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Yang Y, Qiu YT, Li WK, Cui ZL, Teng S, Wang YD, Wu J. Multi-Omics analysis elucidates tumor microenvironment and intratumor microbes of angiogenesis subtypes in colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3169-3192. [PMID: 39072166 PMCID: PMC11271793 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in colon cancer (CC) progression. AIM To investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and intratumor microbes of angiogenesis subtypes (AGSs) and explore potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy in CC. METHODS The data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database. K-means clustering was used to construct the AGSs. The prognostic model was constructed based on the differential genes between two subtypes. Single-cell analysis was used to analyze the expression level of SLC2A3 on different cells in CC, which was validated by immunofluorescence. Its biological functions were further explored in HUVECs. RESULTS CC samples were grouped into two AGSs (AGS-A and AGS-B) groups and patients in the AGS-B group had poor prognosis. Further analysis revealed that the AGS-B group had high infiltration of TME immune cells, but also exhibited high immune escape. The intratumor microbes were also different between the two subtypes. A convenient 6-gene angiogenesis-related signature (ARS), was established to identify AGSs and predict the prognosis in CC patients. SLC2A3 was selected as the representative gene of ARS, which was higher expressed in endothelial cells and promoted the migration of HUVECs. CONCLUSION Our study identified two AGSs with distinct prognoses, TME, and intratumor microbial compositions, which could provide potential explanations for the impact on the prognosis of CC. The reliable ARS model was further constructed, which could guide the personalized treatment. The SLC2A3 might be a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Ting Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zi-Lu Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuo Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya-Dan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, China
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Giliazeva A, Akosah Y, Noack J, Mardanova A. Adhesion of Klebsiella oxytoca to bladder or lung epithelial cells is promoted by the presence of other opportunistic pathogens. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106642. [PMID: 38599551 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal and respiratory tracts of healthy individuals serve as habitats for a diverse array of microorganisms, among which Klebsiella oxytoca holds significance as a causative agent in numerous community- and hospital-acquired infections, often manifesting in polymicrobial contexts. In specific circumstances, K. oxytoca, alongside other constituents of the gut microbiota, undergoes translocation to distinct physiological niches. In these new environments, it engages in close interactions with other microbial community members. As this interaction may progress to co-infection where the virulence of involved pathogens may be promoted and enhance disease severity, we investigated how K. oxytoca affects the adhesion of commonly co-isolated bacteria and vice versa during co-incubation of different biotic and abiotic surfaces. Co-incubation was beneficial for the adhesion of at least one of the two co-cultured strains. K. oxytoca enhanced the adhesion of other enterobacteria strains to polystyrene and adhered more efficiently to bladder or lung epithelial cell lines in the presence of most enterobacteria strains and S. aureus. This effect was accompanied by bacterial coaggregation mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions occurring between bacteria. These interactions occur only in sessile, but not planktonic populations, and depend on the features of the surface. The data are of particular importance for the risk assessment of the urinary and respiratory tract infections caused by K. oxytoca, including those device-associated. In this paper, we present the first report on K. oxytoca ability to acquire increased adhesive capacities on epithelial cells through interactions with common causal agents of urinary and respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeliia Giliazeva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, Building 15, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Yaw Akosah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 E. 24th St., 10010, New York, USA
| | - Jonas Noack
- Medipan GmbH, Computer Science, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring 3, 15827, Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - Ayslu Mardanova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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Pignatelli P, Nuccio F, Piattelli A, Curia MC. The Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Oral and Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2358. [PMID: 37764202 PMCID: PMC10537357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have suggested a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers. Two periodontopathogenic species in particular have been mentioned frequently: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Chronic periodontal disease has been reported to be a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. F. nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity, urogenital, intestinal and upper digestive tract. It plays a significant role as a co-aggregation factor, with almost all bacterial species that participate in oral plaque formation acting as a bridge between early and late colonizers. F. nucleatum, gives an important inflammatory contribution to tumorigenesis progression and is associated with epithelial-derived malignancies, such as OSCC and CRC. F. nucleatum produces an adhesion protein, FadA, which binds to VE-cadherin on endothelial cells and to E-cadherins on epithelial cells. The last binding activates oncogenic pathways, such as Wnt/βcatenin, in oral and colorectal carcinogenesis. F. nucleatum also affects immune response because its Fap2 protein interacts with an immune receptor named TIGIT present on some T cells and natural killer cells inhibiting immune cells activities. Morover, F. nucleatum release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and initiating inflammation. F. nucleatum migrates from the oral cavity and reaches the colon hematogenously but it is not known if in the bloodstream it reaches the CRC as free, erythrocyte-bound bacteria or in OMV. F. nucleatum abundance in CRC tissue has been inversely correlated with overall survival (OS). The prevention and treatment of periodontal disease through the improvement of oral hygiene should be included in cancer prevention protocols. FadA virulence factors may also serve as novel targets for therapeutic intervention of oral and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, 74122 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Federica Nuccio
- MARICENSELEZ ANCONA, Centro di Selezione M.M., Italian Navy, 60127 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Parhi L, Abed J, Shhadeh A, Alon-Maimon T, Udi S, Ben-Arye SL, Tam J, Parnas O, Padler-Karavani V, Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. Placental colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum is mediated by binding of the Fap2 lectin to placentally displayed Gal-GalNAc. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110537. [PMID: 35320712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the existence of an indigenous placental microbiota remains controversial, several pathogens are known to be involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium that is one of several bacteria associated with preterm birth. Oral fusobacteria translocate to the placenta hematogenously; however, the mechanisms localizing them to the placenta remain unclear. Here, using peanut agglutinin, we demonstrate that the level of Gal-GalNAc (Galβ1-3GalNAc; Thomsen Friedenreich antigen) found on trophoblasts facing entering maternal blood rises during gestation and is recognized by the fusobacterial Fap2 Gal-GalNAc lectin. F. nucleatum binding to human and mouse placenta correlates with Gal-GalNAc levels and is reduced upon O-glycanase treatment or with soluble Gal-GalNAc. Fap2-inactivated F. nucleatum shows reduced binding to Gal-GalNAc-displaying placental sections. In a mouse model, intravenously injected Fap2-expressing F. nucleatum, but not a Fap2 mutant, reduces mouse fetal survival by 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishay Parhi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Jawad Abed
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Tamar Alon-Maimon
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Oren Parnas
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
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Hadji H, Bouchemal K. Advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Focus on polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114101. [PMID: 34999122 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) explains the several hurdles for finding an efficient approach to cure it. Nowadays, therapeutic protocols aim to reduce inflammation during the hot phase or maintain remission during the cold phase. Nonetheless, these drugs suffer from severe side effects or poor efficacy due to low bioavailability in the inflamed region of the intestinal tract. New protocols based on antibodies that target proinflammatory cytokines are clinically relevant. However, besides being expensive, their use is associated with a primary nonresponse or a loss of response following a long administration period. Accordingly, many researchers exploited the physiological changes of the mucosal barrier for designing nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to target inflamed tissues. Others exploited biocompatibility and relative affordability of polysaccharides to test their intrinsic anti-inflammatory and healing properties in IBD models. This critical review updates state of the art on advances in IBD treatment. Data on using polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for IBD treatment are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicheme Hadji
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the Recombinant, Two-Component, Response Regulator ArlR from Fusobacterium nucleatum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2093-2107. [PMID: 35029789 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with the incidence and development of multiple diseases, such as periodontitis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Until now, studies have proved only a few proteins to be associated with such pathogenic diseases. The two-component system is one of the most prevalent forms of bacterial signal transduction related to intestinal diseases. Here, we report a novel, recombinant, two-component, response regulator protein ArlR from the genome of F. nucleatum strain ATCC 25,586. We optimized the expression and purification conditions of ArlR; in addition, we characterized the interaction of this response regulator protein with the corresponding histidine kinase and DNA sequence. The full-length ArlR was successfully expressed in six E. coli host strains. However, optimum expression conditions of ArlR were present only in E. coli strain BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIL that was later induced with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 8 h at 25 °C. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular weight of the recombinant protein as 27.3 kDa with approximately 90% purity after gel filtration chromatography. Because ArlR was biologically active after its purification, it accepted the corresponding phosphorylated histidine kinase phosphate group and bound to the analogous DNA sequence. The binding constant between ArlR and the corresponding histidine kinase was about 2.1 μM, whereas the binding constant between ArlR and its operon was 6.4 μM. Altogether, these results illustrate an effective expression and purification method for the novel two-component system protein ArlR.
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Differential involvement of the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the immune response against infection by the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100023. [PMID: 34841314 PMCID: PMC8610350 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical P2 × 7-Caspase-1 pathway is necessary for secretion of IL-1β in oral tissues and macrophages infected with P. gingivalis. P2 × 7 receptor controls bacterial load of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis in macrophages and in mice. Caspase-11 is essential for F. nucleatum-induced secretion of IL-1β in macrophages, limits F. nucleatum infection in macrophages and in mice, and is required for cell death induced by F. nucleatum infection. The canonical inflammasome is activated preferentially in response to P. gingivalis infection, while the noncanonical inflammasome plays a predominant role during F. nucleatum infection.
We examined the involvement of the P2 × 7 receptor and the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the control of single-species or dual-species infection by the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in cells and mice. Stimulation of the P2 × 7 receptor leads to activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of caspase-1, which leads to cleavage of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β, a key cytokine in the host inflammatory response in periodontal disease. The non-canonical inflammasome pathway involves caspase-11. Thus, wildtype (WT), P2 × 7−/−, caspase-11−/− and caspase-1/11−/− mice were co-infected with both bacterial species. In parallel, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from WT mice and the different knockout mice were infected with P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum, and treated or not with extracellular ATP, which is recognized by P2 × 7. F. nucleatum infection alone promoted secretion of IL-1β in BMDMs. Conversely, the canonical pathway involving P2 × 7 and caspase-1 was necessary for secretion of IL-1β in BMDMs infected with P. gingivalis and in the mandible of mice coinfected with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The P2 × 7 pathway can limit bacterial load in single-species and dual-species infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in BMDMs and in mice. The non-canonical pathway involving caspase-11 was required for secretion of IL-1β induced by F. nucleatum infection in BMDMs, without treatment with ATP. Caspase-11 was also required for induction of cell death during infection with F. nucleatum and contributed to limiting bacterial load during F. nucleatum infection in BMDMs and in the gingival tissue of mice coinfected with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Together, these data suggest that the P2 × 7-caspase-1 and caspase-11 pathways are involved in the immune response against infection by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, respectively.
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Faramarzi S, Piccolella S, Manti L, Pacifico S. Could Polyphenols Really Be a Good Radioprotective Strategy? Molecules 2021; 26:4969. [PMID: 34443561 PMCID: PMC8398122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiotherapy is one of the most effective strategies to treat cancer. However, deleterious toxicity against normal cells indicate for the need to selectively protect them. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species reinforce ionizing radiation cytotoxicity, and compounds able to scavenge these species or enhance antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) should be properly investigated. Antioxidant plant-derived compounds, such as phenols and polyphenols, could represent a valuable alternative to synthetic compounds to be used as radio-protective agents. In fact, their dose-dependent antioxidant/pro-oxidant efficacy could provide a high degree of protection to normal tissues, with little or no protection to tumor cells. The present review provides an update of the current scientific knowledge of polyphenols in pure forms or in plant extracts with good evidence concerning their possible radiomodulating action. Indeed, with few exceptions, to date, the fragmentary data available mostly derive from in vitro studies, which do not find comfort in preclinical and/or clinical studies. On the contrary, when preclinical studies are reported, especially regarding the bioactivity of a plant extract, its chemical composition is not taken into account, avoiding any standardization and compromising data reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Faramarzi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (S.P.)
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics E. Pancini, University of Naples “Federico II”, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, (INFN), Naples Section, Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.F.); (S.P.)
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Afonso AC, Gomes IB, Saavedra MJ, Giaouris E, Simões LC, Simões M. Bacterial coaggregation in aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117037. [PMID: 33751976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a sessile community is believed to occur in a sequence of steps where genetically distinct bacteria can become attached to partner cells via specific molecules, in a process known as coaggregation. The presence of bacteria with the ability to autoaggregate and coaggregate has been described for diverse aquatic systems, particularly freshwater, drinking water, wastewater, and marine water. In these aquatic systems, coaggregation already demonstrated a role in the development of complex multispecies sessile communities, including biofilms. While specific molecular aspects on coaggregation in aquatic systems remain to be understood, clear evidence exist on the impact of this mechanism in multispecies biofilm resilience and homeostasis. The identification of bridging bacteria among coaggregating consortia has potential to improve the performance of wastewater treatment plants and/or to contribute for the development of strategies to control undesirable biofilms. This study provides a comprehensive analysis on the occurrence and role of bacterial coaggregation in diverse aquatic systems. The potential of this mechanism in water-related biotechnology is further described, with particular emphasis on the role of bridging bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Afonso
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Lúcia C Simões
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Fujita A, Oogai Y, Kawada-Matsuo M, Nakata M, Noguchi K, Komatsuzawa H. Expression of virulence factors under different environmental conditions in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:101-114. [PMID: 33591576 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium associated with periodontal diseases, especially aggressive periodontitis. The virulence factors of this pathogen, including adhesins, exotoxins, and endotoxin, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about their gene expression mode in the host. Herein, we investigated whether culture conditions reflecting in vivo environments, including serum and saliva, alter expression levels of virulence genes in the strain HK1651, a JP2 clone. Under aerobic conditions, addition of calf serum (CS) into a general medium induced high expression of two outer membrane proteins (omp100 and omp64). The high expression of omp100 and omp64 was also induced by an iron-limited medium. RNA-seq analysis showed that the gene expressions of several factors involved in iron acquisition were increased in the CS-containing medium. When HK1651 was grown on agar plates, genes encoding many virulence factors, including the Omps, cytolethal distending toxin, and leukotoxin, were differentially expressed. Then, we investigated their expression in five other A. actinomycetemcomitans strains grown in general and CS-containing media. The expression pattern of virulence factors varied among strains. Compared with the other five strains, HK1561 showed high expression of omp29 regardless of the CS addition, while the gene expression of leukotoxin in HK1651 was higher only in the medium without CS. HK1651 showed reduced biofilm in both CS- and saliva-containing media. Coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum was remarkably enhanced using HK1651 grown in the CS-containing medium. Our results indicate that the expression of virulence factors is altered by adaptation to different conditions during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Fujita
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oogai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Clos-Garcia M, Garcia K, Alonso C, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, D’Amato M, Crespo A, Iglesias A, Cubiella J, Bujanda L, Falcón-Pérez JM. Integrative Analysis of Fecal Metagenomics and Metabolomics in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1142. [PMID: 32370168 PMCID: PMC7281174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in developed countries, current diagnostic tests for early disease stages are suboptimal. We have performed a combination of UHPLC-MS metabolomics and 16S microbiome analyses on 224 feces samples in order to identify early biomarkers for both advanced adenomas (AD) and CRC. We report differences in fecal levels of cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids in CRC. We identified Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Staphylococcus to be increased in CRC patients and Lachnospiraceae family to be reduced. We finally described Adlercreutzia to be more abundant in AD patients' feces. Integration of metabolomics and microbiome data revealed tight interactions between bacteria and host and performed better than FOB test for CRC diagnosis. This study identifies potential early biomarkers that outperform current diagnostic tools and frame them into the stablished gut microbiota role in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Clos-Garcia
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Koldo Garcia
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Genética Gastrointestinal, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (K.G.); (M.D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (C.A.); (M.I.-L.)
| | | | - Mauro D’Amato
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Genética Gastrointestinal, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (K.G.); (M.D.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Sciences, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anais Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Agueda Iglesias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Sciences, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
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12
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Brennan CA, Garrett WS. Fusobacterium nucleatum - symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:156-166. [PMID: 30546113 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has long been found to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer; however, it is a common member of the oral microbiota and can have a symbiotic relationship with its hosts. To address this dissonance, we explore the diversity and niches of fusobacteria and reconsider historic fusobacterial taxonomy in the context of current technology. We also undertake a critical reappraisal of fusobacteria with a focus on F. nucleatum as a mutualist, infectious agent and oncogenic microorganism. In this Review, we delve into recent insights and future directions for fusobacterial research, including the current genetic toolkit, our evolving understanding of its mechanistic role in promoting colorectal cancer and the challenges of developing diagnostics and therapeutics for F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shany-Kdoshim S, Polak D, Houri-Haddad Y, Feuerstein O. Killing mechanism of bacteria within multi-species biofilm by blue light. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1628577. [PMID: 31275529 PMCID: PMC6598489 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1628577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the immediate and delayed effects of non-coherent blue-light treatment on the composition and viability of an in vitro biofilm composed of anaerobic multispecies, as well as the mechanisms involved. Methods: A multispecies biofilm was constructed of Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, test groups were exposed to blue light. The multispecies biofilm was explored with a newly developed method based on flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The involvement of the paracrine pathway in the phototoxic mechanism was investigated by a crossover of the supernatants between mono-species P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum biofilms. Results: Blue light led to a reduction of about 50% in the viable pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, vs that in the non-exposed biofilm. Biofilm thickness was also reduced by 50%. The phototoxic effect of blue light on mono-species biofilm was observed in P. gingivalis, whereas F. nucleatum biofilm was unaffected. A lethal effect was obtained when the supernatant of P. gingivalis biofilm previously exposed to blue light was added to the F. nucleatum biofilm. The effect was circumvented by the addition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to the supernatant. Conclusion: Blue-light has an impact on the bacterial composition and viability of the multispecies biofilm. The phototoxic effect of blue light on P. gingivalis in biofilm was induced directly and on F. nucleatum via ROS mediators of the paracrine pathway. This phenomenon may lead to a novel approach for 'replacement therapy,' resulting in a less periodonto-pathogenic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Shany-Kdoshim
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osnat Feuerstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Hussan H, Clinton SK, Roberts K, Bailey MT. Fusobacterium's link to colorectal neoplasia sequenced: A systematic review and future insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8626-8650. [PMID: 29358871 PMCID: PMC5752723 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development. METHODS Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January, 2000, and July, 2017, using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these, only original scientific human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating Fusobacterium and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts, review articles, studies investigating other colonic diseases, and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates, resolving disagreements between the two reviewers, and applying the above criteria. RESULTS Studies have consistently identified positive associations between Fusobacterium, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient, with increased F. nucleatum DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic F. nucleatum enrichment; evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are F. nucleatum DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of F. nucleatum DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of F. nucleatum and other Fusobacterium species in colonic tissue is unclear; however, the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin (Gal-GalNAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate F. nucleatum attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with an F. nucleatum protein, fibroblast activation protein 2 (FAP2). The clinical significance of detection or enrichment of Fusobacterium in colorectal neoplasia is ambiguous, but data suggest a procarcinogenic effect of F. nucleatum, likely due to activation of oncogenic and inflammatory pathways and modulation of the tumor immune environment. This is hypothesized to be mediated by certain F. nucleatum strains carrying invasive properties and virulence factors such as FadA and FAP. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests a potential active role of Fusobacterium, specifically F. nucleatum, in CRC. Future prospective and experimental human studies would fill an important gap in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kristen Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, OSU College of Medicine And Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
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15
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Heyman L, Houri-Haddad Y, Heyman SN, Ginsburg I, Gleitman Y, Feuerstein O. Combined antioxidant effects of Neem extract, bacteria, red blood cells and Lysozyme: possible relation to periodontal disease. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:399. [PMID: 28797303 PMCID: PMC5553582 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The common usage of chewing sticks prepared from Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in India suggests its potential efficacy in periodontal diseases. The objective of this study is to explore the antibacterial effects of Neem leaf extract on the periodontophatic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and its antioxidant capacities alone and in combination with bacteria and polycationic peptides that may be at the site of inflammation. Methods Neem leaf extract was prepared by ethanol extraction. The growth kinetics of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum under anaerobic conditions in the presence of Neem leaf extract were measured. Broth microdilution test was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Neem leaf extract against each bacterial strain. The effect of Neem leaf extract on the coaggregation of the bacteria was assessed by a visual semi-quantitative assay. The antioxidant capacities of Neem leaf extract alone and in combination with bacteria, with the addition of red blood cells or the polycationic peptides chlorhexidine and lisozyme, were determined using a chemiluminescence assay. Results Neem leaf extract showed prominent dose-dependent antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, however, had no effect on the growth of F. nucleatum nor on the coaggregation of the two bacteria. Yet, it showed intense antioxidant activity, which was amplified following adherence to bacteria and with the addition of red blood cells or the polycationic peptides. Conclusions Neem leaf extract, containing polyphenols that adhere to oral surfaces, have the potential to provide long-lasting antibacterial as well as synergic antioxidant activities when in complex with bacteria, red blood cells and lisozyme. Thus, it might be especially effective in periodontal diseases.
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Polak D, Ferdman O, Houri-Haddad Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis Capsule-Mediated Coaggregation as a Virulence Factor in Mixed Infection With Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Periodontol 2016; 88:502-510. [PMID: 27885964 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) capsule enables evasion from phagocytosis, invasion of keratinocytes, and bacterial survival. In mixed infection, the capsule also participates in coaggregation, which may lead to characteristic virulence not present in the monoinfection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Pg capsule as a virulence factor in coaggregated mixed infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). METHODS Mixed infections containing Fn and non-capsulated or capsulated strains of Pg were compared with the same infection with lactose as coaggregation inhibitor. Murine experimental periodontitis was used to assess disease severity. Primary polymorphonuclear leukocytes and keratinocytes were used to examine phagocytosis and bacterial invasion, respectively. RESULTS Mixed infection with capsulated Pg augmented alveolar bone loss compared with that of mixed infection with non-capsulated Pg. Addition of lactose led to attenuation of bone loss in the capsulated mixed infection and to intensification of bone loss in the non-capsulated mixed infection. In the latter mixed infection, Fn evaded phagocytosis, whereas in the capsulated mixed infection Pg displayed a greater capacity for invasion of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS Pg capsule was found to serve as a unique virulence factor in mixed infection with Fn. Capsule-dependent coaggregation led to augmented invasion of Pg and may be responsible for the severity of disease after mixed infection with Fn.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ferdman
- Department of Periodontology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine
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Ryu EJ, Sim J, Sim J, Lee J, Choi BK. D-Galactose as an autoinducer 2 inhibitor to control the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens. J Microbiol 2016; 54:632-637. [PMID: 27572513 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is a quorum sensing molecule to which bacteria respond to regulate various phenotypes, including virulence and biofilm formation. AI-2 plays an important role in the formation of a subgingival biofilm composed mostly of Gram-negative anaerobes, by which periodontitis is initiated. The aim of this study was to evaluate D-galactose as an inhibitor of AI-2 activity and thus of the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens. In a search for an AI-2 receptor of Fusobacterium nucleatum, D-galactose binding protein (Gbp, Gene ID FN1165) showed high sequence similarity with the ribose binding protein (RbsB), a known AI-2 receptor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. D-Galactose was evaluated for its inhibitory effect on the AI-2 activity of Vibrio harveyi BB152 and F. nucleatum, the major coaggregation bridge organism, which connects early colonizing commensals and late pathogenic colonizers in dental biofilms. The inhibitory effect of D-galactose on the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens was assessed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy in the absence or presence of AI-2 and secreted molecules of F. nucleatum. D-Galactose significantly inhibited the AI-2 activity of V. harveyi and F. nucleatum. In addition, D-galactose markedly inhibited the biofilm formation of F. nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia induced by the AI-2 of F. nucleatum without affecting bacterial growth. Our results demonstrate that the Gbp may function as an AI-2 receptor and that galactose may be used for prevention of the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens by targeting AI-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ryu
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Sim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Julian Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Li Y, Guo H, Wang X, Lu Y, Yang C, Yang P. Coinfection with Fusobacterium nucleatum can enhance the attachment and invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to human gingival epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1387-93. [PMID: 26143497 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate effects of coinfection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) on their adhering and invasive capacity to human gingival epithelial cells as well as the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in human gingival epithelial cells. DESIGN P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were tested for their ability to attach and invade a human gingival epithelial cell line (Ca9-22) alone or coinfecting with F. nucleatum. Also, expression levels of IL-8 and hBD-2 were detected respectively using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) when Ca9-22 cells were infected with P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans alone or coinfecting with F. nucleatum. RESULTS F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were allowed to adhere and invade Ca9-22 cells, either each strain alone or under coinfection. The adhering and invasive abilities of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly greater when they were coincubated with F. nucleatum (P<0.05) than either of them alone. These enhancements were inhibited by galactose. In addition, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans inhibited the activation of IL-8 and hBD-2 by F. nucleatum. Also, galactose disrupted this inhibition on the expression of IL-8 and hBD-2. CONCLUSION These results suggested coinfection with F. nucleatum can enhance adhesion and invasion of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans to Ca9-22 cells, as well as inhibition on host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | - Pishan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China.
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Fap2 of Fusobacterium nucleatum is a galactose-inhibitable adhesin involved in coaggregation, cell adhesion, and preterm birth. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1104-13. [PMID: 25561710 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02838-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe involved in periodontitis that is known to translocate and cause intrauterine infections. In the oral environment, F. nucleatum adheres to a large diversity of species, facilitating their colonization and creating biological bridges that stabilize the multispecies dental biofilm. Many of these interactions (called coadherences or coaggregations) are galactose sensitive. Galactose-sensitive interactions are also involved in the binding of F. nucleatum to host cells. Hemagglutination of some F. nucleatum strains is also galactose sensitive, suggesting that a single galactose-sensitive adhesin might mediate the interaction of fusobacteria with many partners and targets. In order to identify the fusobacterial galactose-sensitive adhesin, a system for transposon mutagenesis in fusobacteria was created. The mutant library was screened for hemagglutination deficiency, and three clones were isolated. All three clones were found to harbor the transposon in the gene coding for the Fap2 outer membrane autotransporter. The three fap2 mutants failed to show galactose-inhibitable coaggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis and were defective in cell binding. A fap2 mutant also showed a 2-log reduction in murine placental colonization compared to that of the wild type. Our results suggest that Fap2 is a galactose-sensitive hemagglutinin and adhesin that is likely to play a role in the virulence of fusobacteria.
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Cheng Z, Meng X, Wang H, Chen M, Li M. Isolation and characterization of broad spectrum coaggregating bacteria from different water systems for potential use in bioaugmentation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94220. [PMID: 24736645 PMCID: PMC3988075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The bridging bacteria with broad-spectrum coaggregation ability play an important role during multispecies-biofilm development. In this study, through a visual and semi-quantitative assay, twenty-two bacterial strains with aggregation ability were obtained from 8 different water environments, and these strains were assigned to 7 genera according to their 16S rDNA and they were Aeromonas, Bacillus, Comamonas, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, Shewanella and Comamonas. Furthermore, all possible 231 pairwise combinations among these 22 strains were explored for coaggregation ability by spectrophotometric assay. Among all these strains, it was found that Bacillus cereus G5 and Bacillus megaterium T1 coaggregated with themajority of assayed other strains, 90.5% (19 of 21 strains) and 76.2% respectively (17 of 21 strains) at a higher coaggregation rates (A.I. greater than 50%), indicating they have a broad-spectrum coaggregation property. The images of coaggregates also confirmed the coexistence of G5 and T1 with their partner strains. Biofilm biomass development of G5 cocultured with each of its partner strains were further evaluateded. The results showed that 15 of 21 strains, when paired with G5, developed greater biofilm biomass than the monocultures. Furthermore, the images from both fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that G5 and A3-GFP (a 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid-degrading strain, staining with gfp),could develop a typical spatial structure of dual-species biofilm when cocultured. These results suggested that bridging-bacteria with a broad spectrum coaggregating ability, such as G5,could mediate the integration of exogenous degrading bacteria into biofilms and contribute to the bioaugmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Cheng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangxun Meng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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21
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Identification of a diguanylate cyclase and its role in Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2728-35. [PMID: 24733094 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00084-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterium and is considered a keystone pathogen in the initiation of periodontitis, one of the most widespread infectious diseases. Bacterial bis-(3'-5') cyclic GMP (cyclic di-GMP [c-di-GMP]) serves as a second messenger and is involved in modulating virulence factors in numerous bacteria. However, the role of this second messenger has not been investigated in P. gingivalis, mainly due to a lack of an annotation regarding diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) in this bacterium. Using bioinformatics tools, we found a protein, PGN_1932, containing a GGDEF domain. A deletion mutation in the pgn_1932 gene had a significant effect on the intracellular c-di-GMP level in P. gingivalis. Genetic analysis showed that expression of the fimA and rgpA genes, encoding the major protein subunit of fimbriae and an arginine-specific proteinase, respectively, was downregulated in the pgn_1932 mutant. Correspondingly, FimA protein production and the fimbrial display on the mutant were significantly reduced. Mutations in the pgn_1932 gene also had a significant impact on the adhesive and invasive capabilities of P. gingivalis, which are required for its pathogenicity. These findings provide evidence that the PGN_1932 protein is both responsible for synthesizing c-di-GMP and involved in biofilm formation and host cell invasion by P. gingivalis by controlling the expression and biosynthesis of FimA.
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The effects of stress hormones on growth of selected periodontitis related bacteria. Anaerobe 2013; 24:49-54. [PMID: 24036419 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to examine in vitro the effects of stress hormones (catecholamines: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and hydrocortisone: cortisol) on the growth of four anaerobic species of periodontitis-related bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia) and one facultative anaerobic species (Eikenella corrodens). Bacterial growth was determined by two different methods: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the viable count by culture method. To simulate stress, each single strain was grown in a special growth medium with three different concentrations of each hormone, using an anaerobic chamber at 37 °C. Growth of F. nucleatum increased in the presence of all stress hormones. Growth of P. gingivalis was not significantly influenced by any hormone. Growth of P. intermedia and E. corrodens was inhibited by almost all stress hormones tested. Both methods of analysis revealed that the highest concentrations of norepinephrine and cortisol increased the growth of T. forsythia. Different hormones have a different effect on the growth of periodontitis-related bacteria in vitro. It appears that bacterial viability is more strongly influenced than is bacterial metabolic activity. The growth of F. nucleatum particularly and partially of T. forsythia is increased by several stress hormones and may have an additional negative impact on periodontal disease.
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23
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Paino A, Ahlstrand T, Nuutila J, Navickaite I, Lahti M, Tuominen H, Välimaa H, Lamminmäki U, Pöllänen MT, Ihalin R. Identification of a novel bacterial outer membrane interleukin-1Β-binding protein from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70509. [PMID: 23936223 PMCID: PMC3729834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative opportunistic oral pathogen. It is frequently associated with subgingival biofilms of both chronic and aggressive periodontitis, and the diseased sites of the periodontium exhibit increased levels of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-1β. Some bacterial species can alter their physiological properties as a result of sensing IL-1β. We have recently shown that this cytokine localizes to the cytoplasm of A. actinomycetemcomitans in co-cultures with organotypic gingival mucosa. However, current knowledge about the mechanism underlying bacterial IL-1β sensing is still limited. In this study, we characterized the interaction of A. actinomycetemcomitans total membrane protein with IL-1β through electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The interacting protein, which we have designated bacterial interleukin receptor I (BilRI), was identified through mass spectrometry and was found to be Pasteurellaceae specific. Based on the results obtained using protein function prediction tools, this protein localizes to the outer membrane and contains a typical lipoprotein signal sequence. All six tested biofilm cultures of clinical A. actinomycetemcomitans strains expressed the protein according to phage display-derived antibody detection. Moreover, proteinase K treatment of whole A. actinomycetemcomitans cells eliminated BilRI forms that were outer membrane specific, as determined through immunoblotting. The protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli in both the outer membrane-associated form and a soluble cytoplasmic form. When assessed using flow cytometry, the BilRI-overexpressing E. coli cells were observed to bind 2.5 times more biotinylated-IL-1β than the control cells, as detected with avidin-FITC. Overexpression of BilRI did not cause binding of a biotinylated negative control protein. In a microplate assay, soluble BilRI bound to IL-1β, but this binding was not specific, as a control protein for IL-1β also interacted with BilRI. Our findings suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans expresses an IL-1β-binding surface-exposed lipoprotein that may be part of the bacterial IL-1β-sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamari Paino
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuuli Ahlstrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Indre Navickaite
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Lahti
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Tuominen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Polak D, Naddaf R, Shapira L, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y. Protective Potential of Non-Dialyzable Material Fraction of Cranberry Juice on the Virulence ofP. gingivalisandF. nucleatumMixed Infection. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1019-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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McCoy AN, Araújo-Pérez F, Azcárate-Peril A, Yeh JJ, Sandler RS, Keku TO. Fusobacterium is associated with colorectal adenomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53653. [PMID: 23335968 PMCID: PMC3546075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a player in colorectal cancer (CRC). While particular imbalances in the gut microbiota have been linked to colorectal adenomas and cancer, no specific bacterium has been identified as a risk factor. Recent studies have reported a high abundance of Fusobacterium in CRC subjects compared to normal subjects, but this observation has not been reported for adenomas, CRC precursors. We assessed the abundance of Fusobacterium species in the normal rectal mucosa of subjects with (n = 48) and without adenomas (n = 67). We also confirmed previous reports on Fusobacterium and CRC in 10 CRC tumor tissues and 9 matching normal tissues by pyrosequencing. We extracted DNA from rectal mucosal biopsies and measured bacterial levels by quantitative PCR of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Local cytokine gene expression was also determined in mucosal biopsies from adenoma cases and controls by quantitative PCR. The mean log abundance of Fusobacterium or cytokine gene expression between cases and controls was compared by t-test. Logistic regression was used to compare tertiles of Fusobacterium abundance. Adenoma subjects had a significantly higher abundance of Fusobacterium species compared to controls (p = 0.01). Compared to the lowest tertile, subjects with high abundance of Fusobacterium were significantly more likely to have adenomas (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.37-9.74, p-trend 0.005). Cases but not controls had a significant positive correlation between local cytokine gene expression and Fusobacterium abundance. Among cases, the correlation for local TNF-α and Fusobacterium was r = 0.33, p = 0.06 while it was 0.44, p = 0.01 for Fusobacterium and IL-10. These results support a link between the abundance of Fusobacterium in colonic mucosa and adenomas and suggest a possible role for mucosal inflammation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. McCoy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Félix Araújo-Pérez
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease and Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Temitope O. Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Saito A, Kokubu E, Inagaki S, Imamura K, Kita D, Lamont RJ, Ishihara K. Porphyromonas gingivalis entry into gingival epithelial cells modulated by Fusobacterium nucleatum is dependent on lipid rafts. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:234-42. [PMID: 23034475 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Host cell invasion by a major periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been proposed as an important mechanism involved in host-pathogen interactions in periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. The present study sought to gain insight into the underlying mechanism(s) involved in previously demonstrated fusobacterial modulation of host cell invasion by P. gingivalis. An immortalized human gingival cell line Ca9-22 was dually infected with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Fusobacterium nucleatum TDC 100, and intracellular invasion was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). SEM observation showed that P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum formed consortia and were in the process of penetrating into Ca9-22 by 30-60 min after infection. In CSLM, Ca9-22 cells that contained both P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were frequently observed after 2 h, although cells that contained exclusively P. gingivalis were also found. Infection by P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum revealed evident colocalization with a lipid raft marker, GM1-containing membrane microdomains. In an antibiotic protection assay, depletion of epithelial plasma membrane cholesterol resulted in a significant reduction of recovered P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum (∼33% of untreated control; p < 0.001). This inhibition was also confirmed by CSLM. Sequential infection experiments showed that timing of infection by each species could critically influence the invasion profile. Co-infection with F. nucleatum significantly enhanced host cell invasion by P. gingivalis 33277, its serine phophatase SerB mutant and complemented strains, suggesting that the SerB does not play a major role in this fusobacterial enhancement of P. gingivalis invasion. Thus, the interaction between F. nucleatum and host cells may be important in the fusobacterial enhancement of P. gingivalis invasion. Collectively, these results suggest that lipid raft-mediated process is at least one of the potential mechanisms involved in fusobacterium-modulated host cell invasion by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
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Polak D, Shapira L, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y. The role of coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum on the host response to mixed infection. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:617-25. [PMID: 22607053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum on the virulence of the mixed infection in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibition of coaggregation was carried out using lactose. In vitro, inhibition of coaggregation was verified using a coaggregation assay. In vivo, the virulence of the mixed infection, with and without coaggregation, was examined in a model of experimental periodontitis in mice. The local host response to the mixed infection, with or without coaggregation, was examined using the subcutaneous chamber model of infection. RESULTS Lactose inhibited the coaggregation between P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum at all the tested concentrations (1-0.0625 M). Surprisingly, the addition of lactose to the mixed infection increased the severity of experimental periodontitis (as measured by alveolar bone loss) compared with mixed infection with coaggregating bacteria. The addition of lactose to the mixed infection resulted in mild attenuation of TNFα and IL-1β levels. In addition, inhibition of coaggregation resulted in inhibition of the phagocytosis of F. nucleatum and augmentation of the phagocytosis of P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS The ability of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum to coaggregate may limit their ability to induce experimental periodontitis in a mixed infection model. Moreover, there is a shift in the phagocytosis pattern of the bacteria with the annulment of coaggregeaiton, with a reduction in F. nucleatum phagocytosis and amplification of P. gingivalis phagocytosis. The increased virulence of the mixed infection without coaggregation may surprisingly lay in the sustention of F. nucleatum in the infected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia induce synergistic alveolar bone loss in a mouse periodontitis model. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2436-43. [PMID: 22547549 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06276-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an opportunistic pathogen, is thought to promote dental plaque formation by serving as a bridge bacterium between early- and late-colonizing species of the oral cavity. Previous studies have shown that F. nucleatum species synergize with T. forsythia during biofilm formation and pathogenesis. In the present study, we showed that coinfection of F. nucleatum and T. forsythia is more potent than infection with either species alone in inducing NF-κB activity and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in monocytic cells and primary murine macrophages. Moreover, in a murine model of periodontitis, mixed infection with the two species induces synergistic alveolar bone loss, characterized by bone loss which is greater than the additive alveolar bone losses induced by each species alone. Further, in comparison to the single-species infection, mixed infection caused significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingivae and osteoclastic activity in the jaw bones. These data show that F. nucleatum subspecies and T. forsythia synergistically stimulate the host immune response and induce alveolar bone loss in a murine experimental periodontitis model.
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Castellarin M, Warren RL, Freeman JD, Dreolini L, Krzywinski M, Strauss J, Barnes R, Watson P, Allen-Vercoe E, Moore RA, Holt RA. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res 2011; 22:299-306. [PMID: 22009989 DOI: 10.1101/gr.126516.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1368] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 15% or more of the cancer burden worldwide is attributable to known infectious agents. We screened colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue specimens using RNA-seq followed by host sequence subtraction and found marked over-representation of Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences in tumors relative to control specimens. F. nucleatum is an invasive anaerobe that has been linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, but not to cancer. Fusobacteria are rare constituents of the fecal microbiota, but have been cultured previously from biopsies of inflamed gut mucosa. We obtained a Fusobacterium isolate from a frozen tumor specimen; this showed highest sequence similarity to a known gut mucosa isolate and was confirmed to be invasive. We verified overabundance of Fusobacterium sequences in tumor versus matched normal control tissue by quantitative PCR analysis from a total of 99 subjects (p = 2.5 × 10(-6)), and we observed a positive association with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Castellarin
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Polak D, Wilensky A, Shapira L, Halabi A, Goldstein D, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y. Mouse model of experimental periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum infection: bone loss and host response. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:406-10. [PMID: 19419440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis or Fusobacterium nucleatum versus infection with both bacteria on mouse periodontal tissues, and to characterize the inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum or both. At 42 days post-infection, alveolar bone loss was quantified using micro-computerized tomography. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels induced by the infection were quantified using the subcutaneous chamber model. RESULTS Mice orally infected with F. nucleatum/P. gingivalis exhibited significantly more bone loss compared with that of mono-infected and sham-infected mice. F. nucleatum/P. gingivalis infection also increased the levels of TNF-alpha and IL1beta compared with the levels found in the mono-infected groups. CONCLUSIONS Polymicrobial infection with P. gingivalis/F. nucleatum aggravates alveolar bone loss and induces a stronger inflammatory response compared with that observed upon infection with either bacterium alone. The results suggest that oral infection of mice with a mixture of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum may be superior to mono-infection models of experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Metzger Z, Lin YY, Dimeo F, Ambrose WW, Trope M, Arnold RR. Synergistic pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the mouse subcutaneous chamber model. J Endod 2009; 35:86-94. [PMID: 19084132 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are often coisolated from sites of infection, such as suppurative apical periodontitis. The synergistic pathogenicity of mixed infection of P. gingivalis HG 405 with F. nucleatum PK 1594 was studied in the mouse subcutaneous chamber model in groups of seven animals. The minimal dose for P. gingivalis HG 405 that was required to infect 100% of the chambers was reduced by 1,000-fold when animals were inoculated in the same chamber with 1 x 10(9)F. nucleatum PK 1594 (p < 0.001). To benefit from the presence of the fusobacteria, P. gingivalis HG 405 had to be coinoculated; inoculation in separate chambers for the same animal had no such effect (p < 0.001). Subinfective F. nucleatum inocula also benefited from the association with P. gingivalis HG 405 and uniformly established an infection when this partner was present (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the frequent and natural coexistence of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in diseased sites may express such a synergism in successful establishment and survival of small inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Metzger Z, Blasbalg J, Dotan M, Weiss EI. Enhanced Attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis to Human Fibroblasts Mediated by Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Endod 2009; 35:82-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Metzger Z, Blasbalg J, Dotan M, Tsesis I, Weiss EI. Characterization of Coaggregation of Fusobacterium nucleatum PK1594 with Six Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains. J Endod 2009; 35:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ledder RG, Timperley AS, Friswell MK, Macfarlane S, McBain AJ. Coaggregation between and among human intestinal and oral bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 66:630-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Han YW. Laboratory maintenance of fusobacteria. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2008; Chapter 13:Unit 13A.1. [PMID: 18770577 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc13a01s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes routine laboratory handling of fusobacteria. Different media that can be used to grow or enrich Fusobacterium nucleatum and other species of this genus are described. The growth and stock conditions as well as the susceptibility of F. nucleatum to oxygen in a pure culture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Rupani D, Izano EA, Schreiner HC, Fine DH, Kaplan JB. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype f O-polysaccharide mediates coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:127-30. [PMID: 18279180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Intergeneric bacterial coaggregation may play an important role in plaque development. METHODS In this study we investigated the coaggregation reaction between two periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. RESULTS Previous studies showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strains coaggregate with F. nucleatum strain PK1594, and that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b O-polysaccharide (O-PS) is the receptor responsible for coaggregation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype f O-PS has been shown to be structurally and antigenically related to serotype b O-PS. In the present study we show that A. actinomycetemcomitans strain CU1060N, a serotype f strain, also coaggregated with F. nucleatum PK1594. Like coaggregation between serotype b strains and F. nucleatum, coaggregation between CU1060N and F. nucleatum was inhibited by galactose. An O-PS mutant of CU1060N failed to coaggregate with F. nucleatum. CONCLUSION We concluded that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype f O-PS, like serotype b O-PS, mediates coaggregation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and fusobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rupani
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Handfield M, Baker HV, Lamont RJ. Beyond good and evil in the oral cavity: insights into host-microbe relationships derived from transcriptional profiling of gingival cells. J Dent Res 2008; 87:203-23. [PMID: 18296603 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many instances, the encounter between host and microbial cells, through a long-standing evolutionary association, can be a balanced interaction whereby both cell types co-exist and inflict a minimal degree of harm on each other. In the oral cavity, despite the presence of large numbers of diverse organisms, health is the most frequent status. Disease will ensue only when the host-microbe balance is disrupted on a cellular and molecular level. With the advent of microarrays, it is now possible to monitor the responses of host cells to bacterial challenge on a global scale. However, microarray data are known to be inherently noisy, which is caused in part by their great sensitivity. Hence, we will address several important general considerations required to maximize the significance of microarray analysis in depicting relevant host-microbe interactions faithfully. Several advantages and limitations of microarray analysis that may have a direct impact on the significance of array data are highlighted and discussed. Further, this review revisits and contextualizes recent transcriptional profiles that were originally generated for the specific study of intricate cellular interactions between gingival cells and 4 important plaque micro-organisms. To our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically investigates the cellular responses of a cell line to challenge by 4 different micro-organisms. Of particular relevance to the oral cavity, the model bacteria span the entire spectrum of documented pathogenic potential, from commensal to opportunistic to overtly pathogenic. These studies provide a molecular basis for the complex and dynamic interaction between the oral microflora and its host, which may lead, ultimately, to the development of novel, rational, and practical therapeutic, prophylactic, and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Handfield
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Box 100424 JHMHSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA.
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Edwards AM, Grossman TJ, Rudney JD. Association of a high-molecular weight arginine-binding protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 with adhesion to secretory immunoglobulin A and coaggregation with Streptococcus cristatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:217-24. [PMID: 17600532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregates with a diverse range of bacterial species, and binds to host tissues and proteins such as immunoglobulin. These interactions may support the attachment of a variety of organisms to oral surfaces and can facilitate the invasion of soft tissues. We hypothesized that coaggregation with streptococci and immunoglobulin binding may occur by a common adhesin sensitive to l-arginine. METHODS Repeated mixing of F. nucleatum with non-immune secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and recovery of non-agglutinating cells isolated a spontaneous mutant (isolate 21) of F. nucleatum that was defective in S-IgA binding. Wild-type and mutant F. nucleatum were compared by coaggregation and adhesion assays. RESULTS Isolate 21 exhibited significantly reduced S-IgA binding and coaggregation with oral streptococci but not with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the mutant was deficient compared to wild-type for a single protein of approximately 360 kilodaltons. The corresponding protein was isolated from wild-type F. nucleatum protein preparations by coprecipitation with arginine-agarose beads. This protein was able to bind both Streptococcus cristatus and S-IgA. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that this protein was closely related to putative autotransporter proteins in other F. nucleatum strains and was a 100% match to the deduced amino acid sequence of a 10,638-base-pair open reading frame in the incomplete genome sequence of F. nucleatum ATCC 10,953. Peptides identified by MS-MS analysis spanned most of the predicted amino acid sequence, suggesting that the mature protein is not subject to postsecretory cleavage. CONCLUSION Coaggregation represents a novel function within the autotransporter class of proteins, which are often associated with virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Edwards
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Xu M, Yamada M, Li M, Liu H, Chen SG, Han YW. FadA from Fusobacterium nucleatum utilizes both secreted and nonsecreted forms for functional oligomerization for attachment and invasion of host cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25000-9. [PMID: 17588948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611567200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobe associated with various human infections, including periodontal diseases and preterm birth. A novel FadA adhesin was recently identified for host-cell binding. It consists of 129 amino acid residues, with an 18-amino acid signal peptide. Expression of FadA in Escherichia coli enhanced bacterial binding to host epithelial and endothelial cells. In both E. coli and F. nucleatum, FadA exists in two forms, the intact pre-FadA and the secreted mature FadA (mFadA), with pre-FadA anchored in the inner membrane and mFadA secreted outside the bacteria. Pre-FadA and mFadA formed high M(r) complexes. When each form was purified to a single species, mFadA was soluble at neutral pH, whereas pre-FadA was insoluble. Pre-FadA became soluble when mixed with mFadA or under acidic pH. When fluorescence-labeled mFadA alone was added to the epithelial cells, no binding was detected. However, when mixed with nonlabeled pre-FadA, binding and invasion of mFadA into epithelial cells was observed. FadA is a unique bacterial adhesin/invasin in that it utilizes its own two forms for both structural and functional purposes. The pre-FadA-mFadA complex is probably anchored in the inner membrane and protrudes through the outer membrane. Internalization of the pre-FadA-mFadA ensures invasion of the bacteria into the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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41
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Abstract
AIM To explore the sensitivity of bacteria commonly found in root canals to 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light, either as individual cells or as participants of a bacterial multilayer. METHODOLOGY The sensitivity of oral bacteria, as individual cells, to UV light was tested by subjecting plates streaked with bacteria to 254 nm UV, at a fluence of 1-20 mJ cm(-2). An experimental model was designed to produce a bacterial multilayer and to study absorption of UV light by bacteria in an outer layer and its effect on the elimination of bacteria in the inner layer. RESULTS Direct exposure to relatively low doses of UV light (2-7 mJ cm(-2)) effectively eliminated all bacterial strains tested. Furthermore, an Enterococcus faecalis strain, partially resistant to a 24 h exposure to calcium hydroxide, was effectively eliminated within several seconds of exposure to UV light (P < 0.001). UV was absorbed by a multilayer of bacteria. When 4 bacterial cells microm(-2) were present in the light path, the UV light dose had to be increased by a factor of x10 to achieve 100% elimination of the bacteria in an inner layer. CONCLUSIONS The application of UV light to eliminate endodontic pathogens may be possible. Nevertheless, its absorbance by outer layers of bacteria should be considered and the UV light dose adapted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Metzger
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Mager DL. Bacteria and cancer: cause, coincidence or cure? A review. J Transl Med 2006; 4:14. [PMID: 16566840 PMCID: PMC1479838 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has found that certain bacteria are associated with human cancers. Their role, however, is still unclear. Convincing evidence links some species to carcinogenesis while others appear promising in the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of cancers. The complex relationship between bacteria and humans is demonstrated by Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella typhi infections. Research has shown that H. pylori can cause gastric cancer or MALT lymphoma in some individuals. In contrast, exposure to H. pylori appears to reduce the risk of esophageal cancer in others. Salmonella typhi infection has been associated with the development of gallbladder cancer; however S. typhi is a promising carrier of therapeutic agents for melanoma, colon and bladder cancers. Thus bacterial species and their roles in particular cancers appear to differ among different individuals. Many species, however, share an important characteristic: highly site-specific colonization. This critical factor may lead to the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests, innovative treatments and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Mager
- The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
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43
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Edwards AM, Grossman TJ, Rudney JD. Fusobacterium nucleatum transports noninvasive Streptococcus cristatus into human epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2006; 74:654-62. [PMID: 16369022 PMCID: PMC1346643 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.1.654-662.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of human buccal epithelial cells frequently reveals an intracellular polymicrobial consortium of bacteria. Although several oral bacteria have been demonstrated to invade cultured epithelial cells, several others appear unable to internalize. We hypothesized that normally noninvasive bacteria may gain entry into epithelial cells via adhesion to invasive bacteria. Fusobacterium nucleatum is capable of binding to and invading oral epithelial cells. By contrast, Streptococcus cristatus binds weakly to host cells and is not internalized. F. nucleatum and S. cristatus coaggregate strongly via an arginine-sensitive interaction. Coincubation of KB or TERT-2 epithelial cells with equal numbers of F. nucleatum and S. cristatus bacteria led to significantly increased numbers of adherent and internalized streptococci. F. nucleatum also promoted invasion of KB cells by other oral streptococci and Actinomyces naeslundii. Dissection of fusobacterial or streptococcal adhesive interactions by using sugars, amino acids, or antibodies demonstrated that this phenomenon is due to direct attachment of S. cristatus to adherent and invading F. nucleatum. Inhibition of F. nucleatum host cell attachment and invasion with galactose, or fusobacterial-streptococcal coaggregation by the arginine homologue l-canavanine, abrogated the increased S. cristatus adhesion to, and invasion of, host cells. In addition, polyclonal antibodies to F. nucleatum, which inhibited fusobacterial attachment to both KB cells and S. cristatus, significantly decreased invasion by both species. Similar decreases were obtained when epithelial cells were pretreated with cytochalasin D, staurosporine, or cycloheximide. These studies indicate that F. nucleatum may facilitate the colonization of epithelial cells by bacteria unable to adhere or invade directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Edwards
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, 17-252 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kang MS, Na HS, Oh JS. Coaggregation ability ofWeissella cibariaisolates withFusobacterium nucleatumand their adhesiveness to epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 253:323-9. [PMID: 16288835 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Weissella cibaria isolated from the oral cavity to coaggregate with Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the adhesiveness of these strains to epithelial cells. W. cibaria efficiently coaggregated with F. nucleatum, and adhered to epithelial cells. We tested the effects of various factors on the coaggregation. The coaggregation and adhesiveness of W. cibaria disappeared upon exposure to pronase or LiCl, suggesting that proteinaceous components on the surface of W. cibaria mediated the coaggregation and adhesiveness. In conclusion, W. cibaria may serve as a potential probiotic with the ability to establish an oral flora protecting against oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, 5 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
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Bachrach G, Ianculovici C, Naor R, Weiss EI. Fluorescence based measurements of Fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregation and of fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 248:235-40. [PMID: 15993010 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe associated with gingivitis, periodontal disease and preterm deliveries. Coaggregation among oral bacteria is considered to be a significant factor in dental plaque development. Adhesion to host cells was suggested to be important for the F. nucleatum virulence associated with oral inflammation and with preterm births. An uncharacterized fusobacterial galactose inhibitible adhesin mediates coaggregation of F. nucleatum 12230 and F. nucleatum PK1594 with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This adhesin is also involved with the attachment of both fusobacterial strains to host cells. However, it has been suggested that additional unidentified fusobacterial adhesins are involved in F. nucleatum virulence associated with preterm births. In this study, a fluorescence-based high throughput sensitive and reproducible method was developed for measuring bacterial coaggregation and bacterial attachment to mammalian cells. Using this method we found that coaggregation of F. nucleatum 4H with P. gingivalis and its attachment to murine macrophages is less inhibitible by galactose than that of F. nucleatum PK1594. These findings suggest that F. nucleatum 4H can serve as a model organism for identifying nongalactose inhibitible F. nucleatum adhesins considered to be involved in fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Bachrach
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Han YW, Ikegami A, Rajanna C, Kawsar HI, Zhou Y, Li M, Sojar HT, Genco RJ, Kuramitsu HK, Deng CX. Identification and characterization of a novel adhesin unique to oral fusobacteria. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:5330-40. [PMID: 16030227 PMCID: PMC1196005 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.15.5330-5340.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe that is prevalent in periodontal disease and infections of different parts of the body. The organism has remarkable adherence properties, binding to partners ranging from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to extracellular macromolecules. Understanding its adherence is important for understanding the pathogenesis of F. nucleatum. In this study, a novel adhesin, FadA (Fusobacterium adhesin A), was demonstrated to bind to the surface proteins of the oral mucosal KB cells. FadA is composed of 129 amino acid (aa) residues, including an 18-aa signal peptide, with calculated molecular masses of 13.6 kDa for the intact form and 12.6 kDa for the secreted form. It is highly conserved among F. nucleatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Fusobacterium simiae, the three most closely related oral species, but is absent in the nonoral species, including Fusobacterium gonidiaformans, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium naviforme, Fusobacterium russii, and Fusobacterium ulcerans. In addition to FadA, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and ATCC 49256 also encode two paralogues, FN1529 and FNV2159, each sharing 31% identity with FadA. A double-crossover fadA deletion mutant, F. nucleatum 12230-US1, was constructed by utilizing a novel sonoporation procedure. The mutant had a slightly slower growth rate, yet its binding to KB and Chinese hamster ovarian cells was reduced by 70 to 80% compared to that of the wild type, indicating that FadA plays an important role in fusobacterial colonization in the host. Furthermore, due to its uniqueness to oral Fusobacterium species, fadA may be used as a marker to detect orally related fusobacteria. F. nucleatum isolated from other parts of the body may originate from the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA.
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Sharma A, Inagaki S, Sigurdson W, Kuramitsu HK. Synergy between Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum in biofilm formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:39-42. [PMID: 15612944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During dental plaque formation, the interaction of different organisms is important in the development of complex communities. Fusobacterium nucleatum is considered a 'bridge-organism' that facilitates colonization of other bacteria by coaggregation-mediated mechanisms and possibly by making the environment conducive for oxygen intolerant anaerobes. These studies were carried out to determine whether coaggregation between F. nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia is important in the formation of mixed species biofilms. Further, the role of BspA protein, a surface adhesin of T. forsythia, in coaggregation and biofilm formation was investigated. The results showed the development of synergistic mixed biofilms of F. nucleatum and T. forsythia when these bacteria were cocultured. The BspA protein was not involved in biofilm formation. Though BspA plays a role in coaggregation with F. nucleatum, presumably other adhesins are also involved. The synergistic biofilm formation between the two species was dependent on cell-cell contact and soluble components of the bacteria were not required. This study demonstrates that there is a positive synergy between F. nucleatum and T. forsythia in the development of mixed biofilms and that the cell-cell interaction is essential for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Uitto VJ, Baillie D, Wu Q, Gendron R, Grenier D, Putnins EE, Kanervo A, Firth JD. Fusobacterium nucleatum increases collagenase 3 production and migration of epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2005; 73:1171-9. [PMID: 15664960 PMCID: PMC547012 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.2.1171-1179.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is closely associated with human periodontal diseases and may also be a causative agent in other infections, such as pericarditis, septic arthritis, and abscesses of tonsils and liver. Initiation and outcome of infective diseases depend critically on the host cell signaling system altered by the microbe. Production of proteinases by infected cells is an important factor in pericellular tissue destruction and cell migration. We studied binding of F. nucleatum to human epithelial cells (HaCaT keratinocyte line) and subsequent cell signaling related to collagenase 3 expression, cell motility, and cell survival, using a scratch wound cell culture model. F. nucleatum increased levels of 12 protein kinases involved in cell migration, proliferation, and cell survival signaling, as assessed by the Kinetworks immunoblotting system. Epithelial cells of the artificial wound margins were clearly preferential targets of F. nucleatum. The bacterium colocalized with lysosomal structures and stimulated migration of these cells. Of the 13 anaerobic oral bacterial species, F. nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum were among the best inducers of collagenase 3 mRNA levels, a powerful matrix metalloproteinase. Production of collagenase 3 was detected in fusobacterium-infected cells and cell culture medium by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and zymography. The proteinase production involved activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the infected cells. The study suggests that F. nucleatum may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases (and other infections) by activating multiple cell signaling systems that lead to stimulation of collagenase 3 expression and increased migration and survival of the infected epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Jukka Uitto
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, PL 41, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Rosen G, Nisimov I, Helcer M, Sela MN. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b lipopolysaccharide mediates coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3652-6. [PMID: 12761156 PMCID: PMC155709 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.6.3652-3656.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to be able to bind Fusobacterium nucleatum cells and to inhibit binding of F. nucleatum to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. Sugar binding studies showed that the requirements for binding of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS to the F. nucleatum lectin are the presence of a metal divalent ion, an axial free hydroxyl group at position 4, and free equatorial hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 6 of D-galactose, indicating that the beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in the serotype b LPS trisaccharide repeating unit is the monosaccharide residue recognized by the F. nucleatum lectin. These data strongly suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS is one of the receptors responsible for the lactose-inhibitable coaggregation of A. actinomycetemcomitans to fusobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Rosen
- Department of Oral Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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