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Li J, Xue S, Liu Z, Yao D, Ting J. Distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerve fibers after tooth extraction and dental implant placement: an immunohistological study. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:796-805. [PMID: 35576051 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time-dependent peri-implant innervation needs to be elucidated in detail. OBJECTIVES To examine the distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerves around the implant with immunofluorescence during 28-days follow-up after implantation. METHODS 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into non-operated(n=5), extraction(n=5), and implant(n=25) groups. For rats in the extraction and implant groups, three right maxillary molars were extracted. One month later, a titanium implant was placed into the healed alveolar ridge in the implant group. The implant group was further divided into 5 subgroups according to day 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 after implantation, on which day serial histological sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry. On day 28, the serial sections were also prepared in the non-operated and extraction groups. Soluble protein-100 and growth-associated protein-43 were used to immunolabel mature and newly regenerated nerve fibers respectively. RESULTS In the peri-implant soft tissues, the number of both mature and newly regenerated nerves showed an increasing trend in 28 days. In the bone tissues, the number of mature or newly regenerated nerves in both areas at less than 100 μm and 100-200 μm from the implant surface on day 28 grew significantly compared with that on day 1 or 3. In addition, the closest distance from mature nerves to the implant surface decreased evidently. CONCLUSION The number of peri-implant nerves increased in 28 days since implantation. The innervation in the soft tissue took place faster than in the bone tissue. The mature nerves in the bone tissue approached the implant gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shenghao Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Ting
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, P.R. China
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Sert S, Sakallioğlu U, Lütfioğlu M, Aydoğdu A, Acarel E, Günaydın M. Neurogenic inflammation in periimplant and periodontal disease: A case-control split-mouth study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30:800-807. [PMID: 31121061 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the regulatory effects of substance-P (SP), neurokinin-A (NKA), calcitonin gene-linked peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) on periodontal inflammatory responses have been described, the effects of these neuropeptides on healthy and diseased periimplant tissues are not clearly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine implants loaded at least for 12 months with their symmetrically matching teeth were evaluated and compared by a split-mouth study design. Six study groups were created in this regard as follows: group 1 (healthy periodontal tissues), group 2 (healthy periimplant tissues), group 3 (gingivitis), group 4 (periimplant mucositis), group 5 (periodontitis) and group 6 (periimplantitis). Clinical examinations included Silness-Löe plaque index, Löe-Silness gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level measurements. Gingival crevicular fluid and periimplant sulcular fluid samples were collected, and the concentrations of neuropeptides were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their levels and correlations were investigated together with the clinical parameters. RESULTS Neuropeptide levels were different in the teeth and implant groups according to the periodontal status (p < 0.001). SP and NKA levels were increased, whereas CGRP and NPY levels were decreased in the diseased states. There were no differences between the neuropeptide levels of matching teeth and implants (groups 1-2, groups 3-4 and groups 5-6; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the presence of local neuropeptides in healthy and diseased periimplant tissues. The neurogenic inflammatory responses were also found to be similar in both periimplant and periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Sert
- Department of Periodontology, Ankara State Oral Health Care Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umur Sakallioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Müge Lütfioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydoğdu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmi Alem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eser Acarel
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Günaydın
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Etiology and Measurement of Peri-Implant Crestal Bone Loss (CBL). J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020166. [PMID: 30717189 PMCID: PMC6406263 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of peri-implant crestal bone loss is today better understood and certain factors proposed in the past have turned out to not be of concern. Regardless, the incidence of crestal bone loss remains higher than necessary and this paper reviews current theory on the etiology with a special emphasis on traditional and innovative methods to assess the level of crestal bone around dental implants that will enable greater sensitivity and specificity and significantly reduce variability in bone loss measurement.
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Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Chrcanovic BR, Brånemark PI. Osseoperception in Dental Implants: A Systematic Review. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:185-95. [PMID: 26823228 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Replacement of lost teeth has significant functional and psychosocial effects. The capability of osseointegrated dental implants to transmit a certain amount of sensibility is still unclear. The phenomenon of developing a certain amount of tactile sensibility through osseointegrated dental implants is called osseoperception. The aim of this article is to evaluate the available literature to find osseoperception associated with dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline and PubMed database. Articles published in English and articles whose abstract is available in English were included. The articles included in the review were based on osseoperception, tactile sensation, and neurophysiological mechanoreceptors in relation to dental implants. Articles on peri-implantitis and infection-related sensitivity were not included. Review articles without the original data were excluded, although references to potentially pertinent articles were noted for further follow-up. The phenomenon of osseoperception remains a matter of debate, so the search strategy mainly focused on articles on osseoperception and tactile sensibility of dental implants. This review presents the histological, neurophysiological, and psychophysical evidence of osseoperception and also the role of mechanoreceptors in osseoperception. RESULTS The literature on osseoperception in dental implants is very scarce. The initial literature search resulted in 90 articles, of which 81 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. CONCLUSION Patients restored with implant-supported prostheses reported improved tactile and motor function when compared with patients wearing complete dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Implantology, Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Soft tissue sealing around dental implants based on histological interpretation. J Prosthodont Res 2016; 60:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Huang Y, Jacobs R, Van Dessel J, Bornstein MM, Lambrichts I, Politis C. A systematic review on the innervation of peri-implant tissues with special emphasis on the influence of implant placement and loading protocols. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 26:737-46. [PMID: 24502689 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the available literature on the influence of dental implant placement and loading protocols on peri-implant innervation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The database MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, OpenGrey and hand searching were used to identify the studies published up to July 2013, with a populations, exposures and outcomes (PEO) search strategy using MeSH keywords, focusing on the question: Is there, and if so, what is the effect of time between tooth extraction and implant placement or implant loading on neural fibre content in the peri-implant hard and soft tissues? RESULTS Of 683 titles retrieved based on the standardized search strategy, only 10 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, five evaluating the innervation of peri-implant epithelium, five elucidating the sensory function in peri-implant bone. Three included studies were considered having a methodology of medium quality and the rest were at low quality. All those papers reported a sensory innervation around osseointegrated implants, either in the bone-implant interface or peri-implant epithelium, which expressed a particular innervation pattern. Compared to unloaded implants or extraction sites without implantation, a significant higher density of nerve fibres around loaded dental implants was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS To date, the published literature describes peri-implant innervation with a distinct pattern in hard and soft tissues. Implant loading seems to increase the density of nerve fibres in peri-implant tissues, with insufficient evidence to distinguish between the innervation patterns following immediate and delayed implant placement and loading protocols. Variability in study design and loading protocols across the literature and a high risk of bias in the studies included may contribute to this inconsistency, revealing the need for more uniformity in reporting, randomized controlled trials, longer observation periods and standardization of protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OIC, OMFS IMPATH research group, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral Implant Center, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OIC, OMFS IMPATH research group, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OIC, OMFS IMPATH research group, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OIC, OMFS IMPATH research group, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Section of Dental Radiology and Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Laboratory of Morphology, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OIC, OMFS IMPATH research group, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Avivi-Arber L, Lee JC, Sood M, Lakschevitz F, Fung M, Barashi-Gozal M, Glogauer M, Sessle BJ. Long-term neuroplasticity of the face primary motor cortex and adjacent somatosensory cortex induced by tooth loss can be reversed following dental implant replacement in rats. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2372-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Avivi-Arber
- Department of Prosthodontic; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Jye-Chang Lee
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Mandeep Sood
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Flavia Lakschevitz
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Michelle Fung
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Maayan Barashi-Gozal
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Department of Oral Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
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Mori G, Sasaki H, Makabe Y, Yoshinari M, Yajima Y. The genes Scgb1a1, Lpo and Gbp2 characteristically expressed in peri-implant epithelium of rats. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:e190-e198. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Makabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinari
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Oral Implants Research; Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
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Du Z, Lee RSB, Hamlet S, Doan N, Ivanovski S, Xiao Y. Evaluation of the first maxillary molar post-extraction socket as a model for dental implant osseointegration research. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1469-1478. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Du
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ryan S. B. Lee
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Southport Qld Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Southport Qld Australia
| | - Nghiem Doan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Southport Qld Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Brisbane Qld Australia
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Zhang X, Tang T, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Ding Y. Visualization analysis of research frontiers and trends in nerve regeneration and osseoperception in the repair of tooth loss. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:2013-8. [PMID: 25598785 PMCID: PMC4283286 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.145385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed 85 articles indexed by the Web of Science concerning nerve regeneration and osseoperception during tooth loss repair. Using the Web of Science database and Citespace III software, a document co-citation network map was drawn by document co-citation analysis and word frequency analysis methods. Combined with emergent node secondary literature retrieval, subject headings with apparent changing word frequency trends were retrieved so as to identify research frontiers and development trends. Research frontiers and hotspots for neuronal calcium sensor protein were quantitatively explored to forecast future research developments in nerve regeneration and osseoperception during repair of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
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Ma L, Xiang L, Yao Y, Yuan Q, Li L, Gong P. CGRP-alpha application: a potential treatment to improve osseoperception of endosseous dental implants. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:297-9. [PMID: 23707511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants have been used to restore missing teeth for several decades. However, the capacity of implants to feel the mechanical stimuli and transmit neural signals remains lower than that of natural teeth. The poor osseoperception of dental implants is due to the absence of periodontal ligaments and Ruffini-like endings as well as the secondary injury during the implant surgery and then the insufficient regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers around the implants. It is a hot topic to improve the quantity and density of peripheral nerve fibers or mechanoreceptors around endosseous dental implants. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-alpha (αCGRP), a neuropeptide widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, is found to be upregulated in regenerating axons within injury zones and be capable of promoting local Schwann cells proliferation, which is critical for partnering during peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, researches show that αCGRP is a potent vasodilator and a physiologic activator of bone formation. Thus, we hypothesize that local application of αCGRP may promote peripheral nerve fibers regeneration during the bone healing progress after dental implant surgery, thus improve the osseoperception of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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12
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Yuan Q, Liao D, Yang X, Li X, Wei N, Tan Z, Gong P. Effect of implant surface microtopography on proliferation, neurotrophin secretion, and gene expression of Schwann cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:381-8. [PMID: 19569220 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different implant surface properties on the morphology, proliferation, neurotrophin secretion, and gene expression of Schwann cells. Four types of implant surfaces, including ground (smooth surface), sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), and titanium plasma spray (TPS) surfaces were fabricated and photographed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Schwann cells derived from neonatal rats were cultured on the implant surfaces and assessed via SEM observation and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. The secretions and mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time RT-PCR, respectively, on days 3 and 7. Tissue culture plastic was used as a control. The results demonstrated that Schwann cells exhibited typical bipolar spindle morphology on various surfaces, and proliferated faster than the control. Neurotrophin secretion and gene expression of both BDNF and NGF were also increased by implant surfaces. This study suggests that the function of Schwann cells can be enhanced by implant implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Habre-Hallage P, Abboud-Naaman NB, Reychler H, van Steenberghe D, Jacobs R. Perceptual changes in the peri-implant soft tissues assessed by directional cutaneous kinaesthesia and graphaesthesia: a prospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2009; 13:296-304. [PMID: 19673925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innervation of skin and oral mucosa plays a major physiological role in exteroception. This innervation is also clinically relevant as sensory changes occur after neurosurgical procedures. PURPOSE The goal of this study was to compare the perception of mechanical stimuli applied to the buccal mucosa in the vicinity of osseointegrated oral implants with that in the controlateral dentate side. The role of the previously reported increased innervation in the peri-implant soft tissues in the oral sensorimotor function was thus examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen subjects with 20 implants were tested. Directional cutaneous kinaesthesia (DCK) and graphesthesia (G) were performed on the buccal side of the alveolar mucosa before and at planned intervals after implant placement. The observation was pursued until 6 months after the prosthetic rehabilitation. In each subject, the contralateral mucosa served as a control to the implant sites. Average percentages of correct responses in a four-choice task for DCK and a three-choice task for G were calculated. RESULTS Despite an intersubject variation in both the DCK and G, high intraindividual correlations were found (p < .005). The implant sites showed a significant difference toward the control sites at the four interval test for both tests. For DCK and G, the average of correct responses decreased after abutment connection (i.e., after the implant uncovering surgery) to increase afterwards to reach a level close to, but still lower than, the control sites 3 to 6 months after the prosthetic rehabilitation. CONCLUSION The DCK and G are simple but reliable sensory tests that can be easily applied in the oral region. This prospective study indicates that tooth loss reduces tactile function compared with implant-supported prostheses. The peri-implant soft tissues could be partially involved in the osseoperception function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Habre-Hallage
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Campus of Medical Sciences, Damascus Road, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Habre-Hallage P, Bou Abboud-Naman N, Reychler H, van Steenberghe D, Jacobs R. Assessment of changes in the oral tactile function of the soft tissues by implant placement in the anterior maxilla: a prospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:161-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Yamaza T, Kido MA, Wang B, Danjo A, Shimohira D, Murata N, Yoshinari M, Tanaka T. Distribution of substance P and neurokinin-1 receptors in the peri-implant epithelium around titanium dental implants in rats. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 335:407-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Abarca M, Van Steenberghe D, Malevez C, Jacobs R. The neurophysiology of osseointegrated oral implants. A clinically underestimated aspect. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33:161-9. [PMID: 16512881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amputation of a limb or a tooth leads to the loss of a large number of exteroceptors. These play an important role in sensory perception and feedback, which tune the motor control. Even after rehabilitation with a prosthetic device, tactile function remains impaired. This can present a subsequent risk of overloading the prosthesis. The peri-implant interface of oral osseointegrated implants is characterized by the absence of a periodontal ligament, a crucial difference towards the natural dentition, from a biomechanical but also from a neurophysiologic point of view. Patients rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants seem subjectively not much impaired in their masticatory and other oral functions. This observation might be linked to the presence of some peripheral feedback pathway to the sensory cortex. It may be attributed to the activation of receptors in the peri-implant environment (either bone or periosteum). This phenomenon called osseoperception, when it relates to the consciousness of the applied stimuli, has been described for both oral and skeletal implants. In the present review, besides osseoperecption other neurophysiological aspects of oral implants, such their reflex function, will be outlined and their clinical meaning pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abarca
- Laboratory of Oral Physiology, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
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Onur MA, Taş Z, Gürpinar A, Sahin S, Cehreli MC. Morphologic, functional and behavioral effects of titanium dioxide exposure on nerves. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004; 15:513-9. [PMID: 15355392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore morphologic, functional, and behavioral effects of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) on nerves. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 17 albino rats were used for nerve conduction experiments, hot-plate tests, and histological evaluation. TiO(2) was implanted unilaterally on the sciatic nerves of five rats. Ten days after surgery, test and control nerves were dissected and their signal transduction speeds were quantified by suction electrodes in a bath containing a Tyrode solution. Twelve rats were divided into three equal groups resulting in equal number of nerves (n=8) for TiO(2) implantation, surgical exposure of the nerves, and for use as controls. One week after surgery, hot-plate tests were undertaken for 10 consecutive days to determine response latencies of the nerves. At the termination of the experiments, the nerves were harvested, processed, and examined under a microscope. RESULTS The signal transduction speeds of TiO(2)-implanted nerves was similar to control specimens (P>0.05). The avoidance responses of TiO(2)-implanted, surgically exposed, and control nerves were comparable (P>0.05). At the cellular level, TiO(2) did not lead to any signs of adverse reactions on nerves. CONCLUSIONS TiO(2), the main oxide surrounding endosseous titanium implants, does not alter the structure and the function of myelinated nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Onur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Shirakura M, Fujii N, Ohnishi H, Taguchi Y, Ohshima H, Nomura S, Maeda T. Tissue response to titanium implantation in the rat maxilla, with special reference to the effects of surface conditions on bone formation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003; 14:687-96. [PMID: 15015943 DOI: 10.1046/j.0905-7161.2003.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue responses to titanium implantation with two different surface conditions in our established implantation model in rat maxillae were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy and by histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase) activity. Here we used two types of implants with different surface qualities: titanium implants sandblasted with Al2O3 (SA-group) and implants coated with hydroxyapatite (HA-group). In both groups, bone formation had begun by 5 days postimplantation when the inflammatory reaction had almost disappeared in the prepared bone cavity. In the SA-group, however, the bone formation process in the bone cavity was almost identical to that shown in our previous report using smooth surfaced implants (Futami et al. 2000): new bone formation, which occurred from the pre-existing bone toward the implant, was preceded by active bone resorption in the lateral area with a narrow gap, but not so in the base area with a wide gap. In the HA-group, direct bone formation from the implant toward the pre-existing bone was recognizable in both lateral and base areas. Many TRAPase-reactive cells were found near the implant surface. On the pre-existing bone, new bone formation occurred with bone resorption by typical osteoclasts. Osseointegration around the implants was achieved by postoperative day 28 in both SA- and HA-groups except for the lateral area, where the implant had been installed close to the cavity margin. These findings indicate that ossification around the titanium implants progresses in different patterns, probably dependent on surface properties and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shirakura
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, Japan
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