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He J, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Friligkou E, Mecca AP, van Dyck CH, Pathak GA, Polimanti R. Sex differences in the associations of socioeconomic factors and cognitive performance with family history of Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.12.24308850. [PMID: 38947007 PMCID: PMC11213115 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.24308850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While higher socioeconomic factors (SEF) and cognitive performance (CP) have been associated with reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, recent evidence highlighted that these factors may have opposite effects on family history of AD (FHAD). METHODS Leveraging data from the UK Biobank (N=448,100) and the All of Us Research Program (N=240,319), we applied generalized linear regression models, polygenic risk scoring (PRS), and one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the sex-specific SEF and CP associations with AD and FHAD. RESULTS Observational and genetically informed analyses highlighted that higher SEF and CP were associated with reduced AD and sibling-FHAD, while these factors were associated with increased parent-FHAD. We also observed that population minorities may present different patterns with respect to sibling-FHAD vs. parent-FHAD. Sex differences in FHAD associations were identified in ancestry-specific and SEF PRS and MR results. DISCUSSION This study contributes to understanding the sex-specific relationships linking SEF and CP to FHAD, highlighting the potential role of reporting, recall, and surviving-related dynamics.
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Bégin V, Vergunst F, Haeck C, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Côté SM, Fontaine NMG. Childhood behavior problems and adverse economic outcomes: a 30-year population-based study of intergenerational income mobility. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38659297 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the associations between early behavioral problems and intergenerational income mobility (i.e., the degree to which income status is transmitted from one generation to the next), (b) verify whether these associations are moderated by child sex, and (c) explore indirect effects of early behavioral problems on income mobility via high school graduation. METHODS Data were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 3,020; 49.17% girls). Participants were followed from age 6 to 37 years. Measures included parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems at age 6 years as well as participants' (ages 30-35 years) and their parents' (when participants were aged 10-19 years) income data obtained from tax return records. Regression models were used to predict upward and downward mobility (i.e., increased or decreased income status from one generation to the next) from attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems, depression/anxiety problems, prosociality, and the quality of children's relationship with their caregiver. Two-way interaction effects between behavioral problems and child sex were examined and indirect effect models including high school graduation as a mediator of these associations were conducted. RESULTS Despite their higher educational attainment, females had lower incomes and experienced lower upward (but higher downward) income mobility than males. For both females and males, higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and conduct/opposition problems were associated with decreased odds of upward mobility, whereas higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity were associated with increased odds of downward mobility. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems as well as low prosociality were associated with lower educational attainment (no high school diploma), which in turn was associated with increased odds of downward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of providing intensive support to children with early behavioral problems as a means of improving educational attainment and intergenerational income mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bégin
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Group for Research and Intervention on Children's Social Adjustment, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Haeck
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Group on Human Capital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Economics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie M G Fontaine
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Atherton OE, Graham EK, Dorame AN, Horgan D, Luo J, Nevarez MD, Ferrie JP, Spiro A, Schulz MS, Waldinger RJ, Mroczek DK, Lee LO. Is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences? Findings from the Harvard Study of Adult Development. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:1123-1136. [PMID: 37616090 PMCID: PMC10841087 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been longstanding and widespread interdisciplinary interest in understanding intergenerational processes, or the extent to which conditions repeat themselves across generations. However, due to the difficulty of collecting longitudinal, multigenerational data on early life conditions, less is known about the extent to which offspring experience the same early life conditions that their parents experienced in their own early lives. Using data from a socioeconomically diverse, White U.S. American cohort of 1,312 offspring (50% female) and their fathers (N = 518 families), we address three primary questions: (1) To what extent is there intergenerational continuity in early life experiences (social class, home atmosphere, parent-child relationship quality, health)? (2) Is intergenerational continuity in early life experiences greater for some domains of experience compared to others? and (3) Are there person-level (offspring sex, birth order, perceptions of marital stability) and family-level factors (family size, father education level and education mobility, marital stability) that moderate intergenerational continuity? Multilevel models indicated that intergenerational continuity was particularly robust for childhood social class, but nonsignificant for other early life experiences. Further, intergenerational continuity was moderated by several family-level factors, such that families with higher father education/mobility and marital stability, tended to have offspring with the most optimal early life experiences, regardless of what their father experienced in early life. We discuss the broader theoretical implications for family systems, as well as practical implications for individual-level and family-level interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Ashley N. Dorame
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Horgan
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Michael D. Nevarez
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | | | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
- VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Robert J. Waldinger
- Department of Psychology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lewina O. Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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