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Leyva-Corona JC, Angulo-Valenzuela NI, Laborin-Escalante BM, Gastelum-Delgado MA, Silva-Avila NJ, Luna-Nevárez P, Aragón-López CE, Sánchez-Castro MA, Morales-Pablos MI. Reproductive performance of hair ewes and rams implanted with melatonin previous to the anestrus season in northwest Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:174. [PMID: 37099050 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Ovine reproductive behavior depends on annual photoperiodic cycle and its impact on endogenous melatonin secretion. In this regard, exogenous melatonin administration previous to the physiological anestrus period could modify the reproductive performance of sheep in the northwest of Mexico. Two independent studies were performed to evaluate such hypothesis in hair sheep implanted with melatonin prior to the anestrus season in latitudes 24° and 25° of Mexico. Study 1 involved 15 rams assigned to one of three treatments receiving 0mg (n=5), 18mg (n=5), or 36mg (n=5) of melatonin subcutaneously. Study variables were measured monthly since implantation (d0) and included testosterone concentration, scrotal circumference, mass motility, individual motility, and sperm concentration. Study 2 included 50 ewes assigned to one of two treatments receiving 0mg (n=25) or 18mg (n=25) of melatonin subcutaneously. In ewes, progesterone concentration and the frequency of females in anestrus were measured during the implantation (-30d), as well as at the beginning (0d) and at the end (45d) of the mating period, while pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography 45d after. Continuous variables were analyzed using a mixed effects model considering treatment, time, and the treatment by time interaction as fixed effects. Animal nested within treatment was the random effect. Binary variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. In males, melatonin improved testosterone and sperm concentrations (P<0.05), while in females, a 28% higher pregnancy rate was observed in implanted ewes (P<0.05). Therefore, melatonin enhanced reproductive parameters in both sexes and its exogenous administration previous to the anestrus season in northwest Mexico could be more effective in rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Leyva-Corona
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Norberto I Angulo-Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Blanca M Laborin-Escalante
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - N Jahzeel Silva-Avila
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Pablo Luna-Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Aragón-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Sánchez-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marcela I Morales-Pablos
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818, 85130, Obregón Sonora, Mexico.
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Duan H, Hu J, Xiao L, Lv J, Zhang Y, Zhao X. β-Estradiol inhibits melatonin synthesis and melatonin receptor expression in sheep granulosa cells. Gene 2021; 814:146128. [PMID: 34971752 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an important regulator of mammalian reproduction, is mainly produced in the pineal gland, and granulosa cells (GCs), the main mammalian ovarian secretory cells, synthesize melatonin and express melatonin receptors (MRs) MT1 and MT2. However, studies on melatonin regulation in GCs are lacking in sheep. In this study, we explored the effects of β-estradiol (E2) on melatonin production and MR expression in GCs. We cultured sheep GCs to analyze the expression of the melatonin rate-limiting enzymes AANAT and HIOMT and the effects of E2 on AANAT, HIOMT, and MR expression and melatonin synthesis. To determine whether estrogen receptors (ERs) mediated E2 action on melatonin secretion and MR expression, we assessed ERA and ERB expression in GCs and observed whether ER antagonists counterbalanced the effects of E2. GCs expressed AANAT and HIOMT mRNA, indicating that they transformed exogenous serotonin into melatonin. E2 inhibited melatonin production by downregulating AANAT, HIOMT, and MRs. GCs expressed ERA and ERB; ERA/ERB inhibitors abolished E2-mediated inhibition of melatonin secretion and MR expression. PHTPP upregulated melatonin secretion and MT1 expression in E2-treated GCs, but did not significantly affect AANAT and MT2 expression. In conclusion, melatonin secretion in GCs was inhibited by E2 through an ERA- and ERB-mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Duan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Cui L, Xu F, Jiang Z, Wang S, Li X, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Du M. Melatonin regulates proliferation and apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells via MT1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1333-1341. [PMID: 34343226 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial dysfunction is an important factor for implantation failure. The function of the endometrium is regulated by multiple factors like sex hormones and circadian rhythms. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) are a major cellular component in the endometrium, which is essential for proper physiological activities of the endometrium and the establishment of pregnancy. Melatonin, as a circadian-controlled hormone, plays beneficial roles in the regulation of reproductive processes. MT1, a melatonin receptor, can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Whether melatonin-MT1 signal affects biological function of ESCs remains unknown. Here, we showed that MT1 was expressed in human ESCs (hESCs), which could be regulated by estrogen and progesterone. MT1 knockdown inhibited proliferative activity and promoted apoptosis of hESCs by activating caspase-3 and upregulating the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Melatonin could reverse the effect of MT1 knockdown on proliferative activity and apoptosis of hESCs. Melatonin could promote proliferative activity of hESCs via the JNK/P38 signal pathway and repress the apoptosis of hESCs via the JNK signal pathway. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that MT1 expression was decreased in endometrial cells from mice with disrupted circadian rhythm, accompanied by increased apoptosis and suppressed proliferative activity, which could be alleviated by administration of melatonin. These results showed the regulatory effect of melatonin-MT1 signal on biological behaviors of ESCs, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for endometrial dysfunction induced by disrupted circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Cui
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Feng Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhuxuan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People’s Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Songcun Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yan Ding
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Meirong Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Hu JJ, Xiao LF, Song LL, Ge WB, Duan HW, Jiang Y. The expression of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 is regulated by E2 in sheep oviduct. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 286:113135. [PMID: 30849411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some of the functions of melatonin in mammals are exerted through its membrane receptors (MRs) and studies have shown that estradiol (E2) might play an important role in regulating the expression of these proteins in female reproductive organs. However, no reports have reported the expression of MRs in the sheep oviduct or whether they are regulated by E2. Thus, herein, we detected the localization of MT1 and MT2 in the sheep oviduct. Moreover, we also investigated the expression pattern of these markers in the ovulating and non-ovulating side of the oviduct in the sheep ampulla and isthmus. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that both MT1 and MT2 are mainly expressed on oviduct epithelial cells. Both real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses showed that MT1 and MT2 genes and proteins are highly expressed on the non-ovulating side of the oviduct ampulla, but not the ovulating side. However, regarding the oviduct isthmus, there were no significant differences between the ovulating and non-ovulating sides. In vitro, 10 ng/ml and 1 µg/ml of E2, as well as 1 µg/ml of E2 combined with 0.1 µg/ml, 1 µg/ml, and 10 µg/ml of ICI182780 (a non-selective estrogenreceptor antagonist), were used to treat oviduct epithelial cells. We found that E2 inhibited the expression of MT1 and MT2 in cultured oviduct cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was suppressed by ICI182780. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that MRs are present in the sheep oviduct, and that E2, via the ER pathway, regulates their expression in the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Long-Fei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Liang-Li Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hong-Wei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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Melatonin Promotes Uterine and Placental Health: Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010300. [PMID: 31906255 PMCID: PMC6982088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the endometrium is a cyclic event tightly regulated by hormones and growth factors to coordinate the menstrual cycle while promoting a suitable microenvironment for embryo implantation during the “receptivity window”. Many women experience uterine failures that hamper the success of conception, such as endometrium thickness, endometriosis, luteal phase defects, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, viral infection, and even endometrial cancer; most of these disturbances involve changes in endocrine components or cell damage. The emerging evidence has proven that circadian rhythm deregulation followed by low circulating melatonin is associated with low implantation rates and difficulties to maintain pregnancy. Given that melatonin is a circadian-regulating hormone also involved in the maintenance of uterine homeostasis through regulation of numerous pathways associated with uterine receptivity and gestation, the success of female reproduction may be dependent on the levels and activity of uterine and placental melatonin. Based on the fact that irregular production of maternal and placental melatonin is related to recurrent spontaneous abortion and maternal/fetal disturbances, melatonin replacement may offer an excellent opportunity to restore normal physiological function of the affected tissues. By alleviating oxidative damage in the placenta, melatonin favors nutrient transfer and improves vascular dynamics at the uterine–placental interface. This review focuses on the main in vivo and in vitro functions of melatonin on uterine physiological processes, such as decidualization and implantation, and also on the feto-maternal tissues, and reviews how exogenous melatonin functions from a mechanistic standpoint to preserve the organ health. New insights on the potential signaling pathways whereby melatonin resists preeclampsia and endometriosis are further emphasized in this review.
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Abecia JA, Forcada F, Vázquez MI, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA, Pérez-Pe R, Casao A. Role of melatonin on embryo viability in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:82-92. [PMID: 32188544 DOI: 10.1071/rd18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural hormone synthesised in the pineal gland, the activity of which is regulated by day-night perception and dictates seasonal rhythms in reproduction in ovine species. Exogenous melatonin, administered via subcutaneous implants, is used to prolong the breeding season of ewes and can increase the proportion of pregnant ewes (fertility rate) and litter size. The increased proportion of ewes that become pregnant and the number of lambs born per lambing among melatonin-treated sheep may be caused by increased embryo survival, through enhanced luteal function, reduced antiluteolytic mechanisms, or improved embryo quality. This review focuses on the effects of melatonin on embryo viability and summarises the processes by which this hormone affects the ovary, follicle, oocyte, corpus luteum and embryo. Moreover, the effects of melatonin on the mechanisms of invivo maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep and the protective action that it appears to have on the invitro procedures that are used to obtain healthy embryos are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Alfonso Abecia
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Forcada
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Vázquez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresa Muiño-Blanco
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Cebrián-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pe
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adriana Casao
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Man GCW, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang J, Wu F, Liu Y, Wang CC, Cheong Y, Li TC. The regulations and role of circadian clock and melatonin in uterine receptivity and pregnancy-An immunological perspective. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation; Fertility Center; Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital; Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fangrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ying Cheong
- Human Development and Health; Princess Anne Hospital; University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine; Southampton UK
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; The Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong SAR
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González-Arto M, Aguilar D, Gaspar-Torrubia E, Gallego M, Carvajal-Serna M, Herrera-Marcos LV, Serrano-Blesa E, Hamilton TRDS, Pérez-Pé R, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA, Casao A. Melatonin MT₁ and MT₂ Receptors in the Ram Reproductive Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030662. [PMID: 28335493 PMCID: PMC5372674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some melatonin functions in mammals are exerted through MT1 and MT2 receptors. However, there are no reports of their presence in the reproductive tract of the ram, a seasonal species. Thus, we have investigated their existence in the ram testis, epididymis, accessory glands and ductus deferens. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed higher levels of m-RNA for both receptors in the testis, ampulla, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens, than in the other organs of the reproductive tract (p < 0.05). Western blot analyses showed protein bands compatible with the MT1 in the testis and cauda epididymis, and for the MT2 in the cauda epididymis and deferent duct. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed the presence of MT1 receptors in spermatogonias, spermatocytes, and spermatids, and MT2 receptors in the newly-formed spermatozoa in the testis, whereas both receptors were located in the epithelial cells of the ampulla, seminal vesicles, and ductus deferens. Indirect immunofluorescence showed significant differences in the immunolocation of both receptors in spermatozoa during their transit in the epididymis. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that melatonin receptors are present in the ram reproductive tract. These results open the way for new studies on the molecular mechanism of melatonin and the biological significance of its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta González-Arto
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - David Aguilar
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Gaspar-Torrubia
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Margarita Gallego
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Melissa Carvajal-Serna
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 11001 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Edith Serrano-Blesa
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Thais Rose Dos Santos Hamilton
- Dpto. de Reprodução Animal, da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508 270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pé
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Teresa Muiño-Blanco
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José A Cebrián-Pérez
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Adriana Casao
- Grupo Biología y Fisiología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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He C, Wang J, Li Y, Zhu K, Xu Z, Song Y, Song Y, Liu G. Melatonin-related genes expressed in the mouse uterus during early gestation promote embryo implantation. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:300-9. [PMID: 25689975 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a superior antioxidant, is an important molecule which regulates female reproduction due to its receptor-mediated and receptor-independent antioxidant actions. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on early gestation in a mouse model. During early gestation, the expression of the melatonin's rate-limiting enzyme, AANAT, gradually increased - in the uterus while the MT2 melatonin receptor was only expressed at day 2 of gestation and no MT1 was detected. Based on these findings, we conducted a melatonin injection experiment which demonstrated that 15 mg/kg melatonin significantly improved the number of implantation sites and the litter size. Also, the blastocyst and uterus were collected to identify the local action of melatonin. In the melatonin-treated mice, the endometrium was thicker than in the control mice; melatonin also caused an increase in density of uterine glands, and the uterine gland index (UGI) was significantly elevated over that of the control. Serum steroid hormone measurements revealed that at day 6 of gestation (postimplantation), melatonin significantly downregulated the E2 level, with no obvious effects on progesterone. Gene expression assay revealed that melatonin significantly upregulated expression of HB-EGF, a crucial gene involved in implantation as well as its receptor ErbB1 in the blastocyst. In addition, PRA, an important gene which influences the decidual response and luminal cell differentiation, p53, which regulates uterine through leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), were both increased after melatonin treatment. These data suggest that melatonin and its MT2 receptor influence early gestation. Exogenous melatonin treatment can improve mouse embryo implantation and litter size, which may have important applications in human reproductive health and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Adamah-Biassi EB, Hudson RL, Dubocovich ML. Genetic deletion of MT1 melatonin receptors alters spontaneous behavioral rhythms in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Horm Behav 2014; 66:619-27. [PMID: 25200199 PMCID: PMC4698802 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Behaviors vary over the 24h light/dark cycle and these temporal patterns reflect in part modulation by circadian neural circuits and hormones, such as melatonin. The goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of MT1 melatonin receptors in behavioral regulation by comparing male and female C57 wild type (WT) mice with C57 mice with genetic deletion of the MT1 receptor (MT1KO). A comprehensive array of fifteen distinct spontaneous behaviors was recorded continuously in the homecage over multiple days using the HomeCageScan system. Behaviors assessed were activity-like (i.e. come down, hang, jump, walk), exploration-like (i.e. dig, groom, rear up, sniff, stretch), resting-like (i.e. awake, remain low, rest, twitch) and ingestion-like (i.e. drink, eat). Phenotypic array and temporal distribution analysis revealed distinct behavioral rhythms that differed between WT and MT1KO mice. The rhythms were consistent from day to day in males and varied with the estrous cycle in females. We also studied the role of MT1 receptors on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Genetic deletion of MT1 receptors increased immobility time in the forced swim test and decreased the number of marbles buried in the marble burying test in both male and female C57 mice. We conclude that MT1 melatonin receptors are involved in neural pathways modulating diurnal rhythms of spontaneous behavior in the homecage as well as pathways regulating depressive and anxiolytic-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Adamah-Biassi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - R L Hudson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - M L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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11
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Bondi C, Alonso-Gonzalez C, Clafshenkel W, Kotlarczyk M, Dodda B, Sanchez-Barcelo E, Davis V, Witt-Enderby P. The effect of estradiol, progesterone, and melatonin on estrous cycling and ovarian aromatase expression in intact female mice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 174:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Domínguez Rubio AP, Sordelli MS, Salazar AI, Aisemberg J, Bariani MV, Cella M, Rosenstein RE, Franchi AM. Melatonin prevents experimental preterm labor and increases offspring survival. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:154-62. [PMID: 24313220 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and contributes to delayed physical and cognitive development in children. At present, there is no efficient therapy to prevent preterm labor. A large body of evidence suggests that intra-amniotic infections may be a significant and potentially preventable cause of preterm birth. This work assessed the effect of melatonin in a murine model of inflammation-associated preterm delivery which mimics central features of preterm infection in humans. For this purpose, preterm labor was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10.00 hr (10 μg LPS) and 13.00 hr (20 μg LPS) on day 15 of pregnancy. On day 14 of pregnancy, a pellet of melatonin (25 mg) had been subcutaneously implanted into a group of animals. In the absence of melatonin, a 100% incidence of preterm birth was observed in LPS-treated animals, and the fetuses showed widespread damage. By comparison, treatment with melatonin prevented preterm birth in 50% of the cases, and all pups from melatonin-treated females were born alive and their body weight did not differ from control animals. Melatonin significantly prevented the LPS-induced rises in uterine prostaglandin (PG) E2 , PGF2α, and cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels. In addition, melatonin prevented the LPS-induced increase in uterine nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) levels. Collectively, our results suggest that melatonin could be a new therapeutic tool to prevent preterm labor and to increase offspring survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Domínguez Rubio
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Pregnancy and Labor, CEFyBO (CONICET/UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Toffol E, Kalleinen N, Haukka J, Vakkuri O, Partonen T, Polo-Kantola P. The effect of hormone therapy on serum melatonin concentrations in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas 2014; 77:361-9. [PMID: 24602553 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin levels decrease physiologically with age, and possibly with the transition to menopause. The plausible influence of hormone therapy (HT) on melatonin is poorly understood. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was to investigate the effect of HT administration on serum melatonin concentrations in late premenopausal and postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Analyses were carried out among 17 late premenopausal and 18 postmenopausal healthy women who participated in a prospective HT study in Finland. Serum melatonin was sampled at 20-min (21:00-24:00 h; 06:00-09:00 h) and 1-h (24:00-06:00 h) intervals at baseline and after 6 months with HT or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Melatonin levels and secretion profile after 6 months of HT compared to placebo. RESULTS Mean melatonin levels, mean melatonin exposure level (area under curve, AUC) and mean duration of melatonin secretion did not differ after 6 months with HT vs. placebo, irrespectively of the reproductive state. However, in postmenopausal women the melatonin peak time (acrophase) was delayed by 2.4h (2 h 21 min) on average after 6 months with HT vs. placebo (p<0.05). No interaction between time and group was detected when melatonin level was modelled before or after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Administration of HT to postmenopausal women alters melatonin peak time, but not melatonin levels. Further research on larger clinical samples is needed to better understand the effects of HT on melatonin profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toffol
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 170, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nea Kalleinen
- Sleep Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 14-18A, 5th Floor, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, PL 52, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 170, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vakkuri
- Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 170, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Polo-Kantola
- Sleep Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 14-18A, 5th Floor, Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Central Hospital and University of Turku, PL 52, Turku, Finland
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14
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Vázquez M, Forcada F, Sosa C, Casao A, Sartore I, Fernández-Foren A, Meikle A, Abecia J. Effect of exogenous melatonin on embryo viability and uterine environment in undernourished ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Melatonin and ethanol intake exert opposite effects on circulating estradiol and progesterone and differentially regulate sex steroid receptors in the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri of adult rats. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:40-9. [PMID: 23591044 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intake is associated with sex hormone disturbances, and it is well known that melatonin plays a key role in regulating several reproductive processes. We report the effects of ethanol intake and melatonin treatment (at doses of 100 μg/100 g BW/day) on sex hormones and steroid receptors in the ovaries, oviducts and uteri of ethanol-preferring rats. After 150 days of treatment, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were harvested to evaluate androgen, estrogen, progesterone and melatonin receptor subunits (AR, ER-α and ER-β, PRA, PRB and MT1R, respectively). Melatonin decreased estradiol (E2) and increased progesterone (P4) and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-STM), while an ethanol-melatonin combination reduced both P4 and E2. Ovarian AR was not influenced by either treatment, and oviduct AR was reduced after ethanol-melatonin combination. Oviduct ER-α, ER-β and uterine ER-β were down-regulated by either ethanol or melatonin. Conversely, ovarian PRA and PRB were positively regulated by ethanol and ethanol-melatonin combination, whereas PRA was down-regulated in the uterus and oviduct after ethanol consumption. MT1R was increased in ovaries and uteri of melatonin-treated rats. Ethanol and melatonin exert opposite effects on E2 and P4, and they differentially regulate the expression of sex steroid receptors in female reproductive tissues.
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16
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Venegas C, García JA, Doerrier C, Volt H, Escames G, López LC, Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Analysis of the daily changes of melatonin receptors in the rat liver. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:313-21. [PMID: 23110416 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin membrane (MT1 and MT2) and nuclear (RORα) receptors have been identified in several mammalian tissues, including the liver. The mechanisms regulating hepatic melatonin receptors are yet unknown. This study investigated whether these receptors exhibit daily changes and the effects of melatonin on their levels. Our results show that mRNAs for MT1/MT2 receptors exhibit circadian rhythms that were followed by rhythms in their respective protein levels; the acrophases for the two rhythms were reached at 04:00 and 05:00 hr, respectively. Pinealectomy blunted the rhythms in both mRNAs and protein levels. In contrast, mRNA and protein levels of nuclear receptor RORα increased significantly after pinealectomy. The cycles of the latter receptor also exhibited circadian rhythms which peaked at 03:00 and 03:45 hr, respectively. Melatonin administration (10-200 mg/kg) increased in a dose-dependent manner the protein content of MT1/MT2 receptors, with no effects on RORα. Lunzindole treatment, however, did not affect melatonin receptor expression or content of either the membrane or nuclear receptors. Together with previously published findings which demonstrated the intracellular distribution of melatonin in rat liver, the current results support the conclusion that the circadian rhythms of MT1/MT2 and RORα receptors are under the control of the serum and intracellular melatonin levels. Moreover, the induction of MT1/MT2 receptors after the administration of high doses of melatonin further suggests that the therapeutic value of melatonin may not be restricted to only low doses of the indoleamine.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Circadian Rhythm
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/analysis
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Pineal Gland/surgery
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Venegas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
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17
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Slominski RM, Reiter RJ, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Ostrom RS, Slominski AT. Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: distribution and functions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:152-66. [PMID: 22245784 PMCID: PMC3288509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many of melatonin's actions are mediated through interaction with the G-protein coupled membrane bound melatonin receptors type 1 and type 2 (MT1 and MT2, respectively) or, indirectly with nuclear orphan receptors from the RORα/RZR family. Melatonin also binds to the quinone reductase II enzyme, previously defined the MT3 receptor. Melatonin receptors are widely distributed in the body; herein we summarize their expression and actions in non-neural tissues. Several controversies still exist regarding, for example, whether melatonin binds the RORα/RZR family. Studies of the peripheral distribution of melatonin receptors are important since they are attractive targets for immunomodulation, regulation of endocrine, reproductive and cardiovascular functions, modulation of skin pigmentation, hair growth, cancerogenesis, and aging. Melatonin receptor agonists and antagonists have an exciting future since they could define multiple mechanisms by which melatonin modulates the complexity of such a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Rennolds S. Ostrom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 5000, Memphis, TN 38163, United States. Tel.: +1 901 448 3741. (A.T. Slominski)
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18
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Posadas ES, Meliska CJ, Martinez LF, Sorenson DL, Lopez AM, Nowakowski S, Hauger R, Parry BL. The relationship of nocturnal melatonin to estradiol and progesterone in depressed and healthy pregnant women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 21:649-55. [PMID: 22320439 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between nocturnal plasma melatonin and serum estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) levels in depressed pregnant women (DW) and matched healthy women (HW). METHODS We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analyses on data obtained from pregnant HW and DW. RESULTS Log E(2) and log P(4) were positively correlated with measures of melatonin quantity in HW (p<0.05) but not DW, controlling for age. Log E(2) and log P(4) were positively correlated with melatonin offset and duration in DW (p<0.01) but not HW. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant DW may be less sensitive than HW to modulation of melatonin secretion by E(2) and P(4). That melatonin timing measures are more sensitive to E(2) and P(4) variation in DW may reflect a circadian system more attuned to the need for realignment in DW than in HW. These altered sensitivities to reproductive hormones may reflect a biologic vulnerability that predisposes some pregnant women to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson S Posadas
- The Center for Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA
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19
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A Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF, Fávaro WJ, Teixeira GR, Amorim JPA, Mendes LO, Fioruci BA, Pinheiro PFF, Fernandes AAH, Franci JAA, Delella FK, Martinez M, Martinez FE. Melatonin reduces LH, 17 beta-estradiol and induces differential regulation of sex steroid receptors in reproductive tissues during rat ovulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:108. [PMID: 21810236 PMCID: PMC3161940 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is associated with direct or indirect actions upon female reproductive function. However, its effects on sex hormones and steroid receptors during ovulation are not clearly defined. This study aimed to verify whether exposure to long-term melatonin is able to cause reproductive hormonal disturbances as well as their role on sex steroid receptors in the rat ovary, oviduct and uterus during ovulation. METHODS Twenty-four adult Wistar rats, 60 days old (+/-250 g) were randomly divided into two groups. Control group (Co): received 0.9% NaCl 0.3 mL+95% ethanol 0.04 mL as vehicle; Melatonin-treated group (MEL): received vehicle+melatonin [100 μg/100 g BW/day] both intraperitoneally during 60 days. All animals were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus at 4 a.m. RESULTS Melatonin significantly reduced the plasma levels of LH and 17 beta-estradiol, while urinary 6-sulfatoximelatonin (STM) was increased at the morning estrus. In addition, melatonin promoted differential regulation of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR) and melatonin receptor (MTR) along the reproductive tissues. In ovary, melatonin induced a down-regulation of ER-alpha and PRB levels. Conversely, it was observed that PRA and MT1R were up-regulated. In oviduct, AR and ER-alpha levels were down-regulated, in contrast to high expression of both PRA and PRB. Finally, the ER-beta and PRB levels were down-regulated in uterus tissue and only MT1R was up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that melatonin partially suppress the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, in addition, it induces differential regulation of sex steroid receptors in the ovary, oviduct and uterus during ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo A Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-863, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio RF Seiva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - João PA Amorim
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-863, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O Mendes
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-863, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Fioruci
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-863, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Angélica H Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Janete AA Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-863, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos-SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Francisco E Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Bioscience Institute, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 18618-000, Brazil
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20
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Koc O, Gunduz B, Topcuoglu A, Bugdayci G, Yilmaz F, Duran B. Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin supplementation on endometrial explants in a rat model. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 153:72-6. [PMID: 20667645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of pinealectomy on endometrial explants in rats and evaluate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat endometriosis model. STUDY DESIGN Rats with experimentally induced endometriosis were randomly divided into three groups after second-look laparotomies. Group 1 (pinealectomy, n = 8) and Group 2 (pinealectomy+melatonin, n = 8) underwent pinealectomies after the second-look laparotomies. Group 3 was presented as control group (vehicle solution+without pinealectomy (n = 6)). Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally for 4 weeks in Group 2, whereas an equal volume of vehicle solution was given to Groups 1 and 3. Evaluation of the volume of the endometrial explants, histopathological examination and preservation of explant epitheliums according to the scoring system were undertaken. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in spherical explant volumes of Group 1 compared to Groups 2 and 3. In Group 1, the level of MDA was significantly higher and SOD and CAT activity was significantly lower compared to Groups 2 and 3. A statistically significant increase in the epithelial lining scores of explants was noted in Group 1 compared to Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION The effects of pinealectomy on the progression of endometriosis explants were reversed by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Koc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy, Bolu, Turkey.
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21
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Maganhin CC, Simões RS, Fuchs LFP, Oliveira-Filho RM, Simões MDJ, Evêncio Neto J, Baracat EC, Soares Júnior JM. Rat pinealectomy: a modified direct visual approach. Acta Cir Bras 2009; 24:321-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502009000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report a new, direct visual approach for rat pinealectomy. METHODS: Eighty adult female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus EPM-1 strain) were weighted and anesthetized intraperitoneally with 15 mg/kg xylazine and 30 mg/kg ketamine. The animal was fastened to a dissection table, an incision was made in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, bringing the lambda into view. The skullcap was opened with a dental drill, bringing the cerebral hemispheres and the superior sagittal sinus into view. The pineal gland, located under the venous sinus, was removed in a single piece using tweezers. Next, the bone fragment was returned to its place and the surgical layers were sutured. RESULTS: This new technique is easy to be done, avoids bleedings and removes only the pineal gland without damage to the remaining encephalon. In addition it makes possible the achievement of a sham surgery, allowing the pineal gland to remain intact. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique intends to facilitate studies aiming to better understanding the complexity and importance of the pineal gland on reproductive and other body systems.
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22
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Chattoraj A, Seth M, Maitra SK. Localization and dynamics of Mel(1a) melatonin receptor in the ovary of carp Catla catla in relation to serum melatonin levels. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 152:327-33. [PMID: 19068233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the localization, sub-cellular distribution and daily rhythms of a 37 kDa melatonin receptor (Mel(1a)R) in the ovary to assess its temporal relationship with the serum melatonin levels in four different reproductive phases in carp Catla catla. Our immunocytochemical study accompanied by Western blot analysis of Mel(1a)R in the ovary revealed that the expression of this 37-kDa protein was greater in the membrane fraction than in the cytosol. Ovarian Mel(1a)R protein peaked at midnight and fell at midday in each reproductive phase. Conversely, serum melatonin levels in the same fish demonstrated a minimum diurnal value at midday in all seasons, but a peak at midnight (during pre-spawning, spawning, and post-spawning phases) or at late dark phase (during preparatory phase). In an annual cycle, band intensity of Mel(1a)R protein showed a maximum at night in the spawning phase and a minimum in the post-spawning phase, demonstrating an inverse relationship with the levels of serum melatonin. Our data provide first evidence of the presence of Mel(1a) melatonin receptor in carp ovary and offer interesting perspectives especially for the study of the mechanisms of the control of its rhythmicity and its response to external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamanja Chattoraj
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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23
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Paul S, Sharma AV, Mahapatra PD, Bhattacharya P, Reiter RJ, Swarnakar S. Role of melatonin in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 via tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 during protection against endometriosis. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:439-49. [PMID: 18298469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease of women and plausibly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, mechanisms of alterations in MMPs during endometriosis remain unclear. Human endometriotic tissues possessing varying degrees of severity were examined for expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. In addition, endometriosis was generated in mice and endometriotic tissues were tested for MMP-9 activity. Results show significant upregulation of secreted and synthesized proMMP-9 activity with duration and severity of endometriosis. Along with upregulation of activity, the expression of proMMP-9 was found increased while TIMP-1 expression followed an inverse trend. The effect of melatonin, a major secretory product of the pineal gland, on endometriosis was examined in preventive and therapeutic models in mice. The results show that melatonin arrested lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and downregulated proMMP-9 activity and expression in a time and dose-dependent manner while protecting and regressing peritoneal endometriosis. Moreover, the attenuated activity and expression of proMMP-9 were associated with subsequent elevation in the expression of TIMP-1. Our study reveals for the first time the role of melatonin in arresting peritoneal endometriosis in mice and a novel marker, expression ratio of proMMP-9 versus TIMP-1, was identified for assessing severity and progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Paul
- Department of Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Effect of exogenous melatonin on the ovary, the embryo and the establishment of pregnancy in sheep. Animal 2008; 2:399-404. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dair EL, Simoes RS, Simões MJ, Romeu LRG, Oliveira-Filho RM, Haidar MA, Baracat EC, Soares JM. Effects of melatonin on the endometrial morphology and embryo implantation in rats. Fertil Steril 2007; 89:1299-305. [PMID: 17561006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of melatonin on rat endometrium morphology and embryo implantation. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. ANIMAL(S) Forty female rats. INTERVENTION(S) GI: control, GII: sham-operated, GIII: pinealectomized, and GIV: pinealectomized rats that received melatonin during 3 months. The GI, GII, and GIII groups received the vehicle of melatonin (NaCl + ethanol). At the end of the treatment, the animals were killed during the estrous phase; the uterus was removed for morphometric analysis. Urine was collected for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. Blood was collected for estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) level determinations. In a second experiment, female rats were used to evaluate the endometrial embryo implantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometrial morphology and embryo implantation. RESULT(S) GIII presented the highest values for endometrial area and thickness index, number of endometrial glands, and eosinophils. The number of vessels of groups I, II, and IV was fewer than that of GIII. The highest number of eosinophils was detected in GIII in comparison to other groups. The implantation rate in GIII was the lowest of all groups. This implantation rate was significantly increased and restored toward normal in GIV. CONCLUSION(S) Our data suggested that, in nonphotoperiodic animals such as rats, melatonin may positively affect the endometrial morphology and improve embryo implantation.
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