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Knutson D, Irgens MS, Flynn KC, Norvilitis JM, Bauer LM, Berkessel JB, Cascalheira CJ, Cera JL, Choi NY, Cuccolo K, Danielson DK, Dascano KN, Edlund JE, Fletcher T, Flinn RE, Gosnell CL, Heermans G, Horne M, Howell JL, Hua J, Ijebor EE, Jia F, McGillivray S, Ogba KTU, Shane-Simpson C, Staples A, Ugwu CF, Wang SC, Yockey A, Zheng Z, Zlokovich MS. Associations Between Primary Residence and Mental Health in Global Marginalized Populations. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1083-1096. [PMID: 36695952 PMCID: PMC9874180 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Scholars suggest that marginalized people in non-urban areas experience higher distress levels and fewer psychosocial resources than in urban areas. Researchers have yet to test whether precise proximity to urban centers is associated with mental health for marginalized populations. We recruited 1733 people who reported living in 45 different countries. Participants entered their home locations and completed measures of anxiety, depression, social support, and resilience. Regression and thematic analyses were used to determine what role distance from legislative and urban centers may play in mental health when marginalized people were disaggregated. Greater distance from legislative center predicted higher anxiety and resilience. Greater distance from urban center also predicted more resilience. Thematic analyses yielded five categories (e.g., safety, connection) that further illustrated the impact of geographic location on health. Implications for community mental health are discussed including the need to better understand and further expand resilience in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Knutson
- Oklahoma State University, 445 Willard Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | | | - K C Flynn
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - L M Bauer
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - J L Cera
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - N-Y Choi
- Dankook University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | | | - D K Danielson
- University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, USA
| | | | - J E Edlund
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T Fletcher
- West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA
| | - R E Flinn
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - M Horne
- Richmond, American International University, London, UK
| | - J L Howell
- University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - J Hua
- University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - E E Ijebor
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - F Jia
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | | | - K T U Ogba
- University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - A Staples
- Weatherford College, Weatherford, TX, USA
| | - C F Ugwu
- University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - S C Wang
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - A Yockey
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Z Zheng
- Lasell College, Auburndale, MA, USA
| | - M S Zlokovich
- Psi Chi International Honor Society in Psychology, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Perle JG, Perle AR, Scarisbrick DM, Mahoney JJ. Fostering telecompetence: A descriptive evaluation of clinical psychology predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship implementation of telehealth education. J Rural Health 2023; 39:444-451. [PMID: 36042001 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telehealth education within clinical psychology predoctoral internships and postdoctoral fellowships has become a frequent recommendation designed to prepare future providers with evidence-informed telehealth skills that can be applied to rural populations. Unfortunately, the availability of telehealth training among internships and fellowships, as well as areas for growth, remains unclear. Thus, the current study evaluated graduate clinical psychology internship and fellowship integration of telehealth training components before and after the onset of COVID-19. METHODS Individuals representing 74 internships and 29 fellowships completed author-created REDCap-hosted demographic and telehealth training surveys. FINDINGS Before COVID-19, 2 internships and 4 fellowships reported implementing telehealth education, with a majority of materials for both types of programs being optional educational targets and generally encompassing 0-15 hours of student education. After the onset of COVID-19, 72 internships and 27 fellowships indicated implementing telehealth education, with a majority indicating materials as mandatory and encompassing between 0 and 50+ hours. Despite increases, 73.6% of internship programs and 62.1% of fellowship programs noted a desire for their students to receive additional telehealth education in the future. Integrated educational foci are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated positive trends in the development of telehealth education among internships and fellowships. Nevertheless, some programs can likely benefit from additional integration of telehealth components, as well as more formal programming built around field-supported competencies and models. While work is required to further clarify field offerings, the current study provided a preliminary evaluation of internship and fellowship telehealth educational offerings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Perle
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alexandria R Perle
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David M Scarisbrick
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - James J Mahoney
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Tier 2 Mental Health Interventions in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Scoping Review. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Barker C, Carlson Berg L. Small Towns Talk: Clinical Competency Described Among Rural School Psychologists in Saskatchewan. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08295735221121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
School psychologists serve the learning needs of students through assessment, intervention, and consultation. The school psychologist can often be the only mental health professional who travels into rural communities. In an effort to adapt to this context of clinical isolation, rural school psychologists develop specialty competencies to serve their clients. This study explores the competencies required among school psychologists practicing in rural regions of Saskatchewan. Eight rural school psychologists participated in a thematic Delphi process to describe the competencies needed in rural school psychology. The participants engaged in three rounds of data collection and collective data analysis and arrived at a strong level of agreement on the final outcomes. The findings describe rural school psychology knowledge (i.e., community knowledge, generalist knowledge, and system knowledge), skills (i.e., relationship skills, core psychologist skills, efficiency skills, and communication skills), attitudes (i.e., flexibility, openness, and compassion), and behaviors (i.e., being responsive, being empowering, being available, and being procedural). The present study results contribute to better defining and understanding the multiple roles and practices of rural school psychologists. Recommendations of the study invite psychologists, clinical supervisors, and psychology training programs to incorporate an emphasis on interpersonal relationships, a generalist approach to psychological services, and consider creative practices of rural practitioners to the initial training and ongoing professional development of school psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Barker
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
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Helmes E, Pachana NA. Perspectives on Clinical Psychology Training by Students at Australian Regional and Urban Universities. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9544.2011.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schleider JL, Burnette JL, Widman L, Hoyt C, Prinstein MJ. Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Growth Mind-Set Intervention for Rural Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Problems. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:660-672. [PMID: 31219698 PMCID: PMC6923626 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1622123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents living in rural regions of the United States face substantial barriers to accessing mental health services, creating needs for more accessible, nonstigmatizing, briefer interventions. Research suggests that single-session "growth mind-set" interventions (GM-SSIs)-which teach the belief that personal traits are malleable through effort-may reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. However, GM-SSIs have not been evaluated among rural youth, and their effects on internalizing and externalizing problems have not been assessed within a single trial, rendering their relative benefits for different problem types unclear. We examined whether a computerized GM-SSI could reduce depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and conduct problems in female adolescents from rural areas of the United States. Tenth-grade female adolescents (N = 222, M age = 15.2, 38% White, 25% Black, 29% Hispanic) from 4 rural, low-income high schools in the southeastern United States were randomized to receive a 45-min GM-SSI or a computer-based active control program, teaching healthy sexual behaviors. Young women self-reported depression symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and conduct problem behaviors at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Relative to the female students in the control group, the students receiving the GM-SSI reported modest but significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms (d= .23) and likelihood of reporting elevated depressive symptoms (d= .29) from baseline to follow-up. GM-SSI effects were nonsignificant for social anxiety symptoms, although a small effect size emerged in the hypothesized direction (d= .21), and nonsignificant for change in conduct problems (d= .01). A free-of-charge 45-min GM-SSI may help reduce internalizing distress, especially depression-but not conduct problems-in rural female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeni L. Burnette
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Edwards LM, Sullivan AL. School Psychology in Rural Contexts: Ethical, Professional, and Legal Issues. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15377903.2014.924455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brossart DF, Wendel ML, Elliott TR, Cook HE, Castillo LG, Burdine JN. Assessing Depression in Rural Communities. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:252-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lim CS, Follansbee-Junger KW, Crawford MS, Janicke DM. Treatment Outcome Research in Rural Pediatric Populations: The Challenge of Recruitment. J Pediatr Psychol 2011; 36:696-707. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Werth JL, Hastings SL, Riding-Malon R. Ethical challenges of practicing in rural areas. J Clin Psychol 2010; 66:537-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dyck KG, Cornock BL, Gibson G, Carlson AA. Training clinical psychologists for rural and northern practice: Transforming challenge into opportunity. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00050060802438096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Grace Dyck
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Becki L. Cornock
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Greg Gibson
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Annamarie A. Carlson
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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