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González-Cantú CC, Torres-Muñoz Á, Urrutia-Baca VH, Sánchez-García GA, De La Garza-Ramos MA. Antibacterial efficacy of a pH-neutral electrolyzed super-oxidized solution for nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12291. [PMID: 36590522 PMCID: PMC9798187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mouthwash is effective in maintaining oral hygiene in patients; however, there is concern that it may adversely affect human oral mucosa. We evaluated a pH-neutral electrolyzed super-oxidized solution (ESS, tradename OxOral®) combined with dental scaling in periodontitis patients. This longitudinal study was conducted with 34 patients divided into three groups. The control group treated with scaling plus saline, the second with scaling plus ESS mouthwash, and another with scaling plus ESS mouthwash and gel. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were determined before and after periodontal treatment. Results The final PI and GI decreased compared with the initial measurements in the three treatment groups (p < 0.05). Scaling plus ESS mouthwash and gel significantly reduced the final PI, GI, and DP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study shows the antiseptic properties of ESS with mouthwash and gel. Further studies are needed to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Carolina González-Cantú
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences (CIDICS), General Odontology and Specialties. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño and Silao St, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Ángel Torres-Muñoz
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences (CIDICS), General Odontology and Specialties. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño and Silao St, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, School of Biological Sciences. the Immunology and Virology Laboratory. Pedro de Alba and Manuel L. Barragán St, Ciudad Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico,Corresponding author.
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Sánchez-García
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences (CIDICS), General Odontology and Specialties. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño and Silao St, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Myriam Angélica De La Garza-Ramos
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences (CIDICS), General Odontology and Specialties. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño and Silao St, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico,Corresponding author.
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Panhwar M, Rajpar SP, Abrar E, Alqutub M, Abduljabbar T. Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1425-1429. [PMID: 34475924 PMCID: PMC8377906 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.5.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the topical application of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Metronidazole (MTZ) gels, individually and in combination in patients with gingivitis for up to 12 weeks follow-up. Methods: The clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Institute of Dentistry from 1st March 2019 to 1st March 2020. Patients were selected based on inclusion criteria. Out of 125 screened patients, ninety-nine patients agreed to participate in the study. At the beginning of study all patients were assessed for gingival inflammation by using gingival index (GI) (Loe and silness, 1963). Scaling root planning (SRP) was performed in all patients. Subjects were randomly selected in three groups (n=33 each). In Group-A CHX gel was applied, Group-B Metronidazole gel was applied and the combination of two was applied to patients of Group-C. Patient follow up was done and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, fourth week and twelve weeks. Apart from the clinical evaluation, a subjective evaluation was also undertaken. Significance level of 0.05 and a desired study power of at least 80% was estimated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for comparison was used within groups. Results: A significant improvement in gingival scores was noted in all groups from baseline. At 4 weeks CHX (1.25±0.21) MTZ (1.81±0.38) CHX+MTZ (1.29±0.34) compared to baseline CHX (2.77±0.24) MTZ (2.84±0.54) CHX+MTZ (2.74±0.31) demonstrated substantial improvement (p<0.001). However, gingival scores showed inclination at 12 weeks CHX (1.18±0.41) MTZ (1.21±0.48) CHX+MTZ (1.11±0.14) with no significant difference to week 4 (p>0.001). Conclusion: Local MTZ gel and MTZ+CHX gel showed effectiveness similar to CHX gel application adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Panhwar
- Maryam Panhwar, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Dow International Dental College, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Shazia Parveen Rajpar
- Shazia Parveen Rajpar, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences Jamshoro
| | - Eisha Abrar
- Eisha Abrar, MDS Trainee Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow International Dental College, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Montaser Alqutub
- Montaser Alqutub, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Tariq Abduljabbar Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health , College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra P, Bhargava A, Nigam-Gupta N. A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of adjunctive use of two antimicrobial topical gels in chronic gingivitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e342-e349. [PMID: 33841732 PMCID: PMC8020310 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent oral disease in humans. The most important etiological factor of gingivitis is dental plaque. Plaque control procedures comprises of several mechanical and chemical methods. Many studies have advocated that chemical plaque control methods can be used successfully as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control procedures. Thus, the aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two topical antimicrobial gels as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control over a period of 2 weeks in treatment of chronic gingivitis patients.
Material and Methods This is a single blind, two arm parallel design pilot clinical study including 60 systemically healthy patients with 1) chronic generalized gingivitis (MGI>1), 2) probing depth ≤ 3mm and 3) zero clinical attachment loss. The study participants were randomly assigned into two groups i.e., Group I- Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) gel, Group II- combination gel of Chlorhexidine gluconate and Metronidazole (CHX-MTZ) gel. Clinical parameters viz. Gingival Index (GI) and Modified Sulcus bleeding index (MSBI) were recorded firstly at baseline after Scaling and Root Planing(SRP), and secondly at the end of the study period of two weeks. Intra and inter-group comparisons of clinical parameters were done using appropriate statistical tests.
Results There was high significant reduction in GI and MSBI scores at the end of 2 weeks period in both the groups. Further, combination gel of Group II (CHX+MTZ) was found to be statistically more effective as compared to Group I (CHX) used alone.
Conclusions Our study suggests that Chemotherapeutic agents like CHX and combination CHX-MTZ Gel are clinically effective as adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning(SRP) in treatment of Chronic Gingivitis. Further, post statistical comparative analysis has proved CHX-MTZ combination gel regime to be more clinically effective than CHX gel used alone in treatment of Chronic Gingivitis as adjunct to SRP. Key words:Scaling and Root Planning (SRP), Chronic Gingivitis, Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) gel, Combination (CHX+MTZ) Gel, Metronidazole (MTZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mishra
- Junior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, M.P, India
| | - Anuj Bhargava
- Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia, Hospital Bhopal, M.P, India
| | - Neha Nigam-Gupta
- Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, M.P, India
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Ambhore S, Padhye A. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of Triphala gel and chlorhexidine digluconate gel in management of patients with chronic gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_209_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ameer N, Palaparthi R, Neerudu M, Palakuru SK, Singam HR, Durvasula S. Oral hygiene and periodontal status of teenagers with special needs in the district of Nalgonda, India. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:421-5. [PMID: 23162340 PMCID: PMC3498715 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess oral hygiene status, oral hygiene practices and periodontal status among 14-17-year-old visually impaired, deaf and dumb, intellectually disabled and physically challenged and normal teenagers in the district of Nalgonda, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred and fifty teenagers in the age group of 14-17 years, constituting visually impaired, deaf and dumb, intellectually disabled, physically challenged and normal teenagers, were studied. Oral hygiene status and periodontal status were assessed using clinical indices and compared. RESULTS Among the five groups chosen for the study, the intellectually disabled group had the highest plaque scores and poor oral hygiene. The visually impaired and deaf and dumb had better oral hygiene compared with other disability groups. Physically handicapped showed higher loss of attachment scores and deleterious and parafunctional habits. Normal teenagers had good oral hygiene and lower plaque scores. Oral health status relied basically on proper use of oral hygiene aids and training of the groups by their care takers. CONCLUSION Disabled groups showed poor oral hygiene and higher incidence of periodontal disease, which may be attributed to the lack of coordination, understanding, physical disability or muscular limitations. Hence, more attention needs to be given to the dental needs of these individuals through ultimate, accurate and appropriate prevention, detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Ameer
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Chandra C, Valavalkar N, Vandana KL. The comparative evaluation of xanthan gel with chlorhexidine (Chlosite) in smokers and non-smokers: A clinical and microbiological assessment. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15:221-7. [PMID: 22028508 PMCID: PMC3200016 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.85664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevention of the periodontal disease progression is the primary goal of periodontal therapy. When conventional therapy is found inadequate to attain periodontal health in chronic periodontitis, local antimicrobial agents have been used as an adjunct with scaling and root planning (SRP) which has reproduced encouraging results. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the new sustained released local drug Chlosite clinically and microbiologically in smokers and non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients were grouped into experimental group A treated with SRP plus Chlosite (SRP + CHL), experimental group B treated with Chlosite alone (CHL), and control group C treated only with SRP alone. A total number of 141 sites from six patients (67 sites from three non-smoker patients and 74 sites from three smoker patients) participated in this study. The clinical parameters, Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Relative attachment level (RAL), were recorded and subgingival plaque samples were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis. RESULTS On comparison of smokers and non-smokers, in SRP group, non-smokers showed a higher reduction in BI and GI and smokers showed a higher reduction in PI. There was no significant gain in RAL of both smokers and non-smokers. In SRP + CHL group, non-smokers showed a higher reduction in relation to BI and GI and smokers showed a higher reduction in relation to PI. There was no significant gain in RAL of both smokers and non-smokers. In CHL group, both smokers and non-smokers showed a nonsignificant reduction in BI, GI, and RAL, but smokers showed a significant reduction in PI as compared with non-smokers. All the groups showed reduction in the microbial count of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia which were found to be statistically not significant when it was compared between non-smokers and smokers. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION In this study, all treatment groups were found to be efficacious in the treatment of periodontal disease as demonstrated by improvement in PI, GI, BI, and RAL. Combination of SRP and Chlosite resulted in added benefits compared with the two treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Chandra
- Department of Periodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Valavalkar
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - K. L. Vandana
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Feng HS, Pinheiro ICM, Grande SR, Pannuti CM, Barros FJN, Lotufo RFM. Effectiveness of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in Brazilian individuais with cerebral palsy. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2007; 27:144-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2007.tb00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pizzo G, Guiglia R, Imburgia M, Pizzo I, D'Angelo M, Giuliana G. The Effects of Antimicrobial Sprays and Mouthrinses on Supragingival Plaque Regrowth: A Comparative Study. J Periodontol 2006; 77:248-56. [PMID: 16460251 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the side effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) mouthrinsing, a spray has been proposed as an alternative method of CHX delivery to the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the plaque inhibitory effects of CHX, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and triclosan (TRN) delivered by sprays and mouthrinses. METHODS The study was an observer-masked, randomized cross-over design balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 healthy volunteers in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. Products being tested (0.2% CHX, 0.12% CHX, 0.05% CPC, and 0.03% TRN) were used both as sprays and mouthrinses. A saline solution served as a negative control. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced using their allocated products. On day 5, subjects were scored for disclosed plaque. RESULTS CHX sprays (P<0.01) were the most effective sprays in preventing plaque regrowth, without significant differences between the two concentrations tested (P>0.05). TRN spray showed a significant inhibition of plaque regrowth in comparison to the negative control (P<0.05). CPC spray did not differ from saline spray (P>0.05). A similar trend of efficacy was detected for rinses. Although the effect on plaque regrowth observed with CHX rinses was superior to that of CHX sprays (P<0.0003), the latter did not cause side effects (P>0.2). CONCLUSIONS These findings, together with those from clinical trials, suggest that the CHX-containing sprays may represent an effective alternative to CHX rinses when mechanical oral hygiene has to be avoided in restricted areas. On the contrary, the TRN and CPC sprays showed little or no plaque inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pizzo
- Department of Oral Sciences, Section of Periodontology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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