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Abstract
Both inorganic and organic complexation of metal cations in clouds or rainwater is essential to describe the global biogeochemical cycles of metals, because complexation can increase metal solubility and stabilize some of their oxidation states. Within a Project of the National Research Program in the Antarctica, atmospheric depositions were collected during the Antarctic summer 2017–2018 in eight sampling sites. The main ionic components occurring in water extracts of these atmospheric depositions were quantified, and a chemical model was applied, in order to identify the main species occurring in the samples. The speciation study showed that most cations were present as aquoions, except for Fe, which occurred predominantly in hydrolytic forms. The model allowed us to foresee the effect of an increase in the concentration levels of all the solution components, by simulating what could happen when the original particles act as cloud condensation nuclei. The role of inorganic anions as complexing agents becomes important when increasing total concentrations of all the solutes by a factor >100 compared to the water extracts, while the presence of organic acids acquires significance for samples having organic acid concentration higher than 10−5 mol L−1. Moreover, it was possible to pinpoint the formation constants that mostly affect the chemical system, and to gain insight into the behavior of metals in wet depositions, which is fundamental knowledge in atmospheric photochemistry studies and in the modeling of the biogeochemical cycles of metal cations.
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Zahri KNM, Zulkharnain A, Gomez-Fuentes C, Sabri S, Abdul Khalil K, Convey P, Ahmad SA. The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:456. [PMID: 34065265 PMCID: PMC8161070 DOI: 10.3390/life11050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbons can cause pollution to Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, both through accidental release and the discharge of waste cooking oil in grey water. Such pollutants can persist for long periods in cold environments. The native microbial community may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, using mixed native Antarctic bacterial communities, several environmental factors influencing biodegradation of waste canola oil (WCO) and pure canola oil (PCO) were optimised using established one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The factors include salinity, pH, type of nitrogen and concentration, temperature, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration in OFAT and only the significant factors proceeded for the statistical optimisation through RSM. High concentration of substrate targeted for degradation activity through RSM compared to OFAT method. As for the result, all factors were significant in PBD, while only 4 factors were significant in biodegradation of PCO (pH, nitrogen concentration, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration). Using OFAT, the most effective microbial community examined was able to degrade 94.42% and 86.83% (from an initial concentration of 0.5% (v/v)) of WCO and PCO, respectively, within 7 days. Using RSM, 94.99% and 79.77% degradation of WCO and PCO was achieved in 6 days. The significant interaction for the RSM in biodegradation activity between temperature and WCO concentration in WCO media were exhibited. Meanwhile, in biodegradation of PCO the significant factors were between (1) pH and PCO concentration, (2) nitrogen concentration and yeast extract, (3) nitrogen concentration and PCO concentration. The models for the RSM were validated for both WCO and PCO media and it showed no significant difference between experimental and predicted values. The efficiency of canola oil biodegradation achieved in this study provides support for the development of practical strategies for efficient bioremediation in the Antarctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, College of Systems Engineering and Science, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Claudio Gomez-Fuentes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile;
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khalilah Abdul Khalil
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Biology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
- National Antarctic Research Centre, B303 Level 3, Block B, IPS Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Rinaldi M, Paglione M, Decesari S, Harrison RM, Beddows DCS, Ovadnevaite J, Ceburnis D, O'Dowd CD, Simó R, Dall'Osto M. Contribution of Water-Soluble Organic Matter from Multiple Marine Geographic Eco-Regions to Aerosols around Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7807-7817. [PMID: 32501707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present shipborne measurements of size-resolved concentrations of aerosol components across ocean waters next to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Orkney Islands, and South Georgia Island, evidencing aerosol features associated with distinct eco-regions. Nonmethanesulfonic acid Water-Soluble Organic Matter (WSOM) represented 6-8% and 11-22% of the aerosol PM1 mass originated in open ocean (OO) and sea ice (SI) regions, respectively. Other major components included sea salt (86-88% OO, 24-27% SI), non sea salt sulfate (3-4% OO, 35-40% SI), and MSA (1-2% OO, 11-12% SI). The chemical composition of WSOM encompasses secondary organic components with diverse behaviors: while alkylamine concentrations were higher in SI air masses, oxalic acid showed higher concentrations in the open ocean air. Our online single-particle mass spectrometry data exclude a widespread source from sea bird colonies, while the secondary production of oxalic acid and sulfur-containing organic species via cloud processing is suggested. We claim that the potential impact of the sympagic planktonic ecosystem on aerosol composition has been overlooked in past studies, and multiple eco-regions act as distinct aerosol sources around Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Roy M Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David C S Beddows
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgita Ovadnevaite
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Darius Ceburnis
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Colin D O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Rafel Simó
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Manuel Dall'Osto
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
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Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years. GEOSCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences9120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic changes in sea ice have been observed in both poles in recent decades. However, the observational period for sea ice is short, and the climate models tasked with predicting future change in sea ice struggle to capture the current Antarctic trends. Paleoclimate archives, from marine sedimentary records and coastal Antarctic ice cores, provide a means of understanding sea ice variability and its drivers over decadal to centennial timescales. In this study, we collate published records of Antarctic sea ice over the past 2000 years (2 ka). We evaluate the current proxies and explore the potential of combining marine and ice core records to produce multi-archive reconstructions. Despite identifying 92 sea ice reconstructions, the spatial and temporal resolution is only sufficient to reconstruct circum-Antarctic sea ice during the 20th century, not the full 2 ka. Our synthesis reveals a 90 year trend of increasing sea ice in the Ross Sea and declining sea ice in the Bellingshausen, comparable with observed trends since 1979. Reconstructions in the Weddell Sea, the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean reveal small negative trends in sea ice during the 20th century (1900–1990), in contrast to the observed sea ice expansion in these regions since 1979.
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Chemical Composition of Aerosol over the Arctic Ocean from Summer ARctic EXpedition (AREX) 2011–2012 Cruises: Ions, Amines, Elemental Carbon, Organic Matter, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, n-Alkanes, Metals, and Rare Earth Elements. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the summers of 2011 and 2012, two scientific cruises were carried out over the Arctic Ocean aiming at the determination of the aerosol chemical composition in this pristine environment. First, mass spectrometry was applied to study the concentration and gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes. Experimental and modelled data of phase partitioning were compared: results demonstrated an equilibrium between gas and particle phase for PAHs, while n-alkanes showed a particle-oriented partitioning, due to the local marine origin of them, confirmed by the extremely low value of their carbon preference index. Moreover, the inorganic and organic ions (carboxylic acids and amines) concentrations, together with those of elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter (OM), were analyzed: 63% of aerosol was composed of ionic compounds (>90% from sea-salt) and the OM content was very high (30.5%; close to 29.0% of Cl−) in agreement with n-alkanes’ marine signature. Furthermore, the amines’ (dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine) concentrations were 3.98 ± 1.21, 1.70 ± 0.82, and 1.06 ± 0.56 p.p.t.v., respectively, fully in keeping with concentration values used in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplet)-chamber experiments to simulate the ambient nucleation rate in a H2SO4-DMA-H2O system, showing the amines’ importance in polar regions to promote new particle formation. Finally, high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to determine trace elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), highlighting the dominant natural versus anthropic inputs for trace metals (e.g., Fe, Mn, Ti vs. As, Cd, Ni) and possible signatures of such anthropic activity.
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Jokinen T, Sipilä M, Kontkanen J, Vakkari V, Tisler P, Duplissy EM, Junninen H, Kangasluoma J, Manninen HE, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Kirkby J, Virkkula A, Kerminen VM. Ion-induced sulfuric acid-ammonia nucleation drives particle formation in coastal Antarctica. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat9744. [PMID: 30498779 PMCID: PMC6261657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Formation of new aerosol particles from trace gases is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the global atmosphere, with potentially large effects on cloud optical properties and Earth's radiative balance. Controlled laboratory experiments have resolved, in detail, the different nucleation pathways likely responsible for atmospheric new particle formation, yet very little is known from field studies about the molecular steps and compounds involved in different regions of the atmosphere. The scarcity of primary particle sources makes secondary aerosol formation particularly important in the Antarctic atmosphere. Here, we report on the observation of ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and ammonia-a process experimentally investigated by the CERN CLOUD experiment-as a major source of secondary aerosol particles over coastal Antarctica. We further show that measured high sulfuric acid concentrations, exceeding 107 molecules cm-3, are sufficient to explain the observed new particle growth rates. Our findings show that ion-induced nucleation is the dominant particle formation mechanism, implying that galactic cosmic radiation plays a key role in new particle formation in the pristine Antarctic atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Jokinen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Sipilä
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Kontkanen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. Vakkari
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Tisler
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E.-M. Duplissy
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Junninen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Environmental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. E. Manninen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- CERN, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Petäjä
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - J. Kirkby
- CERN, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Virkkula
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Guo Y, Wang N, Li G, Rosas G, Zang J, Ma Y, Liu J, Han W, Cao H. Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 29666609 PMCID: PMC5891643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Nengfei Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jiaye Zang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Barbaro E, Padoan S, Kirchgeorg T, Zangrando R, Toscano G, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Particle size distribution of inorganic and organic ions in coastal and inland Antarctic aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2724-2733. [PMID: 27834051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and particle-size distribution of ionic species in Antarctic aerosol samples were determined to investigate their potential sources, chemical evolution, and transport. We analyzed aerosol samples collected at two different Antarctic sites: a coastal site near Victoria Land close to the Italian Research Base "Mario Zucchelli", and another site located on the Antarctic plateau, close to Italian-French Concordia Research Station. We investigated anionic compounds using ion-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and cationic species through capillary ion chromatography with conductometry. Aerosol collected close to the coast was mainly characterized by sea salt species such as Na+, Mg2+, and SO42-. These species represented a percentage of 88% of the total sum of all detected ionic species in the aerosol samples from the coastal site. These species were mainly distributed in the coarse fraction, confirming the presence of primary aerosol near the ocean source. Aerosol collected over the Antarctic plateau was characterized by high acidity, with nss-SO42-, NO3-, and methanesulfonic acid as the most abundant species. These species were mainly distributed in the <0.49 μm fraction, and they had a behavior of a typical secondary aerosol, where several chemical and physical processes occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy.
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Sara Padoan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Torben Kirchgeorg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Toscano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
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Caiazzo L, Becagli S, Frosini D, Giardi F, Severi M, Traversi R, Udisti R. Spatial and temporal variability of snow chemical composition and accumulation rate at Talos Dome site (East Antarctica). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:418-430. [PMID: 26849319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five snow pits and five firn cores were sampled during the 2003-2004 Italian Antarctic Campaign at Talos Dome (East Antarctica), where a deep ice core (TALDICE, TALos Dome Ice CorE, 1650m depth) was drilled in 2005-2008 and analyzed for ionic content. Particular attention is spent in applying decontamination procedures to the firn cores, as core sections were stored for approximately 10years before analysis. By considering the snow pit samples to be unperturbed, the comparison with firn core samples from the same location shows that ammonium, nitrate and MSA are affected by storage post-depositional losses. All the other measured ions are confirmed to be irreversibly deposited in the snow layer. The removal of the most external layers (few centimeters) from the firn core sections is proved to be an effective decontamination procedure. High-resolution profiles of seasonal markers (nitrate, sulfate and MSA) allow a reliable stratigraphic dating and a seasonal characterization of the samples. The calculated mean accumulation-rate values range from 70 to 85mmw.e.year(-1), in the period 2003-1973 with small differences between two sectors: 70-74mmw.e.year(-1) in the NNE sector (spanning 2003-1996years) and 81-92mmw.e.year(-1) in the SSW sector (spanning 2003-1980years). This evidence is interpreted as a coupled effect of wind-driven redistribution processes in accumulation/ablation areas. Statistical treatment applied to the concentration values of the snow pits and firn cores samples collected in different points reveals a larger temporal variability than spatial one both in terms of concentration of chemical markers and annual accumulation. The low spatial variability of the accumulation rate and chemical composition measured in the five sites demonstrates that the TALDICE ice core paleo-environmental and paleo-climatic stratigraphies can be considered as reliably representative for the Talos Dome area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caiazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Daniele Frosini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Fabio Giardi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy.
| | - Roberto Udisti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
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Alias SA, Smykla J, Ming CY, Rizman-Idid M, Convey P. Diversity of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island, continental Antarctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5817/cpr2013-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a biodiversity study of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island (Ross Sea, continental Antarctic). During the 2004/05 austral sum-mer, we sampled a wide range of soil habitats from an abandoned penguin rookeries to examine the biodiversity of soil microfungi. Beaufort Island is predominantly ice and snow covered, isolated, difficult to access and known to have been visited only infre-quently. Warcup's soil plating method was used for fungal cultivation. A total of ten fungal taxa were isolated, consisting of seven ascomycetes, two anamorphic fungi and one yeast. In terms of their thermal classes, a total of four psychrophilic, five psychro-tolerant and 1 mesophilic fungi were isolated. Thelebolus microsporus, Geomyces sp. and Thelebolus sp. were the most common isolated fungi. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA sequences were obtained from 17 fungal isolates, confirming their identification as Thelebolus microsporus, Thelebolus sp., Phoma herbarum and Geo-myces sp.
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11
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Zhu R, Chen Q, Ding W, Xu H. Impact of seabird activity on nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from High Arctic tundra in Svalbard, Norway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jg002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Preunkert S, Ancellet G, Legrand M, Kukui A, Kerbrat M, Sarda-Estève R, Gros V, Jourdain B. Oxidant Production over Antarctic Land and its Export (OPALE) project: An overview of the 2010-2011 summer campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Kukui A, Legrand M, Ancellet G, Gros V, Bekki S, Sarda-Estève R, Loisil R, Preunkert S. Measurements of OH and RO2radicals at the coastal Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (East Antarctica) in summer 2010-2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Chen L, Wang J, Gao Y, Xu G, Yang X, Lin Q, Zhang Y. Latitudinal distributions of atmospheric MSA and MSA/nss-SO42−ratios in summer over the high latitude regions of the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Legrand M, Gros V, Preunkert S, Sarda-Estève R, Thierry AM, Pépy G, Jourdain B. A reassessment of the budget of formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica): The role of penguin emissions on the budget of several oxygenated volatile organic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Hellebust S, O’Sullivan D, Sodeau JR. Protonated Nitrosamide and Its Potential Role in the Release of HONO from Snow and Ice in the Dark. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11632-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Hellebust
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel O’Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John R. Sodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Federer U, Kaufmann PR, Hutterli MA, Schüpbach S, Stocker TF. Continuous flow analysis of total organic carbon in polar ice cores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8039-8043. [PMID: 19031899 DOI: 10.1021/es801244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ice cores are a widely used archive to reconstruct past changes of the climate system. This is done by measuring the concentration of substances in the ice and in the air of bubbles enclosed in ice. Some species pertaining to the carbon cycle (e.g., CO2, CH4) are routinely measured. However, information about the organic fraction of the impurities in polar ice is still very limited. Therefore, we developed a new method to determine the content of total organic carbon (TOC) in ice cores using a continuous flow analysis (CFA) system. The method is based on photochemical oxidation of TOC and the electrolytic quantification of the CO2 produced during oxidation. The TOC instrument features a limit of detection of 2 ppbC and a response time of 60 s at a sample flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and a linear measurement range of 2-4000 ppbC. First measurements on the ice core from Talos Dome, Antarctica, reveal TOC concentrations varying between 80 and 360 ppbC in the 20 m section presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Federer
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Preunkert S, Legrand M, Jourdain B, Moulin C, Belviso S, Kasamatsu N, Fukuchi M, Hirawake T. Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Hopkins DW, Sparrow AD, Novis PM, Gregorich EG, Elberling B, Greenfield LG. Controls on the distribution of productivity and organic resources in Antarctic Dry Valley soils. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:2687-95. [PMID: 17015369 PMCID: PMC1635502 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Dry Valleys are regarded as one of the harshest terrestrial habitats on Earth because of the extremely cold and dry conditions. Despite the extreme environment and scarcity of conspicuous primary producers, the soils contain organic carbon and heterotrophic micro-organisms and invertebrates. Potential sources of organic compounds to sustain soil organisms include in situ primary production by micro-organisms and mosses, spatial subsidies from lacustrine and marine-derived detritus, and temporal subsidies ('legacies') from ancient lake deposits. The contributions from these sources at different sites are likely to be influenced by local environmental conditions, especially soil moisture content, position in the landscape in relation to lake level oscillations and legacies from previous geomorphic processes. Here we review the abiotic factors that influence biological activity in Dry Valley soils and present a conceptual model that summarizes mechanisms leading to organic resources therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Hopkins
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
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20
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Zhu R, Sun L, Kong D, Geng J, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X. Matrix-bound phosphine in Antarctic biosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 64:1429-35. [PMID: 16504242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH(3)) is a natural gaseous carrier of phosphorus in its geochemical cycles, and it might be of importance to the phosphorus balance of natural ecosystem. For the first time phosphine levels were investigated in the Earth's coldest, driest, and most southerly Antarctic biosphere. Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) was found in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments and soils. Phosphine concentrations varied with different sea animal guanos. Average phosphine concentrations in empire penguin, gentoo penguin, sea lion, skua and gull guanos were 2.54+/-1.28 ng kg(-1), 6.21+/-2.15 ng kg(-1), 9.12+/-4.66 ng kg(-1), 11.90+/-1.29 ng kg(-1) and 14.55+/-6.74 ng kg(-1), respectively. The contents of phosphorus in these various matrixes have an important effect on MBP concentrations. The levels of phosphine appeared an increasing tendency with the content of TP, IP and OP in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments or soils. The correlation between PH(3) and Fe, Mn, Al in these matrixes was also analyzed and discussed. Phosphine showed an obviously positive correlation with Fe in sea animal guanos. However, excessively high Fe, Al and Mn may inhibit the formation of PH(3) in the ornithogenic soils or sediments in the Antarctic biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei city, Anhui Province 230026, PR China.
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21
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Fattori I, Becagli S, Bellandi S, Castellano E, Innocenti M, Mannini A, Severi M, Vitale V, Udisti R. Chemical composition and physical features of summer aerosol at Terra Nova Bay and Dome C, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:1265-74. [PMID: 16307082 DOI: 10.1039/b507327h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the 2002-2003 austral summer field season, aerosol samples were collected at a coastal (Terra Nova Bay--Northern Victoria Land) and an inland site (Dome C--East Antarctic Plateau). The sampling was carried out by stacked filter units made up of two filters at different porosity (5.0 and 0.4 microm at Terra Nova Bay and 3.0 and 0.4 microm at Dome C), able to roughly separate a coarse from a fine fraction. At Dome C, a further investigation on aerosol size distribution was performed by an inertial impactor able to collect aerosol particles on 8 size classes (from 10 to 0.4 microm). Atomic Force Microscopy was applied to the filter collecting the finer fraction in both sites in order to assess the real cut-off value of the filter sandwich apparatus and to reconstruct the volume size distribution. At the employed flow conditions, the real cut-off value was revealed to be about one third with respect to the filter nominal porosity in both stations. The size distribution plots showed a bimodal distribution with a mode centered around 0.22 microm in both the sites and a second broader mode which is centered between 0.3 microm and 1.2 microm diameter at Terra Nova Bay and shifted toward higher values (centred around 1.0 microm diameter) at Dome C. Each filter was analysed for the main and trace ionic components allowing evaluation of the contributions of primary and secondary aerosol sources at the two sites as a function of the particle size class. The coastal site is mainly affected by primary and secondary marine inputs: the sea spray contribution (Na+, Mg2+, Cl- and ssSO4(2-)) is dominant (77% w/w) in the coarse fraction whereas the biogenic source (methanesulfonate and nssSO4(2-)) prevails (67.5% w/w) in the fine fraction. In this fraction a significant contribution (15.5% w/w) is provided by ammonium likely to be related to surrounding penguin colonies. Dome C atmosphere is characterised by fine particles arising from secondary sources and long-range transport processes. The main component in the fine and coarse fractions at Dome C is sulfate whose nssSO4(2-) represents the 99.5% and the 92.3%(w/w) in fine and coarse fraction, respectively. The observed agreement between nssSO4(2-) and methanesulfonate temporal profiles in the fine fraction demonstrates that biogenic emissions dominate the inland background aerosol. Results from the sampling by the 8-stage impactor at Dome C are presented here: chloride and nitrate are mainly deposited on the 10-2.1 microm stages while the highest sulfate concentration was found in the submicrometric fraction which turned out to be the most acidic. Such a distribution is able to prevent nitrate and chloride re-emission as gaseous HCl and HNO3 in the 10-2.1 microm stages, arising from the exchange reaction between chloride and nitrate salts and sulfuric acid. Moreover, the concentration peak observed for nitrate in coarser fractions is probably related also to the formation of hygroscopic NH4NO3 particles and nitrate adsorption on sea salt particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence-Scientific Pole, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Zhu R, Sun L, Ding W. Nitrous oxide emissions from tundra soil and snowpack in the maritime Antarctic. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 59:1667-75. [PMID: 15894052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nitrous oxide emissions were measured at three tundra sites and one snowpack on the Fildes Peninsula in the maritime Antarctic in the summertime of 2002. The average fluxes at two normal tundra sites were 1.1+/-2.2 and 0.6+/-1.7 microg N2O m(-2)h(-1), respectively. The average flux from tundra soil site with penguin dropping addition was 3.7+/-2.0 microg N2O m(-2)h(-1), 3-6 times those from the normal tundra soils, suggesting that the deposition of fresh droppings enhanced N2O emissions during penguin breeding period. The summer precipitation had an important effect on N2O emissions; the flux decreased when heavy precipitation occurred. The diurnal cycle of the N2O fluxes from Antarctic tundra soils was not obtained due to local fluky weather conditions. The N2O fluxes through four snowpack sites were obtained by the vertical N2O concentration gradient and their average fluxes were 0.94, 1.36, 0.81 and 0.85 microg N2O m(-2)h(-1), respectively. The tundra soils under snowpack emitted N2O in the maritime Antarctic and increased local atmospheric N2O concentrations; therefore these fluxes could constitute an important part of the annual N2O budget for Antarctic tundra ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
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23
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Wilson LJ, Bacon PJ, Bull J, Dragosits U, Blackall TD, Dunn TE, Hamer KC, Sutton MA, Wanless S. Modelling the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions from seabirds in the UK. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 131:173-85. [PMID: 15234084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 02/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the sources and distribution of ammonia (NH3) emissions underpins our understanding of the nitrogen budget. Research has focused on quantifying NH3 emissions from anthropogenic sources, whilst those from natural sources have received little attention internationally. Seabirds excrete large quantities of nitrogen, making seabird colonies a major natural source of NH3. Ammonia emissions from each UK seabird species were estimated and combined with population distribution data to model their spatial distribution. Total NH3 emissions from UK seabirds were estimated at 2.7 kt per year. Seabird emissions are concentrated in remote parts of the UK where anthropogenic emissions are small, so that seabirds often represent the main source of NH3 emissions in these areas. Seabird NH3 emissions were found to have increased by 34% since the 1970s. This corresponds to population changes which may be influenced by human activities, showing that even this natural source can be anthropogenically modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, Aberdeenshire AB31 4BW, UK
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Legrand M, Preunkert S, Jourdain B, Aumont B. Year-round records of gas and particulate formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Legrand
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | - Susanne Preunkert
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | - Bruno Jourdain
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | - Bernard Aumont
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques; Université de Paris VII et XII; Créteil France
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25
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Rankin AM, Wolff EW. A year-long record of size-segregated aerosol composition at Halley, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Rankin AM, Wolff EW, Martin S. Frost flowers: Implications for tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Rankin
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Eric W. Wolff
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Seelye Martin
- School of Oceanography; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
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27
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Xie ZQ. A potential source of atmospheric sulfur from penguin colony emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Jourdain B. Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition and HCl and HNO3levels in the Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) atmosphere: Implications for sea-salt aerosol fractionation in the winter and summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Legrand M, Sciare J, Jourdain B, Genthon C. Subdaily variations of atmospheric dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, methanesulfonate, and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) during summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Jourdain B, Legrand M. Seasonal variations of atmospheric dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfur dioxide, methanesulfonate, and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) (December 1998 to July 1999). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Sommer S, Appenzeller C, Röthlisberger R, Hutterli MA, Stauffer B, Wagenbach D, Oerter H, Wilhelms F, Miller H, Mulvaney R. Glacio-chemical study spanning the past 2 kyr on three ice cores from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: 1. Annually resolved accumulation rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Sommer S, Wagenbach D, Mulvaney R, Fischer H. Glacio-chemical study spanning the past 2 kyr on three ice cores from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: 2. Seasonally resolved chemical records. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Monitoring the concentration of N2O in the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02909696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Teinilä K, Kerminen VM, Hillamo R. A study of size-segregated aerosol chemistry in the Antarctic atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Jones AE, Weller R, Minikin A, Wolff EW, Sturges WT, McIntyre HP, Leonard SR, Schrems O, Bauguitte S. Oxidized nitrogen chemistry and speciation in the Antarctic troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Tison JL, Souchez R, Wolff EW, Moore JC, Legrand MR, de Angelis M. Is a periglacial biota responsible for enhanced dielectric response in basal ice from the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Minikin A, Legrand M, Hall J, Wagenbach D, Kleefeld C, Wolff E, Pasteur EC, Ducroz F. Sulfur-containing species (sulfate and methanesulfonate) in coastal Antarctic aerosol and precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Wagenbach D, Legrand M, Fischer H, Pichlmayer F, Wolff EW. Atmospheric near-surface nitrate at coastal Antarctic sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Mulvaney R, Wagenbach D, Wolff EW. Postdepositional change in snowpack nitrate from observation of year-round near-surface snow in coastal Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Wagenbach D, Ducroz F, Mulvaney R, Keck L, Minikin A, Legrand M, Hall JS, Wolff EW. Sea-salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Wolff EW, Hall JS, Mulvaney R, Pasteur EC, Wagenbach D, Legrand M. Relationship between chemistry of air, fresh snow and firn cores for aerosol species in coastal Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Wolff EW, Legrand MR, Wagenbach D. Coastal Antarctic aerosol and snowfall chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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König-Langlo G, King JC, Pettré P. Climatology of the three coastal Antarctic stations Dumont d'Urville, Neumayer, and Halley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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