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Wang Z, Kang M, Ebrahimpour A, Chen C, Ge X. Fc engineering by monoclonal mammalian cell display for improved affinity and selectivity towards FcγRs. Antib Ther 2024; 7:209-220. [PMID: 39036072 PMCID: PMC11259757 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fc optimization can significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies. However, existing Fc engineering approaches are sub-optimal with noted limitations, such as inappropriate glycosylation, polyclonal libraries, and utilizing fragment but not full-length IgG display. Applying cell cycle arrested recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, this study constructed high-quality monoclonal Fc libraries in CHO cells, displayed full-length IgG on cell surface, and preformed ratiometric fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with the antigen and individual FcγRs. Identified Fc variants were quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry, ELISA, kinetic and steady-state binding affinity measurements, and cytotoxicity assays. An error-prone Fc library focusing on the hinge-CH2 region was constructed in CHO cells with a functional diversity of 7.5 × 106. Panels of novel Fc variants with enhanced affinity and selectivity for FcγRs were isolated. Particularly, clone 2a-10 (G236E/K288R/K290W/K320M) showed increased binding strength towards FcγRIIa-131R and 131H allotypes with kinetic dissociation constants (KD-K) of 140 nM and 220 nM, respectively, while reduced binding strength towards FcγRIIb compared to WT Fc; clone 2b-1 (K222I/V302E/L328F/K334E) had KD-K of 180 nM towards FcγRIIb; clone 3a-2 (P247L/K248E/K334I) exhibited KD-K of 190 nM and 100 nM towards FcγRIIIa-176F and 176 V allotypes, respectively, and improved potency of 2.0 ng/ml in ADCC assays. Key mutation hotspots were identified, including P247 for FcγRIIIa, K290 for FcγRIIa, and K334 for FcγRIIb bindings. Discovery of Fc variants with enhanced affinity and selectivity towards individual FcγR and the identification of novel mutation hotspots provide valuable insights for further Fc optimization and serve as a foundation for advancing antibody therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Minhyo Kang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
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2
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Hao YB, Xing J, Sheng XZ, Chi H, Tang XQ, Zhan WB. The Role of Fc Receptors in the Innate Immune System of Flounders Purported to Be Homologs of FcγRII and FcγRIII. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1196-1206. [PMID: 38380986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
FcγR is a significant opsonin receptor located on the surface of immune cells, playing a crucial role in Ab-dependent cell-mediated immunity. Our previous work revealed opposite expression trends of FcγRII and FcγRIII in flounder mIgM+ B lymphocytes after phagocytosis of antiserum-opsonized Edwardsiella tarda. This observation suggests that FcγRII and FcγRIII might serve distinct functions in Ig-opsonized immune responses. In this study, we prepared rFcγRIII as well as its corresponding Abs to investigate the potential roles of FcγRII and FcγRIII in the Ab-dependent immune response of IgM+ B cells. Our findings indicate that, unlike FcγRII, FcγRIII does not participate in Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Instead, it is involved in cytokine production and bacterial killing in mIgM+ B lymphocytes. Additionally, we identified platelet-derived ADAM17 as a key factor in regulating FcγRIII shedding and cytokine release in mIgM+ B lymphocytes. These results elucidate the functions of FcγRII and FcγRIII in the innate immunology of mIgM+ B lymphocytes and contribute to an improved understanding of the regulatory roles of FcγRs in the phagocytosis of teleost B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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3
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Xue H, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhu C, Fei K, Sha H, Wu Z, Lin X, Wang F, Zhou S, Deng X, Li Y, Chen B, Xiong Y, Chen K. Characterization of a novel anti-PVRIG antibody with Fc-competent function that exerts strong antitumor effects via NK activation in preclinical models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:81. [PMID: 38554184 PMCID: PMC10981589 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Poliovirus receptor-related immunoglobulin domain-containing protein, or PVRIG, is a newly discovered immune checkpoint that has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. It is primarily expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells, and once engaged with its ligand, PVRL2, it induces inhibitory signaling in T cells, thereby promoting the functional exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here, we characterized IBI352g4a, a novel humanized anti-PVRIG antibody with Fc-competent function, explored the mechanism of its antitumor activity in preclinical models, and systemically evaluated the contribution of FcrR engagement to PVRIG blockade-induced antitumor activity. IBI352g4a binds to the extracellular domain of human PVRIG with high affinity (Kd = 0.53 nM) and specificity, and fully blocks the interaction between PVRIG and its ligand PVRL2. Unlike other immune checkpoints, IBI352g4a significantly induced NK cell activation and degranulation, but had a minimal effect on T-cell activation in in vitro functional assays. IBI352g4a induced strong antitumor effect in several preclinic models, through in vivo mechanism analysis we found that both NK and T cells contribute to the antitumor effect, but NK cells play predominant roles. Specifically, a single dose of IBI352g4a induced significant NK cell activation in TILs, but T-cell activation was observed only after the second dose. Moreover, the Fc effector function is critical for both NK cell activation and treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that both NK activation and FcrR engagement are required for antitumor efficacy induced by PVRIG blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Zhu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keke Fei
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Sha
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuaixiang Zhou
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiya Deng
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yao Xiong
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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4
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Conley HE, He MM, Easterhoff D, Kirshner HF, Cocklin SL, Meyer J, Hoxie T, Berry M, Bradley T, Tolbert WD, Pazgier M, Tomaras GD, Schmitz JE, Moody MA, Wiehe K, Pollara J. Defining genetic diversity of rhesus macaque Fcγ receptors with long-read RNA sequencing. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1306292. [PMID: 38264644 PMCID: PMC10803544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound glycoproteins that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) constant regions of IgG antibodies. Interactions between IgG immune complexes and FcγRs can initiate signal transduction that mediates important components of the immune response including activation of immune cells for clearance of opsonized pathogens or infected host cells. In humans, many studies have identified associations between FcγR gene polymorphisms and risk of infection, or progression of disease, suggesting a gene-level impact on FcγR-dependent immune responses. Rhesus macaques are an important translational model for most human health interventions, yet little is known about the breadth of rhesus macaque FcγR genetic diversity. This lack of knowledge prevents evaluation of the impact of FcγR polymorphisms on outcomes of preclinical studies performed in rhesus macaques. In this study we used long-read RNA sequencing to define the genetic diversity of FcγRs in 206 Indian-origin Rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. We describe the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, deletions, frame-shift mutations, and isoforms. We also index the identified diversity using predicted and known rhesus macaque FcγR and Fc-FcγR structures. Future studies that define the functional significance of this genetic diversity will facilitate a better understanding of the correlation between human and macaque FcγR biology that is needed for effective translation of studies with antibody-mediated outcomes performed in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E. Conley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Max M. He
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David Easterhoff
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hélène Fradin Kirshner
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah L. Cocklin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Meyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Hoxie
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Todd Bradley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joern E. Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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5
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Tuyishime M, Spreng RL, Hueber B, Nohara J, Goodman D, Chan C, Barfield R, Beck WE, Jha S, Asdell S, Wiehe K, He MM, Easterhoff D, Conley HE, Hoxie T, Gurley T, Jones C, Adhikary ND, Villinger F, Thomas R, Denny TN, Moody MA, Tomaras GD, Pollara J, Reeves RK, Ferrari G. Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260377. [PMID: 38124734 PMCID: PMC10732150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a common pre-clinical model used to test HIV vaccine efficacy and passive immunization strategies. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent the Fc-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions impacting antiviral activities of antibodies in RMs recapitulate those in humans. Here, we evaluated the FcR-related functionality of natural killer cells (NKs) from peripheral blood of uninfected humans and RMs to identify intra- and inter-species variation. NKs were screened for FcγRIIIa (human) and FcγRIII (RM) genotypes (FcγRIII(a)), receptor signaling, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), the latter mediated by a cocktail of monoclonal IgG1 antibodies with human or RM Fc. FcγRIII(a) genetic polymorphisms alone did not explain differences in NK effector functionality in either species cohort. Using the same parameters, hierarchical clustering separated each species into two clusters. Importantly, in principal components analyses, ADCC magnitude, NK contribution to ADCC, FcγRIII(a) cell-surface expression, and frequency of phosphorylated CD3ζ NK cells all contributed similarly to the first principal component within each species, demonstrating the importance of measuring multiple facets of NK cell function. Although ADCC potency was similar between species, we detected significant differences in frequencies of NK cells and pCD3ζ+ cells, level of cell-surface FcγRIII(a) expression, and NK-mediated ADCC (P<0.001), indicating that a combination of Fc-FcR parameters contribute to overall inter-species functional differences. These data strongly support the importance of multi-parameter analyses of Fc-FcR NK-mediated functions when evaluating efficacy of passive and active immunizations in pre- and clinical trials and identifying correlates of protection. The results also suggest that pre-screening animals for multiple FcR-mediated NK function would ensure even distribution of animals among treatment groups in future preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tuyishime
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Junsuke Nohara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Richard Barfield
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Whitney E. Beck
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Asdell
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Max M. He
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Taylor Hoxie
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Nihar Deb Adhikary
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Durham, NC, United States
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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Alemán OR, Rosales C. Human neutrophil Fc gamma receptors: different buttons for different responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:571-584. [PMID: 37437115 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are fundamental cells in host defense. These leukocytes are quickly recruited from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. At these sites, neutrophils initiate several innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation to release proteases and other antimicrobial compounds, production of inflammatory mediators, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In addition to their role in innate immunity, neutrophils are now recognized as cells that also regulate adaptive immunity, via interaction with dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Neutrophils also respond to adaptive immunity by interacting with antibody molecules. Indeed, antibody molecules allow neutrophils to have antigen-specific responses. Neutrophils express different receptors for antibodies. The receptors for immunoglobulin G molecules are known as Fcγ receptors. Upon Fcγ receptor aggregation on the cell membrane, these receptors trigger distinct signal transduction cascades that activate particular cellular responses. In this review, we describe the major Fcγ receptors expressed on human neutrophils and discuss how each Fcγ receptor activates a choice of signaling pathways to stimulate particular neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rafael Alemán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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8
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Sîrbe C, Badii M, Crişan TO, Bența G, Grama A, Joosten LAB, Rednic S, Pop TL. Detection of Novel Biomarkers in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis by Proteomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087479. [PMID: 37108648 PMCID: PMC10141667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury resulting in the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis. Pediatric (AIH) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires immunosuppression for an extended period. Frequent relapses after treatment discontinuation demonstrate that current therapies do not control intrahepatic immune processes. This study describes targeted proteomic profiling data in patients with AIH and controls. A total of 92 inflammatory and 92 cardiometabolic plasma markers were assessed for (i) pediatric AIH versus controls, (ii) AIH type 1 versus type 2, (iii) AIH and AIH-autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis overlapping syndrome and (iv) correlations with circulating vitamin D levels in AIH. A total of 16 proteins showed a nominally significant differential abundance in pediatric patients with AIH compared to controls. No clustering of AIH subphenotypes based on all protein data was observed, and no significant correlation of vitamin D levels was observed for the identified proteins. The proteins that showed variable expression include CA1, CA3, GAS6, FCGR2A, 4E-BP1 and CCL19, which may serve as potential biomarkers for patients with AIH. CX3CL1, CXCL10, CCL23, CSF1 and CCL19 showed homology to one another and may be coexpressed in AIH. CXCL10 seems to be the central intermediary link for the listed proteins. These proteins were involved in relevant mechanistic pathways for liver diseases and immune processes in AIH pathogenesis. This is the first report on the proteomic profile of pediatric AIH. The identified markers could potentially lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Nevertheless, considering the complex pathogenesis of AIH, more extensive studies are warranted to replicate and validate the present study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sîrbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Bența
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Rednic
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Rheumatology Discipline, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Chen X, Gula H, Pius T, Ou C, Gomozkova M, Wang LX, Schneewind O, Missiakas D. Immunoglobulin G subclasses confer protection against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream dissemination through distinct mechanisms in mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220765120. [PMID: 36972444 PMCID: PMC10083571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220765120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies bind target molecules with exquisite specificity. The removal of these targets is mediated by the effector functions of antibodies. We reported earlier that the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F6 promotes opsonophagocytic killing of Staphylococcus aureus in blood and reduces bacterial replication in animals. Here, we generated mouse immunoglobulin G (mIgG) subclass variants and observed a hierarchy in protective efficacy 3F6-mIgG2a > 3F6-mIgG1 ≥ 3F6-mIgG2b >> 3F6-mIgG3 following bloodstream challenge of C57BL/6J mice. This hierarchy was not observed in BALB/cJ mice: All IgG subclasses conferred similar protection. IgG subclasses differ in their ability to activate complement and interact with Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on immune cells. 3F6-mIgG2a-dependent protection was lost in FcγR-deficient, but not in complement-deficient C57BL/6J animals. Measurements of the relative ratio of FcγRIV over complement receptor 3 (CR3) on neutrophils suggest the preferential expression of FcγRIV in C57BL/6 mice and of CR3 in BALB/cJ mice. To determine the physiological significance of these differing ratios, blocking antibodies against FcγRIV or CR3 were administered to animals before challenge. Correlating with the relative abundance of each receptor, 3F6-mIgG2a-dependent protection in C57BL/6J mice showed a greater reliance for FcγRIV while protection in BALB/cJ mice was only impaired upon neutralization of CR3. Thus, 3F6-based clearance of S. aureus in mice relies on a strain-specific contribution of variable FcγR- and complement-dependent pathways. We surmise that these variabilities are the result of genetic polymorphism(s) that may be encountered in other mammals including humans and may have clinical implications in predicting the efficacy of mAb-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL60439
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518132, China
| | - Haley Gula
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Tonu Pius
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Margaryta Gomozkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Olaf Schneewind
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL60439
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10
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Significant response to margetuximab in Chinese HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patient who progressed after second-line targeted therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2022:00001813-990000000-00141. [PMID: 36729856 PMCID: PMC10344428 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is one of the key mechanisms of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody treatment. Margetuximab is a fragment C (Fc)-modified chimeric anti-HER2 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that shares epitope specificity with trastuzumab. In this case, we reported that margetuximab plus chemotherapy was effective as later-line therapy in a postmenopausal Chinese woman with metastatic diseases, who was diagnosed with estrogen receptor -, progesterone receptor (PR)-, HER2+ invasive ductal carcinoma. This patient used paclitaxel-albumin plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab as the first-line therapy with progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months, and pyrotinib in combined with vinorelbine as the second-line therapy with a PFS of 17 months. Then she received margetuximab plus capecitabine as the third-line treatment, the metastatic lesions in the liver were obviously shrunk, indicating clinical partial response and the PFS was 7 months. This case revealed that margetuximab plus chemotherapy may be an appropriate option for the patients who progressed after treating with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies and pyrotinib.
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11
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Fall AKDJ, Courtin D, Adamou R, Edslev S, Hansen A, Domingo N, Christiansen M, Adu B, Milet J, Garcia A, Theisen M, Migot-Nabias F, Dechavanne C. Fc Gamma Receptor IIIB NA1/NA2/SH Polymorphisms Are Associated with Malaria Susceptibility and Antibody Levels to P. falciparum Merozoite Antigens in Beninese Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314882. [PMID: 36499205 PMCID: PMC9739279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the influence of polymorphisms in the FCGR2A gene encoding R131H FcgRIIA variants and in the FCGR3B gene (108G > C, 114C > T, 194 A > G, 233C > A, 244 G > A and 316G > A) encoding FcgRIIIB-NA1, -NA2 and -SH variants on malaria susceptibility and antibody responses against P. falciparum merozoite antigens in Beninese children. An active malaria follow-up was conducted in infants from birth to 24 months of age in Allada, Benin. FCGR3B exon 3 was sequenced and FCGR2A exon 4 was genotyped. Antibodies directed to GLURP and MSP3 were quantified by ELISA. Association studies were performed using mixed-effect models. Individual carriage of FCGR3B 194 AA genotype was associated with a high number of malaria infections and a low level of IgG1 against MSP3 and GLURP-R0. High parasitemia and increased malaria infections were observed in infants carrying the FCGR3B*05 108C-114T-194A-233C-244A-316A haplotype. A reduced risk of malaria infections and low parasitemia were related to the carriages of the FCGR3B 108C-114T-194G-233C-244G-316A (FCGR3B*06), FCGR3B 108C−114T−194G−233A−244A−316A (FCGR3B*03 encoding for FcgRIIIB-SH) haplotypes and FCGR3B 297 TT genotype. Our results highlight the impact of FCGR3B polymorphisms on the individual susceptibility to malaria and antibody responses against MSP3 and GLURP in Beninese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Khadre Dit Jadir Fall
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - David Courtin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rafiou Adamou
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou 00229, Benin
| | - Sofie Edslev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Hansen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia Domingo
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou 00229, Benin
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bright Adu
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Michael Theisen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Célia Dechavanne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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Pharmacogenetics Role of Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Factors: A Systematic Review Focusing on mCRC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112468. [PMID: 36432658 PMCID: PMC9693433 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics plays a key role in personalized cancer treatment. Currently, the clinically available pharmacogenetic markers for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are in genes related to drug metabolism, such as DPYD for fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 for irinotecan. Recently, the impact of host variability in inflammatory and immune-response genes on treatment response has gained considerable attention, opening innovative perspectives for optimizing tailored mCRC therapy. A literature review was performed on the predictive role of immune-related germline genetic biomarkers on pharmacological outcomes in patients with mCRC. Particularly, that for efficacy and toxicity was reported and the potential role for clinical management of patients was discussed. Most of the available data regard therapy effectiveness, while the impact on toxicity remains limited. Several studies focused on the effects of polymorphisms in genes related to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (FCGR2A, FCGR3A) and yielded promising but inconclusive results on cetuximab efficacy. The remaining published data are sparse and mainly hypothesis-generating but suggest potentially interesting topics for future pharmacogenetic studies, including innovative gene-drug interactions in a clinical context. Besides the tumor immune escape pathway, genetic markers belonging to cytokines/interleukins (IL-8 and its receptors) and angiogenic mediators (IGF1) seem to be the best investigated and hopefully most promising to be translated into clinical practice after validation.
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Polyneuropathy Associated with IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy; Advances in Genetics and Treatment, Focusing on Anti-MAG Antibodies. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato3040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With increasing age, the chances of developing either MGUS or polyneuropathy increase as well. In some cases, there is a causative relationship between the IgM M-protein and polyneuropathy. In approximately half of these cases, IgM targets the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). This results in chronic polyneuropathy with slowly progressive, predominantly sensory neurological deficits and distally demyelinating features in nerve conduction studies. Despite the disease being chronic and developing slowly, it can cause considerable impairment. We reviewed English medical publications between 1980 and May 2022 on IgM gammopathy-associated polyneuropathy, with special attention to studies addressing the pathophysiology or treatment of anti-MAG polyneuropathy. Treatment options have been limited to a temporizing effect of intravenous immunoglobulins in some patients and a more sustained effect of rituximab but in only 30 to 55 percent of patients. An increase in our knowledge concerning genetic mutations, particularly the MYD88L265P mutation, led to the development of novel targeted treatment options such as BTK inhibitors. Similarly, due to the increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of anti-MAG polyneuropathy, new treatment options are emerging. Since anti-MAG polyneuropathy is a rare disease with diverse symptomatology, large trials with good outcome measures are a challenge.
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14
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FCGR3A gene duplication, FcγRIIb-232TT and FcγRIIIb-HNA1a associate with an increased risk of vertical acquisition of HIV-1. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273933. [PMID: 36084039 PMCID: PMC9462732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) studies suggest that allelic variations of Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) play a role in infant HIV-1 acquisition, but findings are inconsistent. To address the limitations of previous studies, the present study investigates the association between perinatal HIV-1 transmission and FcγR variability in three cohorts of South African infants born to women living with HIV-1. Methods This nested case-control study combines FCGR genotypic data from three perinatal cohorts at two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Children with perinatally-acquired HIV-1 (cases, n = 395) were compared to HIV-1-exposed uninfected children (controls, n = 312). All study participants were black South Africans and received nevirapine for prevention of MTCT. Functional variants were genotyped using a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay, and their representation compared between groups using logistic regression analyses. Results FCGR3A gene duplication associated with HIV-1 acquisition (OR = 10.27; 95% CI 2.00–52.65; P = 0.005) as did the FcγRIIb-232TT genotype even after adjusting for FCGR3A copy number and FCGR3B genotype (AOR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.07–2.76; P = 0.024). The association between FcγRIIb-232TT genotype and HIV-1 acquisition was further strengthened (AOR = 2.28; 95%CI 1.11–4.69; P = 0.024) if adjusted separately for FCGR2C c.134-96C>T. Homozygous FcγRIIIb-HNA1a did not significantly associate with HIV-1 acquisition in a univariate model (OR = 1.42; 95%CI 0.94–2.16; P = 0.098) but attained significance after adjustment for FCGR3A copy number and FCGR2B genotype (AOR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.01–2.38; P = 0.044). Both FcγRIIb-232TT (AOR = 1.83; 95%CI 1.13–2.97; P = 0.014) and homozygous FcγRIIIb-HNA1a (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.07–2.57; P = 0.025) retained significance when birthweight and breastfeeding were added to the model. The common FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms did not associate with HIV-1 acquisition. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that the FcγRIIb-232TT genotype exerts a controlling influence on infant susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We also show a role for less studied variants–FCGR3A duplication and homozygous HNA1a. These findings provide additional insight into a role for FcγRs in HIV-1 infection in children.
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15
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Lim SH, Kim K, Choi CI. Pharmacogenomics of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081265. [PMID: 36013214 PMCID: PMC9410311 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to a highly individualized and personalized approach to patient care. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how an individual’s genomic profile affects their drug response, enabling stable and effective drug selection, minimizing side effects, and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints. It mainly starts in peripheral joints, such as the hands and feet, and progresses to large joints, which causes joint deformation and bone damage due to inflammation of the synovial membrane. Here, we review various pharmacogenetic studies investigating the association between clinical response to monoclonal antibody therapy and their target genetic polymorphisms. Numerous papers have reported that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to the therapeutic response of several monoclonal antibody drugs including adalimumab, infliximab, rituximab, and tocilizumab, which target tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CD20 of B-cells, and interleukin (IL)-6. Additionally, there are some pharmacogenomic studies reporting on the association between the clinical response of monoclonal antibodies having various mechanisms, such as IL-1, IL-17, IL-23, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) inhibition. Biological therapies are currently prescribed on a “trial and error” basis for RA patients. If appropriate drug treatment is not started early, joints may deform, and long-term treatment outcomes may worsen. Pharmacogenomic approaches that predict therapeutic responses for RA patients have the potential to significantly improve patient quality of life and reduce treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Khangyoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5230
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16
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Bignucolo A, Scarabel L, Toffoli G, Cecchin E, De Mattia E. Predicting drug response and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer: the role of germline markers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:689-713. [PMID: 35829762 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the introduction of targeted agents leading to therapeutic advances, clinical management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still challenged by significant interindividual variability in treatment outcomes, both in terms of toxicity and therapy efficacy. The study of germline genetic variants could help to personalize and optimize therapeutic approaches in mCRC. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of pharmacogenetic studies in mCRC patients published on PubMed between 2011 and 2021, evaluating the role of germline variants as predictive markers of toxicity and efficacy of drugs currently approved for treatment of mCRC, was perfomed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large amount of pharmacogenetic data published to date, only a few genetic markers (i.e., DPYD and UGT1A1 variants) reached the clinical practice, mainly to prevent the toxic effects of chemotherapy. The large heterogeneity of available studies represents the major limitation in comparing results and identifying potential markers for clinical use, the role of which remains exploratory in most cases. However, the available published findings are an important starting point for future investigations. They highlighted new promising pharmacogenetic markers within the network of inflammatory and immune response signaling. In addition, the emerging role of previously overlooked rare variants has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
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Hamrun N, Ruslin M, Marlina E, Oktawati S, Saito T, Yusuf ASH, Ou KL. Profile of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism TaqI in patients with periodontitis. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:35. [PMID: 35386105 PMCID: PMC8972835 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the incidence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism TaqI in patients with periodontitis, and the potential association of this polymorphism with the severity of the disease. This was a case-controlled study, which included 162 adults divided into two groups as follows: Case group (81 patients diagnosed with periodontitis) and control group (81 patients without periodontitis). Venous blood was obtained from each sample from which DNA was extracted. The gene polymorphism was determined using restricted fragment length polymorphism-PCR and DNA sequencing to identify endonuclease restrictions in exon 9 (TaqI). The data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. VDR gene polymorphisms were detected in periodontitis cases with TT (86.4%), Tt (12.4%) and tt (1.2%) genotypes. DNA sequencing confirmed a change in the sequence of the VDR gene nucleotides in patients with periodontitis. The data indicated that the severity of periodontal tissue damage may be influenced by changes in the nucleotide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlindah Hamrun
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia,Correspondence to: Dr Nurlindah Hamrun, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ruslin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia
| | - Erni Marlina
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia
| | - Sri Oktawati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Andi Sitti Hajrah Yusuf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90425, Indonesia
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan, R.O.C,Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Hao Y, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Regulatory Role of Fc Receptor in mIgM + B Lymphocyte Phagocytosis in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2022; 12:804244. [PMID: 34975918 PMCID: PMC8718553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor (FcR) is an important opsonin receptor on the surface of immune cells, playing an important role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity. Our previous work found that the FcR of flounder showed a marked expression response in phagocytizing IgM+ B cell, which suggested that FcR might participate in regulating Ig-opsonized phagocytosis. In this paper, in order to elucidate the potential role of FcR in mediating phagocytosis of IgM+ B cell, flounder anti-E. tarda serum was prepared and complement-inactivated for the use of E. tarda opsonization, and the sera of healthy flounder were used as control. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the phagocytosis rates of antiserum-opsonized E. tarda in peripheral blood mIgM+ B lymphocytes were significantly higher than the control group, and higher phagocytosis rates of mIgM+ B lymphocyte could be detected with an increasing incubation time ranging from 1 to 5 h. The phagocytosis rates of antiserum-opsonized E. tarda by mIgM+ B lymphocyte for an incubation time of 1, 3 or 5 h were 51.1, 63.0, and 77.5% respectively, which were significantly higher than the phagocytosis rates in the control groups with 40.2, 50.9, and 63.8%, respectively. While the Fc fragment of IgM on the surface of opsonized E. tarda was blocked by rabbit anti-flounder IgM polyclonal antibodies, phagocytosis rates of mIgM+ B lymphocyte decreased significantly compared with the unblocked group. Moreover, the proportion of mIgM+ B lymphocytes with higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels rose to 32.1% from the control level of 23.0% after phagocytosis of antiserum-opsonized E. tarda. FcγRII and Syk were found to be significantly upregulated, while FcγRIII was significantly downregulated in the mIgM+ B lymphocytes post phagocytosis. Furthermore, when FcγRII of mIgM+ B lymphocytes was blocked by the prepared antibodies, their phagocytosis rate of antiserum-opsonized E. tarda was 39.0%, which was significantly lower than the unblocked group of 54.0%. These results demonstrate that FcR plays a critical role in mediating phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of mIgM+ B lymphocytes, which would facilitate an improved understanding of the regulatory roles of FcR in phagocytosis of teleost B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Nasr A, Aljada A, Hamid O, Elsheikh HA, Masuadi E, Al-Bawab A, Alenazi TH, Abushouk A, Salah AM. Significant differences in FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb genes polymorphism and anti-malarial IgG subclass pattern are associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Saudi children. Malar J 2021; 20:376. [PMID: 34551786 PMCID: PMC8459561 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FcγRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR (IIa, IIIa, and IIIb) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of Plasmodium falciparum infection among Saudi children. Methods A total of 600 volunteers were enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The FcγR genotypes were analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurements of immunoglobulin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results The data revealed that the FcγRIIa-R/R131 showed a statistically significant association with SM patients when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotype among UM patients. Although the FcγRIIa-F/V176 genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the FcγRIIIa-V/V176 genotype offered protection against SM. Moreover, SM patients carrying the FcγRIIIa-F/F genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The FcγRIIIb-NA1/NA1 and FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 genotypes did not show significant differences between the UM and the MFC groups. However, the genotype FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 was statistically significantly associated with SM patients. Conclusions The data presented in this study suggest that the influence of the FcγRIIa-R/R131, FcγRIIIa-F/F176 and FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 genotypes are statistically significantly associated with SM patients. However, the FcγRIIa-H/H13 and FcγRIIIa-V/V176 genotypes have demonstrated a protective effect against SM when compared to UM patients. The impact of the FcyR (IIa, IIIa and IIIb) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play an important role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcome in Saudi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amre Nasr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Immunology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Hamid
- Department of Public Health, Jazan Health Affairs- District Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim A Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, POBox 888, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Department of Immunology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard- Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine-Riyadh, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al-Bawab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Themer H Alenazi
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, RiyadhRiyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Abushouk
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Salah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Kim J, Lee JY, Kim HG, Kwak MW, Kang TH. Fc Receptor Variants and Disease: A Crucial Factor to Consider in the Antibody Therapeutics in Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9489. [PMID: 34502398 PMCID: PMC8431278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of antibodies is responsible for their protective function and long-lasting serum half-life via Fc-mediated effector function, transcytosis, and recycling through its interaction with Fc receptors (FcRs) expressed on various immune leukocytes, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Therefore, the Fc-FcRs interaction is a control point of both endogenous and therapeutic antibody function. There are a number of reported genetic variants of FcRs, which include polymorphisms in (i) extracellular domain of FcRs, which change their affinities to Fc domain of antibodies; (ii) both cytoplasmic and intracellular domain, which alters the extent of signal transduction; and (iii) the promoter region of the FcRs gene, which affects the expression level of FcRs, thus being associated with the pathogenesis of disease indications. In this review, we firstly describe the correlation between the genetic variants of FcRs and immunological disorders by individual differences in the extent of FcRs-mediated regulations. Secondly, we discuss the influence of the genetic variants of FcRs on the susceptibility to infectious diseases or cancer in the perspective of FcRs-induced effector functions. Overall, we concluded that the genetic variants of FcRs are one of the key elements in the design of antibody therapeutics due to their variety of clinical outcomes among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Han Gil Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Min Woo Kwak
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
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21
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Yates JL, Ehrbar DJ, Hunt DT, Girardin RC, Dupuis AP, Payne AF, Sowizral M, Varney S, Kulas KE, Demarest VL, Howard KM, Carson K, Hales M, Ejemel M, Li Q, Wang Y, Peredo-Wende R, Ramani A, Singh G, Strle K, Mantis NJ, McDonough KA, Lee WT. Serological analysis reveals an imbalanced IgG subclass composition associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100329. [PMID: 34151306 PMCID: PMC8205277 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a wide spectrum of disease presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Paradoxically, a direct relationship has been suggested between COVID-19 disease severity and the levels of circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies, including virus-neutralizing titers. A serological analysis of 536 convalescent healthcare workers reveals that SARS-CoV-2-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody levels are elevated in individuals that experience severe disease. The severity-associated increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody is dominated by immunoglobulin G (IgG), with an IgG subclass ratio skewed toward elevated receptor binding domain (RBD)- and S1-specific IgG3. In addition, individuals that experience severe disease show elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody binding to the inflammatory receptor FcɣRIIIa. Based on these correlational studies, we propose that spike-specific IgG subclass utilization may contribute to COVID-19 disease severity through potent Fc-mediated effector functions. These results may have significant implications for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design and convalescent plasma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Yates
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Dylan J. Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Danielle T. Hunt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Roxanne C. Girardin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anne F. Payne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Mycroft Sowizral
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Scott Varney
- Department of Surgery Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Karen E. Kulas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Valerie L. Demarest
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kelly M. Howard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kyle Carson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Margaux Hales
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Monir Ejemel
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Qi Li
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | | | | | - Gurpreet Singh
- Internal Medicine Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Division of Rheumatology Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, The University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Kathleen A. McDonough
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, The University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - William T. Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, The University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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22
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Chaichana P, Jenjaroen K, Chumseng S, Sumonwiriya M, Rongkard P, Kronsteiner B, Teparrukkul P, Limmathurotsakul D, Day NPJ, Chantratita N, Dunachie SJ. Role of Burkholderia pseudomallei-Specific IgG2 in Adults with Acute Melioidosis, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:463-470. [PMID: 33496230 PMCID: PMC7853568 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. An effective vaccine is needed, but data on protective immune responses in human melioidosis are lacking. We used ELISA and an antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay to identify the major features of protective antibodies in patients with acute melioidosis in Thailand. We found that high levels of B. pseudomallei–specific IgG2 are associated with protection against death in a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, diabetes, renal disease, and neutrophil count. Serum from melioidosis survivors enhanced bacteria uptake into human monocytes expressing FcγRIIa-H/R131, an intermediate-affinity IgG2-receptor, compared with serum from nonsurvivors. We did not find this enhancement when using monocytes carrying the low IgG2–affinity FcγRIIa-R131 allele. The findings indicate the importance of IgG2 in protection against death in human melioidosis, a crucial finding for antibody-based therapeutics and vaccine development.
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23
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Moraru M, Perez-Portilla A, Al-Akioui Sanz K, Blazquez-Moreno A, Arnaiz-Villena A, Reyburn HT, Vilches C. FCGR Genetic Variation in Two Populations From Ecuador Highlands-Extensive Copy-Number Variation, Distinctive Distribution of Functional Polymorphisms, and a Novel, Locally Common, Chimeric FCGR3B/A (CD16B/A) Gene. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615645. [PMID: 34108956 PMCID: PMC8183472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR), cell-surface glycoproteins that bind antigen-IgG complexes, control both humoral and cellular immune responses. The FCGR locus on chromosome 1q23.3 comprises five homologous genes encoding low-affinity FcγRII and FcγRIII, and displays functionally relevant polymorphism that impacts on human health. Recurrent events of non-allelic homologous recombination across the FCGR locus result in copy-number variation of ~82.5 kbp-long fragments known as copy-number regions (CNR). Here, we characterize a recently described deletion that we name CNR5, which results in loss of FCGR3A, FCGR3B, and FCGR2C, and generation of a recombinant FCGR3B/A gene. We show that the CNR5 recombination spot lies at the beginning of the third FCGR3 intron. Although the FCGR3B/A-encoded hybrid protein CD16B/A reaches the plasma membrane in transfected cells, its possible natural expression, predictably restricted to neutrophils, could not be demonstrated in resting or interferon γ-stimulated cells. As the CNR5-deletion was originally described in an Ecuadorian family from Llano Grande (an indigenous community in North-Eastern Quito), we characterized the FCGR genetic variation in two populations from the highlands of Ecuador. Our results reveal that CNR5-deletion is relatively frequent in Llano Grande (5 carriers out of 36 donors). Furthermore, we found a high frequency of two strong-phagocytosis variants: the FCGR3B-NA1 haplotype and the CNR1 duplication, which translates into an increased FCGR3B and FCGR2C copy-number. CNR1 duplication was particularly increased in Llano Grande, 77.8% of the studied sample carrying at least one such duplication. In contrast, an extended haplotype CD16A-176V – CD32C-ORF+2B.2 – CD32B-2B.4 including strong activating and inhibitory FcγR variants was absent in Llano Grande and found at a low frequency (8.6%) in Ecuador highlands. This particular distribution of FCGR polymorphism, possibly a result of selective pressures, further confirms the importance of a comprehensive, joint analysis of all genetic variations in the locus and warrants additional studies on their putative clinical impact. In conclusion, our study confirms important ethnic variation at the FCGR locus; it shows a distinctive FCGR polymorphism distribution in Ecuador highlands; provides a molecular characterization of a novel CNR5-deletion associated with CD16A and CD16B deficiency; and confirms its presence in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moraru
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Adriana Perez-Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karima Al-Akioui Sanz
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blazquez-Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
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24
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Fall AKDJ, Dechavanne C, Sabbagh A, Guitard E, Milet J, Garcia A, Dugoujon JM, Courtin D, Migot-Nabias F. Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: Influence of Combined Polymorphisms of IgG3 Gm Allotypes and Fc Gamma Receptors IIA, IIIA, and IIIB. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608016. [PMID: 33424858 PMCID: PMC7786284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) to Fc gamma receptors (FcgR) at the immune cell surface is an important step to initiate immunological defense against malaria. However, polymorphisms in receptors and/or constant regions of the IgG heavy chains may modulate this binding. Here, we investigated whether polymorphisms located in FcgR and constant regions of the heavy chain of IgG are associated with susceptibility to P. falciparum malaria. For this purpose, a clinical and parasitological follow-up on malaria was conducted among 656 infants in southern Benin. G3m allotypes (from total IgG3) were determined by a serological method of hemagglutination inhibition. FcgRIIA 131R/H and FcgRIIIA 176F/V genotypes were determined using the TaqMan method and FcgRIIIB NA1/NA2 genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers. Association analyses between the number of malaria infections during the follow-up and polymorphisms in IgG G3m allotypes and FcgR were studied independently by zero inflated binomial negative regression. The influence of combinations of G3m allotypes and FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB polymorphisms on the number of P. falciparum infections, and their potential interaction with environmental exposure to malaria was assessed by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. Results showed that individual carriage of G3m24 single allotype and of G3m5,6,10,11,13,14,24 phenotype was independently associated with a high risk of malaria infection. A risk effect for G3m6 was observed only under high environmental exposure. FcgRIIIA 176VV single genotype and combined carriage of FcgRIIA 131RH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176FF/FcgRIIIB NA1NA1, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA2NA2 and FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2 genotypes were related to a high number of malaria infections. The risk was accentuated for FcgRIIIA 176VV when considering the influence of environmental exposure to malaria. Finally, the GMDR analysis including environmental exposure showed strengthened associations with a malaria risk when FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB genotypes were combined to G3m5,6,11,24 and G3m5,6,10,11,13,15,24 phenotypes or G3m10 and G3m13 single allotypes. Our results highlight the relevance of studying IgG heavy chain and FcgR polymorphisms, independently as well as in combination, in relation to the individual susceptibility to P. falciparum infection. The intensity of individual exposure to mosquito bites was demonstrated to impact the relationships found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Dechavanne
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Guitard
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - David Courtin
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
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25
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Lin J, Boon L, Bockermann R, Robertson A, Kjellman C, Anderson CC. Desensitization using imlifidase and EndoS enables chimerism induction in allosensitized recipient mice. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2356-2365. [PMID: 32185855 PMCID: PMC7496317 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed hematopoietic chimerism induction as a way to foster tolerance to donor organs in recipients who have been sensitized to donor antigens is challenging. Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are a dominant barrier toward successful donor bone marrow engraftment. Although desensitization methods are routinely used in recipients with allosensitization for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, engraftment is frequently unsuccessful. To overcome the barrier of prior sensitization we tested enzymatic desensitization of donor-specific IgG using imlifidase and endoglycosidase of Streptococcus pyogenes (EndoS), which both partially block the function of DSA in mice, as a novel approach to improve murine bone marrow engraftment in primed hosts. We found that EndoS was capable of inhibiting antibody-mediated killing of donor cells in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of EndoS depended on the titer of DSA and the genetic background of the recipients. In combination with imlifidase, EndoS improved the survival of donor bone marrow cells. Together with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, T cell depletion, and nonlethal irradiation, imlifidase in combination with EndoS allowed allogeneic bone marrow engraftment in sensitized recipients. We conclude that enzymatic inactivation of DSA, using the combination of imlifidase and EndoS, can be used for inducing donor hematopoietic chimerism in allosensitized recipient mice in combination with other desensitization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lin
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada,Alberta Diabetes and Transplant InstitutesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Colin C. Anderson
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada,Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada,Alberta Diabetes and Transplant InstitutesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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26
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Hayat S, Babu G, Das A, Howlader ZH, Mahmud I, Islam Z. Fc-gamma IIIa-V158F receptor polymorphism contributes to the severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1040-1049. [PMID: 32484314 PMCID: PMC7317642 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, life‐threatening disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Immunoglobulin G Fc‐gamma receptors (FcγRs) mediate and regulate diverse effector functions and are involved in the pathogenesis of GBS. We investigated whether the FcγR polymorphisms FcγRIIa H/R131 (rs1801274), FcγRIIIa V/F158 (rs396991), and FcγRIIIb NA1/NA2, and their haplotype patterns affect the affinity of IgG‐FcγR interactivity and influence GBS susceptibility and severity. Methods We determined FcγR polymorphisms in 303 patients with GBS and 302 ethnically matched healthy individuals from Bangladesh by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns were analyzed based on D ´statistics and the genotype package of R statistics, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and Fisher’s exact test with corrected P (Pc) values were employed for statistical comparisons. Results FcγRIIIa‐V158F was associated with the severe form of GBS compared to the mild form (P = 0.005, OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.28–3.91; Pc = 0.015); however, FcγR genotypes and haplotype patterns did not show any association with GBS susceptibility compared to healthy controls. FcγRIIIa‐V/V158 and FcγRIIIb‐NA2/2 were associated with recent Campylobacter jejuni infection (P ≤ 0.001, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.23–0.56; Pc ≤ 0.003 and P = 0.004, OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18–2.44; Pc ≤ 0.012, respectively). Haplotype 1 (FcγRIIa‐H131R‐ FcγRIIIa‐V158F‐ FcγRIIIb‐NA1/2) and the FcγRIIIb‐NA2/2 genotype were more prevalent among anti‐GM1 antibody‐positive patients (P = 0.031, OR = 9.61, 95% CI = 1.24–74.77, Pc = 0.279; P = 0.027, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.06–2.5, Pc = 0.081, respectively). Interpretation FcγR polymorphisms and haplotypes are not associated with susceptibility to GBS, though the FcγRIIIa‐V158F genotype is associated with the severity of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Golap Babu
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Avizit Das
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zakir Hossain Howlader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaq Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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27
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Lima M. Laboratory studies for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, with emphasis on flow cytometry. Pract Lab Med 2020; 20:e00158. [PMID: 32195308 PMCID: PMC7078534 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2020.e00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder caused by somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene, leading to the production of blood cells with absent or decreased expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, including CD55 and CD59. Clinically, PNH is classified into three variants: classic (hemolytic), in the setting of another specified bone marrow disorder (such as aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome) and subclinical (asymptomatic). PNH testing is recommended for patients with intravascular hemolysis, acquired bone marrow failure syndromes and thrombosis with unusual features. Despite the availability of consensus guidelines for PNH diagnosis and monitoring, there are still discrepancies on how PNH tests are carried out, and these technical variations may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. Herein, we provide a brief historical overview of PNH, focusing on the laboratory tests available and on the current recommendations for PNH diagnosis and monitoring based in flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lima
- Laboratório de Citometria, Unidade de Diagnóstico Hematológico, Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Citometria, Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Ex-CICAP, Rua D. Manuel II, s/n, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Minetto P, Guolo F, Pesce S, Greppi M, Obino V, Ferretti E, Sivori S, Genova C, Lemoli RM, Marcenaro E. Harnessing NK Cells for Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2836. [PMID: 31867006 PMCID: PMC6908847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. NK cells are innate lymphocytes with an array of functional competences, including anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-graft-vs.-host disease potential. The intriguing idea of harnessing such potent innate immune system effectors for cancer treatment led to the development of clinical trials based on the adoptive therapy of NK cells or on the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the main NK cell immune checkpoints. Indeed, checkpoint immunotherapy that targets inhibitory receptors of T cells, reversing their functional blocking, marked a breakthrough in anticancer therapy, opening new approaches for cancer immunotherapy and resulted in extensive research on immune checkpoints. However, the clinical efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy presents a series of limitations, including the inability of T cells to recognize and kill HLA-Ineg tumor cells. For these reasons, new strategies for cancer immunotherapy are now focusing on NK cells. Blockade with NK cell checkpoint inhibitors that reverse their functional block may overcome the limitations of T cell-based immunotherapy, mainly against HLA-Ineg tumor targets. Here, we discuss recent anti-tumor approaches based on mAb-mediated blocking of immune checkpoints (either restricted to NK cells or shared with T cells), used either as a single agent or in combination with other compounds, that have demonstrated promising clinical responses in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Minetto
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Obino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Massimo Lemoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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29
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Maeda H, Hazama S, Iwamoto S, Oba K, Tsunedomi R, Okayama N, Suehiro Y, Yamasaki T, Nakagami Y, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Sakamoto J, Mishima H, Nagata N. Association between polymorphisms in EGFR and tumor response during cetuximab and oxaliplatin-based combination therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of data from two clinical trials. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4555-4562. [PMID: 31611963 PMCID: PMC6781779 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting tumor response prior to starting anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy would benefit patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The present study investigated the association between efficacy of cetuximab treatment and gene polymorphisms of fragment C γ receptor (FcγR) 2A, FcγR3A and EGFR in patients with extended RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC. Clinical data and specimens were obtained from 90 patients who participated in either of two clinical studies evaluating the first-line, cetuximab plus oxaliplatin-based treatment. It was hypothesized that polymorphisms H/H of FcγR2A, V/V of FcγR3A, K/K of EGFR and <36 CA repeats in the EGFR gene may be associated with a favorable tumor response. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with the H/H polymorphism tended to have an improved tumor response compared with the non-H/H population, although the result was not significant [odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–5.66; P=0.09]. Univariate analysis revealed increased tumor shrinkage in patients with the K/K polymorphism of EGFR compared with the other polymorphisms (mean ± standard deviation, −55.3±28.4 vs. −39.6±40.8%; P=0.04). Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed that the K/K polymorphism of EGFR predicted greater tumor shrinkage (multiple linear regression analysis estimate, −19.3; 95% CI, −35.5 to 3.0; P=0.02), with the tendency toward a preferable response in patients with <36 CA EGFR gene repeats (estimate, −16.9; 95% CI; −34.4 to 0.6; P=0.06). However, other polymorphisms and clinical variables did not predict tumor shrinkage. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that polymorphisms of EGFR, FcγR2A and FcγR3A may differentiate the patients that obtain the maximum benefit from cetuximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Maeda
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Iwamoto
- Cancer Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Okayama
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Mishima
- Cancer Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoki Nagata
- Kitakyushu General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8517, Japan
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30
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Nagelkerke SQ, Schmidt DE, de Haas M, Kuijpers TW. Genetic Variation in Low-To-Medium-Affinity Fcγ Receptors: Functional Consequences, Disease Associations, and Opportunities for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2237. [PMID: 31632391 PMCID: PMC6786274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) are the cellular receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Upon binding of complexed IgG, FcγRs can trigger various cellular immune effector functions, thereby linking the adaptive and innate immune systems. In humans, six classic FcγRs are known: one high-affinity receptor (FcγRI) and five low-to-medium-affinity FcγRs (FcγRIIA, -B and -C, FcγRIIIA and -B). In this review we describe the five genes encoding the low-to-medium -affinity FcγRs (FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), including well-characterized functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes as well as copy number variants (CNVs), which occur in distinct copy number regions across the locus. The evolution of the locus is also discussed. Importantly, we recommend a consistent nomenclature of genetic variants in the FCGR2/3 locus. Next, we focus on the relevance of genetic variation in the FCGR2/3 locus in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, highlighting pathophysiological insights that are informed by genetic association studies. Finally, we illustrate how specific FcγR variants relate to variation in treatment responses and prognosis amongst autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant immunology, suggesting novel opportunities for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E Schmidt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Jon J. van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Kamburova EG, Hoitsma A, Claas FH, Otten HG. Results and reflections from the PROfiling Consortium on Antibody Repertoire and Effector functions in kidney transplantation: A mini-review. HLA 2019; 94:129-140. [PMID: 31099989 PMCID: PMC6772180 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The waiting time for a deceased donor kidney in the Netherlands is approximately 3 years. Mortality among patients on the waiting list is high. The aim of the PROCARE consortium (PROfiling Consortium on Antibody Repertoire and Effector functions) was to decrease the waiting time by providing a matching algorithm yielding a prolonged graft survival and less HLA-immunization compared with the currently used Eurotransplant Kidney allocation system. In this study, 6097 kidney transplants carried out between January 1995 and December 2005 were re-examined with modern laboratory techniques and insights that were not available during that time period. In this way, we could identify potential new parameters that can be used to improve the matching algorithm and prolong graft survival. All eight University Medical Centers in the Netherlands participated in this multicenter study. To improve the matching algorithm, we used as central hypothesis that the combined presence of class-I and -II single-antigen bead (SAB)-defined donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) prior to transplantation, non-HLA antibodies, the number of B- and/or T-cell epitopes recognized on donor HLA, and specific polymorphisms in effector mechanisms of IgG were associated with an increased risk for graft failure. The purpose of this article is to relate the results obtained from the PROCARE consortium study to other studies published in recent years. The clinical relevance of SAB-defined DSA, complement-fixing DSA, non-HLA antibodies, and the effector functions of (non)-HLA-antibodies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Kamburova
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Andries Hoitsma
- Dutch Organ Transplant Registry (NOTR)Dutch Transplant Foundation (NTS)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Frans H. Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Henny G. Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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32
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Zhang Y, Fan C, Zhang L, Ma X. Glycosylation-dependent antitumor therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:471-485. [PMID: 31030759 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic market for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has grown exponentially since 2000. It is expected that the world-wide market for MAbs could reach $125 billion in 2020. For cancer treatment alone, more than 30 MAbs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration since 1997. Unlike structure-defined small molecule-based anti-cancer drugs, the expensive MAb is a mixture of heterogeneously glycosylated proteins. All MAbs typically have a single N-glycosylation site on each of the Fc region. The clinical efficacy of the MAbs depends on the N-glycan structures. Loss of N-glycosylation on the MAbs leads to the loss of the ability to activate complement, to bind to Fc receptors, and to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, antigen-antibody complexes produced from N-glycan-deficient MAbs are failed to be eliminated rapidly from the blood circulation. Even in certain cases, the N-glycan heterogeneity does not significantly influence pharmacokinetics or half-life of MAbs, reduced terminal galactosylation decreases complement-dependent cytotoxicity, the absence of core fucosylation enhances ADCC due to the increased affinities for the FcγRIIIа receptor, and high sialylation levels reduce ADCC activity and impact inflammatory responses. Furthermore, only mammalian cell lines that make human-like N-glycan structures can be used for MAbs production since certain mammalian cell lines can produce non-human glycan epitopes such as galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), which can trigger unwanted immune response. Therefore, mastering the knowledge of N-glycan structures and glycobiology is the key to produce and provide patients with reliable MAbs with consistent glycosylation profile and expected clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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D'Eall C, Pon RA, Rossotti MA, Krahn N, Spearman M, Callaghan D, van Faassen H, Hussack G, Stetefeld J, Butler M, Durocher Y, Zhang J, Henry KA, Tanha J. Modulating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of epidermal growth factor receptor-specific heavy-chain antibodies through hinge engineering. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:526-537. [PMID: 30680791 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies (Abs) can mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and engineering of the Ab Fc (point mutation; defucosylation) has been shown to affect ADCC by modulating affinity for FcRγIIIa. In the absence of a CH 1 domain, many camelid heavy-chain Abs (HCAbs) naturally bear very long and flexible hinge regions connecting their VH H and CH 2 domains. To better understand the influence of hinge length and structure on HCAb ADCC, we produced a series of hinge-engineered epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific chimeric camelid VH H-human Fc Abs and characterized their affinities for recombinant EGFR and FcRγIIIa, their binding to EGFR-positive tumor cells, and their ability to elicit ADCC. In the case of one chimeric HCAb (EG2-hFc), we found that variants bearing longer hinges (IgG3 or camelid hinge regions) showed dramatically improved ADCC in comparison with a variant bearing the human IgG1 hinge, in similar fashion to a variant with reduced CH 2 fucosylation. Conversely, an EG2-hFc variant bearing a truncated human IgG1 upper hinge region failed to elicit ADCC. However, there was no consistent association between hinge length and ADCC for four similarly engineered chimeric HCAbs directed against distinct EGFR epitopes. These findings demonstrate that the ADCC of some HCAbs can be modulated simply by varying the length of the Ab hinge. Although this effect appears to be heavily epitope-dependent, this strategy may be useful to consider during the design of VH H-based therapeutic Abs for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D'Eall
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robert A Pon
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Martin A Rossotti
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Natalie Krahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maureen Spearman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deborah Callaghan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jamshid Tanha
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
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34
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Identification of complement-related host genetic risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outcome: challenges ahead. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:631-640. [PMID: 30306260 PMCID: PMC7102177 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza remains an important threat for human health, despite the extensive study of influenza viruses and the production of effective vaccines. In contrast to virus genetics determinants, host genetic factors with clinical impact remained unexplored until recently. The association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and influenza outcome in a European population was investigated in the present study. All samples were collected during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 post-pandemic period 2010-11 and a sufficient number of severe and fatal cases was included. Host genomic DNA was isolated from pharyngeal samples of 110 patients from northern Greece with severe (n = 59) or mild (n = 51) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 disease, at baseline, and the genotype of CD55 rs2564978, C1QBP rs3786054 and FCGR2A rs1801274 SNPs was investigated. Our findings suggest a relationship between the two complement-related SNPs, namely, the rare TT genotype of CD55 and the rare AA genotype of C1QBP with increased death risk. No significant differences were observed for FCGR2A genotypes neither with fatality nor disease severity. Additional large-scale genetic association studies are necessary for the identification of reliable host genetic risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outcome. Prophylactic intervention of additional high-risk populations, according to their genetic profile, will be a key achievement for the fight against influenza viruses.
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35
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Wågström P, Yamada-Fowler N, Dahle C, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Å, Bengnér M, Söderkvist P, Björkander J. Fcγ-receptor polymorphisms associated with clinical symptoms in patients with immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 50:853-858. [PMID: 30298768 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1510183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiencies (IgGsd) are associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Immunoglobulin substitution therapy may be needed to prevent chronic lung tissue damage but tools for identifying the patients that will benefit from this treatment are still insufficient. Some FcγR polymorphisms seem to predispose for an increased risk for infections. In this study we wanted to evaluate if the FcγR-profile differs between individuals with IgGsd and a control population. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIc in 36 IgGsd patients and 192 controls with similar sex and geographical distribution were analyzed by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay or Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In the IgGsd-group, homozygous frequency for FcγRIIa-R/R131 (low-binding capacity isoform) was higher (p = .03) as well as for non-classical FcγRIIc-ORF (p = .03) and classical FcγRIIc-ORF tended (p = .07) to be more common compared to the controls. There was no difference between the groups regarding FcγRIIIa. CONCLUSION The gene for classical FcγRIIc-ORF tended to be more frequent in individuals with immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency and the genes for non-classical FcγRIIc-ORF as well as low-binding capacity receptor FcγRIIa-R/R131 were more frequent. Further studies on the FcγR polymorphisms may pave way for identifying individuals that will benefit from immunoglobulin substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wågström
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Naomi Yamada-Fowler
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University, Division of Cell Biology , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- c Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson
- d Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Malin Bengnér
- e Office for Control of Communicable Diseases , Ryhov County Hospital , Jönköping , Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University, Division of Cell Biology , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Janne Björkander
- f Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Linköping University , Sweden
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36
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Simtong P, Romphruk AV, Traum A, Burg-Roderfeld M, Bein G, Jakubowski K, Dominik A, Theisen M, Kana IH, Sachs UJ, Santoso S. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Fcγ Receptor IIIb-Ligand Interaction: Implications for Neutrophil-Mediated Immune Mechanisms in Malaria. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00924-17. [PMID: 29784860 PMCID: PMC6056857 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00924-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb) is a low-affinity receptor of IgG and is essential in neutrophil-mediated effector functions. Different allelic forms of FcγRIIIb carrying human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1a, -1b, -1c, and -1d) have been identified. Here, we have generated stable transfected HEK293 cell lines expressing HNA-1aa, -1bb, and -1bc. Of these, cells expressing HNA-1bc interacted significantly stronger (binding affinities, 2.277 versus 0.743) with human IgG than cells expressing the HNA-1aa or -1bb alloforms. The higher affinity of IgG toward the HNA-1c alloform was confirmed using neutrophils derived from German blood donors. Neutrophils from HNA-1abc-phenotyped individuals bound IgG significantly stronger (1.825 versus 0.903) than did neutrophils from HNA-1ab-typed individuals. These findings were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrating that recombinant HNA-1bc had a higher affinity (dissociation constant [Kd ], 7.24 × 10-6 M) than recombinant HNA-1bb (Kd , 1.15 × 10-5 M) against normal IgG. Finally, we demonstrated that Plasmodium falciparum merozoites opsonized with human IgG affinity purified against P. falciparum glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) enhanced stronger reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission in neutrophils obtained from HNA-1abc donors than in neutrophils from HNA-1ab donors. Collectively, these results indicate that the amino acid substitution Ala78Asp resulting in the HNA-1c allotype leads to higher affinity toward human IgG, enhancement of neutrophil activation, and possibly effective clearance of malaria by intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Simtong
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amornrat V Romphruk
- Blood Transfusion Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Annalena Traum
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Burg-Roderfeld
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
| | - Gregor Bein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Jakubowski
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dominik
- THM University of Applied Sciences, KITE Centre of Excellence for Information Technology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Theisen
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ikhlaq Hussain Kana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich J Sachs
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Olaru F, Döbel T, Lonsdorf AS, Oehrl S, Maas M, Enk AH, Schmitz M, Gröne EF, Gröne HJ, Schäkel K. Intracapillary immune complexes recruit and activate slan-expressing CD16+ monocytes in human lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96492. [PMID: 29875315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a major cause of morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Among the different types of lupus nephritis, intracapillary immune complex (IC) deposition and accumulation of monocytes are hallmarks of lupus nephritis class III and IV. The relevance of intracapillary ICs in terms of monocyte recruitment and activation, as well as the nature and function of these monocytes are not well understood. For the early focal form of lupus nephritis (class III) we demonstrate a selective accumulation of the proinflammatory population of 6-sulfo LacNAc+ (slan) monocytes (slanMo), which locally expressed TNF-α. Immobilized ICs induced a direct recruitment of slanMo from the microcirculation via interaction with Fc γ receptor IIIA (CD16). Interestingly, intravenous immunoglobulins blocked CD16 and prevented cell recruitment. Engagement of immobilized ICs by slanMo induced the production of neutrophil-attracting chemokine CXCL2 as well as TNF-α, which in a forward feedback loop stimulated endothelial cells to produce the slanMo-recruiting chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine). In conclusion, we observed that expression of CD16 equips slanMo with a unique capacity to orchestrate early IC-induced inflammatory responses in glomeruli and identified slanMo as a pathogenic proinflammatory cell type in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Olaru
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Döbel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke S Lonsdorf
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Oehrl
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Maas
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth F Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-J Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Human IgG subclass cross-species reactivity to mouse and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptors. Immunol Lett 2018; 197:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ellithy HN, Ahmed SH, Shahin GH, Matter MM, Talatt M. The impact of Fc gamma receptor IIa and IIIa gene polymorphisms on the therapeutic response of rituximab in Egyptian adult immune thrombocytopenic purpura. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 23:169-174. [PMID: 28856973 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1371479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background In chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), rituximab removes the harmful autoantibodies through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The response to rituximab in ITP is variable; the effectiveness of rituximab is influenced by the process of activation of effector fragment C gamma receptors (FcγRs). Genetic factors may affect the response to rituximab. Objectives The influence of FcγRIIa (H131R) and FcγRIIIa (V158F) gene polymorphisms on the response to rituximab in ITP. Methods One hundred ITP patients were genotyped for FcγRIIa (H131R) and FcγRIIIa (V158F) gene polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The response at the end of the third month was assessed by direct platelets count. Polymorphisms were analyzed in relation to the response. Results The mean platelets count at end of weeks 1-4 of rituximab was statistically significantly higher in patients who achieved complete response (CR) than partial response or no response (P-value = .001). Although RR (44.4%) and HR (38.9%) genotypes were observed to be higher in patients who achieved CR compared with the wild (HH) genotype (16.7%), it was not statistically significantly different (P-value = .648). Conclusion The higher platelet count achieved early is predictive for a better response to rituximab later. FCγRIIA polymorphisms did not significantly influence response to rituximab in ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend N Ellithy
- a Clinical Hematology Unit - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Salwa H Ahmed
- a Clinical Hematology Unit - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Gehan H Shahin
- b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mervat M Matter
- a Clinical Hematology Unit - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Talatt
- a Clinical Hematology Unit - Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Koch J, Tesar M. Recombinant Antibodies to Arm Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Cancer Immunotherapy. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:337-350. [PMID: 29070979 PMCID: PMC5649249 DOI: 10.1159/000479981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has the potential to support and expand the body's own armamentarium of immune effector functions, which have been circumvented during malignant transformation and establishment of cancer and is presently considered to be the most promising treatment option for cancer patients. Recombinant antibody technologies have led to a multitude of novel antibody formats, which are in clinical development and hold great promise for future therapies. Among these formats, bispecific antibodies are extremely versatile due to their high efficacy to recruit and activate anti-tumoral immune effector cells, their excellent safety profile, and the opportunity for use in combination with cellular therapies. This review article summarizes the latest developments in cancer immunotherapy using immuno-engagers for recruiting T cells and NK cells to the tumor site. In addition to antibody formats, malignant cell targets, and immune cell targets, opportunities for combination therapies, including check point inhibitors, cytokines and adoptive transfer of immune cells, will be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Koch
- Affimed GmbH, Technologiepark, Heidelberg, Germany
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Murdaca G, Negrini S, Magnani O, Penza E, Pellecchio M, Puppo F. Impact of pharmacogenomics upon the therapeutic response to etanercept in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:1173-1179. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1361404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Ottavia Magnani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Penza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Pellecchio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Genova and Hospital Polyclinic San Martino, Genova, Italy
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The influence of FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms on the survival of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell head and neck cancer treated with cetuximab. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:474-479. [PMID: 28719596 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
FCGR2A-H131R and FCGR3A-V157F are single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to influence the outcome of patients treated with rituximab, cetuximab and trastuzumab. We investigated the impact of these polymorphisms on the clinical outcome of 103 patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with a platinum compound, fluorouracil and cetuximab as palliative first-line therapy. The survival of patients with FCGR2A-131H/H and/or FCGR3A-157V/V genotypes was significantly longer compared with patients carrying 131R and 157F alleles (median progression-free survival (PFS): 5.5 vs 4.1 months, P=0.02; median overall survival: 10.2 vs 7.2 months, P=0.04). In multivariate analysis, the FCGR2A and 3A genotypes as well as the time between initial diagnosis and relapse of disease not amenable to curative therapy remained the only independent prognostic factors for PFS. The results are in line with previous reports in colorectal cancer patients and confirm the possible value of genetic polymorphisms of immunocompetent cells for the success of cetuximab treatment.
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Das LK, Ide K, Tanaka A, Morimoto H, Shimizu S, Tanimine N, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Fc-gamma receptor 3A polymorphism predicts the incidence of urinary tract infection in kidney-transplant recipients. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:357-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Cancer treatment is becoming more and more individually based as a result of the large inter-individual differences that exist in treatment outcome and toxicity when patients are treated using population-based drug doses. Polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can significantly influence uptake, metabolism, and elimination of anticancer drugs. As a result, the altered pharmacokinetics can greatly influence drug efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacogenetic screening and/or drug-specific phenotyping of cancer patients eligible for treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, prior to the start of anticancer treatment, can identify patients with tumors that are likely to be responsive or resistant to the proposed drugs. Similarly, the identification of patients with an increased risk of developing toxicity would allow either dose adaptation or the application of other targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of genetic polymorphisms significantly altering the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. Polymorphisms in DPYD, TPMT, and UGT1A1 have been described that have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil, mercaptopurine, and irinotecan, respectively. For other drugs, however, the association of polymorphisms with pharmacokinetics is less clear. To date, the influence of genetic variations on the pharmacokinetics of the increasingly used monoclonal antibodies has hardly been investigated. Some studies indicate that genes encoding the Fcγ-receptor family are of interest, but more research is needed to establish if screening before the start of therapy is beneficial. Considering the profound impact of polymorphisms in drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs and hence, their toxicity and efficacy, pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic profiling should become the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, F0-220, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rosales C. Fcγ Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 28373871 PMCID: PMC5357773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies participate in defense of the organism from all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. IgG antibodies recognize their associated antigen via their two Fab portions and are in turn recognized though their Fc portion by specific Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on the membrane of immune cells. Multiple types and polymorphic variants of FcγR exist. These receptors are expressed in many cells types and are also redundant in inducing cell responses. Crosslinking of FcγR on the surface of leukocytes activates several effector functions aimed toward the destruction of pathogens and the induction of an inflammatory response. In the past few years, new evidence on how the particular IgG subclass and the glycosylation pattern of the antibody modulate the IgG-FcγR interaction has been presented. Despite these advances, our knowledge of what particular effector function is activated in a certain cell and in response to a specific type of FcγR remains very limited today. On one hand, each immune cell could be programmed to perform a particular cell function after FcγR crosslinking. On the other, each FcγR could activate a particular signaling pathway leading to a unique cell response. In this review, I describe the main types of FcγRs and our current view of how particular FcγRs activate various signaling pathways to promote unique leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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46
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Moritz B, Stracke JO. Assessment of disulfide and hinge modifications in monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:769-785. [PMID: 27982442 PMCID: PMC5413849 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last years there was a substantial increase in the use of antibodies and related proteins as therapeutics. The emphasis of the pharmaceutical industry is on IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 antibodies, which are therefore in the focus of this article. In order to ensure appropriate quality control of such biopharmaceuticals, deep understanding of their chemical degradation pathways and the resulting impact on potency, pharmacokinetics, and safety is required. Criticality of modifications may be specific for individual antibodies and has to be assessed for each molecule. However, some modifications of conserved structure elements occur in all or at least most IgGs. In these cases, criticality assessment may be applicable to related molecules or molecule formats. The relatively low dissociation energy of disulfide bonds and the high flexibility of the hinge region frequently lead to modifications and cleavages. Therefore, the hinge region and disulfide bonds require specific consideration during quality assessment of mAbs. In this review, available literature knowledge on underlying chemical reaction pathways of modifications, analytical methods for quantification and criticality are discussed. The hinge region is prone to cleavage and is involved in pathways that lead to thioether bond formation, cysteine racemization, and iso‐Asp (Asp, aspartic acid) formation. Disulfide or sulfhydryl groups were found to be prone to reductive cleavage, trisulfide formation, cysteinylation, glutathionylation, disulfide bridging to further light chains, and disulfide scrambling. With regard to potency, disulfide cleavage, hinge cleavage, disulfide bridging to further light chains, and cysteinylation were found to influence antigen binding and fragment crystallizable (Fc) effector functionalities. Renal clearance of small fragments may be faster, whereas clearance of larger fragments appears to depend on their neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) functionality, which in turn may be impeded by disulfide bond cleavage. Certain modifications such as disulfide induced aggregation and heterodimers from different antibodies are generally regarded critical with respect to safety. However, the detection of some modifications in endogenous antibodies isolated from human blood and the possibility of in vivo repair mechanisms may reduce some safety concerns.
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Sun Y, Mo L, Feng X, Yang D, Tan T, Zeng L, Hui L, Wang Y, Liu C, He L. Association of Fcgamma receptor type 2A and 3A genotypes with rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese population. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:255-264. [PMID: 28112584 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM SNPs of FcγRs were implicated in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and treatment efficacy of TNF inhibitors (TNFi). This study aims to investigate the associations of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa genotypes with autoantibody production and treatment response to TNFi in Chinese patients with RA. PATIENTS & METHODS FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa polymorphisms were genotyped in 158 RA patients. Response to TNFi was evaluated in 18 patients at 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS FcγRIIa-131H allele was significantly increased in autoantibody-negative RA patients. FcγRIIa-131H/H+H/R was closely associated with differences in 28-joint disease activity score in patients at months 3 and 6 of TNFi treatment. CONCLUSION FcγRIIa-131H allele may have a protective role in autoantibody production and might be a biomarker for predicting good response to TNFi in Chinese RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lingfei Mo
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiuyuan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Eureka Therapeutics (Beijing) Inc., B1111, Xueyan Building, Tsinghua Science Park, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Taochao Tan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Eureka Therapeutics (Beijing) Inc., B1111, Xueyan Building, Tsinghua Science Park, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lingyun Hui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Eureka Therapeutics (Beijing) Inc., B1111, Xueyan Building, Tsinghua Science Park, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Fc Gamma Receptor IIA (CD32A) R131 Polymorphism as a Marker of Genetic Susceptibility to Sepsis. Inflammation 2017; 39:518-25. [PMID: 26490967 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a devastating disease that can affect humans at any time between neonates and the elderly and is associated with mortality rates that range from 30 to 80%. Despite intensive efforts, its treatment has remained the same over the last few decades. Fc receptors regulate multiple immune responses and have been investigated in diverse complex diseases. FcγRIIA (CD32A) is an immunoreceptor, tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing receptor that binds immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein, important opsonins in host defense. We conducted a study of 702 patients (184 healthy individuals, 171 non-infected critically ill patients, and 347 sepsis patients) to investigate if genetic polymorphisms in the CD32A coding region affect the risk of septic shock. All individuals were genotyped for a variant at position 131 of the FcγRIIA gene. We found that allele G, associated with the R131 genotype, was significantly more frequent in septic patients than in the other groups (p = 0.05). Our data indicate that FcγRIIA genotyping can be used as a marker of genetic susceptibility to sepsis.
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49
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Li W, Yang H, Dimitrov DS. Identification of high-affinity anti-CD16A allotype-independent human antibody domains. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:281-289. [PMID: 27712994 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD16A (FcγRIIIA) is an activating receptor mostly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes/macrophages. It can mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through low-affinity interaction with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc. It can also mediate cell lysis if NK cells are guided by bispecific killer cells engagers (BiKEs). BiKEs showed some success in clinical trials of cancer and are promising candidate therapeutics. However, currently reported BiKEs are based on antibody fragments (scFvs) of relatively large size. The CD16A-specific antibodies are also typically from animal origin. Decreasing the BiKE size could result in enhanced penetration into solid tumor and normal tissues, and using fully human antibodies could decrease the likelihood of immunogenicity. Here we report the identification and characterization of two antibody domains, D6 and E11, isolated from a very large human VH antibody domain library displayed on phage. D6 and E11 bound CD16A with EC50 of 4nM and 8nM, respectively, but not other Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) such as CD64 (FcγRI), CD32 (FcγRII) and CD16B (FcγRIIIB). They bound to both CD16A allotypes (158F,V) with equal affinity and competed with each other as well as with human IgG1 and the mouse anti-CD16A antibody 3G8. These and other results were used to build a molecular docking model predicting that D6 and E11 may bind to the CD16A membrane proximal D2 domain by interacting with its BC, C'E and EF loops. Importantly, cross-linked (bivalent) D6 and E11 induced secretion of IL-2 after binding to CD16A-expressing Jurkat T cells. The small size of these antibody domains combined with their high-affinity, specific, allotype-independent, activating interactions with CD16A could allow generation of novel highly effective BiKEs and other candidate protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Hongjia Yang
- Palisades Charter High School, 15777 Bowdoin St, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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50
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Swisher JFA, Feldman GM. The many faces of FcγRI: implications for therapeutic antibody function. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:160-74. [PMID: 26497519 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI or CD64) is the sole human Fc receptor with high affinity for monovalent IgG. While it contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in its cytoplasmic domain, binding of FcγRI can result in a complex array of activating and inhibitory outcomes. For instance, binding of monomeric IgG provides a low-intensity tonic signal through FcγRI that is necessary for full interferon γ receptor signaling in the same cell. Interaction of FcγRI with larger high-avidity complexes can result in phagocytosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines. However, numerous reports also document potent anti-inflammatory effects brought about by FcγRI engagement with immune complexes such as the inhibition of IFNγ and TLR4 signaling, and secretion of interleukin-10. This has led to conflicting hypotheses regarding the function of FcγRI, especially with regard to its role in the efficacy of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. While many of these issues are still unclear, continued characterization of the regulation and context dependence of FcγRI function, as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for these various outcomes, will improve our understanding of FcγRI biology as well as the therapeutic strategies designed to harness or constrain its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F A Swisher
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gerald M Feldman
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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