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Castagna PJ, Babinski DE, Waschbusch DA. Callous-unemotional traits moderate the association between inhibitory control and disruptive behavior problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02582-9. [PMID: 39276248 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits may not be unique to conduct disorder (CD) but also extend to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). While a distinct neurocognitive profile characterizes CU traits, it remains unclear whether this CU-related neurocognitive profile differs between youth with CD and ODD. This study investigated whether CU traits moderate the relationship between inhibitory control and CD or ODD symptoms. We leveraged computational modeling to decompose task-based inhibitory control in a sample of 200 children (59.5% boys, 86.5% Caucasian), aged 8 to 15 years (M = 10.10, SD = 1.88), referred to an outpatient child diagnostic clinic focused on externalizing problems. Analyses examined whether CU traits moderated the relationship between inhibitory control and CD or ODD symptoms while controlling for ADHD symptoms and child demographics. The results indicated that the strength of the relationship between inhibitory control and CD and ODD symptoms varies as a function of CU traits. Specifically, CD was linked to a more cautious decision-making style when elevated CU traits were present, whereas ODD was associated with more efficient decision making. These findings suggest distinct neurocognitive profiles based on CU traits, which vary between CD and ODD. Clinically, this underscores the importance of tailoring interventions for CD-CU and ODD-CU, focusing on decision making processes rather than merely addressing impulsivity. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between neurocognitive processes and disruptive behavior, with significant implications for both theoretical models and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Castagna
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 368C Gordon Palmer Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Dara E Babinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Winters DE, Dugré JR, Sakai JT, Carter RM. Executive function and underlying brain network distinctions for callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in adolescents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.565009. [PMID: 37961691 PMCID: PMC10635075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.565009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of executive function (EF) impairments in youth antisocial phenotypes of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems (CP) challenge identifying phenotypic specific EF deficits. We can redress these challenges by (1) accounting for EF measurement error and (2) testing distinct functional brain properties accounting for differences in EF. Thus, we employed a latent modeling approach for EFs (inhibition, shifting, fluency, common EF) and extracted connection density from matching contemporary EF brain models with a sample of 112 adolescents (ages 13-17, 42% female). Path analysis indicated CU traits associated with lower inhibition. Inhibition network density positively associated with inhibition, but this association was strengthened by CU and attenuated by CP. Common EF associated with three-way interactions between density*CP by CU for the inhibition and shifting networks. This suggests those higher in CU require their brain to work harder for lower inhibition, whereas those higher in CP have difficulty engaging inhibitory brain responses. Additionally, those with CP interacting with CU show distinct brain patterns for a more general EF capacity. Importantly, modeling cross-network connection density in contemporary EF models to test EF involvement in core impairments in CU and CP may accelerate our understanding of EF in these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E. Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jules R Dugré
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph T. Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - R. McKell Carter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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de Graaf IE, Bolhuis K, Cecil CAM, White TH, van Dongen JDM. Child Neuropsychological Functioning and Interpersonal Callousness as Predictors of Externalising Behaviour in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Population-based Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1465-1480. [PMID: 37289329 PMCID: PMC10543790 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Externalizing problems are a key predictor of individual functioning in adulthood. Therefore, identifying possible risk factors for externalising problems is valuable for optimising prevention and treatment programmes. Previous research has shown that (domains of) neuropsychological functioning predict externalising problems later in life. However, the influence of callous traits, and sex as potential moderators in this relation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations between neuropsychological functioning in children (at age 8 years) and later externalising behaviour in adolescence (at age 14 years), as well as to test the role of callous traits (at age 10 years) and sex as moderating factors. The analyses were conducted using data from 661 Dutch children from the population-based Generation R Study (47.2% female). We found no association between neuropsychological functioning and later externalising behaviour. However, callous traits predicted externalising problems at age 14 years. Further, callous traits moderated the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour, though this association dropped below the statistical significance level when adjusted for confounders. Specifically, while higher neuropsychological functioning was associated with more externalising behaviour in children with high callous traits, lower neuropsychological functioning was not associated with externalising behaviour in children with low callous traits. Although boys showed significantly higher externalising behaviours compared to girls, no moderating effect of sex was found on the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting a distinct neurocognitive profile in children with high vs low callousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel E de Graaf
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, 3062, Rotterdam, PA, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya H White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section of Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josanne D M van Dongen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, 3062, Rotterdam, PA, the Netherlands.
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Tillem S, Dotterer HL, Goetschius LG, Lopez-Duran N, Mitchell C, Monk CS, Hyde LW. Antisocial behavior is associated with reduced frontoparietal network efficiency in youth. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad026. [PMID: 37148314 PMCID: PMC10275549 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Youth antisocial behavior (AB) is associated with deficits in socioemotional processing, reward and threat processing and executive functioning. These deficits are thought to emerge from differences in neural structure, functioning and connectivity, particularly within the default, salience and frontoparietal networks. However, the relationship between AB and the organization of these networks remains unclear. To address this gap, the current study applied unweighted, undirected graph analyses to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a cohort of 161 adolescents (95 female) enriched for exposure to poverty, a risk factor for AB. As prior work indicates that callous-unemotional (CU) traits may moderate the neurocognitive profile of youth AB, we examined CU traits as a moderator. Using multi-informant latent factors, AB was found to be associated with less efficient frontoparietal network topology, a network associated with executive functioning. However, this effect was limited to youth at low or mean levels of CU traits, indicating that these neural differences were specific to those high on AB but not CU traits. Neither AB, CU traits nor their interaction was significantly related to default or salience network topologies. Results suggest that AB, specifically, may be linked with shifts in the architecture of the frontoparietal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Tillem
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hailey L Dotterer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leigh G Goetschius
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nestor Lopez-Duran
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Tarai S, Qurratul QA, Ratre V, Bit A. Neurocognitive functions of prosocial and unsocial incongruency information during language comprehension: evidence from time–frequency analysis of EEG signals. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:1033-1053. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Waschbusch DA, Babinski DE, Fosco WD, Haas SM, Waxmonsky JG, Garon N, Nichols S, King S, Santor DA, Andrade BF. Inhibitory Control, Conduct Problems, and Callous Unemotional Traits in Children with ADHD and Typically Developing Children. Dev Neuropsychol 2022; 47:42-59. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2022.2032713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine
| | - Dara E. Babinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine
| | - Whitney D. Fosco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine
| | - Sarah M. Haas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine
| | - James G. Waxmonsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine
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