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Kongsomjit M, Punyanirun K, Tasachan W, Hamba H, Tagami J, Trairatvorakul C, Thanyasrisung P. Material of choice for non-invasive treatment of dentin caries: An in vitro study using natural carious lesions. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:689-695. [PMID: 37746821 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In community settings with limited dental personnel and equipment, and in an era when the aerosol transmission of infectious agents is on the rise, a non-invasive approach to caries management is critical. To provide information on non-invasive material selection, the aim of this study was to compare the remineralization effect of commonly used fluoride-containing materials, adjunctive to the everyday use of fluoride toothpaste (F-toothpaste), on primary tooth natural dentin caries. METHODS Fifty-five specimens were randomly divided into five groups: 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), 5% fluoride varnish (F-varnish), glass-ionomer cement (GIC), deionized water (DW) with F-toothpaste slurry, and DW as a control group (n = 11). The lesion depth and mineral density were measured before and after bacterial pH-cycling using micro-computed tomography. The percentage of mineral density change (%MDchange) was quantified. The dependent t-test, Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank Test, and one way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used to analyse the data. RESULTS SDF application reduced lesion depth from 844.6 to 759.1 μm (p < 0.045) while increasing mineral density from 551.4 to 763.0 mgHA/cm3 (p < 0.003). Only mineral density rose from 600.2 to 678.4 mgHA/cm3 (p < 0.013) when GIC was used. The other groups showed no difference. The highest %MDchange was also found after SDF treatment (49.7%, p < 0.05), whereas GIC (17.2%, p < 0.05) presented a higher percentage than the F-varnish (2.0%), F-toothpaste (-1.1%) and no-treatment groups (-1.4%). CONCLUSION In this in vitro study, where the pH of cycling was almost neutral, using SDF as an adjunct to F-toothpaste resulted in the highest remineralization compared with other remineralizing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneekarn Kongsomjit
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wacharaporn Tasachan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Trairatvorakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Thanyasrisung
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kataoka T, Liu Z, Yamada I, Galindo TGP, Tagaya M. Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6805-6826. [PMID: 38919049 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This review completely covers the various aspects of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and their role in different biological situations, and provides the surface and interface contents on (i) hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their hybridization with organic molecules, (ii) surface designing of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to provide their biocompatibility and photofunction, and (iii) coating technology of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. In particular, we summarized how the HAp nanoparticles interact with the different ions and molecules and highlighted the potential for hybridization between HAp nanoparticles and organic molecules, which is driven by the interactions of the HAp nanoparticle surface ions with several functional groups of biological molecules. In addition, we highlighted the studies focusing on the interfacial interactions between the HAp nanoparticles and proteins for exploring the enhanced biocompatibility. Such studies focus on how these interactions affect the hydration layers and protein adsorption. However, the hydration layer state involves diverse molecular interactions that can alter the shape of the adsorbed proteins, thereby affecting cell adhesion and spreading on the surfaces. We also summarized the relationship between the surface properties of the HAp nanoparticles and the hydration layer. Furthermore, we spotlighted the cytocompatible photoluminescent probes that can be developed by designing HAp/organic nanohybrid structures. We then emphasized the importance of photofunctionalization in theranostics, which involves the integration of diagnostics and therapy based on the surface design of the HAp nanoparticles. Furthermore, the coating techniques using HAp nanoparticles and HAp nanoparticle/polymer composites were outlined for fusing base biomaterials with biological tissues. The advantages of HAp/biocompatible polymer composite coatings include the ability to effectively cover porous or irregularly shaped surfaces while controlling the thickness of the coating layer, and the addition of HAp nanoparticles to the polymer matrix improves the mechanical properties, increases the roughness, and forms the morphologies that mimic bone nanostructures. Therefore, the fundamental design of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their surfaces was suggested from various aspects for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kataoka
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zizhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Iori Yamada
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Tania Guadalupe Peñaflor Galindo
- Department of General Education, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
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Hashemipour MA, Zeyghami Z, Rajaee H. Knowledge and practices of Iranian students (13-16 age) regarding the use of fluoride toothpaste. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:747. [PMID: 38943104 PMCID: PMC11212193 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluoride is the main factor in reducing the prevalence of caries worldwide. However, there is insufficient knowledge about whether people in different age groups are aware of the benefits of fluoride toothpaste, as well as about people's daily oral care habits and whether they use fluoride. The purpose of this research is to investigate the knowledge and performance of Iranian students regarding the use of toothpaste containing fluoride. METHOD This study was conducted on the first- and second-year high school students of Kerman city. Questionnaires containing personal questions, general questions, and questions related to students' knowledge and performance regarding the use of fluoride toothpaste were provided to them and then they were asked to complete and submit it. The results obtained from the survey were analyzed by T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-Square test in SPSS Version 24. The significance level in data analysis was P < 0.05. RESULTS In this research, 681 forms including 252 boys and 429 girls were examined. The average age of the participants was 14.1 ± 0.4. 91.2% declared that they use toothpaste and 77.8% of them used toothpaste containing fluoride. 521 people stated that the price of toothpaste is important in using the type of toothpaste. 621 people used regular toothbrush and 609 people evaluated their oral health as good. 621 of the participants stated that toothpaste makes the mouth healthy. The average knowledge score was 16.7 ± 2.1 out of 24, which indicates the average knowledge of students in this field. CONCLUSION This study showed that students' knowledge and performance about using fluoride-containing toothpaste is average. There was no significant relationship between performance and knowledge with age and gender. There was also a positive correlation between knowledge and performance indicating that increasing knowledge leads to an increase in behavioral changes. Also, there was a positive correlation between knowledge and performance, and a correlation coefficient of 0.731 was obtained between knowledge and performance. It shows that increasing knowledge leads to increasing behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Zeyghami
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Halle Rajaee
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Aydın N, Süloğlu AK, İdil N, Öztürk S, Karaoğlanoğlu S. Examination of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect of whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:327-333. [PMID: 38801222 PMCID: PMC11302491 DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toothpastes are widely used to protect oral and teeth health. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of whitening toothpastes. METHODS In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Aydın
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan İdil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. s
| | - Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Weiss S, Tinsky N, Oren L, Chodick G, Spierer S, Yarom N, Ashkenazi M. Effect of prolonged hospitalization on the maintenance of oral health: A self-report survey. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38575751 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the effect of prolonged hospitalization on the maintenance of dental health and to assess the nursing staff's approach to addressing these concerns. METHODS A survey questionnaire explored changes in the routine dental care of patients hospitalized for over a month. The involvement of nursing staff in addressing dental care was also evaluated. RESULTS Fifty adult patients aged 18-89 years (mean age 62.4 ± 20.54 years), 27 (54%) males, completed the survey. During hospitalization (mean 58.59 ± 38.63 days) 26% and 18%, increased consumption of sweets and sugary beverages, between meals, respectively; 26% and 20% of the patients reduced the frequency of tooth brushing in the morning and in the evening, respectively, and 42.2% of them, reduced the quality of their toothbrushing during hospitalization. Nevertheless, 95.9% and 93.9% of them were never instructed during hospitalization to limit their consumption of sweets and sugary beverages and 83.3% and 62.5% of them had never been reminded or offered assistance during hospitalization in performing toothbrushing, respectively. The lower frequency of morning toothbrushing was significantly correlated with a lack of nurses' assistance (p = 0.004). In contrast, 62.6% reported they were reminded every day to shower. Patients in the rehabilitation and geriatrics departments reported a greater need for a brush/toothpaste (p < 0.0001) and assistance in toothbrushing (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged hospitalization leads to significant deterioration in inpatients' dental health maintenance. Raising awareness among nurses regarding their inpatient's oral health maintenance is warranted. Providing patients with toothbrushes, toothpaste and educational materials upon hospitalization is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liat Oren
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gabi Chodick
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Noam Yarom
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Ullah R, Iqbal SK, Zafar MS. The urgency of cautious prescription for fluoride toothpaste: Recommendations for the stakeholders. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:133-135. [PMID: 38021218 PMCID: PMC10630108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Oral Biology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed K. Iqbal
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Limacher S, Angst L, Srinivasan M. Amount of toothpaste used by dental students. J Oral Sci 2023; 65:214-218. [PMID: 37612066 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed associations of cumulative learning, demographic characteristics, fluoride content, and toothbrush head size with the amount of toothpaste used by dental students. METHODS Students in the third and fifth year of dental school were recruited. Each participant was asked to dispense three toothpastes (pediatric, regular fluoride, and high fluoride) on five toothbrushes (rotation-oscillation, sonic, manual pediatric, and two manual adult toothbrushes). The length and weight of the toothpaste dispensed were recorded. The data were evaluated by nonparametric correlation analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS Eighty-one students (third year = 42; fifth year = 39; mean age: 26.2 ± 5.3 years) participated in the study. More toothpaste was dispensed by third-year students than by fifth-year students (weight: P = 0.014; length: P = 0.037). Men dispensed more toothpaste than did women (weight: P < 0.001; length: P = 0.042). Participants with higher educational attainment dispensed less toothpaste (weight: P < 0.001; length: P < 0.001). The type of toothbrush was associated with the weight of toothpaste dispensed (P < 0.001). Toothbrush head size was inversely associated with the length of toothpaste dispensed (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The amount of toothpaste used by dental students was associated with cumulative learning, educational attainment, sex, and toothbrush head size but not with the fluoride content of the toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekev Limacher
- Clinic for General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Lea Angst
- Clinic for General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic for General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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Puizina Mladinic E, Puizina J, Gavic L, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092206. [PMID: 36140304 PMCID: PMC9496030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +385-21557624
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Chai Y, Zhou Y, Tagaya M. Rubbing-Assisted Approach for Fabricating Oriented Nanobiomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1358. [PMID: 36014280 PMCID: PMC9414502 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly-oriented structures in biological tissues play an important role in determining the functions of the tissues. In order to artificially fabricate oriented nanostructures similar to biological tissues, it is necessary to understand the oriented mechanism and invent the techniques for controlling the oriented structure of nanobiomaterials. In this review, the oriented structures in biological tissues were reviewed and the techniques for producing highly-oriented nanobiomaterials by imitating the oriented organic/inorganic nanocomposite mechanism of the biological tissues were summarized. In particular, we introduce a fabrication technology for the highly-oriented structure of nanobiomaterials on the surface of a rubbed polyimide film that has physicochemical anisotropy in order to further form the highly-oriented organic/inorganic nanocomposite structures based on interface interaction. This is an effective technology to fabricate one-directional nanobiomaterials by a biomimetic process, indicating the potential for wide application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Chai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC), 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
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Roberts JM, Bradshaw DJ, Lynch RJM, Higham SM, Valappil SP. The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258881. [PMID: 34669730 PMCID: PMC8528329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the link between starch intake and caries incidence is conflicting, therefore the cariogenicity of starch compared with sucrose was explored using a dual Constant Depth Film Fermenter (dCDFF) biotic model system. Bovine enamel discs were used as a substrate and the dCDFF was inoculated using human saliva. CDFF units were supplemented with artificial saliva growth media at a constant rate to mimic resting salivary flow rate over 14 days. The CDFF units were exposed to different conditions, 2% sucrose or 2% starch 8 times daily and either no additional fluoride or 1450 ppm F- twice daily. Bovine enamel discs were removed at intervals (days 3, 7, 10 and 14) for bacterial enumeration and enamel analysis using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). Results showed that in the absence of fluoride there was generally no difference in mineral loss between enamel exposed to either sucrose or starch when analysed using TMR and QLF (P > 0.05). In the presence of fluoride by day 14 there was significantly more mineral loss under starch than sucrose when analysed with TMR (P < 0.05). It was confirmed that starch and sucrose are similarly cariogenic within the dCDFF in the absence of fluoride. With the aid of salivary amylase, the bacteria utilise starch to produce an acidic environment similar to that of bacteria exposed to sucrose only. In the presence of fluoride, starch was more cariogenic which may be due to the bacteria producing a more hydrophobic intercellular matrix lowering the penetration of fluoride through the biofilm. This is significant as it indicates that the focus on sugars being the primary cause of caries may need re-evaluating and an increase in focus on carbohydrates is needed as they may be similarly cariogenic as sugars if not more so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Roberts
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J. M. Lynch
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Higham
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sabeel P. Valappil
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Gupta A, Gallagher JE, Chestnutt IG, Godson J. Formulation and fluoride content of dentifrices: a review of current patterns. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-3424-y. [PMID: 34552213 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Consumer oral hygiene products play a key role in improving and maintaining population oral health. The oral personal care market is rapidly diversifying; a growing number of dentifrices marketed a 'natural' and fluoride-free are entering mainstream retailers, which may have implications for the oral health of the population 'with regards to caries risk.Aims To investigate the range of fluoride concentrations, flavour formulations and delivery mechanisms of dentifrices available on the UK market.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to catalogue dentifrices sold in a range of supermarkets, high-street pharmacy and health chains, and specialist online retailers. In addition, a standard search engine was used to examine dentifrice brands being sold in the UK. The fluoride content was recorded as parts per million (ppm) and the product name data were analysed for key terms using Microsoft Excel. Excluded from the survey were mouthwashes, rinses and non-dentifrice whitening products.Results Five hundred different toothpaste, tooth powder and tablet products from 95 different brands were recorded. Sixty percent of these contained a fluoride concentration of 1,000 ppm or above. Forty-five percent of all products had the recommended adult concentration of at least 1,350 ppm. Almost one-third (31%) contained no fluoride and 4% of products did not specify the absence, presence or concentration of fluoride.Conclusions This study has quantified and confirmed the increasingly diverse range of dentifrices for sale in the UK. A large number of fluoride-free products exist within a growing 'natural' and 'organic market'. The study also gives oral health professionals an insight into the diverse types of products available to consumers in order to appropriately advise patients on caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Gupta
- Dental Core Trainee & Academic Clinical Fellow, University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK; Honorary Research Fellow, University of Bristol, UK; Dental Core Trainee in Dental Public Health, King´s College Hospital Dental Institute, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK; Honorary Research Associate, King´s College London, UK.
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Newland-Pedley Professor of Oral Health Strategy/Honorary Consultant in Dental Public Health, Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ivor G Chestnutt
- Professor and Honorary Consultant, Dental Public Health, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jenny Godson
- National Lead for Oral Health Improvement, Public Health England, UK
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Telatar GY, Bedir F. In Vitro Effects of Fluoride, Hydroxyapatite, and Bromelain-Containing Toothpaste Types on Surface Roughness of Different Restorative Materials. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820987429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To examine the effects of fluoride, hydroxyapatite, and bromelain-containing toothpaste types on the surface roughness of nanohybrid, nanofilled, flowable, and bulk-fill composites; conventional, light-curing, and low-viscosity glass ionomers; and compomers. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 specimens were fabricated using nanohybrid, nanofilled, flowable, and bulk-fill composites; conventional, light-curing, and low-viscosity glass ionomers; and compomers. Each material group was divided into four subgroups ( n = 5) as follows: Control (C), fluoride toothpaste (FT), bromelain toothpaste (BT), and hydroxyapatite toothpaste (HT). Surface roughness values of all specimens were examined using an optical profilometer and a scanning electron microscope at 500, 1,000, and 3,500 magnifications. Results: The highest average roughness value (Ra; µm) was obtained from the conventional glass ionomer material ( P < .001). While the mean Ra value was 0.155±0.116 µm at baseline, it was 0.262±0.203 µm in the fluoride group, 0.237±0.192 µm in the hydroxyapatite group, 0.260±0.293 µm in the bromelain group, and 0.198± 0.187 µm in the control group ( P < .001). Conclusion: We have found that brushing with various types of toothpaste containing fluoride, bromelain, and hydroxyapatite may not result in obtaining different surface roughness values from different types of restorative materials. Differences in surface roughness values of restorative materials may be found at different magnifications under scanning electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Yıldız Telatar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Fatih Bedir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Chaudhary NK, Guragain B, Lamichhane-Khadka R, Bhattarai A. Solution properties and comparative antimicrobial efficacy study of different brands of toothpaste of Nepal. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste formulations in giving total protection to the oral cavity. So, three important solution properties: surface tension, conductivity, and pH measurements, have been investigated for eight kinds of commercial herbal and non-herbal based toothpaste of Nepal. The study was extended to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of toothpaste formulations against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), and this was done by standard agar well diffusion technique. Amikacin (30 μg/disk) was used as a positive control to compare the antibacterial potency of the investigated toothpaste.
Results
The surface tension of all toothpaste formulations increased with the decrease in concentration. However, the conductivity of the formulations decreased with the decrease in concentration. The highest pH of 8.24 was recorded for Dabur Super Salt (DSS) and all values were found to be higher in tap water solutions. All toothpaste formulations showed significant growth inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. The overall antibacterial sensitivity of Dabur Red (DR) is higher for S. aureus. The solid material content was found to be highest for Dabur Herbal Gel (DHG) and lowest for Pepsodent (PD).
Conclusion
The findings of the present study showed all toothpaste formulations as effective in inhibiting the growth of tested bacterial species. Toothpaste formulations were found slightly alkaline, which favors bacterial growth inhibition. Increasing surface tension and decreasing conductivity value of toothpaste relative to a decrease in concentration favor its desirable cleansing action.
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Ishizuka Y, Lehrkinder A, Nordström A, Lingström P. Effect of Different Toothbrushing Routines on Interproximal Fluoride Concentration. Caries Res 2020; 54:343-349. [PMID: 33027798 DOI: 10.1159/000510181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different toothbrushing routines and different kinds of toothpaste on the interproximal fluoride concentration after toothbrushing and its clinical relevance to the recommendations given to patients regarding the process of toothbrushing. Eight adults participated a total of 8 times in order to test different toothbrushing routines with different amounts of toothpaste (1 or 2 cm), durations (1 or 2 min) and amounts of water after toothbrushing (10 or 20 mL). An additional 8 adults participated 6 times in total to test different forms of toothpaste administration (paste, gel and foam) with different amounts of water after toothbrushing (no rinsing or 10 mL). Interdental saliva samples were collected from proximal sites 25/26 and 46/45 using small paper points, before and up to 60 min after toothbrushing. The fluoride concentration was measured by an ion-specific electrode. The area under the curve, saliva fluoride concentration versus time, was calculated. Differences between the groups were tested by ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. An increase in fluoride concentration of 47.2% was observed when the amount of toothpaste increased from 1 to 2 cm (p < 0.01), 26.8% when increasing the duration from 1 to 2 min (p < 0.01) and 41.2% when reducing the amount of water rinsing from 20 to 10 mL (p < 0.01). The paste and gel resulted in higher fluoride concentration (p < 0.01) compared with foam. These findings suggest that the amount of toothpaste, the duration and the amount of water have a significant effect on fluoride concentration after toothbrushing. Furthermore, despite the lower amount of fluoride, the gel gives almost the same fluoride concentration after toothbrushing as the toothpaste. The results confirm the importance of giving clear advice to patients regarding the process of toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ishizuka
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Anna Lehrkinder
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shanmugapriya R, Arunmozhi U, Kadhiresan R, Sabitha S, Anirudhya R, Sujatha G. Comparison of antiplaque effectiveness of herbal toothpaste: A randomized triple-blinded cross-over clinical trial. Ayu 2020; 40:109-113. [PMID: 32398911 PMCID: PMC7210816 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_185_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleansing the teeth with a toothbrush and paste is an indubitable mechanical plaque control method practiced by almost everyone. Eliminating dental plaque is an essential, fundamental and mandatory step to prevent the occurrence of periodontal diseases that are rife globally. The aim of the present study is to compare the antiplaque effectiveness of a prepared herbal and commercially available dentifrice. Materials and Methods Thirty healthy individuals within the age group of 18-25 years were recruited to participate in the study. After achieving induced gingivitis and measuring plaque levels using Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein Plaque index in all the subjects, they were randomly divided into test arms A and B. Commercial dentifrice was distributed to one group, whereas the other group received prepared herbal dentifrice. Supervised brushing was carried out for 5 min, and plaque amounts after brushing were noted. After a washout period of 1 week, the same steps were repeated as per the cross-over study protocol. Unpaired t-test and paired t-tests were employed with P < 0.05. Results Both the toothpastes show the difference in plaque scores immediately after brushing when compared to baseline and was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The mean plaque scores of commercial dentifrice (1.93 ± 1.52) were less than that of the prepared herbal dentifrice (2.35 ± 1.39) after brushing. Conclusion The prepared herbal dentifrice had good antiplaque action. However, the plaque inhibitory action of self-prepared herbal toothpaste was marginally less when compared to commercial dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamurthy Shanmugapriya
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arunmozhi
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathinasamy Kadhiresan
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudarsan Sabitha
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravikumar Anirudhya
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindarajan Sujatha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Cosmetics" really comes from its utilization in Ancient Rome. They were commonly delivered by female slaves known as "cosmetae," which is the place "cosmetics" originated from. Cosmetics are utilized to upgrade appearance. Makeup has been around for a long time. The primary known individuals who utilized cosmetics to upgrade their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was simply basic eye shading or some material for the body. Presently a-days makeup assumes an imperative job for the two men and women. In developmental brain science, social challenge of appearance reinforces women's wants for perfect beauty. As indicated by "The Origin of Species", people have developed to exchange qualities to future ages through sexual determination that respects the body state of perfect beauty as astounding richness. Also, since women's beauty has as of late been viewed as an upper hand to make social power, a body that satisfies the social guidelines of a culture could accomplish restricted social assets. It's hard to believe, but it’s true, even men have turned out to be more beauty cognizant and are worried about their looks. Cosmetics can be delivered in the natural and hypoallergenic structure to fulfill the needs of clients. Makeup is utilized as a beauty help to help develop the self-esteem and certainty of a person. The significance of cosmetics has expanded the same number of individuals need to remain youthful and alluring. Cosmetics are promptly accessible today as creams, lipstick, scents, eye shadows, nail shines, hair showers and so forth. Different cosmetics like face powder offer gleam to the skin subsequent to applying the base cream. At that point we have lipsticks, which are connected by numerous women all things considered. They are produced using wax and cocoa butter in the ideal sum. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are utilized consistently by the two women and men. Creams go about as a chemical for the face as a rule. All the more as of late enemy of maturing creams have been made which can hold more youthful looking skin for a long time. The best cleansing specialists are cleansing cream, cleanser and water. Cosmetic creams fill in as skin sustenance for hard, dry and dry skin. It fundamentally greases up, diminishes and expels undesirable earth from the skin. Some famous fat creams that are utilized incorporate Vaseline and Lanolin. Dry creams are utilized in the assembling of cleanser and gelatin which is utilized as a base for the skin. Hair care has turned out to be one of the quickest creating markets in the beauty business. Numerous young fellows swing to oils and gels to keep up and style their hair. Items like hair gels, oils, and moisturizers have been acquainted in the market with assistance ensure hair fall and dandruff. A few callings, similar to the entertainment biz industry, center on the significance of the external appearance. Numerous identities and craftsmen have used makeup to beat the brutal lights and the glare of camera flashes. They know the significance of their looks and keep up them by utilizing an assortment of cosmetics. Their appearance is their most profitable resource and they accept each undertaking to show up as the fans need them to show up. Late research has demonstrated that makeup helps in assurance from destructive beams of the sun. Numerous beauty items producers have used the necessities of individuals to shield themselves and their skin from the beams of the sun. This is an extraordinary achievement on the grounds that prior make up and sun assurance could not mix together. Today Cosmetics help to upgrade our appearance and make us feel increasingly certain. With more cosmetics available today than any other time in recent memory, it ends up clear to us that they assume an extraordinary job in our regular daily existence (Figure 1).
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van der Sluijs E, Slot DE, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, van der Weijden GA. Dry brushing: Does it improve plaque removal? A secondary analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2018; 16:519-526. [PMID: 30047211 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article is a secondary analysis comparing the effects on plaque removal of brushing with a dry toothbrush and brushing with a prewetted toothbrush. METHODS The participants had been included in two previous experiments involving single-brushing exercises. The 46 non-dental participants were systemically healthy and ≥18 years of age. In the first experiment, the control intervention was brushing with a prewetted toothbrush, while during the second experiment it was brushing with a dry toothbrush. Both experiments scored plaque before and after the brushing exercises and assessed participants' perception. The data of these two previous experiments were compared in this secondary analysis. RESULTS Plaque score reduction following brushing with a dry toothbrush was 58%, while with a prewetted toothbrush, it was 57%. The mean plaque index score reduction of 0.08 between a dry and a prewetted toothbrush was not significant (P = .096). Prewetting the participants' toothbrush had no influence on the perception of toothbrush filament stiffness (P = .410) nor on the perception of cleaning capability (P = .449). In both experiments, brushing without dentifrice was judged to be unpleasant. CONCLUSION On average, following a 2-minute brushing exercise, plaque scored were reduced by 57% or more. Dry brushing did not contribute significantly to toothbrush efficacy. The participants did not find that prewetting a toothbrush influenced the cleaning capability and filament stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van der Sluijs
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N L Hennequin-Hoenderdos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effect of sodium fluoride on oral biofilm microbiota and enamel demineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:77-83. [PMID: 29482049 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluoride is widely used as an anti-caries agent, e.g. in toothpastes and mouth rinses. However, the nature of the anti-caries action is not entirely clear. Mechanisms suspected to explain the cariostatic effect include inhibitory effects on acid formation by bacteria, inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralizaton or combination thereof. The aim of this study was to examine with the supragingival Zurich in vitro biofilm model the effect of fluoride in NaF formulation, on the microbiota and on demineralization. METHODS Biofilms consisting of Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar and Streptococcus sobrinus, were grown anaerobically on sintered hydroxyapatite or bovine enamel disks, exposed to 200, 400, and 1400 ppm of NaF, or 0.1% chlorhexidine (positive control). The biofilms were harvested after 64 h and CFUs were assessed for total bacteria. Demineralization of enamel disks was measured by quantitative light-induced fluorescence. RESULTS NaF did not affect the bacterial numbers. No enamel mineral loss was observed at 1400 and 400 ppm of fluoride, whereas the pH of the surrounding medium was increased to 5.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the untreated control (pH 4.5 and mineral loss ΔF of -32%). At 1400 ppm NaF the biofilm's EPS volume was also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Administration of NaF completely prevented demineralization without affecting biofilm composition and growth. This protective effect may be attributed to the observed decrease in acid production or EPS volume, or to a shift in the de/remineralization balance.
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Conkle JL, Báez Del Valle CD, Turner JW. Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 61:1-8. [PMID: 29043380 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris, specifically microplastic in the aquatic environment, is an escalating environmental crisis. Efforts at national scales to reduce or ban microplastics in personal care products are starting to pay off, but this will not affect those materials already in the environment or those that result from unregulated products and materials. To better inform future microplastic research and mitigation efforts this study (1) evaluates methods currently used to quantify microplastics in the environment and (2) characterizes the concentration and size distribution of microplastics in a variety of products. In this study, 50 published aquatic surveys were reviewed and they demonstrated that most (~80%) only account for plastics ≥ 300 μm in diameter. In addition, we surveyed 770 personal care products to determine the occurrence, concentration and size distribution of polyethylene microbeads. Particle concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 71.9 mg g-1 of product or 1649 to 31,266 particles g-1 of product. The large majority ( > 95%) of particles in products surveyed were less than the 300 μm minimum diameter, indicating that previous environmental surveys could be underestimating microplastic contamination. To account for smaller particles as well as microfibers from synthetic textiles, we strongly recommend that future surveys consider methods that materials < 300 μm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5892, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA.
| | | | - Jeffrey W Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5858, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
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Nordström A, Birkhed D. Attitudes and behavioural factors relating to toothbrushing and the use of fluoride toothpaste among caries-active Swedish adolescents - a questionnaire study. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:483-487. [PMID: 28701058 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1344876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify attitudes and behaviour relating to fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing habits among caries-active Swedish adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study is based on an earlier clinical, two-year toothpaste intervention study. At the last appointment, 206 adolescents (of 211) answered a questionnaire comprising nine semi-closed questions. RESULTS The majority (93%) brushed their teeth every day, while 7% did so only occasionally. Most participants (77%) brushed twice a day, while 12% brushed just once a day. About half of those brushing just once a day forgot to brush in the evening. Similarly, more than half of the adolescents (53%) used 1 cm of toothpaste or less on their toothbrush. Moreover, 49% brushed for less than 2 min, 41% brushed for 2 min and 10% for more than 2 min. The majority (73%) rinsed with water after toothbrushing. A difference between boys and girls was also observed; 87% of the girls brushed twice a day, whereas only 67% of the boys did so and boys more frequently forgot in the evening. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes and behaviour relating to fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing habits among caries-active Swedish adolescents are still inadequate after two years of toothpaste intervention. There are several areas where improvements can be made, such as frequency of brushing, brushing time, amount of toothpaste and post-brushing procedures. The majority (81%) included 'fresh breath' as a reason for performing oral hygiene and this aspect can be used by dental staff in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nordström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dowen Birkhed
- Emeritus Professor at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Takeshita EM, Danelon M, Castro LP, Cunha RF, Delbem ACB. Remineralizing Potential of a Low Fluoride Toothpaste with Sodium Trimetaphosphate: An in situ Study. Caries Res 2016; 50:571-578. [DOI: 10.1159/000449358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a low-fluoride (F) toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel remineralization in situ. Design: Bovine enamel blocks were selected on the basis of their surface hardness (SH) after caries-like lesions had been induced, and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, according to the toothpastes used: without F or TMP (placebo); 500 ppm F; 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP; and 1,100 ppm F. The study design was blinded and crossover and performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Eleven subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks which were treated 3 times per day during 1 min each time, with natural slurries of saliva and toothpaste formed in the oral cavity during toothbrushing. After each phase, the percentages of surface (%SHR) and subsurface hardness recovery (%ΔKHNR) were calculated. F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi) contents in enamel were also determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Results: Toothpaste with 500 ppm F + TMP and 1,100 ppm F showed similar %SHR and %ΔKHNR as well as enamel F, Ca, and Pi concentrations. Conclusion: The addition of TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste promoted a similar remineralizing capacity to that of a standard (1,100 ppm F) toothpaste in situ.
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Hirata E, Danelon M, Freire IR, Delbem ACB. In vitro enamel remineralization by low-fluoride toothpaste with calcium citrate and sodium trimetaphosphate. Braz Dent J 2015; 24:253-7. [PMID: 23969915 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of a low fluoride toothpaste (450 µgF/g, NaF) combined with calcium citrate (Cacit) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel remineralization. Bovine enamel blocks had the enamel surface polished sequentially to determine the surface hardness. After production of artificial carious lesions, the blocks selected by their surface hardness were submitted to remineralization pH cycling and daily treatment with dentifrice suspensions (diluted in deionized water or artificial saliva): placebo, 275, 450, 550 and 1,100 µgF/g and commercial dentifrice (positive control, 1,100 µgF/g). Finally, the surface and cross-section hardness was determined for calculating the change of surface hardness (%SH) and mineral content (%∆Z). Fluoride in enamel was also determined. The data from %SH, %∆Z and fluoride were subjected to two-way analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls's test (p<0.05). The mineral gain (%SH and %∆Z) was higher for toothpastes diluted in saliva (p<0.05), except for the 450 µgF/g dentifrice with Cacit/TMP (p>0.05). The 450 Cacit/TMP toothpaste and the positive control showed similar results (p>0.05) when diluted in water. A dose-response was observed between fluoride concentration in toothpastes and fluoride present in enamel, regardless of dilution. It was concluded that it is possible to enhance the remineralization capacity of low F concentration toothpaste by of organic (Cacit) and inorganic (TMP) compounds with affinity to hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo Hirata
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of West of Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Kiranmayi M, Nirmala SVSG, Nuvvula S. Appraisal of the remineralizing potential of child formula dentifrices on primary teeth: An in vitro pH cycling model. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S81-5. [PMID: 25821382 PMCID: PMC4374326 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the remineralizing potential of child formula dentifrices on primary teeth using an in vitro 7 days pH cycling model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one primary teeth were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce artificial carious lesions; then cut longitudinally into 100-150 μm thick sections and randomly assigned to three groups. Sections in Group A were treated with dentifrice containing 458 ppm monofluorophosphate (MFP) and sections in Group B with 500 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). Group C sections were treated with a nonfluoridated dentifrice. RESULTS Group A (458 ppm MFP) and Group B (500 ppm NaF) showed significant decrease in lesion depth, whereas Group C (non F) showed a significant increase in depth (P ≤ 0.05, paired t-test). CONCLUSION Though dentifrices containing 458 ppm MFP and 500 ppm NaF demonstrated remineralization of carious lesions, it was not complete. Therefore, it is also important to emphasize on other preventive methods in the prevention and/or reversal of carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kiranmayi
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S V S G Nirmala
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Jensen O, Moberg Sköld U, Birkhed D, Gabre P. Self-reported changes in using fluoride toothpaste among older adults in Sweden: an intervention study. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:48-56. [PMID: 25183252 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.949847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of increasing knowledge about the caries-reducing effects of fluoride (F) toothpaste and to increase the use of F toothpaste among older adults through an intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS 63-67-year-olds in Sweden, who 2 years earlier had answered a questionnaire about their knowledge of F toothpaste, toothbrushing and toothpaste habits and who had shown less favourable habits with regard to toothpaste use, were invited to participate. The 20-min intervention, performed at a Public Dental Clinic, was implemented by a dental hygienist (author OJ) and consisted of individual information and instruction on the use of F toothpaste. The questionnaire was repeated 4 months after the intervention and a population in another city in Sweden served as control. RESULTS In the intervention group, 68 individuals responded and 151 in the control group. Knowledge of the benefits of F toothpaste in the intervention group had improved between the times of the first and second questionnaires, but the same effect was also noted in the control group. After the intervention, a clear improvement concerning the use of F toothpaste was reported: the individuals brushed for a longer time, used more toothpaste and used less water during and after brushing. In the control group, there were no changes of habits between the first and second occasions. CONCLUSION Individually-based interventions performed by a dental hygienist had a positive effect on changing the way older adults used F toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Jensen
- Public Dental Service, Västra Götaland Region , Stenungsund , Sweden
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Rubido S, Fernández-Feijoo J, Limeres J, García-Caballero L, Abeleira MT, Diz P. In vivo antiplaque effect of three edible toothpastes. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e88-92. [PMID: 23986022 PMCID: PMC3909439 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyse the antibacterial and antiplaque activity of three edible toothpastes with the widest worldwide distribution: KidScents™, which contains essential oils; Browning B& B™, with medicinal plants; and Wysong Probiodent™, which contains probiotics. STUDY DESIGN The study group was formed of twenty healthy volunteers (dental students) with a good oral health status. Using a balanced randomisation system, all volunteers performed toothbrushing with four products (the three edible toothpastes and water) at intervals of one week. Bacterial vitality in the saliva was analysed by epifluorescence microscopy and plaque regrowth was evaluated using the Turesky-Quigley-Hein plaque index. RESULTS Bacterial vitality in the saliva was significantly higher after toothbrushing with water (positive control) than with the three toothpastes (P=0.002, P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The plaque index was significantly higher after using these three toothpastes than after toothbrushing with water (P=0.047, P=0.032 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The three edible toothpastes analysed have some antimicrobial activity but favour plaque regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rubido
- c/ Entrerríos sn, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
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Srinivasan M, Schimmel M, Riesen M, Ilgner A, Wicht MJ, Warncke M, Ellwood RP, Nitschke I, Müller F, Noack MJ. High-fluoride toothpaste: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 42:333-40. [PMID: 24354454 PMCID: PMC4282025 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this single – blind, multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of a high-fluoride toothpaste on root caries in adults. Methods Adult patients (n = 130, ♂ = 74, ♀ = 56; mean age ± SD: 56.9 ± 12.9) from three participating centers, diagnosed with root caries, were randomly allocated into two groups: Test (n = 64, ♂ = 37, ♀ = 27; lesions = 144; mean age: 59.0 ± 12.1; intervention: high-fluoride toothpaste with 5000 ppm F), and Control (n = 66, ♂ = 37, ♀ = 29; lesions = 160; mean age: 54.8 ± 13.5; intervention: regular-fluoride toothpaste with 1350 ppm F) groups. Clinical examinations and surface hardness scoring of the carious lesions were performed for each subject at specified time intervals (T0 – at baseline before intervention, T1 – at 3 months and T2 – at 6 months after intervention). Mean surface hardness scores (HS) were calculated for each patient. Statistical analyses comprised of two-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni–Dunn correction. Results At T0, there was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to gender (P = 0.0682, unpaired t-test), or age (P = 0.9786, chi-squared test), and for the overall HS (Test group: HS = 3.4 ± 0.61; Control group: HS = 3.4 ± 0.66; P = 0.8757, unpaired t-test). The anova revealed significantly better HS for the test group than for the control groups (T1: Test group: HS = 2.9 ± 0.67; Control group: HS = 3.1 ± 0.75; T2: Test group: HS = 2.4 ± 0.81; Control group: HS = 2.8 ± 0.79; P < 0.0001). However, the interaction term time-point*group was not significant. Conclusions The application of a high-fluoride containing dentifrice (5000 ppm F) in adults, twice daily, significantly improves the surface hardness of otherwise untreated root caries lesions when compared with the use of regular fluoride containing (1350 ppm F) toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Srinivasan
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lynch RJ. The primary and mixed dentition, post-eruptive enamel maturation and dental caries: a review. Int Dent J 2013; 63 Suppl 2:25-30. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Mahaboob Basha P, Saumya SM. Suppression of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and TCA Enzymes in Discrete Brain Regions of Mice Exposed to High Fluoride: Amelioration by Panax ginseng (Ginseng) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba) Extracts. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:453-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nordström A, Birkhed D. Effect of a third application of toothpastes (1450 and 5000 ppm F), including a 'massage' method on fluoride retention and pH drop in plaque. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:50-6. [PMID: 22320714 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate fluoride (F) retention in plaque, saliva and pH drop in plaque using high-F toothpaste (5000 ppm F) or standard toothpaste (1450 ppm F) twice a day or 3-times a day. A method using the toothpaste as a 'lotion' and massaging the buccal surfaces with the fingertip was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The investigation had a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over design and 16 subjects participated in six brushing regimes: (1) 5000 ppm F; twice a day, (2) 5000 ppm; 3-times/day, (3) 5000 ppm; twice a day, plus the 'massage' method once a day, (4) 1450 ppm F; twice a day, (5) 1450 ppm; 3-times/day and (6) 1450 ppm; twice a day, plus the 'massage' method once a day. The outcome measure was F retention in plaque, saliva and the plaque-pH change after a sucrose rinse. RESULTS The highest F concentration was found using high-F toothpaste (No 1-3) and differed significantly from those with 1450 ppm (No 4-6). Brushing with high-F toothpaste 3-times a day (No 2) resulted in a 3.6-times higher F saliva value compared with standard toothpaste twice a day (No 4) (p < 0.001). Increasing the frequency of application, from twice to 3-times a day, increased the F retention in plaque significantly when the two methods for application 3-times a day were pooled (p < 0.05). Brushing with 5000 and 1450 ppm toothpastes twice a day plus the 'massage' once a day resulted in the same F concentration in saliva and plaque as brushing 3-times a day with the same paste. CONCLUSION A third application of toothpaste is increasing the F retention and toothpaste as a 'lotion' and massaging the buccal surfaces with the fingertip may be a simple and inexpensive way of delivering F a third time during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nordström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Caries prevention with fluoride toothpaste in children: an update. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 10:162-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03262678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tseveenjav B, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM. Oral health-related behaviours among dentate adults in Finland: findings from the Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:54-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jensen O, Gabre P, Sköld UM, Birkhed D. Is the use of fluoride toothpaste optimal? Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour concerning fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing in different age groups in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 40:175-84. [PMID: 22211763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most effective method to prevent caries is the regular use of fluoride toothpaste. The aim of this study was to evaluate self-care routines in a population by identifying knowledge, attitudes and behaviour relating to fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing habits. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 3200 individuals in two municipalities in Sweden. Four age groups representing different life stages were chosen: 15-16, 31-35, 61-65 and 76-80 years of age. The participants were selected from the population register by random selection of birth dates. RESULTS Totally 2023 (63%) individuals answered the questionnaire. The majority (84-94%) in all age groups brushed their teeth twice a day or more often. Good toothpaste behaviour identified as brushing at least twice a day, using at least 1 cm toothpaste, brushing 2 minutes or longer and using a small amount of water when rinsing was reported by only 10% of the respondents. The factors that increased the odds for having good caries-preventive behaviour were: (i) being female, (ii) being younger than 35 years, (iii) having knowledge about fluoride, (iv) finding use of fluoride toothpaste important and (v) rating own oral health as good. CONCLUSIONS The population seems to have embraced regular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste to a large extent. However, regarding techniques for using fluoride toothpaste effectively, there was great potential for improvement, especially among the older respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Jensen
- Public Dental Health, Västra Götaland Region, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Kusano SC, Tenuta LMA, Cury AADB, Cury JA. Timing of fluoride toothpaste use and enamel-dentin demineralization. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:383-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kobayashi CAN, Belini MR, Italiani FDM, Pauleto ARC, Julianelli de Araújo J, Tessarolli V, Grizzo LT, Pessan JP, Machado MADAM, Buzalaf MAR. Factors influencing fluoride ingestion from dentifrice by children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39:426-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al Mulla AH, Kharsa SA, Birkhed D. Modified fluoride toothpaste technique reduces caries in orthodontic patients: A longitudinal, randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 138:285-91. [PMID: 20816297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothesis of this study was that toothpaste slurry rinsing, combined with other simple postbrushing steps (the modified fluoride toothpaste technique [MFTT]), would reduce the number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces. METHODS The study population consisted of 100 orthodontic patients randomly divided into 2 groups, 51 in the test group (mean age, 16.2 +/- 4 years) and 49 in the control group (mean age, 16.9 +/- 4 years). Each patient was examined before starting orthodontic treatment (baseline) and shortly after debonding (follow-up) in a 2-year study period. At each of these 2 visits, the patients were examined in the following order: interviewed by using a standardized questionnaire, plaque index registration, intraoral clinical examination, and radiographic examination (bitewings). The test group patients were instructed to use the MFTT. The control group patients were given the same fluoridated toothpaste as the test group and the routine clinical oral hygiene instructions. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the test group had significantly better plaque index scores at the end of the study. At follow-up, the clinical (P <0.001), radiographic (P <0.001), and clinical plus radiographic (P <0.001) incidences of decayed and filled surfaces were significantly reduced: 87%, 78%, and 83%, respectively, in the test group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with routine oral hygiene instructions with fluoride toothpaste, the use of the MFTT significantly reduced the incidence of new carious lesions in orthodontic patients. We believe that this simple regimen should be considered in orthodontic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas H Al Mulla
- Departments of Cariology and Orthodontics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Baeshen H, Kjellberg H, Birkhed D. Oral fluoride retention in orthodontic patients with and without fixed appliances after using different fluoridated home-care products. Acta Odontol Scand 2010; 68:185-92. [PMID: 20100120 DOI: 10.3109/00016350903571723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate oral fluoride (F) retention after using fluoridated toothpastes, rinsing solutions and chewing sticks (Miswaks) in orthodontic patients with and without orthodontic appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine orthodontic patients, with a mean age of 16 years, were included in a randomized, cross-over, experimental study. Six different home-care F products, two NaF toothpastes (0.32% and 1.1%), two NaF mouthwash solutions (0.05% and 0.2%) and two NaF-impregnated Miswaks chewing sticks (0.05% and 0.5%), were used both during the orthodontic treatment and 1 week after debonding. Unstimulated whole saliva and approximal saliva were collected from two interdental sites, before and up to 60 min after using each product for 2 min. The retention of F was calculated as the area under the 60-min F-clearance curve (AUC). RESULTS In general, the F concentrations at the various sites were higher before than after debonding. Moreover, the products with a high F content (toothpaste, mouthwash and Miswaks) resulted in higher F retention than the corresponding products with a lower F content. In whole saliva, the highest AUC values were found in patients using 0.2% NaF mouthwash, followed by 1.1% NaF toothpaste (p < 0.05). In approximal saliva, the retention values were highest after using 0.5% NaF-impregnated Miswaks in patients wearing orthodontic appliances (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances appears to favor oral F retention for all the tested home-care F products. In addition, products with a high F content increase oral F retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010; 10:129-35. [PMID: 19772841 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The EAPD strongly endorses that the daily use of fluoride should be a major part of any comprehensive preventive program for the control of dental caries in children. Regardless of the type of program, community or individually based, the suggested use of fluoride must be balanced between the estimation of caries risks and the possible risks for toxic effects of the fluorides. Such a preventive program should be re-evaluated at regular intervals and adapted to a patient's needs and risks. For the majority of European communities, the EAPD recommends the use of appropriate fluoride toothpaste in conjunction with good oral hygiene to be the basic fluoride regimen.
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Kikwilu EN, Frencken JE, Mulder J. Utilization of toothpaste and fluoride content in toothpaste manufactured in Tanzania. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66:293-9. [PMID: 18720050 DOI: 10.1080/00016350802297748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the use of toothpaste, the reasons behind its irregular use, the cost perceptions, and the fluoride concentrations in locally manufactured toothpaste. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 978 dental patients attending 13 dental clinics for 2 weeks in June 2007 completed a pre-tested questionnaire on toothpaste use. Toothpaste was collected from shops in Dar es Salaam and analyzed at the laboratory of the Dental School in Amsterdam. Logistic regression was applied to determine the relative importance of independent variables on usage and perceptions about the cost of toothpaste. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of respondents used toothpaste daily. Of the 130 who used toothpaste less than once a day, 57.7% gave financial reasons for their irregular use. Toothpaste was perceived as expensive by 34.8% of respondents. Urban residents were five times more likely than rural residents to use toothpaste. Younger respondents were more likely than older respondents: to perceive toothpaste as important, to brush their teeth, to use toothpaste, and to brush their teeth regularly. All toothpaste manufactured in Tanzania had free fluoride concentrations below 400 ppm. CONCLUSIONS Most respondents used toothpaste regularly and one-third regarded it as expensive. Toothpaste manufactured in Tanzania had free fluoride concentrations below the optimum levels for dental caries prevention. For a well-functioning Basic Package of Oral Care, the authority responsible for oral health has to take measures aimed at lowering the price of toothpaste, and toothpaste manufacturers have to ensure that their products have the optimal fluoride concentration for dental caries prevention.
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Weiland B, Netuschil L, Hoffmann T, Lorenz K. Substantivity of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride following different modes of application: a randomized, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66:307-13. [PMID: 18720053 DOI: 10.1080/00016350802310947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) is proven to be effective against plaque and gingivitis. The purpose of this clinical controlled study was to investigate the influence of different application modes on the substantivity of this formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen healthy volunteers received a professional dental prophylaxis. Undisturbed plaque growth was permitted for the next 48 h. In a crossover design, participants received ASF as a single mouthrinse, toothpaste, slurries with high (HA) or low (LA) air content, or a placebo. Vitality of plaque bacteria was investigated before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8h after application of ASF. ANOVA was applied on a 0.05 significance level. RESULTS Highest reduction of plaque vitality resulted after toothpaste application, followed by mouthrinse, LA, and HA slurry. No changes occurred in the placebo group. Compared to baseline and placebo, statistically significant changes were detected up to 4h in all ASF groups. Toothpaste exerted antibacterial efficacy up to 8h. Vitality reduction was higher in the LA group than in the HA group. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of ASF in formulations influences the time course of the antibacterial effect. Contact of ASF formulations with air might reduce their efficacy.
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Slot DE, Lindeboom R, Rosema NAM, Timmerman MF, van der Weijden GA. The effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine dentifrice gel on plaque accumulation: a 3-day non-brushing model. Int J Dent Hyg 2007; 5:45-52. [PMID: 17250578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2007.00227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining an adequate low level of plaque through daily tooth brushing is often not feasible. Effective chemotherapeutic agents as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control would therefore be valuable. Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash has proved to be an effective inhibitor of plaque accumulation. AIM The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of application of 0.12% CHX dentifrice gel on de novo plaque accumulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was designed as a single blind, randomized three-arm parallel clinical trial. At the beginning of the test period all volunteers received a thorough professional oral prophylaxis. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three regimens. During a 3-day non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene. One regimen (test group) used 0.12% chlorhexidine dentifrice gel (CHX-DGel, Perio.Aid) applied in a fluoride gel tray, the benchmark control group used a regular dentifrice applied in a fluoride gel tray (RegD, Everclean HEMA). The positive control group rinsed with a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX-MW, Perio.Aid). The Quigley and Hein plaque index (PI) from all subjects was assessed after 3 days of de novo plaque accumulation. Subsequently, all subjects received a questionnaire to evaluate their attitude, appreciation and perception towards the products used employing a Visual Analogue Scale scores. After the experimental period, habitual oral hygiene procedures were resumed. RESULTS Ninety-six systemically healthy subjects completed the study. After 3 days, the full-mouth PI for the CHX-DGel regimen was 1.87 compared with 1.93 for the RegD regimen and 1.55 for the CHX-MW regimen. The two dentifrices (CHX-DGel and RegD) were significantly less effective as the CHX-MW (P=0.0006). No significant difference between scores of the dentifrices was found. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present 3-day non-brushing study design, it can be concluded that application of 0.12% CHX dentifrice gel is not significantly different from application of regular dentifrice on plaque accumulation. Use of a 0.12% CHX mouthwash is significantly more effective. CHX-DGel appears a poor alternative for a dentifrice. It is not an effective inhibitor of plaque growth and does not possess fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Slot
- School for Dental Hygiene, Inholland University of Professional Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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