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Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Wingate TG, Shafqat R, Dueck PM. Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:79-95. [PMID: 36481039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety. METHOD We critically review the extant research on young worker safety. RESULTS We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research. CONCLUSIONS Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Timothy G Wingate
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rabeel Shafqat
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Mo S, Song Y, Fang Y, Wang M, Shi J, Jin W, Zhao X. Performance goal orientation and unethical pro-organizational behavior: a moderated mediation model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2125819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenjiang Mo
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Song
- Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yanran Fang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Junqi Shi
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Liberal Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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3
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Haas EJ, Yorio PL. Behavioral safety compliance in an interdependent mining environment: supervisor communication, procedural justice and the mediating role of coworker communication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022; 28:1439-1451. [PMID: 33634742 PMCID: PMC11049610 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1896140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Although a focus on safety communication between managers and employees has been prevalent, research around coworker influence in this communication has been fragmented in the literature. Methods. To examine these issues, researchers gathered survey data from 1955 mine employees from surface stone, sand and gravel (SSG) and industrial mineral operations across the USA between 2016 and 2018, and studied the effects of relationships between justice perceptions, supervisor communication and coworker communication on behavioral safety compliance. Results. Using structural equation modeling, coworker communication partially mediated the direct effects of supervisor communication and justice perceptions on behavioral safety compliance - where the indirect effects were greater for justice perceptions. Conclusion. The results demonstrate the value in formal and informal communication paths to facilitate employee safety compliance; and that enhanced perceptions of job fairness and adaptability enhances coworker communication, further improving compliance in an interdependent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Haas
- Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
| | - Patrick L Yorio
- National Personal Protection Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
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Huang YH, Sears JM, He Y, Courtney TK, Rega E, Kelly A. The utility of a safety climate scale among workers with a work-related permanent impairment who have returned to work. Work 2022; 73:927-936. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Safety climate (SC) is a robust leading indicator of occupational safety outcomes. There is, however, limited research on SC among workers who have returned to work with a work-related permanent impairment. OBJECTIVE: This study examined three propositions: (1) a two-level model of SC (group-level and organization-level SC) will provide the best fit to the data; (2) antecedent factors such as safety training, job demands, supervisor and coworker support, and decision latitude will predict SC; and (3) previously reported associations between SC and outcomes such as reinjury, work-family conflict, job performance, and job security will be observed. METHOD: A representative cross-sectional survey gathered information about experiences during the first year of work reintegration. About one year after claim closure, 599 interviews with workers were conducted (53.8% response rate). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of the SC construct. Further, researchers used correlation analyses to examine the criterion-related validity. RESULTS: Consistent with general worker populations, our findings suggest the following: (1) the two-factor structure of SC outperformed the single-factor structure in our population of workers with a permanent impairment; (2) correlations demonstrate that workplace safety training, decision latitude, supervisor support, coworker support, and job demands could predict SC; and (3) SC may positively impact reinjury risk, work-family conflict, and may increase job performance and job security. CONCLUSIONS: Our study validated a two-factor SC scale among workers with a history of disabling workplace injury or permanent impairment who have returned to work. Practical applications of this scale will equip organizations with the necessary data to improve working conditions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueng-Hsiang Huang
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Sears
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimin He
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Theodore K. Courtney
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- TKC Consulting LLC, Charlton, MA, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Rega
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna Kelly
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Lecours A, St-Hilaire F, Daneau P. Fostering mental health at work: the butterfly effect of management behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1886151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lecours
- Équipe sur les organisations en santé, École de gestion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - France St-Hilaire
- Équipe sur les organisations en santé, École de gestion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de management et gestion des ressources humaines, École de gestion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Daneau
- Équipe sur les organisations en santé, École de gestion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de management et gestion des ressources humaines, École de gestion, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Barton BK, Pugliese BJ. BASE: Pragmatic Injury Prevention for Practitioners. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:599-607. [PMID: 36072689 PMCID: PMC9442466 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221083566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintentional injury remains a leading health problem in developed nations, making injury prevention imperative. Practitioners are primary stakeholders in the injury prevention process but rarely can devote significant time to complicated prevention efforts. Furthermore, theory-based approaches to support injury prevention are less common than atheoretical approaches. We propose a simple method for injury prevention grounded in concepts found in antecedent models. Barriers, attitudes, social context, and environmental factors (or BASE) are suggested as a simple injury prevention model practitioners can follow when working with patients. We present each component of BASE and offer examples of how the approach can be applied to risk factors associated with several types of injury risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J Pugliese
- Psychology and Communication, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhu J, Qin Z. Influencing Factors, Formation Mechanism, and Pre-control Methods of Coal Miners′ Unsafe Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:792015. [PMID: 35321199 PMCID: PMC8936589 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.792015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal mine accidents are mainly caused by the unsafe behavior of workers. Studying workers' unsafe behaviors can help in regulating such behaviors and reducing the incidence of accidents. However, there is a dearth of systematic literature review in this area, which has hindered mine managers from fully understanding the unsafe behavior of workers. This study aims to address this research gap based on the literature retrieved from the Web of Science. First, a descriptive statistical analysis is conducted on the year, quantity, publications, and keywords of the literature. Second, the influencing factors, formation mechanism, and pre-control methods of coal miners' unsafe behavior are determined and discussed, and the research framework and future research directions of this study are proposed. The study results will help mine safety managers fully understand the influencing factors, formation mechanism, and pre-control methods of workers' unsafe behavior, and lay a theoretical foundation for the future research direction in this field.
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Schofield KE, Ryan AD, Stroinski C. Risk factors for occupational injuries in schools among educators and support staff. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 80:67-77. [PMID: 35249629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School districts employ a large number of employees who work in educational (e.g., teachers) or other support roles, including educational assistants, custodians, food service, bus drivers, and community and recreation workers. District employees perform a wide array of job tasks and experience a wide spectrum of work-related risks and injuries. METHODS Workers' compensation data were coupled with Minnesota Department of Education district employee denominator data to evaluate risk factors for injury and severity. Variables included district location and type, employee job classification, age, and gender. Rates of injury and rate ratios were calculated to measure comparative injury risk using negative binomial regression and 95% confidence internals. Incidence and frequency of injury cause, nature, and body part we calculated. RESULTS Saint Paul and Minneapolis metropolitan area (versus non-metro) districts had higher risk (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.18-1.54) of employee injuries. All job classifications in support roles had increased risk of injury claims versus educators, however food service (RR = 5.14, 95%CI = 4.61-5.74), custodial (RR = 3.85, 95%CI = 3.41-4.34), and transportation (RR = 4.15, 95%CI = 3.38-5.10) exhibited the highest comparative risk to educators; significant risk of lost-time injury was also present in these workers. Males and females had similar risk of injury for all claims, however males had elevated risk of lost-time injury (RR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.26-1.69) versus females. All age groups >41-years-old exhibited increased risk of injury as compared to 31-40-year-olds. The magnitude of lost-time injury risk also increased with age. Falls and slips (29.1%), strains/sprains/ruptures (45.2%), and upper extremities (31.3%) most frequent cause, nature, and body part injured, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of districts, schools, workers, and their jobs tasks and hazards vary. Many categories of support staff in schools have elevated risk of injury, including lost-time injury, as compared to educators. Practical Applications: Injury prevention in schools should be approached by targeting job classifications; high risk jobs can be prioritized for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Schofield
- Katherine E. Schofield, University of Minnesota Duluth, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Voss Kovach Hall 105, 1305 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812-3042, USA.
| | - Andrew D Ryan
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Walls KN, Mosher GA. A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Grain Bin Entry Decisions by Youth. J Agromedicine 2022; 27:25-34. [PMID: 33734037 PMCID: PMC10464698 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2021.1895014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Youths - defined as children under the age of 18 - are frequently involved in agricultural work. Parental assignment, briefing, and supervision of hazardous farm tasks have an influence on youth safety, yet many youths are injured or killed performing these tasks. This research utilized a qualitative approach to analyze why youths choose to make hazardous decisions regarding grain bin entry and factors that played a role in youths' decisions. Because we know that youth are working on the farm, the study's objective was to examine the parent-youth relationship to determine the conditions under which youth would follow or refuse their parents' orders. Ten students who attended a Midwestern land-grant institution were interviewed. Interviewees had experience working inside grain bins, were highly involved in their family farming operations while under 18 years old, and worked under frequent parental supervision. Interviewees shared conditions where they followed their parents' orders even when they knew the task was unsafe. Moreover, participants indicated when they would refuse orders from parents. Findings showed that the primary source of agricultural safety knowledge came from the interviewees' parents. Interviewees did not necessarily demonstrate a "blind trust" in their parents, as they were not willing to follow all orders they were asked to complete. However, all interviewees indicated that their parents would not ask them to do anything unsafe. Many barriers to farm safety were emphasized by the interviewees, which may contribute to youths choosing to make hazardous decisions regarding grain bin entry under some conditions. The research implications are emphasized relative to youth safety outcomes on family farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla N Walls
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gretchen A Mosher
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Wang Z, Jiang Z, Blackman A. Linking emotional intelligence to safety performance: The roles of situational awareness and safety training. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 78:210-220. [PMID: 34399917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Safety outcomes in the workplace require individual employees to perform (behave) safely in everyday duties. While the literature suggests that emotional management capabilities or traits can be positively related to individual performance in certain conditions, it is not clear how they can influence safety-related performance in high-risk work contexts. Drawing upon trait activation theory, this paper aims to examine when emotional intelligence (EI) benefits employees' safety performance. We propose that when employees receive inadequate safety training, EI is more likely to trigger their situational awareness and consequently promote their safety performance. METHOD We collected time-lagged data from 133 full-time airplane pilots working in commercial aviation industry. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis was conducted to test the moderating effect of safety training inadequacy on the EI-situational awareness relationship. The moderated mediation model, which involves conditional indirect effects of EI on safety performance via situational awareness across different levels of safety training inadequacy, was tested using the PROCESS-based bootstrap confidence interval. RESULTS Safety training inadequacy negatively moderated the relationship between EI and situational awareness, such that EI was significantly related to situational awareness only when safety training inadequacy was more salient. The more inadequate safety training was, the greater the indirect effect of EI on safety performance via situational awareness was. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate safety training, as a negative situational cue, can activate individuals' EI to drive their safety-related cognitions (e.g., situational awareness) and behaviors. Effective safety training may be able to complement employees' low EI in shaping their situational awareness and safety behaviors. Practical Applications: Aviation managers should monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of safety training; this could make pilots' situational awareness and safety performance depend less on personal attributes (e.g., EI), which organizations are less able to control. When training capacity is temporarily limited, priority might be given to those with low EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Wang
- College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Australia.
| | - Zhou Jiang
- College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Anna Blackman
- College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Australia
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Sense of security when new at work: a thematic analysis of interviews with young adult retail workers in Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposePositive examples of situations in which young adults new at work experience feeling secure in the role as novice in the work force are here focused. The aim is to analyze how young adults who are new to the labor market express having a sense of security in the workplace. The long-term goal is to strengthen the conditions for the health and wellbeing of workers entering the retail labor market.Design/methodology/approachThirteen individual in-depth telephone/video-interviews were conducted with young adults (aged 18–28) working within the retail sector in Sweden. Using a thematic interview schedule, the interviews focused how the interviewees contextualizing stories on being novice at the labor market. The study is based on those parts of the material in which stories on feeling secure was expressed.FindingsThe analysis resulted in two themes: A sense of security is related to carrying out work safely and a sense of security is related to receiving support. The first theme illuminates how work is structured and safety training respectively contributes to a sense of security and the latter reveal how social support from a variety of sources (managers, colleagues and others outside the work environment) contributes to a sense of security when new at work.Originality/valueUsing a health promoting perspective, the study complements the existing perspectives of challenges faced by novices as they enter working life. Also, the study highlights the importance of including relations outside the workplace when searching for the understanding of the experiences of being new at work. The study indicates that focusing on the sense of security by well-structured work, safety training and social support might contribute to the strive for a sustainable working life for young adults.
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The Safety of Drivers: Workload, Group Interaction Quality, and Psychological Strain. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 62:1069-1075. [PMID: 33086221 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between employees' perception of work load, group interactional quality, and their effects on employee's psychological strain (need for recovery after work and fatigue) and job accidents. METHODS Questionnaire was used to collect data form 401 employees in the transport service industry in Taiwan. RESULTS (1) Workload was positively related with need for recovery after work; (2) group interaction quality was negatively related with need for recovery after work; (3) need for recovery after work was positively related with fatigue; (4) fatigue was positively related with job accidents. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance for organizations to provide adequate work design and build a supportive working environment, which may ultimately contribute to decreased psychological strain and fewer job accidents.
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What are the Risks to Minors Who Work in the Construction Industry? J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e462-e463. [PMID: 34029298 PMCID: PMC10141679 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Safety Leadership, Safety Attitudes, Safety Knowledge and Motivation toward Safety-Related Behaviors in Electrical Substation Construction Projects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084196. [PMID: 33920995 PMCID: PMC8071429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poor safety conditions and performance are consequences of individual factors as well as organizational and group factors. However, little attention has been afforded to the sequential impact of these factors on safety-related behaviors (compliance and participation) in the Saudi Arabian electrical construction industry. This study examines the causal effects of leadership and attitudes on safety compliance and participation mediated by motivation and knowledge. The research collected 636 surveys in electrical construction projects for nine large contractors between November 2018 and July 2019 in Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the mechanism by which leadership and attitudes affected safety compliance and participation through motivation and knowledge. The results indicate that safety leadership and attitude factors as well as their interactions predicted safety motivation and knowledge. Additionally, these factors affected safety participation and compliance via workers' motivation and knowledge. Safety motivation and safety knowledge positively affected workers' participation and compliance. Management should encourage and regularly assess effective leadership and attitudes and developing motivation and knowledge among employees can improve organizations' safety-related behavior performance.
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Newnam S, Stephens A, Muir C, Bruce S, Austin T, Mazzeo T. Safety outcomes for incident responders operating on high speed roads: An analysis of the relationship with behaviour, motivation and role clarity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247095. [PMID: 33657171 PMCID: PMC7928505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed roads present a considerable level of risk for frontline workers operating in these environments. To optimise safety, prevention activities need to target the key skills required to mitigate risk. The aim of this research was to explore the behavioural (compliance, participation, voice), motivational (safety motivation) and work demand (role clarity) factors that influence safety outcomes for incident responders working on high-speed roads. Safety outcomes included secondary incidents and near misses with passing vehicles. A total of 295 complete survey responses were received from six emergency service and incident response agencies in one Australian state. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that higher levels of safety voice, safety motivation and, role clarity were significantly associated with safer self-reported safety outcomes after controlling for the number of incidents attended. The findings from this study will be used to guide the development of a training program to improve the cognitive, behavioural and perceptual skills of incident responders operating on high-speed roads. Some insight into the structure and format of this program is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Newnam
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlyn Muir
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Bruce
- Holmesglen Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Austin
- Visual Learning Design, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Mazzeo
- Broadspectrum, Transport ANZ, Victoria, Australia
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Tan LL, Abd Aziz N, Ngah AH. Mediating effect of reasons on the relationship between altruism and green hotel patronage intention. JOURNAL OF MARKETING ANALYTICS 2020; 8:18-30. [DOI: 10.1057/s41270-020-00067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Paolillo A, Silva SA, Carvalho H, Pasini M. Exploring patterns of multiple climates and their effects on safety performance at the department level. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 72:47-60. [PMID: 32199577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper represents a first attempt to fill a gap in research about different specific climates and safety outcomes, by empirically identifying patterns of climates and exploring the possible effect of different climates at the department level on some specific safety outcomes. The first objective was to explore how different specific climates (safety, communication, diversity and inclusion) can be associated to each other, considering the department level of analysis. The second objective was to examine the relationships between those patterns of climates with safety performance (compliance and participation behaviors). METHOD A total of 429 blue-collar workers in 35 departments answered a questionnaire covering safety, diversity, inclusion, and communication climate measures. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters of departments with different climate patterns and their impact on safety compliance and safety participation behaviors. Subsequently, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was conducted at the individual-level to test the effect of climate patterns, by controlling for some sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Results showed the existence of four differentiated clusters of departments. Three of those clusters showed homogenous patterns (coherent association among perceptions of low, medium and high climates) and one heterogeneous (low and medium perceptions). The findings also revealed that the higher the climates perceptions, the higher the levels of safety participation and safety compliance, with safety participation being more affected than compliance. CONCLUSIONS The present research showed the associated effects of some organizational climate factors, such as fair treatment, inclusion, safety and communication within the organization, which had not been previously studied in their combined relationships, on safety behaviors. Practical applications: Several other organizational climate factors, such as fair treatment, inclusiveness and communication, may play an important role in safety, showing the importance of broadening the focus on safety climate as one of the main predictors of safety behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paolillo
- Department of Management, Kingston Business School, Kingston University London, Kingston Hill, Kingston upon Thames KT2 7LB, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia A Silva
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), BRU-IUL, Portugal
| | - Helena Carvalho
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal
| | - Margherita Pasini
- Department of Philosophy, Education and Psychology, University of Verona, Italy
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Hanvold TN, Kines P, Nykänen M, Thomée S, Holte KA, Vuori J, Wærsted M, Veiersted KB. Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:3-20. [PMID: 30949376 PMCID: PMC6429009 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pete Kines
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikko Nykänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Thomée
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jukka Vuori
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Kao KY, Spitzmueller C, Cigularov K, Thomas CL. Linking safety knowledge to safety behaviours: a moderated mediation of supervisor and worker safety attitudes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1567492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Kao
- Department of Management Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Candice L. Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Liang H, Lin KY, Zhang S. Understanding the Social Contagion Effect of Safety Violations within a Construction Crew: A Hybrid Approach Using System Dynamics and Agent-Based Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122696. [PMID: 30501093 PMCID: PMC6313510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has recognized the importance of eliminating safety violations in the context of a social group. However, the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew has not been sufficiently understood. To address this deficiency, this research aims to develop a hybrid simulation approach to look into the cognitive, social, and organizational aspects that can determine the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew. The hybrid approach integrates System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-based Modeling (ABM) to better represent the real world. Our findings show that different interventions should be employed for different work environments. Specifically, social interactions play a critical role at the modest hazard levels because workers in this situation may encounter more ambiguity or uncertainty. Interventions related to decreasing the contagion probability and the safety–productivity tradeoff should be given priority. For the low hazard situation, highly intensive management strategies are required before the occurrence of injuries or accidents. In contrast, for the high hazard situation, highly intensive proactive safety strategies should be supplemented by other interventions (e.g., a high safety goal) to further control safety violations. Therefore, this research provides a practical framework to examine how specific accident prevention measures, which interact with workers or environmental characteristics (i.e., the hazard level), can influence the social contagion effect of safety violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Liang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ken-Yu Lin
- Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Shoujian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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21
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Low BKL, Man SS, Chan AHS. The Risk-Taking Propensity of Construction Workers-An Application of Quasi-Expert Interview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2250. [PMID: 30326573 PMCID: PMC6210513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High accident rates have been a complicated and persistent problem in the Hong Kong construction industry. This situation has stimulated this investigation into factors that influence the risk-taking propensity of construction workers. However, interviewing workers who had a bad experience is problematic because changes in attitude and perception may occur as a result of such an experience. Using quasi-expert interviews can reduce this problem. The objective of this study was to identify factors that influence the risk-taking propensity of construction workers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 safety professionals all with accident inspection experience and six super-safe workers with no incident record for the past five years. Seven factors that affect the risk-taking propensity of construction workers were successfully identified. Each factor is thoughtfully discussed, and this study shows that quasi-expert interview is a pragmatic approach for deepening the understanding of risk-taking propensity among construction workers. Findings of this study will hopefully help and encourage further quantitative research on the risk-taking propensity of construction workers with different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banus Kam Leung Low
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siu Shing Man
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alan Hoi Shou Chan
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Rudolphi JM, Campo S, Gerr F, Rohlman DS. Social and Individual Influences on Tractor Operating Practices of Young Adult Agricultural Workers. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:605-611. [PMID: 29478719 PMCID: PMC8189182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tractor-related incidents are the leading cause of agricultural-related fatalities in the United States. Injuries from rollovers can be prevented by equipping tractors with rollover protective structures (ROPS, an engineering approach) and by using seatbelts (a behavior-based approach). While adult farmers report low seatbelt use and frequent use of tractors without ROPS, it is unknown whether the young adult population has adopted similar tractor driving practices. This study was designed to identify tractor operating practices among young adult agricultural workers and the influence of supervisors, peers, and parents on their safety behaviors. METHODS An online survey was conducted among college students enrolled in agricultural science classes in four Midwestern colleges and universities. Participants answered questions about their tractor operating practices, the influence of supervisors, peers, parents, and individual risk taking tendencies on their workplace practices. A tractor operation safety score was estimated from participants' responses. Linear regression was used to examine the association of these influences and the tractor operation safety score. RESULTS Of the 193 respondents, most (78.8%) reported that they never or rarely wear a seatbelt when operating a tractor with a ROPS. Supervisory influences, such as being negatively evaluated by a supervisor, were found to be more strongly associated with tractor operating behaviors than peer or parent influence. CONCLUSIONS Young adult agricultural workers frequently reported unsafe tractor operating behaviors. Supervisors were found to have the most influence over reported behaviors of young adult agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie M Rudolphi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Shelly Campo
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Fred Gerr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Liang H, Lin KY, Zhang S, Su Y. The Impact of Coworkers' Safety Violations on an Individual Worker: A Social Contagion Effect within the Construction Crew. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040773. [PMID: 29673149 PMCID: PMC5923815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research developed and tested a model of the social contagion effect of coworkers’ safety violations on individual workers within construction crews. Both situational and routine safety violations were considered in this model. Empirical data were collected from 345 construction workers in China using a detailed questionnaire. The results showed that both types of safety violations made by coworkers were significantly related to individuals’ perceived social support and production pressure. Individuals’ attitudinal ambivalence toward safety compliance mediated the relationships between perceived social support and production pressure and both types of individuals’ safety violations. However, safety motivation only mediated the effects of perceived social support and production pressure on individuals’ situational safety violations. Further, this research supported the differences between situational and routine safety violations. Specifically, we found that individuals were more likely to imitate coworkers’ routine safety violations than their situational safety violations. Coworkers’ situational safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ situational safety violations mainly through perceived social support and safety motivation. By contrast, coworkers’ routine safety violations had an indirect effect on individuals’ routine safety violations mainly through perceived production pressure and attitudinal ambivalence. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and future directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Liang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ken-Yu Lin
- Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Shoujian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yikun Su
- School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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24
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Hospital safety climate and safety behavior: A social exchange perspective. Health Care Manage Rev 2017; 42:341-351. [DOI: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Pek S, Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK, Morrish J. Injunctive safety norms, young worker risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:202-210. [PMID: 28641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injunctive safety norms (ISNs) refer to perceptions of others' expectations of one's safety-related conduct. Drawing on a sample of Canadian young workers (n=11,986;M age=17.90years; 55% males), we study the relationships among four sources of non-work-related (i.e., parents, siblings, friends, teachers), two sources of work-related (i.e., supervisors, co-workers) ISNs, young workers' self-reported work-related risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Structural equation modeling suggests that ISNs from parents, supervisors, and co-workers were related to less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors, and with fewer workplace injuries via less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors. In addition, ISNs from supervisors were directly associated with fewer workplace injuries. In contrast, ISNs from teachers and siblings were not associated with work-related risk-taking behaviors, but ISNs from siblings were associated with fewer work injuries. Finally, ISNs from friends were associated with more frequent work-related risk-taking and more frequent work injuries via more frequent work-related risk-taking. This study draws attention to the relative roles of non-work sources of social influence and provides some evidence of how ISNs might be related to young workers' work-related risk-taking behaviors and their workplace injuries. It also contributes to practice by suggesting specific interventions that parents, supervisors, and co-workers could undertake to reduce young workers' work-related risk-taking and workplace injuries, namely encouraging youth to be safe at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pek
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| | - Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada
| | | | - Jayne Morrish
- Jack and Nora Walker Canadian Centre for Lifespan Development Research, Brock University, Canada
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26
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Arizon Peretz R, Luria G. Drivers' social-work relationships as antecedents of unsafe driving: A social network perspective. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:348-357. [PMID: 28711863 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce road accidents rates, studies around the globe have attempted to shed light on the antecedents for unsafe road behaviors. The aim of the current research is to contribute to this literature by offering a new organizational antecedent of driver's unsafe behavior: The driver's relationships with his or her peers, as reflected in three types of social networks: negative relationships network, friendship networks and advice networks (safety consulting). We hypothesized that a driver's position in negative relationship networks, friendship networks, and advice networks will predict unsafe driving. Additionally, we hypothesized the existence of mutual influences among the driver's positions in these various networks, and suggested that the driver's positions interact to predict unsafe driving behaviors. The research included 83 professional drivers from four different organizations. Driving behavior data were gathered via the IVDR (In-Vehicle Data Recorder) system, installed in every truck to measure and record the driver's behavior. The findings indicated that the drivers' position in the team networks predicts safe driving behavior: Centrality in negative relationship networks is positively related to unsafe driving, and centrality in friendship networks is negatively related to unsafe driving, while centrality in advice networks is not related to unsafe driving. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect between negative network centrality and centrality in friendship networks. The relation between negative networks and unsafe behavior is weaker when high levels of friendship network centrality exist. The implications will be presented in the Discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Arizon Peretz
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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27
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Toppazzini MA, Wiener KKK. Making workplaces safer: The influence of organisational climate and individual differences on safety behaviour. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00334. [PMID: 28721393 PMCID: PMC5486436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current work health and safety practices focus predominately on fostering a safety climate to promote safety behaviours and reduce workplace accidents. Despite the importance of safety climates in accident prevention, recent research has demonstrated that individual factors can also predict work safety behaviour. This study considered the importance of organisational climate together with individual characteristics including differences in personality, impulsiveness, and perceptions of safety within the workplace on safety behaviour. 203 participants consisting of 67 males and 136 females aged 18 to 71 years, completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed that safety behaviour was directly related to safety climate, and conscientiousness. In contrast, neuroticism, and impulsiveness were not significantly related to safety behaviour. The present study findings support previous findings in the literature regarding the importance of safety climate as well as the personality trait of conscientiousness in applying safety behaviours. However, the present study findings did not support previous research in relation to the personality trait of high neuroticism resulting in decreased safety behaviour, nor did not confirm an inverse relationship between high impulsivity and low safety behaviour as theoretical models would suggest. This new finding may warrant further research into the precursors for safety behaviour.
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Erdogan B, Ozyilmaz A, Bauer TN, Emre O. Accidents happen: Psychological empowerment as a moderator of accident involvement and its outcomes. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Farm youth continue to experience high rates of injuries and premature deaths as a result of agricultural activities. Increased parental permissiveness is positively associated with many different types of high-risk behaviors in youth. This study explored whether permissive parenting (fathering and mothering) predicts youth unsafe behaviors on the farm. Data were analyzed for 67 youth and their parents. Families were recruited from a statewide farm publication, through youth organizations (i.e., FFA [Future Farmers of America]), local newspapers, farmer referrals, and through the Cooperative Extension Network. Hierarchical multiple regression was completed. Results revealed that fathers and mothers who practiced lax-inconsistent disciplining were more likely to have youth who indulged in unsafe farm behaviors. Key hypotheses confirmed that permissive parenting (lax-inconsistent disciplining) by parents continued to predict youth unsafe farm behaviors, even after youth age, youth gender, youth personality factor of risk-taking, and father's unsafe behaviors (a measure associated with modeling) were all taken into account. A key implication is that parents may play an important role in influencing youth farm safety behaviors. Parents (especially fathers) need to devote time to discuss farm safety with their youth. Farm safety interventions need to involve parents as well as address and respect the culture and values of families. Interventions need to focus not only on safe farm practices, but also promote positive parenting practices, including increased parent-youth communication about safety, consistent disciplining strategies, and increased monitoring and modeling of safe farm behaviors by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida A Jinnah
- a Institute on Human Development and Disability , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Zolinda Stoneman
- a Institute on Human Development and Disability , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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30
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Okun AH, Guerin RJ, Schulte PA. Foundational workplace safety and health competencies for the emerging workforce. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2016; 59:43-51. [PMID: 27846998 PMCID: PMC5180424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers (aged 15-24) suffer disproportionately from workplace injuries, with a nonfatal injury rate estimated to be two times higher than among workers age 25 or over. These workers make up approximately 9% of the U.S. workforce and studies have shown that nearly 80% of high school students work at some point during high school. Although young worker injuries are a pressing public health problem, the critical knowledge and skills needed to prepare youth for safe and healthy work are missing from most frameworks used to prepare the emerging U.S. workforce. METHODS A framework of foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills (the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies) was developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). RESULTS The proposed NIOSH Core Competencies utilize the HBM to provide a framework for foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills. An examination of how these competencies and the HBM apply to actions that workers take to protect themselves is provided. The social and physical environments that influence these actions are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS The NIOSH 8 Core Competencies, grounded in one of the most widely used health behavior theories, fill a critical gap in preparing the emerging U.S. workforce to be cognizant of workplace risks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Integration of the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies into school curricula is one way to ensure that every young person has the foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills to participate in, and benefit from, safe and healthy work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Okun
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Guerin
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
| | - Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
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Rohlman DS, Parish M, Elliot DL, Hanson G, Perrin N. Addressing Younger Workers' Needs: The Promoting U through Safety and Health (PUSH) Trial Outcomes. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030055. [PMID: 27517968 PMCID: PMC5041056 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most younger workers, less than 25 years old, receive no training in worker safety. We report the feasibility and outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of an electronically delivered safety and health curriculum for younger workers entitled, PUSH (Promoting U through Safety and Health). All younger workers (14-24 years old) hired for summer work at a large parks and recreation organization were invited to participate in an evaluation of an online training and randomized into an intervention or control condition. Baseline and end-of-summer online instruments assessed acceptability, knowledge, and self-reported attitudes and behaviors. One-hundred and forty participants (mean age 17.9 years) completed the study. The innovative training was feasible and acceptable to participants and the organization. Durable increases in safety and health knowledge were achieved by intervention workers (p < 0.001, effect size (Cohen's d) 0.4). However, self-reported safety and health attitudes did not improve with this one-time training. These results indicate the potential utility of online training for younger workers and underscore the limitations of a single training interaction to change behaviors. Interventions may need to be delivered over a longer period of time and/or include environmental components to effectively alter behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Rohlman
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Megan Parish
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Diane L Elliot
- Health Promotion & Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Ginger Hanson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
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32
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Stoneman Z, Jinnah H. Farm Families: Gendered Perceptions of Youth Safety and Injury Vulnerability. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nilsson K. Parents' Attitudes to Risk and Injury to Children and Young People on Farms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158368. [PMID: 27362751 PMCID: PMC4928838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children and young people growing up in a farm environment run a greater risk of being injured or dying in an accident than their non-farming counterparts. This study examines farming parents' attitudes and experiences of having their children grow up on farms, one of the most dangerous work environments as their home, everyday environment and playground. METHOD Data were collected using two ethnological methods, a question list and interviews, with a study population of 20 parents. The data were analysed phenomenologically. RESULTS The analysis pursued four themes: i) the most dangerous places and situations on the farm; ii) children's tasks on the farm; iii) children as a safety risk on the farm; and iv) farm risk education for children. CONCLUSIONS Most parents know the risks on their farm, but are sometimes careless when working under stress or exhaustion. Some parents wanted more information and some wanted compulsory preventative or safety measures by manufacturers, e.g. a safety belt as standard on the extra seat in tractors. Children's friends were described as one of the greatest risks for injury due to peer pressure. Some parents mentioned that people who grow up on farms are sometimes 'blind' to the dangers. Other parents seemed to overlook the risks and had their children carrying out tasks for which they were not mentally or physically equipped. Some of the tasks the children reportedly carried out on farms contravened Swedish legislation. It is thus important for farming parents to be repeatedly reminded of the risks to their children and to increase their awareness of how to prevent and eliminate risks in order to avoid accidents on the farm. The situation for farm children is highlighted in a critical discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nilsson
- Department of Work Science, Economic & Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Unsafe work environments have clear consequences for both individuals and organizations. As such, an ever-expanding research base is providing a greater understanding of the factors that affect workplace safety across organizational levels. However, despite scientific advances, the workplace safety literature suffers from a lack of theoretical and empirical integration that makes it difficult for organizational scientists to gain a comprehensive sense of (a) what we currently know about workplace safety and (b) what we have yet to learn. This review addresses these shortcomings. First, the authors provide a formal definition of workplace safety and then create an integrated safety model (ISM) based on existing theory to summarize current theoretical expectations with regard to workplace safety. Second, the authors conduct a targeted review of the safety literature and compare extant empirical findings with the ISM. Finally, the authors use the results of this review to articulate gaps between theory and research and then make recommendations for both theoretical and empirical improvements to guide and integrate future workplace safety research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dov Zohar
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
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35
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Zierold KM, McGeeney TJ. Communication breakdown: How working teens’ perceptions of their supervisors impact safety and injury. Work 2016; 54:3-9. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-162290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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Parish M, Rohlman DS, Elliot DL, Lasarev M. Factors associated with occupational injuries in seasonal young workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 66:164-7. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The formulae for attenuation correction in meta-analysis treat reliabilities as if they were independent of each other. The current study puts this assumption of independence to the test by empirically examining the correlation among predictor and criterion reliability estimates across studies. Interdependence of reliabilities would result in either overestimation or underestimation of population correlations depending on the direction of the relationship between the reliabilities. We conducted two studies to examine the extent to which predictor and criterion reliabilities correlate across studies. Study 1 is based on 628 pairs of reliability estimates from 518 studies published in the Academy of Management Journal and the Journal of Applied Psychology between 2004 and 2011, while Study 2 is based on 564 pairs of reliability estimates from 347 studies included in a meta-analysis on perceived organizational support (POS) and some of its antecedents and outcomes. The findings in both studies show substantial correlations between predictor and criterion reliability coefficients across studies. Our article discusses important implications from these findings for future research and for the future conduct of meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Köhler
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Cortina
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - James N. Kurtessis
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Society for Human Resource Management, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Markus Gölz
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Kim SS, Dutra LM, Okechukwu CA. Contractor-, steward-, and coworker-safety practice: associations with musculoskeletal pain and injury-related absence among construction apprentices. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:493-500. [PMID: 23748366 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper sought to assess organizational safety practices at three different levels of hierarchical workplace structure and to examine their association with injury outcomes among construction apprentices. METHODS Using a cross-sectional sample of 1,775 construction apprentices, three measures of organizational safety practice were assessed: contractor-, steward-, and coworker-safety practice. Each safety practice measure was assessed using three similar questions (i.e., on-the-job safety commitment, following required or recommended safe work practices, and correcting unsafe work practices); the summed average of the responses ranged from 1 to 4, with a higher score indicating poorer safety practice. Outcome variables included the prevalence of four types of musculoskeletal pain (i.e., neck, shoulder, hand, and back pain) and injury-related absence. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, contractor-safety practice was associated with both hand pain (OR: 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.04, 1.54) and back pain (OR: 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.17, 1.68); coworker-safety practice was related to back pain (OR: 1.42, 95 % CI: 1.18, 1.71) and injury-related absence (OR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.67). In an analysis that included all three safety practice measures simultaneously, the association between coworker-safety practice and injury-related absence remained significant (OR: 1.68, 95 % CI: 1.20, 2.37), whereas all other associations became non-significant. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that organizational safety practice, particularly coworker-safety practice, is associated with injury outcomes among construction apprentices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Ekramul Hoque M, Rossen F, Tse S. Stakeholders' perspective: injury behaviour and attitude of young Asians in New Zealand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/17479891111180075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeOf the unintentional injuries sustained by 20‐25 year old Asians, one‐third have been attributed to road traffic crashes. This study seeks to examine stakeholders' perceptions of Asian youth injury prevention behaviours in Auckland, New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachInformation was collected through face‐to‐face individual interviews, with key stakeholders who were aware of youth injury prevention and road traffic safety issues. Analysis used the statements of the discussants as the basis of describing the findings.FindingsRisk‐taking behaviours, environment, and individual variations in attitudes influence the occurrence of injuries among Asian migrant students. Domestic injuries of students from affluent backgrounds were linked to their inexperience in domestic or kitchen work. Injuries also resulted from unprovoked race‐related street assaults by locals. Road traffic injuries may be attributed to the driving quality of some Asian youths and are influenced by traffic orientations of their country of origin. Migrant youths are often reluctant to seek medical help for their injuries due to precarious employment situations. Asian youths are reactive to minor injuries and expect robust medical procedures. Mental health and suicidal status is hard to assess due to stigma. Family pressure and limited involvement with alcohol and drugs have a protective effect against injuries.Research limitations/implicationsWhile some Asian family values are protective against youth injury risk behaviours, negative parental attitudes may have the opposite effect. This has implications for community‐based prevention programmes. Under‐reporting of injuries and unprovoked racial attacks on Asian youths are of great concern. Further research on mental health and suicidal behaviour of Asian students and culturally appropriate injury prevention programmes are advocated.Originality/valueThe paper explores risk behaviours and attitudes towards prevention of injuries among young Asian students, including levels of knowledge and awareness, and their risk modifying intentions, from the viewpoint of professional stakeholders.
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Schwebel DC, Roth DL, Elliott MN, Windle M, Grunbaum JA, Low B, Cooper SP, Schuster MA. The association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with unintentional injury risk in fifth graders. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2011; 43:848-852. [PMID: 21376875 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extend findings with young children by examining the strength of association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with fifth graders' unintentional injuries. METHODS Ordinal logistic regression models were used to predict unintentional injury frequency among 4745 fifth-graders. Examined predictors included demographics, parent reports of mental distress, temperamental activity level (tendency to be fidgety, restless, and constantly in motion), and parental involvement and monitoring in adolescents' lives. RESULTS Higher levels of both activity level and parent mental distress predicted more frequent injuries. CONCLUSIONS As has been found with younger children, unintentional injuries in fifth graders are associated with both parent and child characteristics. The result is discussed in the context of adolescent development. Implications include those for injury prevention (multi-dimensional prevention strategies that incorporate environmental modifications as well as training of youth and parents) and future research (study of potential mechanisms behind injury risk behavior via longitudinal and experimental research; study of injury risk during this phase of child development).
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Lewko JH, Runyan CW, Tremblay CLS, Staley JA, Volpe R. Workplace experiences of young workers in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2011. [PMID: 21214052 DOI: 10.1007/bf03404857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the workplace experiences of Ontario youth in the service sector, with a particular interest in hazard exposures, safety training and supervision. METHOD A cross-sectional telephone survey in 2008 of working youth aged 14-18. Items queried respondents about the tasks performed, worker training and supervision. The study parallels one already published in the US. This is the first Canadian study of its kind. RESULTS Although teens reported working more hours during vacation, a substantial number of youth are working at least 20 hours per week when school is in session, and many reported having worked after 11 pm on a night before school. Young workers engaged in a variety of hazardous tasks, including heavy lifting, using sharp objects, working with hot equipment, or working around falling objects. A small subset (7.5%) of teens had suffered an injury at work that was severe enough to cause them to miss a day of school or work or require medical attention. The majority of workers had received training on how to use equipment safely and how to avoid an injury. More females than males received training. Although regular check-ins were common, many youth (38%) said they had worked at least part of the day without supervision. Young females were most likely to work without supervision or to work alone. CONCLUSION This study questions whether the regulations in Ontario are sufficient to protect young workers from exposures to work-related hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lewko
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON.
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Yagil D, Luria G. Friends in Need: The Protective Effect of Social Relationships Under Low-Safety Climate. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1059601110390936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have explored the role of social relationships, mainly with the supervisor, in promoting a high organizational safety climate. Not much is known, however, about the effect of social relationships when the safety climate is low. This study explored whether high-quality social relationships could compensate for a low level of safety climate. Hypotheses were tested among 673 employees and 46 managers from 46 departments in 11 manufacturing organizations in Israel. Results of both partial least squares and mixed-model procedures showed that employees’ climate perceptions mediate the relationship of supervisors’ climate perceptions with employees’ safety behavior. In addition, employees’ climate perceptions interacted with the quality of relationships with colleagues to affect safety behavior. However, the quality of the relationship with supervisors did not moderate the relationship between supervisors’ and employees’ climate perceptions. The results suggest that high-quality social relationships with colleagues could buffer the effects of low-level safety climate.
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Thamrin Y, Pisaniello D, Stewart S. Time trends and predictive factors for safety perceptions among incoming South Australian university students. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2010; 41:59-63. [PMID: 20226952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Young workers are over-represented in injury statistics. In order to develop injury prevention strategies, this study investigated time trends and predictive factors relating to safety skills, confidence, and attitudes. METHOD Annual surveys were conducted from 2006-2009 among incoming students at the University of Adelaide. The questions addressed safety training, injury experience, and health and safety perceptions. RESULTS Time trends in training, perceived safety skills, confidence, and attitudes were not significant. In terms of skills and confidence, the most important correlate was safety training outside of high school (odds ratio=1.6), especially when repeated, assessed, or in face to face mode. Feeling strongly about safety issues was best predicted by injury experience (OR=1.7) and gender. DISCUSSION These results emphasize the value of assessed training, but they are also consistent with published U.S. data, indicating no improvement over time. It is suggested that there be a more integrated approach in safety education, involving schools and workplaces. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY By developing an understanding of student safety perceptions and experiences, this research aims to target strategies to reduce the excess injury rate for young workers. Workplaces should be more aware of the limitations of school-based safety education and a more integrated and evidence-based approach should be developed, involving schools and workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Thamrin
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, the University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Attitudes and beliefs about adolescent work and workplace safety among parents of working adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2009; 44:349-55. [PMID: 19306793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the attitudes and beliefs of the parents of working adolescents related to the safety of the employment of their children. METHODS A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2003 among English-speaking parents of working adolescents aged 14-18 years in the continental United States. Questions addressed parental concerns about adolescents' employment and potential safety issues at work. RESULTS Most parents expressed favorable attitudes about adolescent employment, although many expressed concerns about fatigue (48%), problems completing schoolwork (33%), or spending time with families (35%). Half of all parents indicated concerns about adolescents being present during a robbery, and 40-50% were concerned about adolescents working alone or not having adequate safety training. Parents were favorable to laws that regulate the teen work environment, although most (69%) also indicated that parents, not laws, should determine the work that teens do. CONCLUSIONS Parents of working teens are favorable to their teens working, but they do have varied concerns about safety. Although many parents believe they should set the rules about teen work, they are also generally supportive of governmental regulation of hours and tasks. Helping parents understand child labor policies and consider evidence about work hazards may facilitate their ability to provide appropriate advice to their children.
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Morrongiello BA, Lasenby-Lessard J. Psychological determinants of risk taking by children: an integrative model and implications for interventions. Inj Prev 2007; 13:20-5. [PMID: 17296684 PMCID: PMC2610559 DOI: 10.1136/ip.2005.011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To draw on empirical findings of the psychological factors that cause elementary-school children to engage in risky play behaviors that can lead to injury, with the aim of developing an integrative model that can support intervention-program planning. METHODS An extensive review of literature on this topic was conducted, determinants of risk taking for which there was empirical support were identified, and results were synthesized to create an integrative model of children's risk taking. RESULTS Research on risk taking in children is limited, but the findings support the importance of examining child, family and socio-environmental factors to understand children's risk-taking behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Development of a model outlining the determinants of risk behaviors can provide a foundation for initiatives that aim to reduce such behaviors and prevent childhood injuries.
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Westaby JD. Behavioral reasoning theory: Identifying new linkages underlying intentions and behavior. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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