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Lv H, Zhuang Y, Wu W. Lung Abscess Caused by Tannerella forsythia Infection: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6975-6981. [PMID: 37928606 PMCID: PMC10625316 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s434494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity. It is among the common pathogenic bacteria associated with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis. However, there is currently no literature discussing lung abscesses primarily caused by T. forsythia infection. Presentation This article presents the case of a 55-year-old male with a massive lung abscess. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage, and the sample was sent for pathogen metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing. The test indicated that the lung abscess was primarily caused by T. forsythia infection. A literature review was conducted to understand the characteristics of this pathogen as well as its clinical features and suitable treatment approaches. Conclusion Currently, there is no literature specifically mentioning T. forsythia as a primary pathogen causing lung abscesses. This anaerobic bacterium is commonly found in the oral cavity and is difficult to cultivate using routine culture methods. mNGS emerges as a value diagnostic method for identifying this pathogen. Treatment recommendations include drainage and antibiotic selection encompassing common periodontal pathogens such as red complex bacteria and Actinomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawen Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Guevara T, Rodriguez-Banqueri A, Ksiazek M, Potempa J, Gomis-Rüth FX. Structure-based mechanism of cysteine-switch latency and of catalysis by pappalysin-family metallopeptidases. IUCRJ 2020; 7:18-29. [PMID: 31949901 PMCID: PMC6949598 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519013848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is an oral dysbiotic periodontopathogen involved in severe human periodontal disease. As part of its virulence factor armamentarium, at the site of colonization it secretes mirolysin, a metallopeptidase of the unicellular pappalysin family, as a zymogen that is proteolytically auto-activated extracellularly at the Ser54-Arg55 bond. Crystal structures of the catalytically impaired promirolysin point mutant E225A at 1.4 and 1.6 Å revealed that latency is exerted by an N-terminal 34-residue pro-segment that shields the front surface of the 274-residue catalytic domain, thus preventing substrate access. The catalytic domain conforms to the metzincin clan of metallopeptidases and contains a double calcium site, which acts as a calcium switch for activity. The pro-segment traverses the active-site cleft in the opposite direction to the substrate, which precludes its cleavage. It is anchored to the mature enzyme through residue Arg21, which intrudes into the specificity pocket in cleft sub-site S1'. Moreover, residue Cys23 within a conserved cysteine-glycine motif blocks the catalytic zinc ion by a cysteine-switch mechanism, first described for mammalian matrix metallopeptidases. In addition, a 1.5 Å structure was obtained for a complex of mature mirolysin and a tetradecapeptide, which filled the cleft from sub-site S1' to S6'. A citrate molecule in S1 completed a product-complex mimic that unveiled the mechanism of substrate binding and cleavage by mirolysin, the catalytic domain of which was already preformed in the zymogen. These results, including a preference for cleavage before basic residues, are likely to be valid for other unicellular pappalysins derived from archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and fungi, including archetypal ulilysin from Methanosarcina acetivorans. They may further apply, at least in part, to the multi-domain orthologues of higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibisay Guevara
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arturo Rodriguez-Banqueri
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, 501 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - F. Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Campello PL, Borsanelli AC, Agostinho SD, Schweitzer CM, Gaetti-Jardim Jr. E, Döbereiner J, Dutra IS. Occurrence of periodontitis and dental wear in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Improved detection of subgingival calculus by laser fluorescence over differential reflectometry. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1807-1811. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Shakibaie F, Walsh LJ. Dental calculus detection using the VistaCam. Clin Exp Dent Res 2016; 2:226-229. [PMID: 29744171 PMCID: PMC5839183 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The VistaCam® intra-oral camera system (Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany) is a fluorescence system using light emitting diodes that produce a 405-nm violet light. This wavelength has potential application for detection of dental calculus based on red emissions from porphyrin molecules. This study assessed the digital scores obtained for both supragingival and subgingival calculus on 60 extracted teeth and compared these with lesions of dental caries. It has also examined the effect of saliva and blood on the fluorescence readings for dental calculus. VistaCam fluorescence scores for both supragingival (1.7-3.3) and subgingival calculus (1.3-2.4) were higher than those for sound root surfaces (0.9-1.1) and dental caries (0.9-2.2) (p < .05). The readings for calculus samples were not affected by the presence of saliva or blood. These results suggest that the use of violet light fluorescence could be a possible adjunct to clinical examination for deposits of dental calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardad Shakibaie
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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6
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Laser fluorescence detection of subgingival calculus using the DIAGNOdent Classic versus periodontal probing. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1621-1626. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Seymour GJ, Palmer JE, Leishman SJ, Do HL, Westerman B, Carle AD, Faddy MJ, West MJ, Cullinan MP. Influence of a triclosan toothpaste on periodontopathic bacteria and periodontitis progression in cardiovascular patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:61-73. [PMID: 26932733 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Triclosan/copolymer toothpaste is effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis and in slowing the progression of periodontitis. This study describes its influence on microbiological and clinical outcomes, over a 5-year period, in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Four-hundred and thirty-eight patients were recruited from the Cardiovascular Unit at The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, and randomized to triclosan or placebo groups. Six sites per tooth were examined annually for probing pocket depth and loss of attachment. These outcomes were analysed, using generalized linear modelling, in 381 patients who had measurements from consecutive examinations. Concurrent load of the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis was determined, using quantitative real-time PCR, in 437 patients with baseline plaque samples. Group comparisons were expressed as geometric means. The chi-square test was used to test for differences between the two groups of patients with regard to the proportion of patients with different numbers of bacterial species. RESULTS There was no difference in general health or periodontal status between the groups at baseline. There was a significant reduction in the number of interproximal sites showing loss of attachment between examinations, by 21% on average (p < 0.01), in the triclosan group compared with the placebo group. The prevalence of patients with F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans was high and remained relatively constant throughout the 5 years of the study. In contrast, the prevalence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis showed more variability; however, there was no significant difference between the groups, at any time point, in the prevalence of any organism. A significant difference in the geometric means for P. gingivalis (p = 0.01) was seen at years 1 and 4, and for F. nucleatum (p = 0.01) and in the total bacterial load (p = 0.03) at year 2; however, these differences were not statistically significant following a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. There was no difference between the groups in the geometric means for each organism at year 5. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, these data suggest that the use of triclosan/copolymer toothpaste significantly slowed the progression of periodontitis in patients with CVD but that it had little influence on key subgingival periodontopathic bacteria in these patients over the 5 years of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Seymour
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,The Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J E Palmer
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S J Leishman
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - H L Do
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B Westerman
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A D Carle
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Qld, Australia
| | - M J Faddy
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M J West
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M P Cullinan
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,The Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Shakibaie F, Walsh LJ. DIAGNOdent Pen versus tactile sense for detection of subgingival calculus: an in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2015; 1:26-31. [PMID: 29744137 PMCID: PMC5839182 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare the performance of the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence (LF) Pen to conventional periodontal probing for detection of subgingival calculus under defined laboratory conditions. Extracted teeth with various levels of subgingival deposits of calculus were mounted anatomically in stone casts, and an impression material was used to replicate periodontal soft tissues. The casts were examined for the presence of subgingival calculus at eight surfaces per tooth (240 sites) using LF and a periodontal probe. Sites were rescored after 1 and 3 weeks. Direct imaging of the root surfaces under magnification was the gold standard. As a result, for an experienced operator, LF was more accurate than tactile assessment (across all sites, 84.0% vs. 59.8%). The performance difference was greater for multi-rooted teeth (85.8% vs. 56.9%) than single-rooted teeth (77.2% vs. 66.7%). The performance of LF in this laboratory trial was influenced strongly by clinician skill and experience. When used by an experienced operator, LF was more sensitive (75.1% vs. 69.2%), specific (92.6% vs. 86.3%), and accurate (84% vs. 77.9%) than for an inexperienced operator. In conclusion, under the defined laboratory conditions used, LF had better performance than tactile examination, particularly for multi-rooted teeth. This method may have value clinically as an adjunct for detecting subgingival deposits of calculus in clinical practice. The usefulness of the method improves with operator experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardad Shakibaie
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
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9
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Performance differences in the detection of subgingival calculus by laser fluorescence devices. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2281-6. [PMID: 26396103 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Posch G, Sekot G, Friedrich V, Megson ZA, Koerdt A, Messner P, Schäffer C. Glycobiology Aspects of the Periodontal Pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Biomolecules 2012; 2:467-82. [PMID: 24970146 PMCID: PMC4030854 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycobiology is important for the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia, affecting the bacterium's cellular integrity, its life-style, and virulence potential. The bacterium possesses a unique Gram-negative cell envelope with a glycosylated surface (S-) layer as outermost decoration that is proposed to be anchored via a rough lipopolysaccharide. The S-layer glycan has the structure 4‑MeO-b-ManpNAcCONH2-(1→3)-[Pse5Am7Gc-(2→4)-]-b-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-[4-MeO-a-Galp-(1→2)-]-a-Fucp-(1→4)-[-a-Xylp-(1→3)-]-b-GlcpA-(1→3)-[-b-Digp-(1→2)-]-a-Galp and is linked to distinct serine and threonine residues within the D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V) amino acid motif. Also several other Tannerella proteins are modified with the S‑layer oligosaccharide, indicating the presence of a general O‑glycosylation system. Protein O‑glycosylation impacts the life-style of T. forsythia since truncated S-layer glycans present in a defined mutant favor biofilm formation. While the S‑layer has also been shown to be a virulence factor and to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system of the host, the contribution of glycosylation to modulating host immunity is currently unraveling. Recently, it was shown that Tannerella surface glycosylation has a role in restraining the Th17-mediated neutrophil infiltration in the gingival tissues. Related to its asaccharolytic physiology, T. forsythia expresses a robust enzymatic repertoire, including several glycosidases, such as sialidases, which are linked to specific growth requirements and are involved in triggering host tissue destruction. This review compiles the current knowledge on the glycobiology of T. forsythia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Sekot
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Valentin Friedrich
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Zoë A Megson
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrea Koerdt
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Sekot G, Posch G, Oh YJ, Zayni S, Mayer HF, Pum D, Messner P, Hinterdorfer P, Schäffer C. Analysis of the cell surface layer ultrastructure of the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:525-39. [PMID: 22273979 PMCID: PMC3354324 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia is decorated with a 2D crystalline surface (S-) layer, with two different S-layer glycoprotein species being present. Prompted by the predicted virulence potential of the S-layer, this study focused on the analysis of the arrangement of the individual S-layer glycoproteins by a combination of microscopic, genetic, and biochemical analyses. The two S-layer genes are transcribed into mRNA and expressed into protein in equal amounts. The S-layer was investigated on intact bacterial cells by transmission electron microscopy, by immune fluorescence microscopy, and by atomic force microscopy. The analyses of wild-type cells revealed a distinct square S-layer lattice with an overall lattice constant of 10.1 ± 0.7 nm. In contrast, a blurred lattice with a lattice constant of 9.0 nm was found on S-layer single-mutant cells. This together with in vitro self-assembly studies using purified (glyco)protein species indicated their increased structural flexibility after self-assembly and/or impaired self-assembly capability. In conjunction with TEM analyses of thin-sectioned cells, this study demonstrates the unusual case that two S-layer glycoproteins are co-assembled into a single S-layer. Additionally, flagella and pilus-like structures were observed on T. forsythia cells, which might impact the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sekot
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4070 Linz, Austria
| | - Sonja Zayni
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Harald F. Mayer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4070 Linz, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 311 Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214-8013, USA, Phone: 716-829-2759; Fax: 716-829-3942
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Sharma A, Inagaki S, Honma K, Sfintescu C, Baker PJ, Evans RT. Tannerella forsythia-induced alveolar bone loss in mice involves leucine-rich-repeat BspA protein. J Dent Res 2005; 84:462-7. [PMID: 15840784 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) is one of the periodontal pathogens recently implicated in the development of periodontal disease. The cell-surface-associated, as well as the secreted, leucine-rich-repeat protein (BspA) of this bacterium have been suggested to play roles in bacterial adherence, and also in inflammation, by triggering release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and chemokines from osteoblasts, leading to inflammation and bone resorption. In this study, we sought to determine the pathogenic potential of T. forsythia and the in vivo role of the BspA protein in pathogenesis in the mouse model of infection-induced alveolar bone loss. The results showed alveolar bone loss in mice infected with the T. forsythia wild-type strain, whereas the BspA mutant was impaired. In conclusion, evidence is presented in support of T. forsythia as an important organism involved in inducing alveolar bone loss, and the BspA protein is an important virulence factor of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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15
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Gosling PT, Gemmell E, Carter CL, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Immunohistological analysis of Tannerella forsythia-induced lesions in a murine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:25-30. [PMID: 15612941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia has been implicated as a defined periodontal pathogen. In the present study a mouse model was used to determine the phenotype of leukocytes in the lesions induced by subcutaneous injections of either live (group A) or nonviable (group B) T. forsythia. Control mice (group C) received the vehicle only. Lesions were excised at days 1, 2, 4, and 7. An avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method was used to stain infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD14+ macrophages, CD19+ B cells, and neutrophils. Hematoxylin and eosin sections demonstrated lesions with central necrotic cores surrounded by neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in both group A and group B mice. Lesions from control mice exhibited no or only occasional solitary leukocytes. In both groups A and B, neutrophils were the dominant leukocyte in the lesion 1 day after injection, the numbers decreasing over the 7-day experimental period. There was a relatively low mean percent of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lesions and, whereas the percent of CD8+ T cells remained constant, there was a significant increase in the percent of CD4+ T cells at day 7. This increase was more evident in group A mice. The mean percent of CD14+ macrophages and CD19+ B cells remained low over the experimental period, although there was a significantly higher mean percent of CD19+ B cells at day 1. In conclusion, the results showed that immunization of mice with live T. forsythia induced a stronger immune response than nonviable organisms. The inflammatory response presented as a nonspecific immune response with evidence of an adaptive (T-cell) response by day 7. Unlike Porphyromonas gingivalis, there was no inhibition of neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Gosling
- Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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O'Brien-Simpson NM, Veith PD, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC. Antigens of bacteria associated with periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2004; 35:101-34. [PMID: 15107060 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Science, School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Sabet M, Lee SW, Nauman RK, Sims T, Um HS. The surface (S-) layer is a virulence factor of Bacteroides forsythus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2004; 149:3617-3627. [PMID: 14663093 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides forsythus has emerged as a crucial periodontal pathogen with possible implications for systemic disease. The aim of this study was to isolate the S-layer from B. forsythus and examine its virulence potential as a part of efforts to characterize virulence factors of B. forsythus. The role of the S-layer in the haemagglutinating and adherent/invasive activities was evaluated. It was observed that the S-layer alone was able to mediate haemagglutination. In adherent and invasive studies, transmission electron microscopy clearly revealed that B. forsythus cells were able to attach to and invade KB cells, showing the formation of a microvillus-like extension around adherent and intracellular bacteria. The quantitative analysis showed that five different B. forsythus strains exhibited attachment (1.9-2.3 %) and invasion (0.4-0.7 %) capabilities. It was also observed through antibody inhibition assays that adherent/invasive activities of B. forsythus are mediated by the S-layer. Furthermore, an in vivo immunization study adopting a murine abscess model was used to prove that the S-layer is involved in the infectious process of abscess formation. While mice immunized with purified S-layer and B. forsythus whole cells did not develop any abscesses when challenged with viable B. forsythus cells, unimmunized mice developed abscesses. Collectively, the data obtained from these studies indicate that the S-layer of B. forsythus is a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Dental School, 666 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - S-W Lee
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Dental School, 666 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - R K Nauman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Dental School, 666 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - T Sims
- Oral Health Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H-S Um
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Dental School, 666 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Wan AKL, Seow WK, Purdie DM, Bird PS, Walsh LJ, Tudehope DI. Immunoglobulins in saliva of preterm and full-term infants. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:72-8. [PMID: 12654094 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine salivary levels of total IgA, IgG and IgM in 84 preterm and 214 full-term infants, from birth to 18 months of age. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each infant at birth, and subsequently at 3-monthly intervals. Immunoglobulin levels were estimated using an ELISA technique. At birth, IgA was detected in 147/214 (69%) full-term infants but only 47/84 (56%) preterm infants (P < 0.01). In the case of IgG, 61% of full-term and 56% of preterm infants showed detectable levels, whereas IgM was found in 71% and 73%, respectively. Levels of IgA and IgG rose from birth to 18 months, whereas IgM levels did not change significantly. Increases in salivary levels of IgA were associated with introduction of solid foods (P < 0.001), as well as tooth eruption (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that the majority of full-term and preterm infants are orally immunocompetent at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K L Wan
- University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gemmell E, Bird PS, Carter CL, Drysdale KE, Seymour GJ. Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the T and B cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mouse model. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 128:238-44. [PMID: 11985513 PMCID: PMC1906396 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell cytokine profiles and specific serum antibody levels in five groups of BALB/c mice immunized with saline alone, viable Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, viable Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum were determined. Splenic CD4 and CD8 cells were examined for intracytoplasmic interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 by dual colour flow cytometry and the levels of serum anti-F. nucleatum and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies determined by an ELISA. Both Th1 and Th2 responses were demonstrated by all groups, and while there were slightly lower percentages of cytokine positive T cells in mice injected with F. nucleatum alone compared with the other groups immunized with bacteria, F. nucleatum had no effect on the T cell production of cytokines induced by P. gingivalis in the two groups immunized with both organisms. However, the percentages of cytokine positive CD8 cells were generally significantly higher than those of the CD4 cells. Mice immunized with F. nucleatum alone had high levels of serum anti-F. nucleatum antibodies with very low levels of P. gingivalis antibodies, whereas mice injected with P. gingivalis alone produced anti-P. gingivalis antibodies predominantly. Although the levels of anti-F. nucleatum antibodies in mice injected with F. nucleatum followed by P. gingivalis were the same as in mice immunized with F. nucleatum alone, antibody levels to P. gingivalis were very low. In contrast, mice injected with P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum produced equal levels of both anti-P. gingivalis and anti-F. nucleatum antibodies, although at lower levels than the other three groups immunized with bacteria, respectively. Anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia serum antibody levels were also determined and found to be negligible. In conclusion, F. nucleatum immunization does not affect the splenic T cell cytokine response to P. gingivalis. However, F. nucleatum immunization prior to that of P. gingivalis almost completely inhibited the production of anti-P. gingivalis antibodies while P. gingivalis injection before F. nucleatum demonstrated a partial inhibitory effect by P. gingivalis on antibody production to F. nucleatum. The significance of these results with respect to human periodontal disease is difficult to determine. However, they may explain in part differing responses to P. gingivalis in different individuals who may or may not have had prior exposure to F. nucleatum. Finally, the results suggested that P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum do not induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies to other oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gemmell
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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