a north-south gradient (from 3.1 ± 1.1 mBq/m3 in Bilbao to 4.0 ± 1.8 mBq/m3 in Sevilla), even though not statistically significant (as indicated by the t-test). However, the analysis of frequency distributions and temporal evolutions of 7Be activity concentrations have suggested the presence of two main areas, namely northern (Bilbao and Barcelona) and southern (Sevilla) Spain. The identification and analysis of periods associated with the highest values of 7Be have allowed studying the different synoptic patterns associated with stratospheric-tropospheric transport (STT). In particular, three episodes (one in the north and two in the south) potentially associated with vigorous STT have been identified and analysed in detail. The results displayed that the omega block configuration, extending either over western Russia and Scandinavia or into the Atlantic Ocean, forced the prevailing jet stream to the northeast and south of Spain respectively with subsequent subsidence. In summer, this blocking configuration at high latitudes was combined with the presence of the Azores high pressure system to the west of Spain, affecting the 7Be activity concentration recorded in the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hernández-Ceballos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - E Brattich
- Environ. Chemistry and Radioactivity Lab., Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - R L Lozano
- Maraf Aviator Sciences, Baza, Granada, Spain
| | - G Cinelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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23
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Factors controlling temporal variability of gamma radionuclides and major-ions of bulk deposition in Málaga. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Blasco M, Gázquez MJ, Pérez-Moreno SM, Grande JA, Valente T, Santisteban M, de la Torre ML, Bolívar JP. Polonium behaviour in reservoirs potentially affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW of Spain). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 152:60-69. [PMID: 26650826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The province of Huelva is one of the areas most affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) in the world, which can produce big enhancements and fractionations in the waters affected by AMD. There are very few studies on this issue, and none on polonium-210. Twenty-two water reservoirs were sampled, and the (210)Po was measured in both dissolution and particulate phases. The (210)Po concentrations in the waters were in the same order of magnitude to those ones for unperturbed systems, although the data published to particulate matter are very scarce. A mean value and standard uncertainty for (210)Po of 0.25 ± 0.03 mBq L(-1) in the dissolved matter, and 62 ± 9 mBq g(-1) in the particulate matter can be established as base line for the reservoirs of the Huelva area. The distribution coefficients (kd) range from 10(4) to 10(6) L kg(-1), in agreement to the found ones by other authors for the case of neutral waters, but being the lowest values for the more acidic reservoirs. It has been also found that (210)Po has a high tendency to be associated to the particulate matter for neutral-alkaline waters, however, under extreme acid conditions (pH < 3), increases the Po tendency to be associated to the dissolved phase. Therefore, the main conclusion obtained in this work is that AMD has no a significant influence on the total activity concentration of (210)Po in the waters of reservoirs, but the acidity has a clear influence on its distribution between both dissolved and the particulate phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blasco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - M J Gázquez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - S M Pérez-Moreno
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - J A Grande
- Centro de Investigación para la Ingeniería en Minería Sostenible, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - T Valente
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; Instituto de Ciências da Terra - Polo de Braga, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Santisteban
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; Centro de Investigación para la Ingeniería en Minería Sostenible, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - M L de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación para la Ingeniería en Minería Sostenible, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - J P Bolívar
- Centro de Investigación para la Ingeniería en Minería Sostenible, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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25
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Hernández-Ceballos MA, Cinelli G, Ferrer MM, Tollefsen T, De Felice L, Nweke E, Tognoli PV, Vanzo S, De Cort M. A climatology of ⁷Be in surface air in European Union. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 141:62-70. [PMID: 25544729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a European-wide analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the cosmogenic isotope (7)Be in surface air. This is the first time that a long term database of 34 sampling sites that regularly provide data to the Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring (REM) network, managed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, is used. While temporal coverage varies between stations, some of them have delivered data more or less continuously from 1984 to 2011. The station locations were considerably heterogeneous, both in terms of latitude and altitude, a range which should ensure a high degree of representativeness of the results. The mean values of (7)Be activity concentration presented a spatial distribution value ranging from 2.0 to 5.4 mBq/m(3) over the European Union. The results of the ANOVA analysis of all (7)Be data available indicated that its temporal and spatial distributions were mainly explained by the location and characteristic of the sampling sites rather than its temporal distribution (yearly, seasonal and monthly). Higher (7)Be concentrations were registered at the middle, compared to high-latitude, regions. However, there was no correlation with altitude, since all stations are sited within the atmospheric boundary layer. In addition, the total and yearly analyses of the data indicated a dynamic range of (7)Be activity for each solar cycle and phase (maximum or minimum), different impact on stations having been observed according to their location. Finally, the results indicated a significant seasonal and monthly variation for (7)Be activity concentration across the European Union, with maximum concentrations occurring in the summer and minimum in the winter, although with differences in the values reached. The knowledge of the horizontal and vertical distribution of this natural radionuclide in the atmosphere is a key parameter for modelling studies of atmospheric processes, which are important phenomena to be taken into account in the case of a nuclear accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hernández-Ceballos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.
| | - G Cinelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M Marín Ferrer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - T Tollefsen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - L De Felice
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - E Nweke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - P V Tognoli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - S Vanzo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M De Cort
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
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Persson BRR, Holm E. (7)Be, (210)Pb, and (210)Po in the surface air from the Arctic to Antarctica. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 138:364-374. [PMID: 24525181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated the activity concentrations of (210)Pb, (210)Po as well as (7)Be in surface air of the North and South Atlantic (1988-1989), the Arctic Ocean (1991), and along the coastline of Siberia (1994) during succeeding expeditions in the Swedish Polar Research program. During the cruises in the Arctic Ocean during 1991-07-28 to 1991-10-04 the average air concentrations of (7)Be was 0.6 ± 0.4 mBq/m(3), (210)Pb 40 ± 4 μBq/m(3) and (210)Po-38 ± 10 μBq/m(3). During the Swedish-Russian Tundra Ecology-94 expedition along the Siberian coastline the average air concentrations of (7)Be and (210)Pb measured during May-July were 11 ± 3, and 2.4 ± 0.4 mBq/m(3), and during July-September they were 7.2 ± 2 and 2.7 ± 1.1 mBq/m(3) respectively. The results from measurements of the activity concentration of (210)Pb in the air over the Arctic Ocean vary between 75 and 176 μBq/m(3). In the air close to land masses, however, the activity concentration of (210)Pb in the air increases to 269-2712 μBq/m(3). The activity concentration of (7)Be in the South Atlantic during the cruise down to Antarctica varied between 1.3 and 1.7 with an average of 1.5 ± 0.8 mBq/m(3). The activity concentration of (210)Pb in the South Atlantic down to Antarctica varied between 6 and 14 μBq/m(3). At the Equator the activity concentration recorded in November 1988 was 630 μBq/m(3) and in April 1989 it was 260 μBq/m(3). The average activity concentration of (210)Pb during the route Gothenburg-Montevideo in 1988 was 290 and on the return Montevideo-Gothenburg it was 230 μBq/m(3). The activity concentration of (210)Po in the South Atlantic down to Antarctica varied between 15 and 58 μBq/m(3). At the Equator the activity concentration in November 1988 was 170 and in April 1989 it was 70 μBq/m(3). The average activity concentration of (210)Po during the route Gothenburg-Montevideo in 1988 was 63 and on the return Montevideo-Gothenburg it was 60 μBq/m(3). The average of the activity concentrations in the Antarctic air of (210)Pb was 27 ± 10 μBq/m(3) and of (210)Po it was 12 ± 7 μBq/m(3). All our results were compiled together with other published data, and the global latitudinal distribution of (210)Pb was converted to total annual deposition (Bq/m(2)/a) and fitted to a 4th degree polynomial. By using the global latitudinal distribution of (210)Po/(210)Pb-activity ratio from our own results the global latitudinal distribution of (210)Po annual deposition was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil R R Persson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Barngatan 2, SE 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Elis Holm
- Department of radiation physics, Sahlgren Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Paatero J, Vaaramaa K, Buyukay M, Hatakka J, Lehto J. Deposition of atmospheric 210Pb and total beta activity in Finland. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Landis JD, Renshaw CE, Kaste JM. Quantitative retention of atmospherically deposited elements by native vegetation is traced by the fallout radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12022-12030. [PMID: 25254326 DOI: 10.1021/es503351u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is the primary mechanism by which remote environments are impacted by anthropogenic contaminants. Vegetation plays a critical role in intercepting atmospheric aerosols, thereby regulating the timing and magnitude of both contaminant and nutrient delivery to underlying soils. However, quantitative models describing the fate of atmospherically derived elements on vegetation are limited by a lack of long-term measurements of both atmospheric flux and foliar concentrations. We addressed this gap in understanding by quantifying weekly atmospheric deposition of the naturally occurring radionuclide tracers (7)Be and (210)Pb, as well as their activities in leaves of colocated trees, for three years in New Hampshire, U.S. The accumulation of both (7)Be and (210)Pb in deciduous and coniferous vegetation is predicted by a model that is based solely on measured atmospheric fluxes, duration of leaf exposure, and radioactive decay. Any "wash off" processes that remove (7)Be and (210)Pb from foliage operate with a maximum half-time of greater than 370 days (P > 99%), which is an order of magnitude longer than previously assumed. The retention of both (7)Be and (210)Pb on leaves is thus quantitative and permanent, coupling the fate of (7)Be, (210)Pb and similar atmospheric species to that of the leaf matter itself. These findings demonstrate that the long-standing paradigm of a short "environmental half-life" for atmospheric contaminants deposited on natural surfaces must be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Landis
- Department of Earth Science, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Conaway CH, Storlazzi CD, Draut AE, Swarzenski PW. Short-term variability of 7Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 120:94-103. [PMID: 23474944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Beryllium-7 is a powerful and commonly used tracer for environmental processes such as watershed sediment provenance, soil erosion, fluvial and nearshore sediment cycling, and atmospheric fallout. However, few studies have quantified temporal or spatial variability of (7)Be accumulation from atmospheric fallout, and parameters that would better define the uses and limitations of this geochemical tracer. We investigated the abundance and variability of (7)Be in atmospheric deposition in both rain events and dry periods, and in stream surface-water samples collected over a ten-month interval at sites near northern Monterey Bay (37°N, 122°W) on the central California coast, a region characterized by a rainy winters, dry summers, and small mountainous streams with flashy hydrology. The range of (7)Be activity in rainwater samples from the main sampling site was 1.3-4.4 Bq L(-1), with a mean (±standard deviation) of 2.2 ± 0.9 Bq L(-1), and a volume-weighted average of 2.0 Bq L(-1). The range of wet atmospheric deposition was 18-188 Bq m(-2) per rain event, with a mean of 72 ± 53 Bq m(-2). Dry deposition fluxes of (7)Be ranged from less than 0.01 up to 0.45 Bq m(-2) d(-1), with an estimated dry season deposition of 7 Bq m(-2) month(-1). Annualized (7)Be atmospheric deposition was approximately 1900 Bq m(-2) yr(-1), with most deposition via rainwater (>95%) and little via dry deposition. Overall, these activities and deposition fluxes are similar to values found in other coastal locations with comparable latitude and Mediterranean-type climate. Particulate (7)Be values in the surface water of the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz, California, ranged from <0.01 Bq g(-1) to 0.6 Bq g(-1), with a median activity of 0.26 Bq g(-1). A large storm event in January 2010 characterized by prolonged flooding resulted in the entrainment of (7)Be-depleted sediment, presumably from substantial erosion in the watershed. There were too few particulate (7)Be data over the storm to accurately model a (7)Be load, but the results suggest enhanced watershed export of (7)Be from small, mountainous river systems compared to other watershed types.
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Pham MK, Povinec PP, Nies H, Betti M. Dry and wet deposition of 7Be, 210Pb and 137Cs in Monaco air during 1998-2010: seasonal variations of deposition fluxes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 120:45-57. [PMID: 23416760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Temporal variations of (7)Be, (210)Pb and (137)Cs activity concentrations in precipitation in Monaco from 1998 to 2010 showed that maxima of (7)Be and (210)Pb deposition fluxes coincide with the peaks of precipitation amounts observed in different months of a year, and most of (7)Be and (210)Pb was washout from the atmosphere by precipitation. The seasonal variations were not uniform from year to year, and the amount of precipitation controlled the deposition fluxes of (7)Be and (210)Pb, which was not the case for (137)Cs. The fractional deposition fluxes of (7)Be and (210)Pb in different seasons were in the order fall > spring > winter > summer, while the fractional amount of precipitation followed the order fall > winter > spring > summer. The fractional deposition fluxes of (137)Cs were found in the order spring > fall > summer > winter. The precipitation-normalized deposition fluxes of (7)Be, (210)Pb and (137)Cs were generally higher during summer. The highest (7)Be/(210)Pb activity ratio was observed in 2010, and the smallest one in 2001, following the influence of the modulation of cosmic rays on the production rates of (7)Be in the atmosphere by solar activity. Activity ratios of (7)Be/(210)Pb observed in winter and fall were generally higher than during summer and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai K Pham
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, MC 98000, Monaco.
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Bolívar JP, García-Tenorio R, Mosqueda F, Gázquez MJ, López-Coto I, Adame JA, Vaca F. Occupational exposures in two industrial plants devoted to the production of ammonium phosphate fertilisers. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:199-212. [PMID: 23295410 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to fill a gap in the open literature, occupational exposures and activity concentrations have been assessed in two NORM industrial plants, located in the south-west of Spain, devoted to the production of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilisers. The annual effective doses received by the workers from these plants are clearly below 1 mSv yr(-1) and the contribution due to external radiation is similar to that due to inhalation. The contribution to the maximum effective doses due to inhalation of particulate matter has been estimated to be about 0.12 mSv yr(-1), while the (222)Rn concentrations inside the plants are of no concern. Consequently, no additional actions or radiological protection measures need to be taken to decrease the natural radiation received by the workers in these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bolívar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, E-21071, Huelva, Spain.
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Lozano RL, Hernández-Ceballos MA, Adame JA, Casas-Ruíz M, Sorribas M, San Miguel EG, Bolívar JP. Radioactive impact of Fukushima accident on the Iberian Peninsula: evolution and plume previous pathway. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 37:1259-1264. [PMID: 21683442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High activity concentrations of several man-made radionuclides (such as (131)I, (132)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs and (137)Cs) have been detected along the Iberian Peninsula from March 28th to April 7th 2011. The analysis of back-trajectories of air masses allowed us to demonstrate that the levels of manmade radionuclide activity concentrations in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula come from the accident produced in the nuclear power plant of Fukushima. The pathway followed by the radioactive plume from Fukushima into Huelva (southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) was deduced through back-trajectories analysis, and this fact was also verified by the activity concentrations measured of those radionuclides reported in places crossed by this radioactive cloud. In fact, activity concentrations reported by E.P.A., and by IAEA, in several places of Japan, Pacific Ocean and United States of America are according to the expected ones from the air mass trajectory arriving at Huelva province.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Lozano
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, Spain
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