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Alghutaimel H, Matoug-Elwerfelli M, Alhaji M, Albawardi F, Nagendrababu V, Dummer PMH. Propolis Use in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Its Preventive and Therapeutic Applications. Int Dent J 2024; 74:365-386. [PMID: 38378400 PMCID: PMC11123522 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous substance produced naturally by bees, and it consists of the exudates of plants mixed with enzymes, wax, and pollen. Propolis continues to gain considerable scientific interest due to its potential health benefits. The modern-day use of propolis in pharmaceutical preparations, such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, chewable tablets, mucoadhesive gels, and sprays, is increasing. However, the effectiveness of using propolis-containing pharmaceuticals in dentistry is not clear. The present paper aims to review the literature on the dental applications of propolis in preventive dentistry, periodontics, oral medicine, and restorative dentistry and discuss its clinical effectiveness. A literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. In total, 104 studies were included, of which 46 were laboratory studies, 5 animal studies, and 53 human clinical studies. Overall, the laboratory studies revealed a range of antimicrobial effects of propolis on oral pathogens. Clinical investigations of propolis in biofilm and dental caries control as well as adjuvant periodontal therapies reported positive outcomes in terms of plaque control, pathogenic microbial count reduction, and periodontal tissue inflammation control. Additional investigations included the use of propolis for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral mucositis, and cavity disinfection after caries removal as well as the development of a range of restorative dental materials. Based on the reported outcomes of the studies, the clinical usage of propolis has potential. However, the majority of the evidence is derived from studies with flaws in their methodological design, making their results and conclusions questionable. As a consequence, properly designed and well-reported clinical studies are required to affirm the effectiveness of propolis for dental applications. Additionally, the safety of propolis and the optimal concentrations and extraction methods for its clinical use warrant further investigation. Utilisation of standardised propolis extracts will help in quality control of propolis-based products and lead to the achievement of reproducible outcomes in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Alghutaimel
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mayada Alhaji
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Albawardi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Carneiro BT, de Castro FNAM, Benetti F, Nima G, Suzuki TYU, André CB. Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:99-113. [PMID: 38425046 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2321965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tavares Carneiro
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Departament of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rudin L, Roth N, Kneubühler J, Dubey BN, Bornstein MM, Shyp V. Inhibitory effect of natural flavone luteolin on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0522322. [PMID: 37732737 PMCID: PMC10581090 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05223-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the key pathogens responsible for dental caries, which is known to be one of the most prevalent biofilm-associated diseases worldwide. S. mutans virulence strongly depends on its biofilm formation and enamel demineralization abilities due to the production of surface adhesins, exopolysaccharides, and acid in the presence of sugar. Luteolin is an abundant natural flavone with a prominent anti-bacterial function. However, it remains unclear how luteolin affects S. mutans pathogenicity including its acidogenicity and biofilm formation. In this study, the effect of luteolin on S. mutans growth, acid production, and its early and late biofilm formation and biofilm disruption was tested. Luteolin shows strong anti-biofilm activity, while it remains non-toxic for bacterial cell viability. In the biofilm, luteolin reduces the expression of S. mutans virulence genes such as gbpC, spaP, gtfBCD, and ftf encoding for surface adhesins and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)-producing enzymes, which reflects in the strong reduction of bacteria and EPS. Further, it reduces water-insoluble glucan production in the biofilm, potentially, via direct interference with glucosyltransfereases (Gtfs). Moreover, at biofilm inhibitory concentrations, luteolin significantly reduces acid production by S. mutans. Finally, luteolin could target S. mutans amyloid proteins to disrupt the biofilm based on the observation that it inhibits the uptake of the amyloid dye, thioflavin T, by S. mutans extracellular proteins and failed to inhibit biofilm formation by the mutant strain lacking three main amyloid proteins. In conclusion, luteolin appears to be a potent natural compound with pleiotropic anti-biofilm properties against one of the main cariogenic human pathogens, S. mutans. IMPORTANCE Flavonoids are natural compounds with proven anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm properties. Here, we describe the anti-biofilm properties of natural flavone luteolin against the main cariogenic bacteria, S. mutans. Luteolin inhibited gene expression of cell surface adhesins, fructosyltransferases, and glucosyltransferases, which promotes a significant reduction of bacterial and EPS biomass in early and late biofilms. Moreover, luteolin could directly target S. mutans Gtfs and functional amyloids to modulate pathogenic biofilms. These observations provide important insights into the anti-biofilm properties of luteolin while laying out a framework for future therapeutic strategies targeting biofilm-associated virulence factors of oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rudin
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noelle Roth
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Kneubühler
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Badri Nath Dubey
- CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Health and Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriya Shyp
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Health and Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Rudin L, Bornstein MM, Shyp V. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans by natural flavonoid phloretin. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2230711. [PMID: 37416858 PMCID: PMC10321187 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2230711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid phloretin on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration, viability, and biofilm susceptibility assays were conducted to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of phloretin. Biofilm composition and structure were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Water-soluble (WSG) and water-insoluble glucan (WIG) were determined using anthrone method. Lactic acid measurements and acid tolerance assay were performed to assess acidogenicity and aciduricity. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of virulence genes essential for surface attachment, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Results Phloretin inhibited S. mutans growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it reduced gtfB and gtfC gene expression, correlating with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)/bacteria and WIG/WSG ratio. Inhibition of comED and luxS gene expression, involved in stress tolerance, was associated with compromised acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans. Conclusions Phloretin exhibits antibacterial properties against S. mutans, modulates acid production and tolerance, and reduces biofilm formation. Clinical significance Phloretin is a promising natural compound with pronounced inhibitory effect on key virulence factors of the cariogenic pathogen, S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rudin
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Head of the Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriya Shyp
- Postdoctoral Researcher. Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
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Elmaidomy AH, Shady NH, Abdeljawad KM, Elzamkan MB, Helmy HH, Tarshan EA, Adly AN, Hussien YH, Sayed NG, Zayed A, Abdelmohsen UR. Antimicrobial potentials of natural products against multidrug resistance pathogens: a comprehensive review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29078-29102. [PMID: 36320761 PMCID: PMC9558262 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the critical issues, describing a significant social health complication globally. Hence, the discovery of novel antibiotics has acquired an increased attention particularly against drug-resistant pathogens. Natural products have served as potent therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the glorious age of antibiotics of the mid 20th century. This review outlines the various mechanistic candidates for dealing with multi-drug resistant pathogens and explores the terrestrial phytochemicals isolated from plants, lichens, insects, animals, fungi, bacteria, mushrooms, and minerals with reported antimicrobial activity, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, newly established tools are presented, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and bacteriocins, supporting the progress of effective antibiotics to address the emergence of antibiotic-resistant infectious bacteria. Therefore, the current article may uncover promising drug candidates that can be used in drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | | | - Hussein Hykel Helmy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Emad Ashour Tarshan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Abanoub Nabil Adly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | - Nesma Gamal Sayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus) Tanta 31527 Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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Milutinovici RA, Chioran D, Buzatu R, Macasoi I, Razvan S, Chioibas R, Corlan IV, Tanase A, Horia C, Popovici RA, Dinu S, Dehelean C, Scurtu A, Pinzaru I, Soica C. Vegetal Compounds as Sources of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agents in Dentistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2148. [PMID: 34685957 PMCID: PMC8537575 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pathology remains a global health problem affecting both children and adults. The most important dental diseases are dental caries and periodontal pathologies. The main cause of oral health problems is overpopulation with pathogenic bacteria and for this reason, conventional therapy can often be ineffective due to bacterial resistance or may have unpleasant side effects. For that reason, studies in the field have focused on finding new therapeutic alternatives. Special attention is paid to the plant kingdom, which offers a wide range of plants and active compounds in various pathologies. This review focused on the most used plants in the dental field, especially on active phytocompounds, both in terms of chemical structure and in terms of mechanism of action. It also approached the in vitro study of active compounds and the main types of cell lines used to elucidate the effect and mechanism of action. Thus, medicinal plants and their compounds represent a promising and interesting alternative to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Adriana Milutinovici
- Departament of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
- Orthodontic Research Center (ORTHO-CENTER), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989 No. 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Chioran
- Department of Dento-Alveolar Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Facial Tooth Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (C.D.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Susan Razvan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Raul Chioibas
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Ion Virgil Corlan
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.V.C.); (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.V.C.); (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Calniceanu Horia
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ramona Amina Popovici
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.V.C.); (A.T.); (R.A.P.)
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (C.D.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (C.D.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (C.D.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (C.D.); (A.S.); (I.P.); (C.S.)
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:30. [PMID: 34588414 PMCID: PMC8481554 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) play critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)- mediated dental caries including early childhood caries. Gtfs enhance the biofilm formation and promotes colonization of cariogenic bacteria by generating biofilm extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), the key virulence property in the cariogenic process. Therefore, Gtfs have become an appealing target for effective therapeutic interventions that inhibit cariogenic biofilms. Importantly, targeting Gtfs selectively impairs the S. mutans virulence without affecting S. mutans existence or the existence of other species in the oral cavity. Over the past decade, numerous Gtfs inhibitory molecules have been identified, mainly including natural and synthetic compounds and their derivatives, antibodies, and metal ions. These therapeutic agents exert their inhibitory role in inhibiting the expression gtf genes and the activities and secretion of Gtfs enzymes with a wide range of sensitivity and effectiveness. Understanding molecular mechanisms of inhibiting Gtfs will contribute to instructing drug combination strategies, which is more effective for inhibiting Gtfs than one drug or class of drugs. This review highlights our current understanding of Gtfs activities and their potential utility, and discusses challenges and opportunities for future exploration of Gtfs as a therapeutic target.
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Antimicrobial, modulatory, and antibiofilm activity of tt-farnesol on bacterial and fungal strains of importance to human health. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128192. [PMID: 34118413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and modulatory activities of trans-trans-farnesol (tt-farnesol). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this sesquiterpene was evaluated against 31 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and 4 species of the genus Candida. Furthermore, we examined its inhibitory action on biofilm production as well as antibiotic modulation. Only Gram-positive species presented susceptibility to tt-farnesol (MIC ranging from 8 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL). No synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed between tt-farnesol (1/4 and 1/8 of MIC) and first-choice antibiotics against multidrug resistant strains. However, the modulatory action of tt-farnesol (1/2 and 1/4 of the MIC) decreased 8 × MIC of non-inhibitory β-lactam antibiotic against a Methicillin-resistant strain. In the antibiofilm assay, tt-farnesol inhibited biofilm formation, especially in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, at concentrations ranging from 2 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Additionally, in the molecular docking study, the tt-farnesol molecule demonstrated a remarkable binding affinity with important proteins involved in the biofilm production, such as IcaA and Srt proteins. The antimicrobial action of tt-farnesol on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae strains was evaluated for the first time, presenting an MIC of 16 µg/mL for both strains. Our findings reveal the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and modulatory potential of tt-farnesol to aid in the fight against infectious processes.
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4892. [PMID: 34063086 PMCID: PMC8124254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive prevention measures in caries prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Pancu DF, Scurtu A, Macasoi IG, Marti D, Mioc M, Soica C, Coricovac D, Horhat D, Poenaru M, Dehelean C. Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:401. [PMID: 33917092 PMCID: PMC8067816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are still debatable and are far from being elucidated. Thus, the present manuscript offers a global perspective on antibiotics in terms of evolution from a historical perspective with an emphasis on the main classes of antibiotics and their adverse effects. It also highlights the connection between antibiotics and microbiota, focusing on the dual role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis. In addition, using the natural compounds with antibacterial properties as potential alternatives for the classical antibiotic therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Florin Pancu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Marti
- Faculty of Medicine, Western University Vasile Goldis Arad, 94 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Horhat
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Marioara Poenaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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André CB, Rosalen PL, Giannini M, Bueno-Silva B, Pfeifer CS, Ferracane JL. Incorporation of Apigenin and tt-Farnesol into dental composites to modulate the Streptococcus mutans virulence. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e201-e212. [PMID: 33422299 PMCID: PMC7981265 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to incorporate two anti-caries agents, Apigenin and tt-Farnesol, to resin composite and resin cement to reduce the virulence of Streptococcus mutans around dental restorations. METHODS Apigenin (Api, 5 mM) and tt-Farnesol (Far, 5 mM) were added alone, together, and combined with fluoride (F). Biofilm of S. mutans was grown on composite discs, and the dry-weight, bacterial viability, and the polysaccharides (alkali-soluble, intracellular and water-soluble) were quantified. CLSM images of the S. mutans biofilm were obtained after three years of water-storage. The effect of the additions on the physicochemical properties and the composite colorimetric parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS The additions did not affect bacterial viability. Api alone and combined with Far or combined with Far and F decreased the bacterial dry-weight, alkali-soluble and intracellular polysaccharides. After three years, the composites containing the additions presented a greater EPS matrix on the top of biofilm. Statistical difference was obtained for the degree of conversion; however, the maximum polymerization rate and curing kinetics were unaffected by the additions. No difference was observed for the water-soluble polysaccharides, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. Api increased the yellowness of the composites. SIGNIFICANCE Api, alone and combined, reduced the expression of virulence of S. mutans without jeopardizing the physicochemical properties of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bosso André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jack Liborio Ferracane
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Zulhendri F, Felitti R, Fearnley J, Ravalia M. The use of propolis in dentistry, oral health, and medicine: A review. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:23-34. [PMID: 33465498 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a resinous product that is collected from plants by bees to cover holes and crevices in their hives. Propolis has potent antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anticancer properties. Propolis has been used therapeutically by humans for centuries, including the treatment of dental caries and mouth infections. HIGHLIGHT This review article attempts to analyze the potential use of propolis in general dentistry and oral health management. CONCLUSION Propolis is potentially useful in dentistry and oral health management based on available in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, as well as human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Felitti
- Oral Rehabilitation and Prosthodontics, Private Practice, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, NorthYorkshire, United Kingdom.
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Aguirre-Becerra H, Pineda-Nieto SA, García-Trejo JF, Guevara-González RG, Feregrino-Pérez AA, Álvarez-Mayorga BL, Rivera Pastrana DM. Jacaranda flower ( Jacaranda mimosifolia) as an alternative for antioxidant and antimicrobial use. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05802. [PMID: 33376830 PMCID: PMC7758518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics is a serious health problem worldwide, for this reason, the search for natural agents with antimicrobial power against pathogenic microorganisms is of current importance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity (ABTS+ and DPPH), antimicrobial activity, and polyphenol compounds of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Jacaranda mimosifolia flowers. The antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, was determined using the Kirby Bauer technique. The results of polyphenolic compounds showed a high amount of total flavonoids in the methanolic and aqueous extracts (503.3 ± 86.5 and 245. 7 ± 27.8 mg Rutin Equivalents/g DW, respectively). Quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were identified by the HPLC-DAD technique, while in the GC-MS analysis, esters, fatty acids, organic compounds, as well as monosaccharides were identified. Higher antioxidant capacity was detected by the ABTS technique (94.9% and 62.6%) compared to DPPH values (52.5% and 52.7 %) for methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The methanolic extract showed a greater inhibitory effect on gram-positive bacteria, with a predominant higher inhibition percentage on Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus mutans (86% for both). In conclusion, Jacaranda flower extracts could be a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant alternative due to the considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds, and serve as a sustainable alternative for the isolation of active ingredients that could help in agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, pharmaceutics, and other industrial sectors, to remediate problems such as oxidative stress and antimicrobial abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Aguirre-Becerra
- Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amazcala, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Chichimequillas-Amazcala Road Km 1 S/N, Amazcala, CP: 76265, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Silvia Araceli Pineda-Nieto
- Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amazcala, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Chichimequillas-Amazcala Road Km 1 S/N, Amazcala, CP: 76265, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Fernando García-Trejo
- Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amazcala, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Chichimequillas-Amazcala Road Km 1 S/N, Amazcala, CP: 76265, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ramón G Guevara-González
- Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amazcala, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Chichimequillas-Amazcala Road Km 1 S/N, Amazcala, CP: 76265, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Angelica Feregrino-Pérez
- Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amazcala, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Chichimequillas-Amazcala Road Km 1 S/N, Amazcala, CP: 76265, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Liliana Álvarez-Mayorga
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N. Col. Las Campanas, CP: 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Rivera Pastrana
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N. Col. Las Campanas, CP: 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
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Curuțiu C, Dițu LM, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Polyphenols of Honeybee Origin with Applications in Dental Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E856. [PMID: 33266173 PMCID: PMC7761219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee products are a great source of polyphenols with recognized applications in dental medicine. Although their biological mechanisms in oral diseases are not fully understood, numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have reported promising results in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasite, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, recommend their future study in order to develop efficient alternatives in the management of widespread oral conditions, such as dental caries and periodontitis. The most investigated mechanisms of polyphenols in oral health rely on their ability to strengthen the dental enamel, decrease the development of dental plaque formation, inhibit the progression of dental caries and development of dental pathogens and show anti-inflammatory properties. These features recommend them as useful honeybee candidates in the management of emerging oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Curuțiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Lia Mara Dițu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
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Liu Y, Liu P, Wang L, Shi Y, Chen J, Wang H, Zhang X. Inhibitory effects of citrus lemon oil and limonene on Streptococcus sobrinus – Induced dental caries in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Sims KR, Maceren JP, Liu Y, Rocha GR, Koo H, Benoit DSW. Dual antibacterial drug-loaded nanoparticles synergistically improve treatment of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:418-431. [PMID: 32853808 PMCID: PMC7530141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries (i.e., tooth decay), which is caused by biofilm formation on tooth surfaces, is the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. Unfortunately, many anti-biofilm drugs lack efficacy within the oral cavity due to poor solubility, retention, and penetration into biofilms. While drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to overcome these hurdles and improve traditional antimicrobial treatments, including farnesol, efficacy is still modest due to myriad resistance mechanisms employed by biofilms, suggesting that synergistic drug treatments may be more efficacious. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a cariogenic pathogen and biofilm forming model organism, has several key virulence factors including acidogenicity and exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix synthesis. Flavonoids, such as myricetin, can reduce both biofilm acidogenicity and EPS synthesis. Therefore, a nanoparticle carrier (NPC) DDS with flexibility to co-load farnesol in the hydrophobic core and myricetin within the cationic corona, was tested in vitro using established and developing S. mutans biofilms. Co-loaded NPC treatments effectively disrupted biofilm biomass (i.e., dry weight) and reduced biofilm viability by ~3 log CFU/mL versus single drug-only controls in developing biofilms, suggesting dual-drug delivery exhibits synergistic anti-biofilm effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that co-loaded NPCs synergistically inhibited planktonic bacterial growth compared to controls and reduced S. mutans acidogenicity due to decreased atpD expression, a gene associated with acid tolerance. Moreover, the myricetin-loaded NPC corona enhanced NPC binding to tooth-mimetic surfaces, which can increase drug efficacy through improved retention at the biofilm-apatite interface. Altogether, these findings suggest promise for co-delivery of myricetin and farnesol DDS as an alternative anti-biofilm treatment to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Sims
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Translational Biomedical Science, Rochester, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Julian P Maceren
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guilherme R Rocha
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States; São Paulo State University, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hyun Koo
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Materials Science Program, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Center for Oral Biology, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Chemical Engineering, NY, United States.
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Inhibitory Effect of Phenolic Acids in Rubus coreanus on Glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3695-3703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Leyva Del Rio D, Sartori N, Tomblin NB, Phark JH, Pardi V, Murata RM, Duarte S. Bioactive Dental Adhesive System With tt-Farnesol: Effects on Dental Biofilm and Bonding Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:865. [PMID: 32793584 PMCID: PMC7390972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Composite dental restorations are commonly used to restore cavitated carious lesions. Unfortunately, the main reason for failure is the development of secondary caries adjacent to the restoration. To improve the long-term survival of restorations, antibacterial agents have been added into dental materials. In this study, we assessed the antibacterial and bonding capacity of a commercial universal dental adhesive incorporated with the antibacterial agent tt-farnesol creating 3 experimental adhesives: 0.38% (v/v), 1.90% (v/v), and 3.80% (v/v), plus a control (no incorporation of tt-farnesol). Methods The antibacterial activity was evaluated by assessing colony-forming units (CFU), biofilm dry weight (DW) and production of extracellular insoluble polysaccharides (EIP) at day 2, 3, and 5 of biofilm growth post surface treatment on the surface of composite disks. The effect of tt-farnesol on the chemical and bonding capacity of the adhesive system was assessed via pH analysis, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strengths to human dentin in both self-etch and etch-and-rinse application modes. A qualitative analysis of the effects of tt-farnesol on biofilm formation was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sealing capacity of all adhesive systems tested was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results The 3.80% (v/v) experimental adhesive exhibited the lowest CFU count and lowest production of EIP at day 5. DW and pH values did no exhibit statistical differences among all tested groups. Bond strengths and DC decreased with the incorporation of the antibacterial agent into the adhesive system regardless of the concentration of tt-farnesol. Conclusion The incorporation of tt-farnesol into the adhesive system significantly reduced bacterial viability and production of EIP; however, the bonding properties of the experimental dental adhesives were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leyva Del Rio
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neimar Sartori
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nichole Barton Tomblin
- Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jin-Ho Phark
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Sillas Duarte
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Prevents Dental Caries by Regulating Dental Plaque Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00527-20. [PMID: 32414800 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00527-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex microecology and microenvironment of dental plaque, novel caries prevention strategies require modulating the microbial communities ecologically and reducing the cariogenic properties effectively. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 reduced the lactic acid production and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm and a three-species biofilm in vitro in previous studies. However, the anticaries effects and microecological effects of GH12 remained to be investigated in a complex biofilm model in vitro and an animal caries model in vivo In the present study, GH12 at 64 mg/liter showed the most effective inhibition of lactic acid production, EPS synthesis, pH decline, and biofilm integrity of human dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilms in vitro, and GH12 at 64 mg/liter was therefore chosen for use in subsequent in vitro and in vivo assays. When treated with 64-mg/liter GH12, the dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilms sampled from healthy volunteers maintained its microbial diversity and showed a microbial community structure similar to that of the control group. In the rat caries model with a caries-promoting diet, 64-mg/liter GH12 regulated the microbiota of dental plaque, in which the abundance of caries-associated bacteria was decreased and the abundance of commensal bacteria was increased. In addition, 64-mg/liter GH12 significantly reduced the caries scores of sulcal and smooth surface caries in all locations. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited the cariogenic properties of dental plaque without perturbing the dental plaque microbiota of healthy individuals and GH12 regulated the dysbiotic microbial ecology and arrested caries development under cariogenic conditions.IMPORTANCE The anticaries effects and microecological regulation effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 were evaluated systematically in vitro and in vivo GH12 inhibited the cariogenic virulence of dental plaque without overintervening in the microbial ecology of healthy individuals in vitro GH12 regulated the microbial ecology of dental plaque to a certain extent in vivo under cariogenic conditions, increased the proportion of commensal bacteria, and decreased the abundance of caries-associated bacteria. GH12 significantly suppressed the incidence and severity of dental caries in vivo This study thus describes an alternative antimicrobial therapy for dental caries.
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Ortega-Ramirez LA, Gutiérrez-Pacheco MM, Vargas-Arispuro I, González-Aguilar GA, Martínez-Téllez MA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Inhibition of Glucosyltransferase Activity and Glucan Production as an Antibiofilm Mechanism of Lemongrass Essential Oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030102. [PMID: 32121319 PMCID: PMC7148504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to disinfection is associated with its ability to form biofilms, mainly constituted by glucans produced by glucosyltransferases. Citral and geraniol, terpenes found in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (EO), have proven antibacterial activity against planktonic E. coli; however, no information was found about their efficacy and mode of action against E. coli biofilms. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of C. citratus EO, citral, and geraniol on glucans production and glucosyltransferase activity as anti-biofilm mechanism against E. coli was evaluated. EO, citral, and geraniol inhibited the planktonic growth of E. coli (minimal inhibitory concentration or MIC= 2.2, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/mL, respectively) and the bacterial adhesion (2.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively) on stainless steel. All compounds decreased the glucans production; citral and geraniol acted as uncompetitive inhibitors of glucosyltransferase activity (The half maximal inhibitory concentrations or IC50 were 8.5 and 6.5 µM, respectively). The evidence collected by docking analysis indicated that both terpenes could interact with the helix finger of the glucosyltransferase responsible for the polymer production. In conclusion, C. citratus EO, citral, and geraniol inhibited glucosyltransferase activity, glucans production, and the consequent biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7.
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Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activity of Laurus nobilis L Grown in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Gómez-Mora JA, Meraz-Rodríguez MA, Flores-Sánchez MA, Ortiz-Miranda LF. Effect of flavonoids on antimicrobial activity of microorganisms present in dental plaque. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03013. [PMID: 31886429 PMCID: PMC6921118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental caries is a multi-factorial oral disease, requiring a susceptible host, cariogenic microorganisms and suitable substrate. Caries is extended worldwide in spite of the availability of countless prophylactic means, including fluoride toothpaste and dental sealers. Many efforts have been made to achieve isolation of pure natural products for medicinal use. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds possessing multidimensional effects such as antibacterial action. METHODS The present study targeted the characterization of antibacterial and antifungal activity of various flavonoids (apigenin, catechin, luteolin, morin, myricetin, naringin, quercetin and rutin). Nine strains present in dental plaque were used: Agreggatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus sanguinis as well as Candida albicans fungal strain. RESULTS Results revealed that luteolin, morin, naringin, quercetin and rutin effectively inhibited bacterial and fungal growth. However, morin was the most effective flavonoid. CONCLUSION It might then be concluded that flavonoids show bacteriostatic effect on all of tested bacteria and fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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Kiniwa R, Miyake M, Kimura SI, Itai S, Kondo H, Iwao Y. Development of muco-adhesive orally disintegrating tablets containing tamarind gum-coated tea powders for oral care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100012. [PMID: 31517277 PMCID: PMC6733284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate muco-adhesive orally disintegrating tablets manufactured by microwave irradiation and containing polysaccharide. We prepared orally disintegrating tea tablets (ODTTs) containing a 1 w/w% mass fraction of one of five polysaccharides (gum arabic, carrageenan, guar gum, tamarind gum, or pectin) and evaluated the swelling degree, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time, and adhesive properties. All tablets had a swelling degree of about 1 mm, a hardness of over 13 N, and a friability degree of <1%. Tablets containing gum arabic and tamarind gum had disintegration times of 30 s or less and satisfied requirements as orally disintegrating tablets. This could be attributed to their high void contents, which allowed for water penetration. The adhesive properties and particle retention ratios were highest in ODTTs containing tamarind gum, which was thought to be caused by the rapid disintegration and high viscosity of the tamarind gum itself. When we investigated changing the mass fraction of tamarind gum, we found 1 w/w% was most suitable for rapid disintegration and high adhesiveness. The ODTTs containing 1 w/w% tamarind gum showed significant growth inhibition towards Streptococcus mutans. Therefore, microwave irradiation technology and addition of tamarind gum could be used to manufacture muco-adhesive orally disintegrating tablets for oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kiniwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyake
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Long X, Zheng R, Liu M, Wu C, Bao J. Identification potential inhibitors against the Streptococcus quorum-sensing signal pathway. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2965-2975. [PMID: 31378148 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1651674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcal infections are common in human and antibiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. However, infections caused by drug-resistant strains are particularly difficult to treat using common antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics. Quorum sensing is a regulatory mechanism involving cell communication that is thought to play an important role in various bacterial infections, including those caused by Streptococcus. The ATP-binding cassette transporter ComA of Streptococcus is essential for quorum-sensing signal production. The inhibition of the ComA peptidase domain (ComA PEP) suppresses the quorum-sensing pathway and resulting changes in phenotype and/or behavior. Using virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations, two promising candidate compounds, ZINC32918029 and ZINC6751571, were found. These compounds had similar binding modes and interactions to the experimentally determined reference inhibitor 6CH. However, a significantly stronger negative binding energy was achieved (-113.501 ± 15.312 KJ/mol and -103.153 ± 11.912 KJ/mol for ZINC32918029 and ZINC6751571, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulations also revealed that ZINC32918029 and ZINC6751571 had a strong affinity for ComA PEP. These results indicate that ZINC32918029 and ZINC6751571 are promising candidate inhibitors of the Streptococcus quorum-sensing pathway.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ruxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jinku Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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Terpene Derivatives as a Potential Agent against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Pathogens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142631. [PMID: 31330955 PMCID: PMC6680751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens has prompted extensive research to find alternative therapeutics. Plants rich with natural secondary metabolites are one of the go-to reservoirs for discovery of potential resources to alleviate this problem. Terpenes and their derivatives comprising of hydrocarbons, are usually found in essential oils (EOs). They have been reported to have potent antimicrobial activity, exhibiting bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against tested pathogens. This brief review discusses the activity of terpenes and derivatives against pathogenic bacteria, describing the potential of the activity against AMR followed by the possible mechanism exerted by each terpene class. Finally, ongoing research and possible improvisation to the usage of terpenes and terpenoids in therapeutic practice against AMR are discussed.
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Abstract
Pathogenic oral biofilms are universal, chronic, and costly. Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation and persistence, novel and effective treatment options remain scarce. Nanoparticle-mediated eradication of the biofilm matrix and resident bacteria holds great potential. In particular, nanoparticles that target specific microbial and biofilm features utilizing nontoxic materials are well-suited for clinical translation. However, much work remains to characterize the local and systemic effects of therapeutic agents that are topically applied to chronic biofilms, such as those that cause dental caries. In this Perspective, we summarize the pathogenesis of oral biofilms, describe current and future nanoparticle-mediated treatment approaches, and highlight outstanding questions that are paramount to answer for effectively targeting and treating oral biofilms.
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27
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Sims KR, Liu Y, Hwang G, Jung HI, Koo H, Benoit DSW. Enhanced design and formulation of nanoparticles for anti-biofilm drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 11:219-236. [PMID: 30525159 PMCID: PMC6317749 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-bound, structured microbial communities underpinning persistent bacterial infections. Biofilms often create acidic pH microenvironments, providing opportunities to leverage responsive drug delivery systems to improve antibacterial efficacy. Here, the antibacterial efficacy of novel formulations containing pH-responsive polymer nanoparticle carriers (NPCs) and farnesol, a hydrophobic antibacterial drug, were investigated. Multiple farnesol-loaded NPCs, which varied in overall molecular weight and corona-to-core molecular weight ratios (CCRs), were tested using standard and saturated drug loading conditions. NPCs loaded at saturated conditions exhibited ∼300% greater drug loading capacity over standard conditions. Furthermore, saturated loading conditions sustained zero-ordered drug release over 48 hours, which was 3-fold longer than using standard farnesol loading. Anti-biofilm activity of saturated NPC loading was markedly amplified using Streptococcus mutans as a biofilm-forming model organism. Specifically, reductions of ∼2-4 log colony forming unit (CFU) were obtained using microplate and saliva-coated hydroxyapatite biofilm assays. Mechanistically, the new formulation reduced total biomass by disrupting insoluble glucan formation and increased NPC-cell membrane localization. Finally, thonzonium bromide, a highly potent, FDA-approved antibacterial drug with similar alkyl chain structure to farnesol, was also loaded into NPCs and used to treat S. mutans biofilms. Similar to farnesol-loaded NPCs, thonzonium bromide-loaded NPCs increased drug loading capacity ≥2.5-fold, demonstrated nearly zero-order release kinetics over 96 hours, and reduced biofilm cell viability by ∼6 log CFU. This work provides foundational insights that may lead to clinical translation of novel topical biofilm-targeting therapies, such as those for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Sims
- Translational Biomedical Science, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Lab, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Lab, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hoi In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Lab, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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28
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Wang Y, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Li H, Yu S, Jiang W, Li Y, Zhang L. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 targets Streptococcus mutans to arrest caries development in rats. J Oral Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1549921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies Biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01423-18. [PMID: 30341079 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01423-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease that occurs when acidogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage over commensal species. In previous studies, the effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 on planktonic bacteria and monospecies biofilms were confirmed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on a cariogenic multispecies biofilm and to preliminarily explain the mechanism. In this biofilm model, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 70061 was the representative of cariogenic bacteria, while Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 35105 and Streptococcus sanguinis JCM 5708 were selected as healthy microbiota. The results showed that GH12 was more effective in suppressing S. mutans than the other two species, with lower MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values among diverse type strains and clinical isolated strains. Therefore, GH12, at no more than 8 mg/liter, was used to selectively suppress S. mutans in the multispecies biofilm. GH12 at 4 mg/liter and 8 mg/liter reduced the cariogenic properties of the multispecies biofilm in biofilm formation, glucan synthesis, and lactic acid production. In addition, GH12 suppressed S. mutans within the multispecies biofilm and changed the bacterial composition. Furthermore, 8 mg/liter GH12 showed a selective bactericidal impact on S. mutans, and GH12 promoted hydrogen peroxide production in S. sanguinis and S. gordonii, which improved their ecological advantages. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited the cariogenic properties and changed the composition of the multispecies biofilm through a two-part mechanism by which GH12 directly suppressed the growth of S. mutans as well as enhanced the ecological competitiveness of S. sanguinis and S. gordonii IMPORTANCE Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with substantial economic and quality-of-life impacts. Streptococcus mutans has been considered the principal pathogen of dental caries. To combat dental caries, an antimicrobial peptide, GH12, was designed, and its antibacterial effects on planktonic S. mutans and the monospecies biofilm were confirmed. As etiological concepts of dental caries evolved to include microecosystems, the homeostasis between pathogenic and commensal bacteria and a selective action on cariogenic virulence have increasingly become the focus. The novelty of this research was to study the effects of the antimicrobial peptides on a controlled cariogenic multispecies biofilm model. Notably, the role of an antimicrobial agent in regulating interspecific competition and composition shifts within this multispecies biofilm was investigated. With promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, the use of GH12 might be of importance in preventing and controlling caries and other dental infections.
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30
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Ramalingam K, Amaechi BT. Antimicrobial effect of herbal extract of Acacia arabica with triphala on the biofilm forming cariogenic microorganisms. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:322-328. [PMID: 30389224 PMCID: PMC7527819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-related infectious disease with a multifactorial etiology, over five billion inhabitants have affected worldwide due to this disease. Objective Antimicrobial efficacy of a mixed herbal powder extract (MHPE) against cariogenic microorganisms was investigated. Materials and methods MIC, MBC, kinetics of killing, biofilm disruption and anticaries effect of MHPE were determined. For biofilm disruption, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans were treated with MHPE for 30 min and attached cells were quantified after staining. For live/dead staining biofilm assay, S. mutans biofilm treated with MHPE for 1min, 5min and 1 h was examined with confocal laser scanning system after live/dead staining. Efficacy was experimented by structural quality using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Anticaries effect was determined by formation of caries-like lesion in continuous flow biofilm model. Results MHPE exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 12.5 to 24.0 mm. The highest inhibition zone was recorded at concentration of 50 μg/ml. MIC for S. mutans was between 12.23 and 36.7 μg/ml, while the MBC values ranged from 36.7 to 110.65 μg/ml. Inhibitory concentration of MHPE was three fold higher than CHLX. Significant reduction of cell count (49–95%) was observed with increasing time and higher concentration. Percentage biofilm reduction compare with negative control was 96.9% (A. viscosus), 94% (C. albicans), 99.8% (L. casei) and 91.7% (S. mutans). For MHPE-treated biofilm, live/dead staining demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) higher in deceased red fluorescence areas in all kinetics points from 53.6% (1min) to 85% (1h). SEM confirmed the damage in the outer layers of S. mutans. MHPE has components with effective antibacterial activity against caries-inducing microorganisms. Conclusion The anti-adherence and anti-biofilm effect as well as the faster killing activity suggests that MHPE formula has effective antibacterial activity and could be a useful source of anti-cariogenic agents in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India.
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7914, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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Nijampatnam B, Zhang H, Cai X, Michalek SM, Wu H, Velu SE. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms by the Natural Stilbene Piceatannol Through the Inhibition of Glucosyltransferases. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8378-8385. [PMID: 30087944 PMCID: PMC6072251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Removal of oral biofilms involves the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, which eradicate both pathogenic and protective oral commensal species. Ideal therapeutics for dental caries should be able to selectively inhibit pathogenic biofilms caused by Streptococcus mutans. S. mutans extracellular glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), particularly GtfB and GtfC, synthesize predominantly water-insoluble glucans, which contribute to the structural scaffold of biofilms. The lead stilbene identified through our docking study against the catalytic domain of GtfC is a natural product known as piceatannol, which inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, with considerable selectivity over growth inhibition of S. mutans and commensal streptococci. Binding kinetic analysis of piceatannol was performed using Octet RED against both GtfB and GtfC, which produced low micromolar KD values. Piceatannol inhibited S. mutans colonization in an in vivo drosophila model and a rat model of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavitavya Nijampatnam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street S, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department
of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Xia Cai
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, 1720 2nd
Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United
States
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, 1720 2nd
Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United
States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department
of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street S, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Subramaniyan V, Mathiyalagan S, Praveenkumar A, Srinivasan P, Palani M, Ravichandran V, Nallasamy P. Molecular docking and ADME properties of bioactive molecules against human acid-beta-glucosidase enzyme, cause of Gaucher's disease. In Silico Pharmacol 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 30607316 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-018-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is one of the common lysosomal storage diseases widespread all over the world. It is divided into three types such as type 1 (non-neuropathic), type 2 (acute infantile neuropathic) and type 3 (chronic neuropathic). This is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidases from the midpoint nervous system. Recent years, computational tools are very important and play a vital role in identifying new leads for disease treatment. This study was performed to screen the effective bioactive molecules against glucocerebrosidases. In this study, Molecular docking and ADME profiles of bioactive molecules were found with the help of Schrödinger software. Results showed that, (-)-epicatechin are having best docking score and good binding affinity than other ligands. Hence, we concluded that the (-)-epicatechin may be a better drug candidate for gaucher disease which can be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Subramaniyan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Sathiya Mathiyalagan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India.,2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arulmozhi Praveenkumar
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India.,2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabhu Srinivasan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Manogar Palani
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- 2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Parameswari Nallasamy
- Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
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Rocha GR, Florez Salamanca EJ, de Barros AL, Lobo CIV, Klein MI. Effect of tt-farnesol and myricetin on in vitro biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 29444673 PMCID: PMC5813409 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is considered a multifactorial disease, in which microorganisms play an important role. The diet is decisive in the biofilm formation because it provides the necessary resources for cellular growth and exopolysaccharides synthesis. Exopolysaccharides are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides a 3D structure, support for the microorganisms and form diffusion-limited environments (acidic niches) that cause demineralization of the dental enamel. Streptococcus mutans is the main producer of exopolysaccharides. Candida albicans is detected together with S. mutans in biofilms associated with severe caries lesions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of tt-farnesol and myricetin topical treatments on cariogenic biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. METHODS In vitro dual-species biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs, using tryptone-yeast extract broth with 1% sucrose (37 °C, 5% CO2). Twice-daily topical treatments were performed with: vehicle (ethanol 15%, negative control), 2 mM myricetin, 4 mM tt-farnesol, myricetin + tt-farnesol, myricetin + tt-farnesol + fluoride (250 ppm), fluoride, and chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%; positive control). After 67 h, biofilms were evaluated to determine biofilm biomass, microbial population, and water-soluble and -insoluble exopolysaccharides in the ECM. RESULTS Only the positive control yielded a reduced quantity of biomass and microbial population, while tt-farnesol treatment was the least efficient in reducing C. albicans population. The combination therapy myricetin + farnesol + fluoride significantly reduced water-soluble exopolysaccharides in the ECM (vs. negative control; p < 0.05; ANOVA one-way, followed by Tukey's test), similarly to the positive control. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the combination therapy negatively influenced an important virulence trait of cariogenic biofilms. However, the concentrations of both myricetin and tt-farnesol should be increased to produce a more pronounced effect to control these biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Roncari Rocha
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Elkin Jahir Florez Salamanca
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia de Barros
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Carmélia Isabel Vitorino Lobo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903 Brazil
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34
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Packyanathan JS, Rani Juneius CE, Vinoth M. Recent Antibiotics Used in Dental Disease Management. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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35
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Pulbutr P, Rattanakiat S, Phetsaardeiam N, Modtaku P, Denchai R, Jaruchotikamol A, Khunawattanakul W. Anticariogenic Activities of <I>Derris reticulata </I>Ethanolic Stem Extract Against <I>Streptococcus mutans</I>. Pak J Biol Sci 2018; 21:300-306. [PMID: 30311481 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.300.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Streptococcus mutans is a dominant causative pathogen of dental caries, which is a major oral health problem affecting million people worldwide. Derris reticulata is a medicinal plant possessing antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. None the less, its effects on growth and cariogenic properties of S. mutans has not been clearly established. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti cariogenic activities of the D. reticulata ethanolic stem extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TLC analysis was performed to authenticate the D. reticulata sample. Minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using broth dilution and drop plate methods, respectively. Sucrose dependent and sucrose independent-adherences, biofilm formation and glycolytic pH drop assays were performed to evaluate the anticariogenic activity. RESULTS The ethanolic stem extract of D. reticulata possessed the antibacterial activity against S. mutans with the MIC and MBC of 0.875±0.250 and 1.750±0.500 mg mL-1, respectively. The extract at the lower concentrations of sub-MIC also had significant inhibitory actions against the cariogenic properties of S. mutans, including surface adherence, biofilm formation and glycolytic acid production. CONCLUSION The D. reticulata stem extract had a substantial anticariogenic activities and thus potentially be developed as an oral health care product for dental caries prevention in the near future.
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Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Cordisco E, Svetaz LA. Hybrid combinations containing natural products and antimicrobial drugs that interfere with bacterial and fungal biofilms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:14-26. [PMID: 29174600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms contribute to the pathogenesis of many chronic and difficult-to eradicate infections whose treatment is complicated due to the intrinsic resistance to conventional antibiotics. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for strategies that can be used for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections. The combination therapy comprising an antimicrobial drug with a low molecular weight (MW) natural product and an antimicrobial drug (antifungal or antibacterial) appeared as a good alternative to eradicate biofilms. PURPOSE The aims of this review were to perform a literature search on the different natural products that have showed the ability of potentiating the antibiofilm capacity of antimicrobial drugs, to analyze which are the antimicrobial drugs most used in combination, and to have a look on the microbial species most used to prepare biofilms. RESULTS Seventeen papers, nine on combinations against antifungal biofilms and eight against antibacterial biofilms were collected. Within the text, the following topics have been developed: breaf history of the discovery of biofilms; stages in the development of a biofilm; the most used methodologies to assess antibiofilm-activity; the natural products with capacity of eradicating biofilms when acting alone; the combinations of low MW natural products with antibiotics or antifungal drugs as a strategy for eradicating microbial biofilms and a list of the low MW natural products that potentiate the inhibition capacity of antifungal and antibacterial drugs against biofilms. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Regarding combinations against antifungal biofilms, eight over the nine collected works were carried out with in vitro studies while only one was performed with in vivo assays by using Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. All studies use biofilms of the Candida genus. A 67% of the potentiators were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and six over the nine works used FCZ as the antifungal drug. The activity of AmpB and Caspo was enhanced in one and two works respectively. Regarding combinations against bacterial biofilms, in vitro studies were performed in all works by using several different methods of higher variety than the used against fungal biofilms. Biofilms of both the gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria were prepared, although biofilm of Staphylococcus spp. were the most used in the collected works. Among the discovered potentiators of antibacterial drugs, 75% were terpenes, including mono, di- and triterpenes, and, among the atibacterial drugs, several structurally diverse types were used in the combinations: aminoglycosides, β-lactams, glucopeptides and fluoroquinolones. The potentiating capacity of natural products, mainly terpenes, on the antibiofilm effect of antimicrobial drugs opens a wide range of possibilities for the combination antimicrobial therapy. More in vivo studies on combinations of natural products with antimicrobial drugs acting against biofilms are highly required to cope the difficult to treat biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Estefanía Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Cordisco
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura A Svetaz
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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André CB, Rosalen PL, Galvão LCDC, Fronza BM, Ambrosano GMB, Ferracane JL, Giannini M. Modulation of Streptococcus mutans virulence by dental adhesives containing anti-caries agents. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1084-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Nicorescu V, Stefan G. Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Shelf-Life Extension of Meat and Meat Products: Classification, Structures, Sources, and Action Mechanisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1243-1268. [PMID: 33371586 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative processes and meat spoilage bacteria are major contributors to decreasing the shelf-life of meat and meat products. Oxidative processes occur during processing, storage, and light exposure, lowering the nutritional and sensory value and acceptability of meat and generating toxic compounds for humans. Polyphenols inhibit oxidative processes in 3 ways: as reactive species scavengers, lipoxygenase inhibitors, and reducing agents for metmyoglobin. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antioxidants for meat and meat products. The cross-contamination of meat with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms can occur in production lines and result in economic losses. The ability of polyphenols to interact with bacterial cell wall components and the bacterial cell membrane can prevent and control biofilm formation, as well as inhibit microbial enzymes, interfere in protein regulation, and deprive bacterial cell enzymes of substrates and metal ions. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antimicrobial agents for use with meat and meat products. Commercially available polyphenols can decrease primary and secondary lipid peroxidation levels, inhibit lipoxygenase activity, improve meat color stability, minimize the degradation of salt-soluble myofibrillar protein and sulfhydryl groups, and retard bacterial growth. Further studies are now needed to clarify the synergistic/antagonistic action of various polyphenols, and to identify the best polyphenol classes, concentrations, and conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Nicorescu
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Stefan
- UASVM of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 5th district, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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Ellepola K, Liu Y, Cao T, Koo H, Seneviratne CJ. Bacterial GtfB Augments Candida albicans Accumulation in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1129-1135. [PMID: 28605597 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517714414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a biofilm-forming oral pathogen commonly associated with dental caries. Clinical studies have shown that S. mutans is often detected with Candida albicans in early childhood caries. Although the C. albicans presence has been shown to enhance bacterial accumulation in biofilms, the influence of S. mutans on fungal biology in this mixed-species relationship remains largely uncharacterized. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how the presence of S. mutans influences C. albicans biofilm development and coexistence. Using a newly established haploid biofilm model of C. albicans, we found that S. mutans augmented haploid C. albicans accumulation in mixed-species biofilms. Similarly, diploid C. albicans also showed enhanced biofilm formation in the presence of S. mutans. Surprisingly, the presence of S. mutans restored the biofilm-forming ability of C. albicans bcr1Δ mutant and bcr1Δ/Δ mutant, which is known to be severely defective in biofilm formation when grown as single species. Moreover, C. albicans hyphal growth factor HWP1 as well as ALS1 and ALS3, which are also involved in fungal biofilm formation, were upregulated in the presence of S. mutans. Subsequently, we found that S. mutans-derived glucosyltransferase B (GtfB) itself can promote C. albicans biofilm development. Interestingly, GtfB was able to increase the expression of HWP1, ALS1, and ALS3 genes in the C. albicans diploid wild-type SC5314 and bcr1Δ/Δ, leading to enhanced fungal biofilms. Hence, the present study demonstrates that a bacterial exoenzyme (GtfB) augments the C. albicans counterpart in mixed-species biofilms through a BCR1-independent mechanism. This novel finding may explain the mutualistic role of S. mutans and C. albicans in cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ellepola
- 1 Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - T Cao
- 1 Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Koo
- 2 Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - C J Seneviratne
- 1 Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis and Bud Poplar Resins versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5163575. [PMID: 28127379 PMCID: PMC5239991 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5163575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common biofilm-forming bacterial pathogen implicated in lung, skin, and systemic infections. Biofilms are majorly associated with chronic lung infection, which is the most severe complication in cystic fibrosis patients characterized by drug-resistant biofilms in the bronchial mucus with zones, where reactive oxygen species concentration is increased mainly due to neutrophil activity. Aim of this work is to verify the anti-Pseudomonas property of propolis or bud poplar resins extracts. The antimicrobial activity of propolis and bud poplar resins extracts was determined by MIC and biofilm quantification. Moreover, we tested the antioxidant activity by DPPH and neutrophil oxidative burst assays. In the end, both propolis and bud poplar resins extracts were able to inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and to influence both swimming and swarming motility. Moreover, the extracts could inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production by human PBMC and showed both direct and indirect antioxidant activity. This work is the first to demonstrate that propolis and bud poplar resins extracts can influence biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa contrasting the inflammation and the oxidation state typical of chronic infection suggesting that propolis or bud poplar resins can be used along with antibiotic as adjuvant in the therapy against P. aeruginosa infections related to biofilm.
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DE LUCA MP, FREIRES IA, GALA-GARCÍA A, SANTOS VR, VALE MP, ALENCAR SMD, ROSALEN PL. The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e45. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Viszwapriya D, Subramenium GA, Radhika S, Pandian SK. Betulin inhibits cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans by targeting vicRK and gtf genes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:153-165. [PMID: 27757704 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a multivirulent pathogen is considered the primary etiological agent in dental caries. Development of antibiotic resistance in the pathogen has created a need for novel antagonistic agents which can control the virulence of the organism and reduce resistance development. The present study demonstrates the in vitro anti-virulence potential of betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3β,28-diol), an abundantly available plant triterpenoid against S. mutans UA159. Betulin exhibited significant dose dependent antibiofilm activity without affecting bacterial viability. At 240 µg/ml (biofilm inhibitory concentration), betulin inhibited biofilm formation and adherence to smooth glass surfaces by 93 and 71 % respectively. It reduced water insoluble glucan synthesis by 89 %, in conjunction with down regulation of gtfBC genes. Microscopic analysis confirmed the disruption in biofilm architecture and decreased exopolysaccharide production. Acidogenicity and aciduricity, key virulence factors responsible for carious lesions, were also notably affected. The induced auto-aggregation of cells upon treatment could be due to the down regulation of vicK. Results of gene expression analysis demonstrated significant down-regulation of virulence genes upon betulin treatment. Furthermore, the nontoxic effect of betulin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells even after 72 h treatment makes it a strong candidate for assessing its suitability to be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaprakash Viszwapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, II Floor, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India
| | | | - Solai Radhika
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, II Floor, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, II Floor, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India.
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Effect of Inula viscosa on the pellicle's protective properties and initial bioadhesion in-situ. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:87-96. [PMID: 27458690 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present in situ study investigated the effect of Inula viscosa tea on the pellicle's acid protective properties and on initial oral biofilm formation. DESIGN Biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs on individual maxillary splints. Following 1min of pellicle formation, eight subjects rinsed for 10min with Inula viscosa tea and the splints remained for 8h intraorally. Samples carried after 1-min rinsing with CHX (0.2%) or without rinse served as controls. BacLight™ staining, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used for fluorescence microscopic detection of adherent bacteria. For investigation of acid protective properties, three subjects rinsed for 10min with Inula viscosa tea after 1min pellicle formation and kept the splints intraorally for further 19min. Physiological 30-min pellicles and native enamel samples served as controls. After HCl incubation of the samples ex-vivo over 120s (pH 2.0, 2.3, 3.0) calcium- and phosphate release were quantified photometrically. Potential influences on the pellicle's ultrastructure by Inula viscosa tea were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Application of Inula viscosa tea yielded a significant reduction of adherent bacteria on all enamel samples as detected by fluorescence microscopy. For calcium- and phosphate release no significant effect was recorded. TEM investigation indicated a modification of the pellicle's ultrastructure, but no enhanced protection against erosive noxae. CONCLUSION Rinsing with Inula viscosa tea influences the bacterial colonization on enamel in situ over 8h but has no impact on acid protective properties of the pellicle.
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Ren Z, Chen L, Li J, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans polysaccharide synthesis by molecules targeting glycosyltransferase activity. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:31095. [PMID: 27105419 PMCID: PMC4841093 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.31095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase (Gtf) is one of the crucial virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological pathogen of dental caries. All the available evidence indicates that extracellular polysaccharide, particularly glucans produced by S. mutans Gtfs, contribute to the cariogenicity of dental biofilms. Therefore, inhibition of Gtf activity and the consequential polysaccharide synthesis may impair the virulence of cariogenic biofilms, which could be an alternative strategy to prevent the biofilm-related disease. Up to now, many Gtf inhibitors have been recognized in natural products, which remain the major and largely unexplored source of Gtf inhibitors. These include catechin-based polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin oligomers, polymeric polyphenols, and some other plant-derived compounds. Metal ions, oxidizing agents, and some other synthetic compounds represent another source of Gtf inhibitors, with some novel molecules either discovered by structure-based virtual screening or synthesized based on key structures of known inhibitors as templates. Antibodies that inhibit one or more Gtfs have also been developed as topical agents. Although many agents have been shown to possess potent inhibitory activity against glucan synthesis by Gtfs, bacterial cell adherence, and caries development in animal models, much research remains to be performed to find out their mechanism of action, biological safety, cariostatic efficacies, and overall influence on the entire oral community. As a strategy to inhibit the virulence of cariogenic microbes rather than eradicate them from the microbial community, Gtf inhibition represents an approach of great potential to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; @scu.edu.cn; @scu.edu.cn
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Freires IA, Queiroz VCPP, Furletti VF, Ikegaki M, de Alencar SM, Duarte MCT, Rosalen PL. Chemical composition and antifungal potential of Brazilian propolis against Candida spp. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:122-132. [PMID: 26916845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is known to have biological properties against numerous microorganisms of clinical interest. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antifungal activity of Brazilian propolis (types 3 and 13) against Candida spp. and their effects on the morphology of preformed and mature Candida biofilms. Samples of propolis (3 and 13) collected by Apis mellifera honeybees were obtained from different regions in Brazil. Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared, fractionated and submitted to chemical analysis by GC/MS. The extracts and their hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were tested for their ability to inhibit Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. kruzei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) by determination of the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC). Additionally, their effects on morphology of preformed and mature biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The phenolic compounds p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), kaempferol and quercetin were identified in the EEP-3 and its bioactive dichloromethane fraction; and isoflavonoids such as medicarpin, vestitol and formononetin were found in the EEP-13, and triterpenes in its bioactive hexane fraction. The EEP-3 and EEP-13 and their bioactive fractions showed MIC values ranging from 0.2 to 125μg/mL and MFC values between 125 and 500μg/mL. The EEP and fractions were predominantly fungistatic agents. All extracts and fractions disrupted biofilm structures at 500μg/mL and amorphous areas with cell damage were clearly observed in preformed and mature biofilms. Propolis types 3 and 13 have strong anti-Candida activity and should be considered as promising candidates to treat oral and systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Freires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V C P P Queiroz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V F Furletti
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Box 6171, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M Ikegaki
- Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S M de Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M C T Duarte
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Box 6171, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Molecule Targeting Glucosyltransferase Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:126-35. [PMID: 26482298 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00919-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque biofilms are responsible for numerous chronic oral infections and cause a severe health burden. Many of these infections cannot be eliminated, as the bacteria in the biofilms are resistant to the host's immune defenses and antibiotics. There is a critical need to develop new strategies to control biofilm-based infections. Biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans is promoted by major virulence factors known as glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), which synthesize adhesive extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). The current study was designed to identify novel molecules that target Gtfs, thereby inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation and having the potential to prevent dental caries. Structure-based virtual screening of approximately 150,000 commercially available compounds against the crystal structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of the GtfC protein from S. mutans resulted in the identification of a quinoxaline derivative, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}-1,4-dihydro-2-quinoxalinylidene)ethanamine, as a potential Gtf inhibitor. In vitro assays showed that the compound was capable of inhibiting EPS synthesis and biofilm formation in S. mutans by selectively antagonizing Gtfs instead of by killing the bacteria directly. Moreover, the in vivo anti-caries efficacy of the compound was evaluated in a rat model. We found that the compound significantly reduced the incidence and severity of smooth and sulcal-surface caries in vivo with a concomitant reduction in the percentage of S. mutans in the animals' dental plaque (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results represent the first description of a compound that targets Gtfs and that has the capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and the cariogenicity of S. mutans.
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A combination of cis-2-decenoic acid and chlorhexidine removes dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1655-61. [PMID: 26351749 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of cis-2-decenoic acid (C2DA) to induce dispersion in single-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, as well as to remove their bacterial-fungal dual-species biofilms when combined with low concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX). METHODS For biofilm dispersal bioassays, single-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans were grown on the inside surface of petri dishes, using a semi-batch culture method in which the medium was replaced every 24h for 5 days. Biofilms were then treated with very low concentrations of C2DA (100 and 310 nM) for 1h to release cells into the bulk liquid and to evaluate dispersed cell number by measuring the optical density (OD). To assess the ability of C2DA combined CHX treatments to remove tested microorganisms' dual-species biofilms, they were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) discs for 48 h and then were treated with three different concentrations of CHX (0.08%, 0.06% and 0.04%) alone or in combination with indicated concentrations of C2DA for 1 min twice daily for 3 subsequent days. Biofilms were then either subjected to the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis or harvested and colony forming units (CFUs) were counted after plating on agar. RESULTS Treatment of pre-established biofilms with 310 nM C2DA caused an approximately two-fold increase in the number of planktonic cells in both cultures. A combination of 310 nM C2DA and 0.04% CHX resulted in significant removal (p-value <0.05) of dual-species biofilms from sHA discs surface. CONCLUSIONS Anti-biofilm characteristic of C2DA boosts the action of CHX even at low concentrations.
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Pluronics-Formulated Farnesol Promotes Efficient Killing and Demonstrates Novel Interactions with Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222384 PMCID: PMC4519314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of dental caries, one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States. Previously published studies have shown that Pluronic-based tooth-binding micelles carrying hydrophobic antimicrobials are extremely effective at inhibiting S. mutans biofilm growth on hydroxyapatite (HA). Interestingly, these studies also demonstrated that non-binding micelles (NBM) carrying antimicrobial also had an inhibitory effect, leading to the hypothesis that the Pluronic micelles themselves may interact with the biofilm. To explore this potential interaction, three different S. mutans strains were each grown as biofilm in tissue culture plates, either untreated or supplemented with NBM alone (P85), NBM containing farnesol (P85F), or farnesol alone (F). In each tested S. mutans strain, biomass was significantly decreased (SNK test, p < 0.05) in the P85F and F biofilms relative to untreated biofilms. Furthermore, the P85F biofilms formed large towers containing dead cells that were not observed in the other treatment conditions. Tower formation appeared to be specific to formulated farnesol, as this phenomenon was not observed in S. mutans biofilms grown with NBM containing triclosan. Parallel CFU/ml determinations revealed that biofilm growth in the presence of P85F resulted in a 3-log reduction in viability, whereas F decreased viability by less than 1-log. Wild-type biofilms grown in the absence of sucrose or gtfBC mutant biofilms grown in the presence of sucrose did not form towers. However, increased cell killing with P85F was still observed, suggesting that cell killing is independent of tower formation. Finally, repeated treatment of pre-formed biofilms with P85F was able to elicit a 2-log reduction in viability, whereas parallel treatment with F alone only reduced viability by 0.5-log. Collectively, these results suggest that Pluronics-formulated farnesol induces alterations in biofilm architecture, presumably via interaction with the sucrose-dependent biofilm matrix, and may be a viable treatment option in the prevention and treatment of pathogenic plaque biofilms.
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Hwang G, Marsh G, Gao L, Waugh R, Koo H. Binding Force Dynamics of Streptococcus mutans-glucosyltransferase B to Candida albicans. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1310-7. [PMID: 26138722 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515592859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans cells are often detected with Streptococcus mutans in plaque biofilms from children affected with early childhood caries. The coadhesion between these 2 organisms appears to be largely mediated by the S. mutans-derived exoenzyme glucosyltransferase B (GtfB); GtfB readily binds to C. albicans cells in an active form, producing glucans locally that provide enhanced binding sites for S. mutans. However, knowledge is limited about the mechanisms by which the bacterial exoenzyme binds to and functions on the fungal surface to promote this unique cross-kingdom interaction. In this study, we use atomic force microscopy to understand the strength and binding dynamics modulating GtfB-C. albicans adhesive interactions in situ. Single-molecule force spectroscopy with GtfB-functionalized atomic force microscopy tips demonstrated that the enzyme binds with remarkable strength to the C. albicans cell surface (~2 nN) and showed a low dissociation rate, suggesting a highly stable bond. Strikingly, the binding strength of GtfB to the C. albicans surface was ~2.5-fold higher and the binding stability, ~20 times higher, as compared with the enzyme adhesion to S. mutans. Furthermore, adhesion force maps showed an intriguing pattern of GtfB binding. GtfB adhered heterogeneously on the surface of C. albicans, showing a higher frequency of adhesion failure but large sections of remarkably strong binding forces, suggesting the presence of GtfB binding domains unevenly distributed on the fungal surface. In contrast, GtfB bound uniformly across the S. mutans cell surface with less adhesion failure and a narrower range of binding forces (vs. the C. albicans surface). The data provide the first insights into the mechanisms underlying the adhesive and mechanical properties governing GtfB interactions with C. albicans. The strong and highly stable GtfB binding to C. albicans could explain, at least in part, why this bacterially derived exoenzyme effectively modulates this virulent cross-kingdom interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - G Marsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Gao
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - R Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Baker JL, Abranches J, Faustoferri RC, Hubbard CJ, Lemos JA, Courtney MA, Quivey R. Transcriptional profile of glucose-shocked and acid-adapted strains of Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:496-517. [PMID: 26042838 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aciduricity of Streptococcus mutans is an important virulence factor of the organism, required to both out-compete commensal oral microorganisms and cause dental caries. In this study, we monitored transcriptional changes that occurred as a continuous culture of either an acid-tolerant strain (UA159) or an acid-sensitive strain (fabM::Erm) moved from steady-state growth at neutral pH, experienced glucose-shock and acidification of the culture, and transitioned to steady-state growth at low pH. Hence, the timing of elements of the acid tolerance response (ATR) could be observed and categorized as acute vs. adaptive ATR mechanisms. Modulation of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis, DNA/protein repair mechanisms, reactive oxygen species metabolizers and phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase systems occurred in the initial acute phase, immediately following glucose-shock, while upregulation of F1 F0 -ATPase did not occur until the adaptive phase, after steady-state growth had been re-established. In addition to the archetypal ATR pathways mentioned above, glucose-shock led to differential expression of genes suggesting a re-routing of resources away from the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins, and towards synthesis of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids. These adjustments were largely transient, as upon establishment of steady-state growth at acidic pH, transcripts returned to basal expression levels. During growth at steady-state pH 7, fabM::Erm had a transcriptional profile analogous to that of UA159 during glucose-shock, indicating that even during growth in rich media at neutral pH, the cells were stressed. These results, coupled with a recently established collection of deletion strains, provide a starting point for elucidation of the acid tolerance response in S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Abranches
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R C Faustoferri
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C J Hubbard
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J A Lemos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M A Courtney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R Quivey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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