1
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Lee D, Kim SJ, Cheon J, Jung YC, Kang JI. Changes in interoceptive accuracy related to emotional interference in somatic symptom disorder. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:279. [PMID: 38755731 PMCID: PMC11100134 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by one or more distressing or disabling somatic symptoms accompanied by an excessive amount of time, energy and emotion related to the symptoms. These manifestations of SSD have been linked to alterations in perception and appraisal of bodily signals. We hypothesized that SSD patients would exhibit changes in interoceptive accuracy (IA), particularly when emotional processing is involved. METHODS Twenty-three patients with SSD and 20 healthy controls were recruited. IA was assessed using the heartbeat perception task. The task was performed in the absence of stimuli as well as in the presence of emotional interference, i.e., photographs of faces with an emotional expression. IA were examined for correlation with measures related to their somatic symptoms, including resting-state heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the absolute values of IA between patients with SSD and healthy controls, regardless of the condition. However, the degree of difference in IA without emotional interference and with neutral facial interference was greater in patients with SSD than in healthy controls (p = 0.039). The IA of patients with SSD also showed a significant correlation with low-frequency HRV (p = 0.004) and high-frequency HRV (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION SSD patients showed more significant changes in IA when neutral facial interference was given. These results suggest that bodily awareness is more affected by emotionally ambiguous stimuli in SSD patients than in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokjong Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Yonsei Empathy Psychiatry Clinic, Seoul, 07008, South Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jooah Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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2
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Eiserbeck A, Enge A, Rabovsky M, Abdel Rahman R. Distrust before first sight? Examining knowledge- and appearance-based effects of trustworthiness on the visual consciousness of faces. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103629. [PMID: 38150782 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The present EEG study with 32 healthy participants investigated whether affective knowledge about a person influences the visual awareness of their face, additionally considering the impact of facial appearance. Faces differing in perceived trustworthiness based on appearance were associated with negative or neutral social information and shown as target stimuli in an attentional blink task. As expected, participants showed enhanced awareness of faces associated with negative compared to neutral social information. On the neurophysiological level, this effect was connected to differences in the time range of the early posterior negativity (EPN)-a component associated with enhanced attention and facilitated processing of emotional stimuli. The findings indicate that the social-affective relevance of a face based on emotional knowledge is accessed during a phase of attentional enhancement for conscious perception and can affect prioritization for awareness. In contrast, no clear evidence for influences of facial trustworthiness during the attentional blink was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eiserbeck
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Enge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Snowden AW, Hancock AS, Buhusi CV, Warren CM. Event-related Correlates of Evolving Trust Evaluations. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:154-169. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2043935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Giraudier M, Ventura-Bort C, Wendt J, Lischke A, Weymar M. Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces: Replication across lab- and web-based studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264034. [PMID: 35176058 PMCID: PMC8853483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants’ memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Giraudier
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Wendt
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Lischke
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Baccolo E, Quadrelli E, Macchi Cassia V. Neural sensitivity to trustworthiness cues from realistic face images is associated with temperament: An electrophysiological study with 6-month-old infants. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:668-683. [PMID: 34469270 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1976271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Discriminating facial cues to trustworthiness is a fundamental social skill whose developmental origins are still debated. Prior investigations used computer-generated faces, which might fail to reflect infants' face processing expertise. Here, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded in Caucasian adults (N = 20, 7 males, M age = 25.25 years) and 6-month-old infants (N = 21, 10 males) in response to variations in trustworthiness intensity expressed by morphed images of realistic female faces associated with explicit trustworthiness judgments (Study 1). Preferential looking behavior in response to the same faces was also investigated in infants (N = 27, 11 males) (Study 2). ERP results showed that both age groups distinguished subtle stimulus differences, and that interindividual variability in neural sensitivity to these differences were associated with infants' temperament. No signs of stimulus differentiation emerged from infants' looking behavior. These findings contribute to the understanding of the developmental origins of human sensitivity to social cues from faces by extending prior evidence to more ecological stimuli and by unraveling the mediating role of temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baccolo
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Quadrelli
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Nero Mi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Viola Macchi Cassia
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Nero Mi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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6
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Baum J, Abdel Rahman R. Emotional news affects social judgments independent of perceived media credibility. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:280-291. [PMID: 33274748 PMCID: PMC7943368 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the credibility we attribute to media sources influence our opinions and judgments derived from news? Participants read headlines about the social behavior of depicted unfamiliar persons from websites of trusted or distrusted well-known German news media. As a consequence, persons paired with negative or positive headlines were judged more negative or positive than persons associated with neutral information independent of source credibility. Likewise, electrophysiological signatures of slow and controlled evaluative brain activity revealed a dominant influence of emotional headline contents regardless of credibility. Modulations of earlier brain responses associated with arousal and reflexive emotional processing show an effect of negative news and suggest that distrusted sources may even enhance the impact of negative headlines. These findings demonstrate that though we may have distinct perceptions about the credibility of media sources, information processing and social judgments rely on the emotional content of headlines, even when they stem from sources we distrust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baum
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
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7
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Li N, Liu N. The Nonlinear and Gender-Related Relationships of Face Attractiveness and Typicality With Perceived Trustworthiness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:656084. [PMID: 34335368 PMCID: PMC8316726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived trustworthiness is one of the most important facial traits in social interaction. To elucidate how facial trustworthiness is assessed by others and its relationship to other facial traits would have significant theoretical and practical implications. Prior studies have shown that perceived attractiveness and typicality of a face may contribute to trustworthiness judgments; i.e., trustworthy faces are always the typical and attractive ones. Here, by conducting judgments of facial traits (i.e., trustworthiness, attractiveness, and typicality) on the same set of faces, we revealed a more profound relationship among these facial traits. First, we found that trustworthiness judgments did not always peak at the average face, in contrast to previous research. Second, trustworthiness exhibited a nonlinear relationship with attractiveness and typicality: Men relied more on typicality when judging a face as untrustworthy or neutral, whereas women relied more on typicality when judging a face as untrustworthy but more on attractiveness when judging a face as trustworthy. Third, women and men may utilize different traits to evaluate face trustworthiness: The relationship between trustworthiness and typicality judgments was closer in men than in women, whereas women counted on face attractiveness more than men did to evaluate face trustworthiness. These findings demonstrate that judging the trustworthiness of a face is a more complex process than previously thought, which may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying highly flexible and sophisticated social interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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8
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Leng H, Liu Y, Li Q, Wu Q, Li D, Jiang Z. Outcome Evaluation Affects Facial Trustworthiness: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:514142. [PMID: 33240058 PMCID: PMC7683520 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.514142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial trustworthiness and feedback information of trustees can influence trustors’ investment behavior in trust games. This study investigated the temporal features of outcome evaluation (evaluation of feedback) and how they influence the processing of facial trustworthiness. A total of 25 college students participated in a decision-making task in which feedback was presented prior to a face stimulus. The decision of participants to continue investing was evaluated. We observed that trustors were more inclined to keep investing in trustworthy trustees or those appearing after positive feedback (gains). Event-related potential (ERP) results revealed that in the face presentation stage, trustworthy faces with losses induced more negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) than did trustworthy faces with gains and untrustworthy faces with losses. Further, faces that did not meet expectations induced more negative FRN. Trustworthy faces with gains induced more positive late positive component (LPC) than did trustworthy faces with losses and generated more motivated attention. Bottom–up and top–down processes were integrated for facial trustworthiness perception at different stages. In sum, top–down processing exerted a greater impact during the early stage of facial trustworthiness perception, both top–down and bottom–up processing were involved in the medium term, and bottom–up processing exerted a greater impact in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Leng
- Element Education Department, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Li
- Xingtai Special Education School, Xingtai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongqing Jiang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqing Jiang
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9
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Eiserbeck A, Abdel Rahman R. Visual consciousness of faces in the attentional blink: Knowledge-based effects of trustworthiness dominate over appearance-based impressions. Conscious Cogn 2020; 83:102977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Swe DC, Palermo R, Gwinn OS, Rhodes G, Neumann M, Payart S, Sutherland CAM. An objective and reliable electrophysiological marker for implicit trustworthiness perception. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:337-346. [PMID: 32280978 PMCID: PMC7235960 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Trustworthiness is assumed to be processed implicitly from faces, despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of research has only involved explicit trustworthiness judgements. To answer the question whether or not trustworthiness processing can be implicit, we apply an electroencephalography fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm, where electrophysiological cortical activity is triggered in synchrony with facial trustworthiness cues, without explicit judgements. Face images were presented at 6 Hz, with facial trustworthiness varying at 1 Hz. Significant responses at 1 Hz were observed, indicating that differences in the trustworthiness of the faces were reflected in the neural signature. These responses were significantly reduced for inverted faces, suggesting that the results are associated with higher order face processing. The neural responses were reliable, and correlated with explicit trustworthiness judgements, suggesting that the technique is capable of picking up on stable individual differences in trustworthiness processing. By demonstrating neural activity associated with implicit trustworthiness judgements, our results contribute to resolving a key theoretical debate. Moreover, our data show that FPVS is a valuable tool to examine face processing at the individual level, with potential application in pre-verbal and clinical populations who struggle with verbalization, understanding or memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Swe
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence should be addressed to Derek C. Swe, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Romina Palermo
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - O Scott Gwinn
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gillian Rhodes
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Markus Neumann
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Aviation and Space Psychology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Hamburg 22335, Germany
| | - Shanèle Payart
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Clare A M Sutherland
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Scotland
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11
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Chang SAA, Baskin-Sommers A. Living in a Disadvantaged Neighborhood Affects Neural Processing of Facial Trustworthiness. Front Psychol 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 32273859 PMCID: PMC7115212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood disorder (i.e., physical or social decay) is associated with decreased trust, which reinforces criminal behavior among some individuals in these communities. However, past research largely is descriptive and has not measured processes underlying trust. Using behavioral and neural indices [the late positive potential (LPP), a marker of salience elaboration] in a sample of adults (N = 55), we examined the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and facial trustworthiness perception as well as the potential moderating role of trustworthiness perception on the association between PND and criminal behavior. Individuals with higher perceived neighborhood disorder displayed less LPP differentiation between untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Moreover, individuals with higher perceived neighborhood disorder and less LPP differentiation were less likely to commit a variety of crimes, whereas those with higher perceptions of neighborhood disorder and high LPP differentiation were more likely to commit a variety of crimes. Combined, these findings suggest that similarly processing trustworthy and untrustworthy faces, as indexed by less LPP differentiation, may reflect an adaptation among those with higher perceived neighborhood disorder that mitigates against deviant behavior and contacts with the law. Understanding the intersection between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level cognitive-affective processing may provide insight into what shapes beliefs and behaviors about important social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-An A Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Weymar M, Ventura-Bort C, Wendt J, Lischke A. Behavioral and neural evidence of enhanced long-term memory for untrustworthy faces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19217. [PMID: 31844252 PMCID: PMC6915708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In daily life, we automatically form impressions of other individuals on basis of subtle facial features that convey trustworthiness. Because these face-based judgements influence current and future social interactions, we investigated how perceived trustworthiness of faces affects long-term memory using event-related potentials (ERPs). In the current study, participants incidentally viewed 60 neutral faces differing in trustworthiness, and one week later, performed a surprise recognition memory task, in which the same old faces were presented intermixed with novel ones. We found that after one week untrustworthy faces were better recognized than trustworthy faces and that untrustworthy faces prompted early (350–550 ms) enhanced frontal ERP old/new differences (larger positivity for correctly remembered old faces, compared to novel ones) during recognition. Our findings point toward an enhanced long-lasting, likely familiarity-based, memory for untrustworthy faces. Even when trust judgments about a person do not necessarily need to be accurate, a fast access to memories predicting potential harm may be important to guide social behaviour in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Wendt
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Lischke
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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13
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Baccolo E, Macchi Cassia V. Age-Related Differences in Sensitivity to Facial Trustworthiness: Perceptual Representation and the Role of Emotional Development. Child Dev 2019; 91:1529-1547. [PMID: 31769004 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to discriminate social signals from faces is a fundamental component of human social interactions whose developmental origins are still debated. In this study, 5-year-old (N = 29) and 7-year-old children (N = 31) and adults (N = 34) made perceptual similarity and trustworthiness judgments on a set of female faces varying in level of expressed trustworthiness. All groups represented perceived similarity of the faces as a function of trustworthiness intensity, but such representation becomes more fine-grained with development. Moreover, 5-year-olds' accuracy in choosing the more trustworthy face in a pair varied as a function of children's score at the Test of Emotion Comprehension, suggesting that the ability to perform face-to-trait inferences is related to the development of emotional understanding.
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14
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Wang H, Tong S, Shang J, Chen W. The Role of Gender in the Preconscious Processing of Facial Trustworthiness and Dominance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2565. [PMID: 31803109 PMCID: PMC6872516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study adopted the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm (b-CFS) to investigate how Chinese participants process trustworthiness (Experiment 1) and dominance (Experiment 2) at the preconscious level. In addition, we tested whether the gender of a face and the gender of a participant can influence the preconscious processing of facial trustworthiness and dominance. Experiment 1 showed that the least and most trustworthy faces both took significantly less time to break into awareness than neutral faces. In Experiment 2, for female faces, neutral faces took significantly less time to break into awareness than the least and most dominant faces. In both experiments, female faces broke through suppression faster than male faces. In summary, for Chinese participants, the preconscious processing of trustworthiness was not different between male and female faces. However, the preconscious processing of dominance was different between male and female faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Junchen Shang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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15
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Neural time course and brain sources of facial attractiveness vs. trustworthiness judgment. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:1233-1247. [PMID: 30187360 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that the more (or less) attractive a face is judged, the more (or less) trustworthy the person is deemed and that some common neural networks are recruited during facial attractiveness and trustworthiness evaluation. To interpret the relationship between attractiveness and trustworthiness (e.g., whether perception of personal trustworthiness may depend on perception of facial attractiveness), we investigated their relative neural processing time course. An event-related potential (ERP) paradigm was used, with localization of brain sources of the scalp neural activity. Face stimuli with a neutral, angry, happy, or surprised expression were presented in an attractiveness judgment, a trustworthiness judgment, or a control (no explicit social judgment) task. Emotional facial expression processing occurred earlier (N170 and EPN, 150-290 ms post-stimulus onset) than attractiveness and trustworthiness processing (P3b, 400-700 ms). Importantly, right-central ERP (C2, C4, C6) differences reflecting discrimination between "yes" (attractive or trustworthy) and "no" (unattractive or untrustworthy) decisions occurred at least 400 ms earlier for attractiveness than for trustworthiness, in the absence of LRP motor preparation differences. Neural source analysis indicated that facial processing brain networks (e.g., LG, FG, and IPL-extending to pSTS), also right-lateralized, were involved in the discrimination time course differences. This suggests that attractiveness impressions precede and might prime trustworthiness inferences and that the neural time course differences reflect truly facial encoding processes.
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16
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Mattarozzi K, Colonnello V, Thayer JF, Ottaviani C. Trusting your heart: Long-term memory for bad and good people is influenced by resting vagal tone. Conscious Cogn 2019; 75:102810. [PMID: 31479930 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the role of heart rate variability (HRV) in social engagement and social cognition. However, whether HRV is involved in the ability to remember faces associated with affectively salient behavioural information remains unexplored. The present study aims to close this gap by investigating long-term face-memory accuracy in individuals differing in resting vagally-mediated HRV. Individuals with high or low resting HRV viewed faces associated with episodic information differing in affective valence (positive, neutral, negative) or without any behavioural description. After one week, a face recognition test was administered. High HRV individuals were better at recognizing faces paired with positive and negative behavioural descriptions compared to neutral faces or faces without descriptions. Conversely, low HRV participants did not show any face memory advantage from personal information. The present results suggest that HRV may provide a novel biological marker of long-term face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mattarozzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Colonnello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Gutiérrez-García A, Fernández-Martín A, Del Líbano M, Calvo MG. Selective gaze direction and interpretation of facial expressions in social anxiety. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Koeckritz R, Beauducel A, Hundhausen J, Redolfi A, Leue A. Does concealing familiarity evoke other processes than concealing untrustworthiness? - Different forms of concealed information modulate P3 effects. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2:e2. [PMID: 32435737 PMCID: PMC7219692 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2019.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was investigated whether concealing learned stimulus attributes (i.e., trustworthiness vs. untrustworthiness) has similar effects on the P3 amplitude than concealing stimulus familiarity. According to salience hypothesis, known, deceptive stimuli (probe) are (perceived) more relevant than truthful, unknown stimuli (irrelevant) evoking a more positive probe P3 amplitude. When all stimuli are known, concealing information is more cognitively demanding than non-concealing information evoking a less positive P3 amplitude according to the mental effort account. Ninety-seven participants concealed knowledge of previously learned faces in the familiarity condition (probe vs. irrelevant stimuli). In the trustworthiness condition, participants concealed untrustworthiness to previously learned faces and responded truthfully to previously learned trustworthy and untrustworthy faces (known, concealed vs. known, truthful stimuli). The parietal mean P3 amplitude was more positive for probe stimuli than for irrelevant stimuli in the familiarity condition providing evidence for the salience hypothesis. In the trustworthiness condition, concealing untrustworthiness showed the smallest parietal mean P3 amplitude suggesting evidence for the mental effort hypothesis. Individual differences of perpetrator's sensitivity to injustice modulated the P3 amplitude in the trustworthiness condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Koeckritz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Anika Redolfi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Leue
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Inter-individual differences in heart rate variability are associated with inter-individual differences in mind-reading. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11557. [PMID: 28912591 PMCID: PMC5599679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether inter-individual differences in vagally-mediated cardiac activity (high frequency heart rate variability, HF-HRV) would be associated with inter-individual differences in mind-reading, a specific aspect of social cognition. To this end, we recorded resting state HF-HRV in 49 individuals before they completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, a test that required the identification of mental states on basis of subtle facial cues. As expected, inter-individual differences in HF-HRV were associated with inter-individual differences in mental state identification: Individuals with high HF-HRV were more accurate in the identification of positive but not negative states than individuals with low HF-HRV. Individuals with high HF-HRV may, thus, be more sensitive to positive states of others, which may increase the likelihood to detect cues that encourage approach and affiliative behavior in social contexts. Inter-individual differences in mental state identification may, thus, explain why individuals with high HF-HRV have been shown to be more successful in initiating and maintaining social relationships than individuals with low HF-HRV.
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