1
|
Auen T, Linde E. An Autopsy Case of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Pediatric Decedent With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:72-76. [PMID: 37486961 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is uncommon and even more so in pediatric patients. When asymptomatic, these vascular abnormalities carry increased risk of rupture with increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe a case of a ruptured unrecognized abdominal aortic aneurysm in an 11-month-old patient with a history of TSC. The abdominal aortic aneurysm was discovered at autopsy and highlights the rarity of abdominal aortic aneurysm in pediatric patients diagnosed with TSC and the importance of screening for associated aneurysmal disease in the pediatric population with TSC. Furthermore, the extensive retroperitoneal hemorrhage seen in this case also highlights a rare but potential mimic of abuse in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Auen
- From the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Erin Linde
- Physicians Laboratory Services, Omaha, NE
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hall DL, Fell L, Perez GK, Markwart M, Cammarata C, Si Y, Cantillon A, Park ER, Kuhlthau K. Development and feasibility of a virtual, synchronous mind-body resiliency intervention for fathers of children and youth with special healthcare needs. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY INTEGRATIVE 2024; 5:100052. [PMID: 38469332 PMCID: PMC10927257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Fathers of children and youth with special healthcare needs (FCYSHCN) are an overlooked population at risk for chronic stress. Mind-body practices offer a patient-centered approach to foster coping and resiliency, yet low engagement from fathers in existing programs suggests adaptation is needed. This multiphase study examines the feasibility of a synchronous, virtual mind-body intervention adapted for FCYSHCN. Methods 31 FCYSHCN were recruited online via community partners and recruitment portals in an academic medical center in Boston, MA. Phase 1 consisted of individual interviews (N = 17) to determine fathers' stressors, coping strategies, program needs, and suggested adaptations to the intervention protocol. The Phase 2 single arm pilot feasibility trial (N = 14) consisted of eight weekly 60-minute group sessions delivered virtually. Primary feasibility metrics were attendance (benchmark: mean=6 sessions) and electronic survey completion at baseline and post-intervention. Acceptability was assessed using post-session ratings of program satisfaction (4-point Likert scale; scores ≥3 coded as helpful) and helpfulness (e.g., group structure). Exploratory outcomes included validated measures of stress coping, resiliency, parental stress, depression, anxiety, which were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests (alpha=.05) to generate effect sizes (η2). Results In Phase 1, FCYSHCN discussed primary stressors (e.g., perceived inadequacy as a father) and multifaceted impacts of these stressors on physical, cognitive, emotional, and social wellbeing. Fathers also described coping strategies deemed helpful (e.g., humor) and unhelpful (e.g., "shutting down" from others). Qualitative findings informed intervention modifications. In Phase 2, most FCYSHCN (79%) attended ≥ 6 intervention sessions (mean=7). Follow-up survey completion was high (86%). Session satisfaction was high, with 7/8 sessions rated as helpful by most fathers. Program components deemed most helpful were the group structure, virtual delivery, exposure to a variety of relaxation and meditation skills, and the length of sessions. Although we were not powered to observe pre-post change, stress coping improved (p = .02, η2 = 0.42) and confidence increased in applying relaxation (p = .04, η2 = 0.34) and assertiveness techniques (p = .05, η2 = 0.31). Conclusions The first mind-body resiliency program for FCYSHCN is feasible and acceptable. Further testing is warranted in randomized trials with diverse samples of fathers, an appropriate comparison arm, and longitudinal assessments of psychosocial and biobehavioral outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Hall
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy Fell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giselle K. Perez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Si
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elyse R. Park
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Kuhlthau
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chukwuemeka NA, Obioha CW. Emotion regulation strategies on psychological distress and psychological well-being of caregivers of mentally challenged children: moderating role of social support. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:79-91. [PMID: 38084707 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2289473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the moderating role of social support in the relationship between emotion regulation, psychological distress, and psychological well-being of caregivers of mentally challenged children. A total of 315 caregivers aged 18-62 (Mage = 36.99, SD = 9.90; 38.7% male, 61.3% female) completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale. The results indicated that social support significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and psychological well-being. However, the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and psychological distress was insignificant. The findings suggest that caregivers of mentally challenged children with high social support will report higher psychological well-being when they adopt cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chidiebere Wisdom Obioha
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Health Promotion and Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
- Zonal Administrative Unit, Central Hospital, Oleh, Isoko South, Delta State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bixby LE. Disability Is Not a Burden: The Relationship between Early Childhood Disability and Maternal Health Depends on Family Socioeconomic Status. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:354-369. [PMID: 37097010 PMCID: PMC10486143 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Narratives rooted in ableism portray disabled children as burdens on their families. Prior research highlights health disparities between mothers of disabled children and mothers of nondisabled children, but little is known about how socio-structural contexts shape these inequities. Using longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2,338), this study assesses whether the relationship between early childhood disability and maternal health varies by household socioeconomic status (SES). Findings reveal that, on average, mothers of children disabled by age five report worse health than mothers of nondisabled children; however, this pattern is only evident among lower SES mothers and disappears for higher SES mothers. Contextualizing the findings within the systemic ableism literature highlights how-instead of portraying disabled children as burdens on their families-scholars and policymakers should focus on how ableism and poverty burden disabled people and their families in ways that pattern health risks.
Collapse
|
5
|
Epstein R, Bock SD, Drew MJ, Scandalis Z. Infantilization across the life span: A large-scale internet study suggests that emotional abuse is especially damaging. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhen competent adults are treated like children, negative outcomes sometimes follow. We used a concurrent study design to conduct an internet-based study to determine how infantilization varies by demographic category and which types of infantilization might be most harmful. The test, which measured 15 types of infantilization, was taken by 32,118 people (mean age 27.6) from 153 countries (most from the United States). Test scores were correlated with self-reported happiness, depression, anger, sense of control, and personal and professional success, and regression analyses consistently showed that of the 15 types of infantilization we measured, emotional abuse was by far the best predictor of adverse outcomes. Infantilization was highest during the teen years and decreased gradually throughout adulthood. Effects were found for gender, education, and sexual orientation, with vulnerable groups more subject to infantilization. Our data, collected between 2011 and 2020, appear to parallel recent increases in authoritarianism and intolerance, with total infantilization scores increasing by 30.1% over this period.
Collapse
|
6
|
Emotion regulation and subjective well-being among parents of children with behavioral and emotional problems – the role of self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Jain R, Kalra S, Pawaria S. A cross sectional survey on physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of children with special needs. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mothers are the primary caregivers of a child. While caring for a special needs child, workload of caring increases by manifold and taking care of these children increases physical & mental overload. There is a dearth of studies that have objectively evaluated mental health and fitness of this group. To study status of physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of special needs children a cross-sectional survey done on 100 mothers of special needs children from special schools in the Gurugram District, Haryana, India. The Harvard Step test was used to evaluate cardiac fitness. Standard tests were used to evaluate different components of musculoskeletal fitness. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The Karl Pearson correlation test was used to identify correlations between mental health and fitness components and sociodemographic characteristics. Mean age and body mass index of mothers was 36.15±2.56 years and 27.4±3.25 kg/m2, respectively. 50% of the subjects were overweight, 89% scored poor in cardiopulmonary fitness, 63% had very poor muscle endurance, and 69% had average muscular flexibility. 81% of the mothers had symptoms of clinical depression. Inverse and significant correlation was present between depression and cardiorespiratory fitness (r=-0.197), strength (r=-0.242), and endurance (r=0.209). Income, total number of children and duration of care giving were inversely correlated with depression. Positive correlation was found between type of disability and depression. There was an overall decrement in cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness. Mental health was found to be poor with a large percentage of participants showing symptoms of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Jain
- SGT University, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Budhera Village 122505 Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - S. Kalra
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Science & Research University, School of Physiotherapy, Pushp Vihar, 110017 New Delhi, India
| | - S. Pawaria
- SGT University, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Budhera Village 122505 Gurugram, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagerman TK, McKernan GP, Carle AC, Yu JA, Stover AD, Houtrow AJ. The Mental and Physical Health of Mothers of Children with Special Health Care Needs in the United States. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:500-510. [PMID: 35072870 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of poor mental and physical health among mothers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and to determine the association between maternal health and the child's number of special health care needs (SHCN) and severity of ability limitation. METHODS We used the combined 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health Dataset of 102,341 children ages 0-17 including 23,280 CSHCN. We used regression models to examine the associations of a child's number of SHCN and ability limitations with maternal health. RESULTS Twice as many mothers of CSHCN had poor mental and physical health compared to non-CSHCN (mental 10.3% vs. 4.0%, p < .001; physical 11.9% vs 5.0%, p < .001). In regression models, increased number of SHCN and severity of activity limitations were associated with significantly increased odds of poor maternal health. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Mothers of CSHCN have worse health compared to mothers of non-CSHCN, especially those who experience social disadvantage and those with children with complex SHCN or severe ability limitations. Interventions to improve the health of these particularly vulnerable caregivers of CSHCN are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Hagerman
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gina P McKernan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Carle
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin A Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alyson D Stover
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy J Houtrow
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cardinali P, Rapetti E, Migliorini L. Fear of hypoglycemia in Italian mothers of children with type 1 diabetes: the mediating role of resilience. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:27439. [PMID: 34746495 DOI: 10.52965/001c.27439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fear of hypoglycemia for children with diabetes influences parental life and could increase parental stress. The present study aimed to explore the association between resilience, the self-perception of the parental role, and fear of hypoglycemia in mothers of children with type I diabetes (T1DM). Methods Ninety mothers (mean age: 44.20 years) of children with a T1DM diagnosis (mean age: 11.48 years) were recruited from an association for parents and completed an online self-report questionnaire packet that includes: Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey, Self-Perception of the Parental Role and Resilience Scale for Adults. Participants were recruited in 2017. Data collection lasted 10 months. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package, version 22, and the PROCESS macro program by Hayes. Results The analysis of the mediation model shows that resilience assumes a mediational role in the relationships between the parental role and preoccupation with hypoglycemia. In particular, the mother's perceived competence and role balance can influence the development and increase of the mother's resilience, which in turn can allow a decrease in the mother's worry about the possible hypoglycemic episode of her child. Conclusion The findings suggest that resilience is a significant topic to focus on in interventions designed to increase the self-perception of the parental role and reduce fear of hypoglycemia in mothers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Moonpanane K, Kodyee S, Potjanamart C, Purkey E. Adjusting the family's life: A grounded theory of caring for children with special healthcare needs in rural areas, Thailand. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258664. [PMID: 34695121 PMCID: PMC8544842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to understand the experiences of families of children with special healthcare needs in rural areas in Thailand. Grounded theory (GT) was employed to understand families' experiences when caring for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) in rural areas. Forty-three family members from thirty-four families with CSHCN participated in in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and coding analysis. Adjusting family's life was the emergent theory which included experiencing negative effects, managing in home environment, integrating care into a community health system, and maintaining family normalization. This study describes the process that families undergo in trying to care for CSHCN while managing their lives to maintain a sense of normalcy. This theory provides some intervention opportunities for health care professionals when dealing with the complexities in their homes, communities and other ambulatory settings throughout the disease trajectory, and also indicates the importance of taking into consideration the family's cultural background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salisa Kodyee
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Eva Purkey
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Unmet Needs of Male Caregivers of Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:1992-2001. [PMID: 34652597 PMCID: PMC8518270 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The caregiving experiences and unique health needs of male caregivers of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) are not well described. This study seeks to understand potential unmet health needs and attitudes toward supportive resources from the perspective of a sample of male caregivers of CYSHCN. METHODS This mixed-methods study recruited a convenience sample of 30 men with CYSHCN who receive care for a chronic medical condition from primary care medical homes in Pennsylvania. We conducted semi-structured interviews (SSI), administered quantitative surveys to caregivers, and produced a thematic analysis. The SSI explored the health needs of male caregivers, assessed attitudes toward and preferences regarding supportive resources, and garnered their advice to other caregivers regarding parenting and health care system navigation. RESULTS Participants' median age is 41 years (IQR: 33, 44), and most (80%) reside full time with their CYSHCN. Most male caregivers deprioritized their own emotional, mental, and physical health needs to support the needs of their families. Many male caregivers articulated interest in seeking emotionally supportive resources (not time-intensive). They advised other male caregivers to remain involved in the medical care and wellbeing of their CYSCHN and to openly seek and receive emotional support despite the daily challenges they face. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Male caregivers of CYSHCN experience intense daily stress and express the need for emotionally supportive resources. Programs designed to facilitate such support may benefit from flexible formats (time and location) and involve male caregivers of CYSHCN as both facilitators and participants.
Collapse
|
12
|
McGrane C, Masson N, Martins DC. A group respite pilot project for children with special needs. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:1009-1014. [PMID: 34390040 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Providing ongoing care for a family member or loved one with special needs is challenging. It is estimated that about 21% of the adult population in the United States are providing unpaid care for loved ones at home. Of that group, 5.7% are caring for children with special needs. Special needs can range from developmental delay to the provision of complex medical treatments. Family caregivers take on numerous roles to coordinate activities of daily living, therapies, in-home services, school, and appointments. This is often a great source of stress on family caregivers. Providing the proper support for care to remain at home reduces the disruption to children and families' lives (Carter et al., 2012). A pilot project was developed for children with physical, cognitive, and/or developmental impairment. This project was coordinated by nursing and physical therapy faculty and their students. Parents as well as nursing and physical therapy students benefited mutually. Our preliminary responses from families indicated stress relief from caregiving and benefiting from the ability to talk to other parents in similar circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine McGrane
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Natalie Masson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Diane C Martins
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Woods SB, Bridges K, Carpenter EN. The Critical Need to Recognize That Families Matter for Adult Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1608-1626. [PMID: 31747478 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A systemic approach to researching families and health should capture the complex network within which family members are embedded, including multiple family relationships and larger systems of health care. However, much of the families and health research focused on adult family members has focused solely on intimate partnerships, usually the marital relationship. This neglects the remainder of the powerfully influencing family relationships adults retain, and may increasingly focus on as they age. We conducted a systematic review of the families and adult health literature, retaining 72 articles which were subsequently thematically coded to highlight main foci of this area of research. Results highlight six themes, which include family relationship quality, family composition, behavioral factors in health and health care, psychophysiological mediators, caregiving, and aging health. Findings support an underrepresentation of family members, other than the intimate partner, in research on adult health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Woods
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kate Bridges
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quality of Life and Concerns in Parent Caregivers of Adult Children Diagnosed with Intellectual Disability: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228690. [PMID: 33238511 PMCID: PMC7709017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have confirmed that parenting a child diagnosed with an intellectual disability (ID) can negatively affect the parents’ quality of life in several dimensions. However, fewer have assessed its impact years after the initial diagnosis. The objective of this work was to carry out an in-depth analysis of the current quality of life and concerns of both mothers and fathers of adults diagnosed with ID, having as a reference the moment of the diagnosis. Methods: 16 parents of adult children with ID were evaluated using a semi-structured interview format. A thematic qualitative analysis was carried out by employing ATLAS.ti software. Results: The results suggested that both the emotional and physical well-being of parents, as well as their interpersonal relationships, had declined. In addition, the multiple life changes that had occurred over the time considered in this study, as well as day-to-day worries, had prevented improvements in their quality of life. Conclusions: Several dimensions of the parents’ quality of life were affected years after a child is diagnosed with ID. These included poor physical and psychological health, economic difficulties, lack of social and family support, and lack of time for self-care.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sloan CJ, Mailick MR, Hong J, Ha JH, Greenberg JS, Almeida DM. Longitudinal changes in well-being of parents of individuals with developmental or mental health problems. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113309. [PMID: 32858491 PMCID: PMC7441882 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large body of work demonstrates the impact of caregiving burden on the well-being of parents of individuals with developmental conditions or mental health problems. However, a relative dearth of research examines this impact longitudinally into parents' older age. Objective. The current study examines (1) longitudinal changes in the effect of having a child with a developmental or mental health problem on parental negative affect, psychological well-being, and somatic symptoms, (2) age and gender moderations on these effects, and (3) the unique impact of factors related to the child's condition. Method. This study employs hierarchical linear regression models to examine longitudinal survey data from midlife adults (N = 1,101) from two waves of the National Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Results. Models revealed some evidence for age attenuation of the impact of caregiving stress. Parents of children with developmental problems still had higher negative affect, poorer psychological well-being, and more somatic symptoms on average than parents in a comparison sample, whereas parents of children with mental health problems only showed evidence of higher negative affect compared to this sample. Within-group analyses also revealed differences between each parenting group into later adulthood. Conclusions. Parents of individuals with developmental or mental health problems may be at risk for poorer well-being late in life. Yet, age and gender differences as well as diagnostic group differences nuance these findings. Non-normative parenting poses a risk for parental well-being. Parents' elevated negative affect persisted over time, into later adulthood. For some parents, health consequences attenuated with age. Older parental age was protective for well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlie J Sloan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 335 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Marsha R Mailick
- Waisman Center, University of Wiconsin - Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jinkuk Hong
- Waisman Center, University of Wiconsin - Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jung-Hwa Ha
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jan S Greenberg
- Waisman Center, University of Wiconsin - Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 335 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Homan KJ, Greenberg JS, Mailick MR. Generativity and Well-Being of Midlife and Aging Parents With Children With Developmental or Mental Health Problems. Res Aging 2020; 42:95-104. [PMID: 31698996 PMCID: PMC7031015 DOI: 10.1177/0164027519884759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parents who have a child with a developmental problem or mental disorder often provide support and assistance to their child throughout their lives, and the burden of caregiving can have an adverse impact on parents' mental and physical health. Using Erikson's theory as a framework, the present study investigated generativity as a moderator of the effects of parenting a child with a disability on parents' well-being during mid- to late life. Using data from the study of Midlife in the United States, we identified 220 parents who had a child with a disability and 3,784 parents whose children did not have a disability. Regression analyses showed that the effect of parenting a child with a disability on negative affect, positive affect, and physical health was conditional on both parental gender and generativity, with mothers experiencing greater adverse effects of parenting but showing a benefit from high levels of generativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan S Greenberg
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marsha R Mailick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Changes in Caregiver Health in the Years Surrounding the Birth of a Child With Health Problems: Administrative Data From British Columbia. Med Care 2019; 57:369-376. [PMID: 30908379 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers of children with health problems (CHPs; usually mothers) experience more physical and psychological health problems than those of children without health problems (non-CHPs). Primarily cross-sectional and survey-driven, this literature has not yet explored whether these health differences existed before the birth of the CHPs, or are exacerbated postbirth. METHODS Using linked administrative health data on all mother-child dyads for children born in the year 2000 in British Columbia, Canada, we examined maternal health before, during, and after the birth of CHPs, and compared it between mothers of CHPs and non-CHPs with piecewise growth curve modeling. RESULTS Compared with mothers of non-CHPs, mothers of CHPs had more physician visits (8.09 vs. 11.07), more medication types (1.81 vs. 2.60), and were more likely to be diagnosed with selected health conditions (30.9% vs. 42.5%) 4 years before the birth of the child. Over the 7-year postbirth period, the health of the 2 groups of mothers further diverged: while mothers of CHPs showed increases on physician visits and types of medication, mothers of non-CHPs did not experience any changes in physician visits and had less steep increases for types of medication. CONCLUSIONS Health issues associated with having a child with a health problem may begin well before the birth of the child, but also appear to be exacerbated postbirth. The health challenges of caregivers of CHPs may be multifactorial, involving both preexisting conditions and the stresses associated with caring for a child with health problems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Arim RG, Miller AR, Kohen DE, Guèvremont A, Lach LM, Brehaut JC. Changes in the health of mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities: An administrative data study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 86:76-86. [PMID: 30684833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using linked administrative health data, this study compared the health and healthcare service utilization between mothers of children with and without neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD), before, during, and after the birth of a child. METHODS The population (N = 25,388) was based on a cohort of children born in 2000 and who were, along with their mothers, continuously registered with the British Columbia's universal health insurance program between 2000 and 2007. RESULTS Compared to mothers of children without NDD, mothers of children with NDD were more likely to have chronic conditions and higher service utilization before child birth. Mothers of children with NDD showed a smaller increase in physician visits in the year before birth but a greater increase in different prescription drugs in the year after birth. There was no further divergence (or convergence) in health and service utilization between the groups in the 7-year period post-birth. CONCLUSIONS Differences in health and healthcare service utilization between mothers of children with and without NDD existed before the birth of the child and did not diverge in the 7 years post-birth. Replication of these findings is warranted as well as follow-up analyses examining longer term outcomes for mothers beyond 7 years post-birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubab G Arim
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, 100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6, Canada.
| | - Anton R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Room 2D19, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Dafna E Kohen
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, 100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6, Canada
| | - Anne Guèvremont
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, 100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6, Canada
| | - Lucy M Lach
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 3506 University Street, #300, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Jamie C Brehaut
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 511, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gallagher S, Pilch M, Hannigan A. Prior depressive symptoms and persistent child problem behaviours predict future depression in parents of children with developmental disabilities: The growing up in Ireland cohort study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 80:170-179. [PMID: 30032060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Predictors of depression over time were examined in parental carers of children with developmental disabilities (DD) and parents of typically developing children (controls) who participated in the Growing up in Ireland Study. Parents completed measures of depression, the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale (CES-D) and child problem behaviours, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire when the children were aged 9 (Wave 1) and 13 (Wave 2). Using CES-D cut-off scores to indicate probable depression, caregivers were more likely to be depressed at both waves compared to controls with a Wave 1 rate of depression of 14.6% vs. 7.9% (p < 0.001, Cramer`s V = 0.059) and Wave 2 (14.8% vs. 10%, p = 0.003, Cramer`s V = 0.038). While overall rates of depression were stable for caregivers, a shifting pattern emerged; 59.6% of those who were depressed at Wave 1, were not at Wave 2; similarly, 10.9% who were not depressed at Wave 1, were at Wave 2. Parents of children with DD were also more likely to report greater problem behaviours in their children compared to controls at both waves. Depression in caregivers at Wave 1 and persistent child problem behaviours were significant predictors of depression at Wave 2. In conclusion, while overall rates of depression remain stable in caregivers, there are shifting patterns evident with prior depression and persistent behaviour problems predictive of ongoing depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Dept. of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Monika Pilch
- Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Dept. of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ailish Hannigan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong JD, Shobo Y. Types of Family Caregiving and Daily Experiences in Midlife and Late Adulthood: The Moderating Influences of Marital Status and Age. Res Aging 2017; 39:719-740. [PMID: 28566011 DOI: 10.1177/0164027516681050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the life-course perspective, this study contributes to the family caregiving, aging, and disability literature by examining the daily experiences of three types of family caregivers in midlife and late adulthood. A sample of 162 caregivers from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States study completed interviews, questionnaires, and a Daily Diary Study. Multilevel models showed the patterns of daily time use did not differ by caregiver types. Caregivers of sons/daughters with developmental disabilities (DD) experienced more daily stressors than caregivers of parents with health conditions (HC) and caregivers of spouses with HC. Unmarried caregivers of sons/daughters with DD reported spending more time on daily leisure activities and exhibited greater daily stressor exposure than other family caregivers. Age did not moderate the associations between caregiver types and daily experiences. Findings highlight the important consideration of the caregivers' characteristics to better determine the quality of their daily experiences in midlife and late adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen D Wong
- 1 Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yetunde Shobo
- 2 Department of Budget and Strategic Planning, DHP Healthcare Workforce Data Center, Virginia Board of Health Professions, Richmond City Government, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patton KA, Ware R, McPherson L, Emerson E, Lennox N. Parent-Related Stress of Male and Female Carers of Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities and Carers of Children within the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Comparison. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2016; 31:51-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiri A. Patton
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Robert Ware
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability; The University of Queensland; Mater Hospital; Raymond Terrace; South Brisbane Qld Australia
- School of Population Health; The University of Queensland; Herston Qld Australia
| | - Lyn McPherson
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability; The University of Queensland; Mater Hospital; Raymond Terrace; South Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research & Policy; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Centre for Disability Research; Lancaster University; UK
| | - Nicholas Lennox
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability; The University of Queensland; Mater Hospital; Raymond Terrace; South Brisbane Qld Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gore JS, Griffin DP, McNierney D. Does Internal or External Locus of Control Have a Stronger Link to Mental and Physical Health? PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
23
|
Sola-Carmona JJ, López-Liria R, Padilla-Góngora D, Daza MT, Aguilar-Parra JM, Salido-Campos MÁ. Factors Associated with the Anxiety, Subjective Psychological Well-Being and Self-Esteem of Parents of Blind Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162294. [PMID: 27603670 PMCID: PMC5014325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to examine the connection of the personal, social and family context, educational variables with the levels of anxiety, subjective psychological well-being and self-esteem in a sample of 61 parents of blind children. Results suggest that parents present less anxiety when they have only one child, possess a technical degree, receive remuneration for their work, their child’s visual impairment is not progressive, their knowledge about their child’s disability is appropriate, and their leisure and labour possibilities have not been affected. Their psychological well-being is higher when they are married in first nuptials and perceive that their health is good. Their well-being is negatively related to reduced leisure, and self-esteem is lower when labour possibilities have been affected. In order for these families to achieve a more pleasant life, with greater psychological well-being, lower anxiety and higher self-esteem, professionals should be aware of the aspects with a negative impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Remedios López-Liria
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - David Padilla-Góngora
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María Teresa Daza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lovell B, Wetherell MA. The psychophysiological impact of childhood autism spectrum disorder on siblings. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 49-50:226-234. [PMID: 26720849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The negative impact of caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on parents' psychophysiological functioning has been widely evidenced. However, siblings, who also face emotional, social and physical challenges associated with having a brother/sister with ASD, have been less widely studied. This study examined the psychophysiological impact of childhood ASD on siblings. METHODS A sample of 25 siblings of children with ASD (and their mothers) and a control group of 20 siblings of neuro-typical children (and their mothers) completed questionnaires assessing: (a) demographic and lifestyle information, (b) family characteristics, (c) child behaviour problems, (d) social support and (e) depressive symptomology. Saliva samples were collected at several time points on two consecutive days, and estimates of the cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope and mean diurnal cortisol output were derived. RESULTS Total depressive symptoms were higher in siblings of children with ASD compared with controls. Group differences with respect to depressive symptomology were driven more by emotional than functional problems. With respect to physiological functioning, groups were comparable on all cortisol indices. In siblings of children with ASD, social support, especially from parents and close friends, predicted total depressive symptoms, as did the behaviour problems of their brother/sister with ASD. CONCLUSION Siblings of children with ASD experience greater emotional problems and overall depressive symptoms compared with a control group. Interventions that enhance social support, as well as helping siblings better understand the behaviour problems of their brother/sister with ASD, might be effective for alleviating depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lovell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Mark A Wetherell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|