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Kang JH, Hwang H, Lee SJ, Choi SD, Kim JS, Hong S, Hur SD, Baek JH. Record of North American boreal forest fires in northwest Greenland snow. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130187. [PMID: 33740646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present boreal forest fire proxies in a northwest Greenland snowpit spanning a period of six years, from spring 2003 to summer 2009. Levoglucosan (C6H10O5) is a specific organic molecular marker of biomass burning caused by boreal forest fires. In this study, levoglucosan was determined via liquid chromatography/negative ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, wherein isotope-dilution and multiple reaction monitoring methods are employed. Ammonium (NH4+) and oxalate (C2O42-), traditional biomass burning proxies, were determined using two-channel ion chromatography. In the northwest Greenland snowpit, peaks in levoglucosan, ammonium, and oxalate were observed in snow layers corresponding to the summer-fall seasons of 2004 and 2005. Considered together, these spikes are a marker for large boreal forest fires. The levoglucosan deposited in the Greenland snow was strongly dependent on long-range atmospheric transportation. A 10-day backward air mass trajectory analysis supports that the major contributors were air masses from North America. In addition, satellite-derived carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations suggest that chemicals from North American boreal forest fires during the summer-fall of 2004 and 2005 were transported to Greenland. However, large boreal fires in Siberia in 2003 and 2008 were not recorded in the snowpit. The sub-annual resolution measurements of levoglucosan and ammonium can distinguish between the contributions of past boreal forest fires and soil emissions from anthropogenic activity to Greenland snow and ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Kang
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heejin Hwang
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sangbum Hong
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Baek
- Analysis Service Center, Diatech Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05808, Republic of Korea
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Song J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Fu P, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Wang S, Huang X, Xu W, Cao Z, Gromov S, Lai S. Influence of biomass burning on atmospheric aerosols over the western South China Sea: Insights from ions, carbonaceous fractions and stable carbon isotope ratios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1800-1809. [PMID: 30093156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected during a cruise campaign over the western South China Sea (SCS) from August to September 2014. Ten water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and stable carbon isotope ratios of total carbon (δ13CTC) were measured. The average concentrations of total WSI, OC and EC were 7.91 ± 3.44 μg/m3, 2.04 ± 1.25 μg/m3 and 0.30 ± 0.22 μg/m3, respectively. Among the investigated WSI, sulfate (SO42-), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) were the most abundant species, accounting for 39.2%, 24.5% and 14.3% of the total mass of the WSI, respectively. Significantly positive correlations of OC and EC with non-sea-salt potassium (nss-K+), a tracer for biomass burning, suggest that biomass burning is the major source of carbonaceous aerosols. The values of δ13CTC ranged from -26.6‰ to -24.4‰ with an average of -25.3 ± 0.7‰. Based on the literature data of δ13CTC, back-trajectory analysis and satellite fire spots, we propose that C3 plant burning in Southeast Asia significantly contributes to carbonaceous aerosols over the western SCS. This is also supported by a good correlation between δ13CTC and the mass ratios of nss-K+/TC. Furthermore, high Cl- depletion (73 ± 23%) was observed in the aerosols over the western SCS. Given the neutralization of SO42- by ammonium (NH4+), excess nss-SO42- and oxalate (C2O42-) made major contributions to Cl- depletion in the samples strongly influenced by biomass burning. This study provides useful information to better understand the influence of biomass burning on atmospheric aerosols over the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lishan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Cao
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sergey Gromov
- Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Roshydromet and RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Senchao Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Dambruoso P, de Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Palmisani J, Tutino M. The impact of infield biomass burning on PM levels and its chemical composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13175-13185. [PMID: 24310905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the South of Italy, it is common for farmers to burn pruning waste from olive trees in spring. In order to evaluate the impact of the biomass burning source on the physical and chemical characteristics of the particulate matter (PM) emitted by these fires, a PM monitoring campaign was carried out in an olive grove. Daily PM10 samples were collected for 1 week, when there were no open fires, and when biomass was being burned, and at two different distances from the fires. Moreover, an optical particle counter and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analyzer were used to measure the high time-resolved dimensional distribution of particles emitted and total PAHs concentrations, respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples identified organic and inorganic components such as PAHs, ions, elements, and carbonaceous fractions (OC, EC). Analysis of the collected data showed the usefulness of organic and inorganic tracer species and of PAH diagnostic ratios for interpreting the impact of biomass fires on PM levels and on its chemical composition. Finally, high time-resolved monitoring of particle numbers and PAH concentrations was performed before, during, and after biomass burning, and these concentrations were seen to be very dependent on factors such as weather conditions, combustion efficiency, and temperature (smoldering versus flaming conditions), and moisture content of the wood burned.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dambruoso
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy
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Sillanpää M, Saarikoski S, Hillamo R, Pennanen A, Makkonen U, Spolnik Z, Van Grieken R, Koskentalo T, Salonen RO. Chemical composition of fine particles in fresh smoke plumes from boreal wild-land fires in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 350:119-35. [PMID: 16227078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of smoke plumes was detected in Helsinki, Finland, during a one-month-lasting period in August 2006. The smoke plumes originated from wildfires close to Finland, and they were short-term and had a high particulate matter (PM) concentration. Physical and chemical properties of fine particles in those smokes were characterised by a wide range of real-time measurements that enabled the examination of individual plume events. Concurrently PM(1) filter samples were collected and analysed off-line. Satellite observations employing MODIS sensor on board of NASA EOS Terra satellite with the dispersion model SILAM and the Fire Assimilation System were used for evaluation of the emission fluxes from wildfires. The model predicted well the timing of the plumes but the predicted PM concentrations differed from the observed. The measurements showed that the major growth in PM concentration was caused by submicrometer particles consisting mainly of particulate organic matter (POM). POM had not totally oxidised during the transport based on the low WSOC-to-OC ratio. The fresh plumes were compared to another major smoke episode that was observed in Helsinki during April-May 2006. The duration and the source areas of the two episode periods differed. The episode in April-May was a period of nearly constantly upraised level of long-range transported PM and it was composed of aged particles when arriving in Helsinki. The two episodes had differences also in the chemical composition of PM. The mass concentrations of biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, potassium, and oxalate) increased during both the episodes but different concentration levels of elemental carbon and potassium indicated that the episodes differed in the form of burning as well as in the burning material. In spring dry crop residue and hay from the previous season were burnt whereas in August smokes from smouldering and incomplete burning of fresh vegetation were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sillanpää
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN-00880 Helsinki, Finland.
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van Pinxteren D, Brüggemann E, Gnauk T, Iinuma Y, Müller K, Nowak A, Achtert P, Wiedensohler A, Herrmann H. Size‐ and time‐resolved chemical particle characterization during CAREBeijing‐2006: Different pollution regimes and diurnal profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hagler GSW, Bergin MH, Smith EA, Dibb JE. A summer time series of particulate carbon in the air and snow at Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang H, Shooter D. Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in PM10 in a city with intensive solid fuel burning. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 56:725-733. [PMID: 15251287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, PM(10) samples were collected in a winter and a summer in Christchurch, a New Zealand city having intensive wood and coal burning and a serious air pollution problem in winter. Oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, glutaric and adipic acids in the samples were analysed using ion chromatography. It was suggested that solid fuel burning had large influence on the occurrence of these low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids resulting in significantly higher wintertime concentrations of maleic acid, oxalic acid and glutaric or adipic acid. The most pronounced feature observed was that maleic acid was the second most abundant species of the detected DCAs in the winter (with a mean of 74 ngm(-3) and the highest concentration ever reported of 231 ngm(-3)). In contrast, malonic acid experienced a low abundance in both seasons. The observed seasonal patterns and molecular distribution were inconsistent with those in most other urban areas. On an average, the total detected dicarboxylic acids accounted for about 0.5% of PM(10) mass with a maximum of 1.4% in the winter. The relative importance of different sources to individual dicarboxylic acids varied with seasons and is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Wang
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Deriving Global Quantitative Estimates for Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Biomass Burning Emissions. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ricard V, Jaffrezo JL, Kerminen VM, Hillamo RE, Sillanpaa M, Ruellan S, Liousse C, Cachier H. Two years of continuous aerosol measurements in northern Finland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ricard
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | - J.-L. Jaffrezo
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | | | | | - M. Sillanpaa
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Ruellan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - C. Liousse
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - H. Cachier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif sur Yvette France
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Patris N, Delmas R, Legrand M, De Angelis M, Ferron FA, Stiévenard M, Jouzel J. First sulfur isotope measurements in central Greenland ice cores along the preindustrial and industrial periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Patris
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; CEA-CNRS; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Robert Delmas
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; St-Martin d'Hères France
| | - Michel Legrand
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; St-Martin d'Hères France
| | - Martine De Angelis
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; CNRS; St-Martin d'Hères France
| | - Francisco A. Ferron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; CEA-CNRS; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Michel Stiévenard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; CEA-CNRS; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jean Jouzel
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; CEA-CNRS; Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Ricard V. Size distributions and modal parameters of aerosol constituents in northern Finland during the European Arctic Aerosol Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Puxbaum H, Rendl J, Allabashi R, Otter L, Scholes MC. Mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol in a South African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1997). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Müller D, Wagner F, Wandinger U, Ansmann A, Wendisch M, Althausen D, von Hoyningen-Huene W. Microphysical particle parameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with regularization: experiment. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:1879-1892. [PMID: 18345084 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present effective radius, volume, surface-area, and number concentrations as well as mean complex refractive index of tropospheric particle size distributions based on lidar measurements at six wavelengths. The parameters are derived by means of an inversion algorithm that has been specifically designed for the inversion of available optical data sets. The data were taken on 20 June and on 20 July 1997 during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment ACE 2 (North Atlantic/Portugal) and on 9 August 1998 during the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment LACE 98 (Lindenberg/Germany). Measurements on 20 June 1997 were taken in a clean-marine boundary layer, and a large value of 0.64 microm for the effective radius, a low value of 1.45 for the real part, and a negligible imaginary part of the complex refractive index were found. The single-scatter albedo was 0.98 at 532 nm. It was derived from the particle parameters with Mie-scattering calculations. In contrast, the particles were less than 0.2 microm in effective radius in a continental-polluted aerosol layer on 20 July 1997. The real part of the complex refractive index was approximately 1.6; the imaginary part showed values near 0.03i. The single-scatter albedo was 0.84. On 9 August 1998 an elevated particle layer located from 3000 to 6000 m was observed, which had originated from an area of biomass burning in northwestern Canada. Here the effective radius was approximately 0.24 mum, the real part of the complex refractive index was above 1.6, the imaginary part was approximately 0.04i, and the single-scatter albedo was 0.81. Excellent agreement has been found with results based on sunphotometer and in situ measurements that were performed during the field campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Müller
- Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany.
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