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Johnson F, Cloud AR, Mootz J, Hallgren KA, Elliott K, Alexander C, Greenfield B. Community member perspectives on adapting the cascade of care for opioid use disorder for a tribal nation in the United States. Addiction 2023; 118:1540-1548. [PMID: 36905290 PMCID: PMC10330092 DOI: 10.1111/add.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Cascade of Care is a public health model that has been used to measure population-level OUD risk, treatment engagement, retention, service and outcome indicators. However, no studies have examined its relevance for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Thus, we aimed to understand (1) the utility of existing stages and (2) the relative 'fit' of the OUD Cascade of Care from a tribal perspective. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 20 individuals who were knowledgeable regarding the treatment of OUD in an Anishinaabe tribal setting in Minnesota, USA. Community member roles included clinicians, peer support specialists and cultural practitioners, among others. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Participants identified the key transition points of prevention, assessment, inpatient/outpatient pathways and recovery as relevant to their community. They re-imagined an Aanji'bide (Changing our Paths) model of opioid recovery and change that was non-linear; included developmental stage and individual pathways; and demonstrated resilience through connection to culture/spirituality, community and others. CONCLUSIONS Community members living/working in a rural tribal nation in Minnesota, USA identified non-linearity and cultural connection as key elements to include in an Anishinaabe-centered model of opioid recovery and change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Mootz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin A. Hallgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaisa Elliott
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth-Twin Cities, MN, USA
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Whalen DH, Lewis ME, Gillson S, McBeath B, Alexander B, Nyhan K. Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:169. [PMID: 36437457 PMCID: PMC9703682 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revitalization of traditional Indigenous lifeways: Indigenous language in particular. This realist review is aimed at bringing together the literature that addresses effects of language use and revitalization on mental and physical health. METHODS Purposive bibliographic searches on Scopus were conducted to identify relevant publications, further augmented by forward citation chaining. Included publications (qualitative and quantitative) described health outcomes for groups of Indigenous people who either did or did not learn and/or use their ancestral language. The geographical area studied was restricted to the Americas, Australia or New Zealand. Publications that were not written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German were excluded. A realist approach was followed to identify positive, neutral or negative effects of language use and/or acquisition on health, with both qualitative and quantitative measures considered. RESULTS The bibliographic search yielded a total of 3508 possible publications of which 130 publications were included in the realist analysis. The largest proportion of the outcomes addressed in the studies (62.1%) reported positive effects. Neutral outcomes accounted for 16.6% of the reported effects. Negative effects (21.4%) were often qualified by such issues as possible cultural use of tobacco, testing educational outcomes in a student's second language, and correlation with socioeconomic status (SES), health access, or social determinants of health; it is of note that the positive correlations with language use just as frequently occurred with these issues as the negative correlations did. CONCLUSIONS Language use and revitalization emerge as protective factors in the health of Indigenous populations. Benefits of language programs in tribal and other settings should be considered a cost-effective way of improving outcomes in multiple domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Whalen
- Endangered Language Fund, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Melissa E. Lewis
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MA301 Medical Sciences Bldg, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - Stefanie Gillson
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Brittany McBeath
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Bri Alexander
- Program in Anthropology, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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Predictors of Land-Based Activity Participation in a National Representative Sample of Indigenous Individuals Living Off-Reserve. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138029. [PMID: 35805688 PMCID: PMC9265879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to consider predictors of land-based activity engagement. We hypothesized that higher self-reported mental and physical health scores, an increased sense of cultural belonging, living in a rural community, and no prior individual or family history of residential school attendance would predict a higher frequency of land-based activity engagement among First Nations individuals living off-reserve. Results from linear regression analyses suggested that an increased sense of cultural belonging, being male, and living in a rural community with a population of less than 1000 people were significant predictors of the frequency of land-based activity engagement. With these preliminary findings, further research can explore how physical and mental health outcomes influence the frequency of land-based activity engagement, in addition to how community-specific indicators may promote higher frequency of these activities, particularly among First Nations individuals living off-reserve.
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O’Keefe VM, Fish J, Maudrie TL, Hunter AM, Tai Rakena HG, Ullrich JS, Clifford C, Crawford A, Brockie T, Walls M, Haroz EE, Cwik M, Whitesell NR, Barlow A. Centering Indigenous Knowledges and Worldviews: Applying the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model to Youth Mental Health and Wellness Research and Programs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6271. [PMID: 35627809 PMCID: PMC9140847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, Indigenous communities, leaders, mental health providers, and scholars have called for strengths-based approaches to mental health that align with Indigenous and holistic concepts of health and wellness. We applied the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model to strengths-based case examples of Indigenous youth mental health and wellness work occurring in CANZUS (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and United States). The case examples include research, community-led programs, and national advocacy. Indigenous youth development and well-being occur through strengths-based relationships across interconnected environmental levels. This approach promotes Indigenous youth and communities considering complete ecologies of Indigenous youth to foster their whole health, including mental health. Future research and programming will benefit from understanding and identifying common, strengths-based solutions beyond narrow intervention targets. This approach not only promotes Indigenous youth health and mental health, but ripples out across the entire ecosystem to promote community well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M. O’Keefe
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Jillian Fish
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA;
| | - Tara L. Maudrie
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Amanda M. Hunter
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Hariata G. Tai Rakena
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Carrie Clifford
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Allison Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
| | - Teresa Brockie
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Melissa Walls
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Emily E. Haroz
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Mary Cwik
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Allison Barlow
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (T.L.M.); (H.G.T.R.); (M.W.); (E.E.H.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
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