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Laliberté A, Prelli Bozzo C, Stahl-Hennig C, Hunszinger V, Joas S, Sauermann U, Roshani B, Klippert A, Daskalaki M, Mätz-Rensing K, Stolte-Leeb N, Tharp GK, Fuchs D, Gupta PM, Silvestri G, Nelson SA, Parodi L, Giavedoni L, Bosinger SE, Sparrer KM, Kirchhoff F. Vpr attenuates antiviral immune responses and is critical for full pathogenicity of SIV mac239 in rhesus macaques. iScience 2023; 26:108351. [PMID: 38025783 PMCID: PMC10679897 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accessory viral protein R (Vpr) is encoded by all primate lentiviruses. Vpr counteracts DNA repair pathways, modulates viral immune sensing, and induces cell-cycle arrest in cell culture. However, its impact in vivo is controversial. Here, we show that deletion of vpr is associated with delayed viral replication kinetics, rapid innate immune activation, development and maintenance of strong B and T cell responses, and increased neutralizing activity against SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques. All wild-type SIVmac239-infected animals maintained high viral loads, and five of six developed fatal immunodeficiency during ∼80 weeks of follow-up. Lack of Vpr was associated with better preservation of CD4+ T cells, lower viral loads, and an attenuated clinical course of infection in most animals. Our results show that Vpr contributes to efficient viral immune evasion and the full pathogenic potential of SIVmacin vivo. Inhibition of Vpr may improve humoral immune control of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Laliberté
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Caterina Prelli Bozzo
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Victoria Hunszinger
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Joas
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Berit Roshani
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Daskalaki
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prachi Mehrotra Gupta
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sydney A. Nelson
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Parodi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Konstantin M.J. Sparrer
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology – Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Abbas W, Herbein G. T-Cell Signaling in HIV-1 Infection. Open Virol J 2013; 7:57-71. [PMID: 23986795 PMCID: PMC3751038 DOI: 10.2174/1874357920130621001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV exploits the T-cell signaling network to gain access to downstream cellular components, which serves as effective tools to break the cellular barriers. Multiple host factors and their interaction with viral proteins contribute to the complexity of HIV-1 pathogenesis and disease progression. HIV-1 proteins gp120, Nef, Tat and Vpr alter the T-cell signaling pathways by activating multiple transcription factors including NF-ĸB, Sp1 and AP-1. HIV-1 evades the immune system by developing a multi-pronged strategy. Additionally, HIV-1 encoded proteins influence the apoptosis in the host cell favoring or blocking T-cell apoptosis. Thus, T-cell signaling hijacked by viral proteins accounts for both viral persistence and immune suppression during HIV-1 infection. Here, we summarize past and present studies on HIV-1 T-cell signaling with special focus on the possible role of T cells in facilitating viral infection and pathogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Abbas
- Department of Virology, Pathogens & Inflammation Laboratory, UPRES EA4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comte, CHRU Besançon, F-25030 Besançon, France
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3
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Kogan M, Deshmane S, Sawaya BE, Gracely EJ, Khalili K, Rappaport J. Inhibition of NF-κB activity by HIV-1 Vpr is dependent on Vpr binding protein. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:781-90. [PMID: 23001849 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that Vpr alters NF-κB signaling in various cell types, however, the findings have been largely conflicting with reports of both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Vpr. Our aim was to investigate the role of Vpr signaling in myeloid cells using an adenovirus based expression and indicator system. Our results show that Vpr is inhibitory to NF-κB, however, this effect is dependent on the particular manner of NF-κB stimulation. Consistent with this notion, we report that Vpr has inhibitory effects that are specific to the TNF-α pathway, but not affecting the LPS pathway, suggesting that differential targets of Vpr may exist for NF-κB regulation. Further, we identify VprBP as one possible cellular component of Vpr's regulation of IκBα in response to TNF-α stimulation. We did not identify such a role for HSP27, which instead seems to inhibit Vpr functions. Chronically HIV-1 infected U1 cells with knockdown constructs for Vpr were unexpectedly less responsive to TNF-α mediated viral replication, perhaps suggesting that other HIV-1 components may antagonize these anti-NF-κB effects in infected cells. We hypothesize that Vpr may serve an important role in the context of viral infection and immune function in vivo, through its selective inhibition of NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kogan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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4
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The role of HIV-1 Vpr in promoting the infection of nondividing cells and in cell cycle arrest. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2012; 7:187-94. [PMID: 22274659 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0b013e32835049e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The search for the role(s) that HIV-1 Vpr and its HIV2/SIV paralogs Vpr and Vpx play in viral infection and pathogenesis showed that all three engage CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complexes. This association triggers ubiquitination and degradation of cellular substrates. The identity of the ubiquitin ligase substrates is only now beginning to be revealed. This review focuses on recent work that has identified one such substrate and exposed new cellular restrictions to infection. RECENT FINDINGS Three groups have now described cellular factors that restrict HIV-1 infection in cells of the myeloid lineage. One of these factors, sterile alpha motif- and metal-dependent phosphohydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), was shown to be depleted through the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex in the presence of HIV-2/SIV Vpx. The other restriction can be defeated by Vpx in the absence of at least one part of the ubiquitin ligase complex that triggers SAMHD1 depletion.Another group has shown that the previously described upregulation of natural killer-cell ligands on the surface of HIV-1-infected cells requires the actions of both the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G and uracil-N-glycosylase 2 in association with HIV-1 Vpr. SUMMARY As more cellular interaction partners are identified for HIV-1 Vpr and its paralogs from other viruses, details are emerging about Vpr function. The recent findings have highlighted the existence of two new human proteins that can act to combat HIV infection and have revealed how HIV-1 proteins act in concert to modulate the interaction between natural killer cells and HIV-1 infected cells.
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Kogan M, Rappaport J. HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr: relevance in the pathogenesis of HIV and potential for therapeutic intervention. Retrovirology 2011; 8:25. [PMID: 21489275 PMCID: PMC3090340 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV protein, Vpr, is a multifunctional accessory protein critical for efficient viral infection of target CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Vpr is incorporated into virions and functions to transport the preintegration complex into the nucleus where the process of viral integration into the host genome is completed. This action is particularly important in macrophages, which as a result of their terminal differentiation and non-proliferative status, would be otherwise more refractory to HIV infection. Vpr has several other critical functions including activation of HIV-1 LTR transcription, cell-cycle arrest due to DCAF-1 binding, and both direct and indirect contributions to T-cell dysfunction. The interactions of Vpr with molecular pathways in the context of macrophages, on the other hand, support accumulation of a persistent reservoir of HIV infection in cells of the myeloid lineage. The role of Vpr in the virus life cycle, as well as its effects on immune cells, appears to play an important role in the immune pathogenesis of AIDS and the development of HIV induced end-organ disease. In view of the pivotal functions of Vpr in virus infection, replication, and persistence of infection, this protein represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kogan
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Cafaro A, Macchia I, Maggiorella MT, Titti F, Ensoli B. Innovative approaches to develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HIV/AIDS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 655:189-242. [PMID: 20047043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged in the human population in the summer of 1981. According to the latest United Nations estimates, worldwide over 33 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence rates continue to rise globally. To control the alarming spread of HIV, an urgent need exists for developing a safe and effective vaccine that prevents individuals from becoming infected or progressing to disease. To be effective, an HIV/AIDS vaccine should induce broad and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses, at both mucosal and systemic level. However, the nature of protective immune responses remains largely elusive and this represents one of the major roadblocks preventing the development of an effective vaccine. Here we summarize our present understanding of the factors responsible for resistance to infection or control of progression to disease in human and monkey that may be relevant to vaccine development and briefly review recent approaches which are currently being tested in clinical trials. Finally, the rationale and the current status of novel strategies based on nonstructural HIV-1 proteins, such as Tat, Nef and Rev, used alone or in combination with modified structural HIV-1 Env proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Cafaro
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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7
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Casey L, Wen X, de Noronha CMC. The functions of the HIV1 protein Vpr and its action through the DCAF1.DDB1.Cullin4 ubiquitin ligase. Cytokine 2010; 51:1-9. [PMID: 20347598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the proteins encoded by human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) at least three, Vif, Vpu and Vpr, subvert cellular ubiquitin ligases to block the action of anti-viral defenses. This review focuses on Vpr and its HIV2/SIV counterparts, Vpx and Vpr, which all engage the DDB1.Cullin4 ubiquitin ligase complex through the DCAF1 adaptor protein. Here, we discuss the multiple functions that have been linked to Vpr expression and summarize the current knowledge on the role of the ubiquitin ligase complex in carrying out a subset of these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurieann Casey
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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8
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Tcherepanova I, Starr A, Lackford B, Adams MD, Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Calderhead D, Healey D, Nicolette C. The immunosuppressive properties of the HIV Vpr protein are linked to a single highly conserved residue, R90. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5853. [PMID: 19516896 PMCID: PMC2689350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark of AIDS progression is a switch of cytokines from Th1 to Th2 in the plasma of patients. IL-12, a critical Th1 cytokine secreted by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is suppressed by Vpr, implicating it as an important virulence factor. We hypothesize that Vpr protein packaged in the virion may be required for disabling APCs of the first infected mucosal tissues. Consistent with this idea are reports that defects in the C-terminus of Vpr are associated with long-term non-progression. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Vpr RNA amplified from various sources was electroporated into monocyte-derived DC and IL-12 levels in supernatants were analyzed. The analysis of previously reported C-terminal Vpr mutations demonstrate that they do not alleviate the block of IL-12 secretion. However, a novel single conservative amino acid substitution, R90K, reverses the IL-12 suppression. Analysis of 1226 Vpr protein sequences demonstrated arginine (R) present at position 90 in 98.8%, with other substitutions at low frequency. Furthermore, none of sequences report lysine (K) in position 90. Vpr clones harboring the reported substitutions in position 90 were studied for their ability to suppress IL-12. Our data demonstrates that none of tested substitutions other than K relieve IL-12 suppression. This suggests a natural selection for sequences which suppress IL-12 secretion by DC and against mutations which relieve such suppression. Further analyses demonstrated that the R90K, as well as deletion of the C-terminus, directs the Vpr protein for rapid degradation. CONCLUSION This study supports Vpr as an HIV virulence factor during HIV infection and for the first time provides a link between evolutionary conservation of Vpr and its ability to suppress IL-12 secretion by DC. DC activated in the presence of Vpr would be defective in the production of IL-12, thus contributing to the prevailing Th2 cytokine profile associated with progressive HIV disease. These findings should be considered in the design of future immunotherapies that incorporate Vpr as an antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tcherepanova
- Research and Development Department, Argos Therapeutics Inc, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Bazhan SI, Karpenko LI, Lebedev LR, Uzhachenko RV, Belavin PA, Eroshkin AM, Ilyichev AA. A synergistic effect of a combined bivalent DNA–protein anti-HIV-1 vaccine containing multiple T- and B-cell epitopes of HIV-1 proteins. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:661-9. [PMID: 17869341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic properties of the combined vaccine CombiHIVvac, comprising polyepitope HIV-1 immunogens, one being the artificial polyepitope protein TBI, containing the T- and B-cell epitopes from Env and Gag proteins, and the DNA vaccine construct pcDNA-TCI coding for the artificial protein TCI, carrying over 80 T-cell epitopes (both CD4+ CTL and CD8+ Th) from Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef proteins, are studied in this work. The data reported demonstrate clearly that a combination of two B- and T-cell immunogens (TBI and TCI) in one construct results in a synergistic increase in the antibody response to both TBI protein and the proteins from HIV-1 lysate. The level of antibodies induced by immunization with the constructs containing either immunogen alone (TBI protein or the plasmid pcDNA-TCI) was significantly lower as compared to that induced by the combined vaccine. The analysis performed suggests that the presence of CD4+ T-helper epitopes, which can be presented by MHC class II, in the protein TCI may be the main reason underlying the increased synthesis of antibodies to TBI protein due to a CD4-mediated stimulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Bazhan
- Theoretical Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
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Titti F, Cafaro A, Ferrantelli F, Tripiciano A, Moretti S, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Ensoli F, Robert-Guroff M, Barnett S, Ensoli B. Problems and emerging approaches in HIV/AIDS vaccine development. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2007; 12:23-48. [PMID: 17355212 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.12.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
According to recent estimates, 39.5 million people have been infected with HIV and 2.9 million have already died. The effect of HIV infection on individuals and communities is socially and economically devastating. Although antiretroviral drugs have had a dramatically beneficial impact on HIV-infected individuals who have access to treatment, it has had a negligible impact on the global epidemic. Therefore, the need for an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine remains the highest priority of the world HIV/AIDS agenda. The generation of a vaccine against HIV/AIDS has turned out to be extremely challenging, as indicated by > 20 years of unsuccessful attempts. This review discusses the major challenges in the field and key experimental evidence providing a rationale for the use of non-structural HIV proteins, such as Rev, Tat and Nef, either in the native form or expressed by viral vectors such as a replicating adeno-vector. These non-structural proteins alone or in combination with modified structural HIV-1 Env proteins represent a novel strategy for both preventative and therapeutic HIV/AIDS vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Titti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, V.le Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
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11
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Yamamoto JK, Pu R, Sato E, Hohdatsu T. Feline immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and development of a dual-subtype feline-immunodeficiency-virus vaccine. AIDS 2007; 21:547-63. [PMID: 17314517 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328013d88a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Ensoli B, Fiorelli V, Ensoli F, Cafaro A, Titti F, Buttò S, Monini P, Magnani M, Caputo A, Garaci E. Candidate HIV-1 Tat vaccine development: from basic science to clinical trials. AIDS 2006; 20:2245-61. [PMID: 17117011 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3280112cd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muthumani K, Choo AY, Hwang DS, Dayes NS, Chattergoon M, Mayilvahanan S, Thieu KP, Buckley PT, Emmanuel J, Premkumar A, Weiner DB. HIV-1 Viral Protein-R (VPR) Protects against Lethal Superantigen Challenge While Maintaining Homeostatic T Cell Levels in Vivo. Mol Ther 2005; 12:910-21. [PMID: 16006193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr exhibits many interesting features related to macrophage and T cell biology. As a viral protein or as a soluble molecule it can suppress immune cell activation and cytokine production in vitro in part by targeted inhibition of NF-kappaB. In this regard we sought to test its effects in vivo on an NF-kappaB-dependent immune pathway. We examined the activity of Vpr in a lethal toxin-mediated challenge model in mice. Intravenous delivery of Vpr was sufficient to protect mice from lethal challenge with staphylococcal endotoxin B (SEB). Furthermore, Vpr protected host CD4+ T cells from in vivo depletion likely by preventing induction of AICD of SEB-exposed cells in a post-toxin-binding fashion. Understanding the biology of Vpr's activities in this model may allow for new insight into potential mechanisms of hyperinflammatory disease and into Vpr pathobiology in the context of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Muthumani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 505 Stellar Chance Building, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Suh YS, Park KS, Sauermann U, Franz M, Norley S, Wilfingseder D, Stoiber H, Fagrouch Z, Heeney J, Hunsmann G, Stahl-Hennig C, Sung YC. Reduction of viral loads by multigenic DNA priming and adenovirus boosting in the SIVmac-macaque model. Vaccine 2005; 24:1811-20. [PMID: 16274888 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the ability of a multigenic SIV DNA prime/replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd/SIV) boost regimen to induce SIV-specific immune responses and protection against intrarectal challenge with SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques. Four rhesus macaques were immunized intramuscularly three times at 8-week intervals with SIV DNA vaccine and boosted once with rAd/SIV vaccine Four control macaques received the same amount of mock plasmid DNA and mock adenovirus vector. While the SIV DNA vaccine included plasmids expressing a mutated human IL-12 gene (IL-12N222L) as well as SIVmac239 structural and regulatory genes, the rAd/SIV vaccine contained rAd vectors expressing SIVmac239 genes only. Immunization with SIV DNA vaccine alone induced SIV-specific IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses in only two of four vaccinated macaques, whereas all animals developed SIV-specific T-cell responses and Env- and Tat-specific antibody responses following the rAd/SIV vaccine boost. Upon intrarectal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251, strong anamnestic Env-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses were detected in the vaccinated macaques. Overall, the immunized macaques had lower peak and set-point viral loads than control macaques, suggesting that the induced immune responses play a role in the control of viremia. In addition, the loss of CD4+ T cells was delayed in the vaccinated macaques after challenge. These results indicate that the multigenic DNA prime-adenovirus boost immunization may be a promising approach in developing an effective AIDS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- You S Suh
- Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Zhao J, Voltan R, Peng B, Davis-Warren A, Kalyanaraman VS, Alvord WG, Aldrich K, Bernasconi D, Buttò S, Cafaro A, Ensoli B, Robert-Guroff M. Enhanced cellular immunity to SIV Gag following co-administration of adenoviruses encoding wild-type or mutant HIV Tat and SIV Gag. Virology 2005; 342:1-12. [PMID: 16109434 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among candidate antigens for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylactic vaccines, the regulatory protein Tat is a critical early target, but has a potential for immune suppression. Adenovirus (Ad) recombinants encoding wild-type HIV Tat (Tat-wt) and a transdominant negative mutant HIV Tat (Tat22) were constructed and administered to mice separately or together with Ad-SIVgag. Immunogenicity and effects on immune responses to the co-administered Gag immunogen were evaluated. Wild-type and mutant Tat recombinants elicited similar Tat-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Co-administration of either Tat immunogen with Ad-SIVgag induced modest but significant enhancement of Gag-specific interferon-gamma secreting T cells and lymphoproliferative responses. Neither the Ad-recombinant encoding Tat-wt nor Tat22 suppressed induction of anti-Tat or anti-Gag antibodies. Based on the immune responses observed in mice, both recombinants appear to be suitable vaccine candidates. Their contribution to protective efficacy remains to be determined in a non-human primate model.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/immunology
- Genes, gag
- Genes, tat
- Genetic Vectors
- HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Macaca mulatta
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutation
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, 41 Medlars Drive, Building 41, Room D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA
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16
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17
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Ferrantelli F, Cafaro A, Ensoli B. Nonstructural HIV proteins as targets for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2004; 15:543-56. [PMID: 15560981 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
By the end of 2004, more than 20 HIV-1 vaccine candidates will have entered clinical testing in at least 30 trials worldwide. Almost half of these vaccines include nonstructural HIV-1 gene products. This represents an important innovation in the HIV vaccine field, because until 9 years ago not even preclinical testing in small animal models had been carried out with such immunogens. This review briefly discusses the experimental evidence that provides the rationale for the use of nonstructural HIV-1 gene products as vaccine antigens, and summarizes the current status and the future development of these novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ferrantelli
- AIDS Division, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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