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Sun Y, Müller-Schärer H, Maron JL, Schaffner U. Origin matters: diversity affects the performance of alien invasive species but not of native species. Am Nat 2015; 185:725-36. [PMID: 25996858 DOI: 10.1086/681251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
At local scales, it has often been found that invasibility decreases with increasing resident plant diversity. However, whether resident community diversity similarly resists invasion by alien versus native species is seldom studied. We examined this issue by invading constructed native plant assemblages that varied in species and functional richness with invasive alien or native Asteraceae species. Assemblages were also invaded with spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe, a native European aster that has been previously used in diversity-invasibility experiments in North America. We also conducted a field survey to explore the generality of the patterns generated from our experimental study. Both experimental and observational work revealed that increasing diversity reduced the performance of alien but not native invaders. Centaurea stoebe invading its native community performed poorly regardless of resident diversity, whereas in a parallel, previously published study conducted in North America, C. stoebe easily invaded low-diversity but not high-diversity assemblages. Our results suggest that diversity is an attribute of resident communities that makes them more or less susceptible to invasion by novel invasive alien but not native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Knight KS, Oleksyn J, Jagodzinski AM, Reich PB, Kasprowicz M. Overstorey tree species regulate colonization by native and exotic plants: a source of positive relationships between understorey diversity and invasibility. DIVERS DISTRIB 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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HECTOR A, JOSHI J, SCHERER-LORENZEN M, SCHMID B, SPEHN EM, WACKER L, WEILENMANN M, BAZELEY-WHITE E, BEIERKUHNLEIN C, CALDEIRA MC, DIMITRAKOPOULOS PG, FINN JA, HUSS-DANELL K, JUMPPONEN A, LEADLEY PW, LOREAU M, MULDER CPH, NEßHÖVER C, PALMBORG C, READ DJ, SIAMANTZIOURAS ASD, TERRY AC, TROUMBIS AY. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: reconciling the results of experimental and observational studies. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hastwell GT, Daniel AJ, Vivian-Smith G. Predicting invasiveness in exotic species: do subtropical native and invasive exotic aquatic plants differ in their growth responses to macronutrients? DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lulow ME. Invasion by Non-Native Annual Grasses: The Importance of Species Biomass, Composition, and Time Among California Native Grasses of the Central Valley. Restor Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The emergence of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning debate in the last decade has renewed interest in understanding why some communities are more easily invaded than others and how the impact of invasion on recipient communities and ecosystems varies. To date most of the research on invasibility has focused on taxonomic diversity, i.e., species richness. However, functional diversity of the communities should be more relevant for the resistance of the community to invasions, as the extent of functional differences among the species in an assemblage is a major determinant of ecosystem processes. Although coastal marine habitats are among the most heavily invaded ecosystems, studies on community invasibility and vulnerability in these habitats are scarce. We carried out a manipulative field experiment in tide pools of the rocky intertidal to test the hypothesis that increasing functional richness reduces the susceptibility of macroalgal communities to invasion. We selected a priori four functional groups on the basis of previous knowledge of local species characteristics: encrusting, turf, subcanopy, and canopy species. Synthetic assemblages containing one, two, three, or four different functional groups of seaweeds were created, and invasion by native species was monitored over an eight-month period. Cover and resource availability in the assemblages with only one functional group showed different patterns in the use of space and light, confirming true functional differences among our groups. Experimental results showed that the identity of functional groups was more important than functional richness in determining the ability of macroalgal communities to resist invasion and that resistance to invasion was resource-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arenas
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
There is an emerging recognition that invasibility is not an intrinsic community trait, but is a condition that fluctuates from interactions between environmental forces and residential characters. Elucidating the spatiotemporal complexities of invasion requires inclusion of multiple, ecologically variable factors within communities of differing structure. Water and nutrient amendments, disturbance, and local composition affect grassland invasibility but no study has simultaneously integrated these, despite evidence that they frequently interact. Using a split-plot factorial design, we tested the effects of these factors on the invasibility of C3 pasture communities by smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus L., a problematic C4 forb. We sowed seeds and transplanted 3-week old seedlings of A. hybridus into plots containing monocultures and mixtures of varying composition, subjected plots to water, soil disturbance, and synthetic bovine urine (SBU) treatments, and measured A. hybridus emergence, recruitment, and growth rate. Following SBU addition, transplanted seedling growth increased in all plots but differed among legume and nonlegume monocultures and mixtures of these plant types. However, SBU decreased the number and recruitment rate of emerged seedlings because high residential growth reduced light availability. Nutrient pulses can therefore have strong but opposing effects on invasibility, depending on when they coincide with particular life history stages of an invader. Indeed, in SBU-treated plots, small differences in height of transplanted seedlings early on produced large differences in their final biomass. All facilitative effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success diminished when productivity-promoting factors were present, suggesting that disturbance patch size is important. Precipitation-induced invasion resistance of C3 pastures by a C4 invader was partly supported. In grazed grasslands, these biotic and environmental factors vary across scales and interact in complex ways to affect invasibility, thus a dynamic patch mosaic of differential invasion resistance likely occurs in single fields. We propose that disturbance patch size, grazing intensity, soil resource availability, and resident composition are inextricably linked to grassland invasions and comment on the utility of community attributes as reliable predictors of invasibility. Lastly, we suggest temporal as well as spatial coincidences of multiple invasion facilitators dictate the window of opportunity for invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Renne
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Jarnevich CS, Stohlgren TJ, Barnett D, Kartesz J. Filling in the gaps: modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data. DIVERS DISTRIB 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Crall AW, Newman GJ, Stohlgren TJ, Jarnevich CS, Evangelista P, Guenther D. Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Pranovi F, Franceschini G, Casale M, Zucchetta M, Torricelli P, Giovanardi O. An Ecological Imbalance Induced by a Non-Native Species: The Manila Clam in the Venice Lagoon. Biol Invasions 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-005-1602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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LENZ TANJAI, FACELLI JOSEM. The role of seed limitation and resource availability in the recruitment of native perennial grasses and exotics in a South Australian grassland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Castro SA, Figueroa JA, Muñoz-Schick M, Jaksic FM. Minimum residence time, biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. DIVERS DISTRIB 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Knight KS, Reich PB. Opposite relationships between invasibility and native species richness at patch versus landscape scales. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dimitrakopoulos PG, Galanidis A, Siamantziouras ASD, Troumbis AY. Short-term invasibility patterns in burnt and unburnt experimental Mediterranean grassland communities of varying diversities. Oecologia 2005; 143:428-37. [PMID: 15711823 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a short-term natural invasibility field study in constructed Mediterranean herbaceous communities of varying diversities, under a fire treatment. Three components of invasibility, i.e. species richness, density and biomass of invaders, have been monitored in burnt and unburnt experimental plots with resident diversity ranging from monocultures to 18-species mixtures. In general, species richness, density and biomass of invaders decreased significantly with the increase of resident species richness. Furthermore, the density and biomass of invading species were significantly influenced by the species composition of resident communities. Although aboveground biomass, leaf area index, canopy height and percent bare ground of the resident communities explained a significant part of the variation in the success of invading species, these covariates did not fully explain the effects of resident species richness. Fire mainly influenced invasibility via soil nutrient levels. The effect of fire on observed invasibility patterns seems to be less important than the effects of resident species richness. Our results demonstrate the importance of species richness and composition in controlling the initial stages of plant invasions in Mediterranean grasslands but that there was a lack of interaction with the effects of fire disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis G Dimitrakopoulos
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Lesbos, 81100, Greece.
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Spehn EM, Hector A, Joshi J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Bazeley-White E, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira MC, Diemer M, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Finn JA, Freitas H, Giller PS, Good J, Harris R, Högberg P, Huss-Danell K, Jumpponen A, Koricheva J, Leadley PW, Loreau M, Minns A, Mulder CPH, O'Donovan G, Otway SJ, Palmborg C, Pereira JS, Pfisterer AB, Prinz A, Read DJ, Schulze ED, Siamantziouras ASD, Terry AC, Troumbis AY, Woodward FI, Yachi S, Lawton JH. ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY MANIPULATIONS IN EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS. ECOL MONOGR 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/03-4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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MILBAU A, NIJS I, DE RAEDEMAECKER F, REHEUL D, DE CAUWER B. Invasion in grassland gaps: the role of neighbourhood richness, light availability and species complementarity during two successive years. Funct Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cleland EE, Smith MD, Andelman SJ, Bowles C, Carney KM, Claire Horner-Devine M, Drake JM, Emery SM, Gramling JM, Vandermast DB. Invasion in space and time: non-native species richness and relative abundance respond to interannual variation in productivity and diversity. Ecol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Smith MD, Wilcox JC, Kelly T, Knapp AK. Dominance not richness determines invasibility of tallgrass prairie. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meiners SJ, Cadenasso ML, Pickett STA. Beyond biodiversity: individualistic controls of invasion in a self-assembled community. Ecol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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