When are fakers also drinkers? A self-control view of emotional labor and alcohol consumption among U.S. service workers

Leaders' emotional labour and abusive supervision: The moderating role of mindfulness

In this study, we examine how leaders' emotional labour strategies (surface acting and deep acting) deplete leaders' self-control resources to predict abusive supervision, in addition to the moderating role of leader mindfulness. Integrating ego-depletion theory and emotion regulation theory, we hypothesise that deep acting and surface acting predict higher levels of abusive supervision, which is mediated by reduced self-control. Furthermore, we predict that leaders' trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between emotional labour and self-control on abusive supervision. Results from a three-wave study of leader-follower dyads supported mediation hypotheses; both deep and surface acting predicted abusive supervision, which is mediated by reduced self-control. Our moderated mediation hypotheses were supported for deep acting but not surface acting. This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the depleting nature of emotional labour in leadership and the importance of leader mindfulness as a boundary condition that can make deep acting less harmful for leader behaviour.

Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students

Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward's method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.

Workplace Supported Recovery from Substance Use Disorders: Defining the Construct, Developing a Model, and Proposing an Agenda for Future Research

Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a critical public and occupational health issue. Therefore, understanding the process of SUD recovery has become an issue of growing importance among substance use and recovery professionals. Nonetheless, despite the acknowledged importance of employment for SUD recovery, little conceptual or empirical work exists on how the workplace might support or undermine SUD recovery. In this article, we address this limitation in several ways. First, to promote a better understanding of SUD recovery for occupational health researchers, we provide a brief overview of the nature of a SUD, prior definitions of SUD recovery, and general themes associated with the recovery process. Second, we develop a working definition of workplace supported recovery. Third, we present a heuristic conceptual model showing how the workplace might impact the SUD recovery process. Fourth, using this model and research from the substance use and occupational health literatures, we develop a series of general research propositions. These propositions highlight broad directions requiring more detailed conceptualization and empirical research to understand better how work conditions may support or undermine the process of employee SUD recovery. Our overarching goal is to motivate innovative conceptualization and research on workplace supported recovery from SUDs. Such research may inform the development and evaluation of workplace interventions and policies supporting SUD recovery and highlight the benefits of workplace supported SUD recovery for employees, employers, and communities. Research on this issue may allow occupational health researchers to impact a significant societal and occupational health issue.

Binge Drinking Among Public Sector Food Service Workers in Brazil: Physical and Psychosocial Demands on Focus

OBJECTIVE

To investigate occupational risk factors associated with binge drinking (BD) among public sector food service workers in a Brazilian capital.

METHODS

All workers from the Government-backed Economy Restaurant Program (GbERP) in Belo Horizonte city were evaluated. BD was defined as consumption of five or more doses (male) or four or more doses (female) of alcoholic beverages on a single occasion within 30 days. Occupational psychosocial and physical stressors were the main exposure variables; sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle variables were inserted as potential confounding factors. We performed logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 214 people participated in the study and 30.7% reported BD. Psychosocial (violence and high demands) and ergonomic aspects were associated with the outcome.

CONCLUSION

There was a high prevalence of BD among GbERP workers. Actions are necessary to reduce violence and high strain and consequently BD.

[Alcohol prevention in the workplace: current workplace concepts for addiction prevention and addiction assistance programmes]

Zur Vorbeugung von Alkoholproblemen am Arbeitsplatz und zur Hilfe bei Suchtgefährdung hat sich das Standardmodell der betrieblichen Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe bewährt. Kernelemente sind: 1) Information und Aufklärung, 2) frühzeitige Interventionen, 3) Qualifizierung und Beratung von Personalverantwortlichen und 4) Hilfeangebote für Beschäftigte. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst die historische Entwicklung der betrieblichen Alkohol- und Suchtprävention kurz beschrieben, Forschungsergebnisse werden dargestellt und danach wird auf Maßnahmen zur Prävention, zur Intervention bei Suchtgefährdung und zur Reduzierung des Alkoholkonsums am Arbeitsplatz eingegangen.

In den 1970er-Jahren wurden betriebliche Suchtpräventionsprogramme nach US-amerikanischem Vorbild in Deutschland etabliert. Im Jahr 2006 veröffentlichte die Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen (DHS) erstmals die „Qualitätsstandards in der betrieblichen Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe“ und ermöglichte allen Betrieben den Zugriff auf fachlich abgestimmte und rechtlich aktuelle Materialien. Das ist bedeutsam, um angemessene Maßnahmen zur Regulierung und Reduzierung des Alkoholkonsums am Arbeitsplatz zu treffen. Zum Präventionsauftrag der Führungskräfte gehört die Unterweisung der Beschäftigten zur Vermeidung gesundheitlicher Gefährdungen. Sobald Verstöße gegen die Arbeitssicherheit vorliegen, sind Vorgesetzte zudem verpflichtet einzugreifen. Generell sollten sie bei Auffälligkeiten möglichst frühzeitig intervenieren. Bei riskantem Suchtmittelgebrauch und Suchtgefährdung wird nach einer gestuften Gesprächsfolge verfahren. Unterstützungsangebote von internen oder externen Beratungsstellen werden empfohlen.

Alkohol- und Suchtprävention ist Teil des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements. Besonders nachhaltig wirkt sie dort, wo das Programm in einer Betriebs- oder Dienstvereinbarung festgeschrieben wurde und verbindlich umgesetzt wird.

Emotion Work: A Work Psychology Perspective

Emotion work, the management of feelings and emotional displays in response to emotion work requirements, can have both positive and negative effects on well-being and performance. Adopting a work psychology perspective and drawing on work stress and work design literatures, we outline an expanded model of emotion work, regarding emotion work requirements as job characteristics and as part of broader task requirements. The challenge-hindrance stressors framework helps explain positive effects of emotion work in terms of professional role fulfillment. We emphasize the importance of negative events and negative emotions for outcomes of surface acting conditions, and we highlight the often-neglected role of automatic emotion regulation in emotion work. Research on culture suggests that existing results are mostly valid for Western cultures. Practical and research implications refer to a stronger emphasis on conditions at work in general, including stressors and resources, which together determine the meaning of emotion work conditions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity attenuates bi-directional associations between negative affect and avoidant coping: A daily diary study

INTRODUCTION

Avoidant coping plays an important role in the maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, existing investigations have been limited in their assessment of coping as a static process - despite evidence that the coping strategies individuals use to manage stressors vary across time and contexts. Further, research has relied on cross-sectional designs, precluding determination of the directionality of the negative affect-avoidant coping association. The current study addresses these limitations by using a daily diary method to examine the moderating role of PTSD symptom severity on reciprocal relations between negative affect and avoidant coping.

METHODS

Participants were 1,188 trauma-exposed adults (M age = 19.2, 56% female, 79% White) who provided daily diary data for 30 days via online surveys. Multi-level models were tested to evaluate the moderating role of PTSD symptom severity in the daily relations between negative affect and avoidant coping during the 30-day period.

RESULTS

Levels of daytime negative affect were assoicated with use of evening avoidant coping. Use of evening avoidant coping were associated with levels of next-day daytime negative affect. PTSD symptom severity moderated these relations. For individuals with more (vs. less) severe PTSD symptoms, the association of negative affect to avoidant coping was weaker and the association of avoidant coping to negative affect was stronger.

LIMITATIONS

Findings must be interpreted in light of limitations, including self-report measures and assessment of a alcohol using sample of college students.

DISCUSSION

These findings advance our understanding of the negative affect-avoidant coping association among trauma-exposed individuals.

Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City

Background

Research on the emotional labor of firefighters is actively being carried out, but studies that analyze emotional labor separately by job types, working departments, and other conditions of firefighters are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in emotional labor level between departments and other conditions of firefighters.

Methods

A total of 287 Korean firefighters were included for analysis. The demands of emotional labor and emotional damage were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale. To analyze the conditions and factors affecting the emotional labor level of the firefighters, logistic regression analysis was performed using the emotional labor high risk group as a dependent variable.

Results

The average score of overall emotional labor level of the firefighters was 47.2 ± 17.3, and the prevalence of high risk firefighters with emotional labor was 27.1%. It was found that the emergency medical service and administration departments showed a higher prevalence of high risk emotional labor firefighters than did other departments. The result of multiple logistic regression analysis for the high risk emotional labor firefighters showed that the adjusted odds ratio of emergency medical service department compared to the reference group (the rescue department) was 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-8.24).

Conclusions

Among the firefighters, the emergency medical service department is a high risk factor for emotional labor. Therefore, education and prevention training on emotional labor should be more thorough before work shifts.

Emotional Labor: Scale Development and Validation in the Chinese Context

Based on the specific cultural context to add greater theoretical precision to emotional labor, we developed the Chinese version scale of emotional labor. For a comprehensive construct development and validation of the new scale, we carried out five studies. First, we used grounded theory methodologies, performed analysis of data from field observations of 15 frontline employees through insider's angle (Study 1) and in-depth interviews with 35 employees (Study 2), and preliminarily glimpsed the main content of emotional labor in China. Second, combined with existing literature and open-ended questionnaires with 110 employees (Study 3), we identified four dimensions labeled as surface acting, deep acting, expression of naturally felt emotions and emotion termination, and established the initial items. Third, Study 4 with 166 service workers from China was performed to demonstrate the validity, reliability, and acceptable psychometric properties of the scale and thus formed the formal scale. Finally, multi-wave data with 403 Chinese samples (Study 5) were collected for validating the formal scale. Future researchers can employ this validated scale to investigate emotional labor in Chinese service settings. We expect the emotional labor phenomena in the Chinese context can add valuable and novel insight into the stock of emotional labor knowledge in numerous geographical and cultural contexts.