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Crombag HS, Duka T, Stephens DN. The Continuing Challenges of Studying Parallel Behaviours in Humans and Animal Models. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38976140 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal models continues to be essential for carrying out research into clinical phenomena, including addiction. However, the complexity of the clinical condition inevitably means that even the best animal models are inadequate, and this may go some way to account for the apparent failures of discoveries from animal models, including the identification of potential novel therapies, to translate to the clinic. We argue here that it is overambitious and misguided in the first place to attempt to model complex, multifacetted human disorders such as addiction in animals, and especially in rodents, and that all too frequently "validity" of such models is limited to superficial similarities, referred to as "face validity", that reflect quite different underlying phenomena and biological processes from the clinical situation. Instead, a more profitable approach is to identify (a) well-defined intermediate human behavioural phenotypes that reflect defined, limited aspects of, or contributors to, the human clinical disorder, and (b) to develop animal models that are homologous with those discrete human behavioural phenotypes in terms of psychological processes, and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Examples of past and continuing weaknesses and suggestions for more limited approaches that may allow better homology between the test animal and human condition are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans S Crombag
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Theodora Duka
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - David N Stephens
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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2
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Leeman RF, Berey BL, Frohe T, Vásquez Ferreiro A, O’Malley SS. Impaired Control (Both Attempts to Control Drinking and Failed Control) as Prospective Predictors of Negative Outcomes Among Young Adults Who Drink Heavily. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:508-521. [PMID: 38315139 PMCID: PMC11289869 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired control over alcohol is a hallmark of addiction relevant to young adults, but additional prospective findings are needed, particularly in samples reporting heavy drinking. Further, we lack understanding of how attempts and failed efforts to control drinking relate to each other in predicting outcomes. We hypothesized that attempted and failed control would prospectively predict outcomes, with endorsement of both being especially problematic. METHOD We used data from young adults reporting heavy drinking who enrolled in laboratory alcohol self-administration studies (n = 109). Mixed-effects models were used to predict drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking, and negative consequences across baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Interactions by time and between attempted and failed control were tested. RESULTS Higher failed control was associated with steeper declines in consequences and heavy drinking over time compared with lower failed control. However, higher attempted or failed control was still associated with more consequences and alcohol use than lower impaired control at multiple time points. A significant interaction indicated that the combination of higher attempted and failed control was associated with the most drinks per drinking day. There was also a significant Attempted × Failed Control interaction for heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence supporting impaired control over alcohol use as a risk factor among young adults. Those reporting both higher attempted and failed control drank the most per day. Either attempted or failed control was associated with negative consequences. Those reporting both higher attempted and failed control may be in greatest need of intensive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Leeman
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, School of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Benjamin L. Berey
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tessa Frohe
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Vásquez Ferreiro
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie S. O’Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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3
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Starski P, Siegle A, Hopf FW. Engagement for alcohol escalates in the 5-choice serial reaction time task after intermittent access. Alcohol 2024; 115:79-92. [PMID: 38286210 PMCID: PMC11278111 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Excessive intake plays a significant role in the development of alcohol use disorder and impacts 15 million Americans annually, with approximately 88 000 dying from alcohol related deaths. Several facets we contribute to alcohol use disorder include impulsivity, motivation, and attention. Previous studies have used the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-Choice) to analyze these types of behaviors using sugar, but recently we have published using 10% alcohol as the reward. This study analyzed 48 mice that were trained to respond for alcohol in the 5-Choice. All mice distributed and analyzed first by alcohol preference and then by consumption. Here, we became interested in a new classification called "engagement". High-engaged and low-engaged mice were determined by the number of correct responses during final Late-Stage training sessions. Interestingly, during Early-Stage training, the mice began to separate themselves into two groups based on their interaction with the task. Throughout both training stages, high-engaged mice displayed a greater number of trials and correct responses, as well as a lower percentage of omissions compared to low-engaged mice. Following three weeks of intermittent access homecage drinking, low-engaged mice showed greater increase in perseverative responding relative to high-engaged. Additionally, low-engaged mice decreased their reward and correct latencies compared to high-engaged mice suggesting an increase in motivation for alcohol. Overall, engagement analysis presents two clearly different groups, with only one being motivated to work for alcohol. These two distinct phenotypes in the 5-Choice could be used to model alcohol motivated behavior, which could help us further understand alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Addyson Siegle
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Woodward Hopf
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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4
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Ingesson-Hammarberg S, Jayaram-Lindström N, Hammarberg A. Predictors of treatment outcome for individuals with alcohol use disorder with a goal of controlled drinking. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:12. [PMID: 38388959 PMCID: PMC10882804 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is lacking on predictors of outcome for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with a goal of controlled drinking (CD). The aim of the study was to investigate one-year outcomes of an RCT, investigating Behavioral Self-Control Training (BSCT) and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) and predictors of positive outcome for weekly alcohol consumption, CD and symptom reduction in AUD. METHODS This study is based on secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial including 250 individuals with AUD (52% men) recruited from three specialized addiction clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. Linear and logistic mixed regression models were used for outcomes at 52 weeks, and linear and logistic regression models for the predictor analyses. RESULTS BSCT was superior to MET for the change between baseline to 52 weeks for the outcome of CD, defined as low-risk drinking below ten standard drinks per week for both genders (p = 0.048). A total of 57% of individuals in BSCT attained a level of CD, as opposed to 43% in MET. Females were significantly better in attaining low-risk drinking levels compared to men. The predictor for obtaining CD and reducing weekly alcohol consumption, was a lower baseline alcohol consumption. Predictors of symptom reduction in AUD were lower baseline level of AUD, and a lower self-rated impaired control over alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS BSCT was superior to MET in obtaining CD levels, and women were superior to men for the same outcome. The study corroborated baseline consumption levels as an important predictor of outcome in CD treatments. The study contributes with important knowledge on key treatment targets, and knowledge to support and advice patients in planning for treatment with a goal of controlled drinking. TRIAL REGISTRATION The original study was registered retrospectively at isrtcn.com (14539251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Ingesson-Hammarberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hammarberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
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Starski P, Siegle A, Hopf F. Engagement for Alcohol Escalates in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task After Intermittent Access. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569396. [PMID: 38077076 PMCID: PMC10705492 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrollable binge drinking is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue in our society. This is a factor that plays a role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD impacts 15 million Americans annually, with approximately 88,000 dying from alcohol related deaths. There are several aspects of AUD that encourage a strong dependence on alcohol. Impulsivity, motivation, and attention are the primary behavioral facets we contribute to AUD. Many past studies have used the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-Choice) to analyze these types of behaviors using sugar as the reward. We have recently published a study where alcohol was used as a reward in the 5-Choice. 48 mice were trained to respond for alcohol in the 5-Choice, and the analyses for these animals were originally categorized by their alcohol preference and consumption. Upon looking at the data, we became more interested in a new way to classify these mice into groups. High engaged (HE) and low engaged (LE) mice were classified based on their number of correct responses in the last five late-stage sessions. During early-stage training, mice began to separate themselves into two groups based on their interaction with the task. The high-engaged (HE) mice were much more engaged with the task by having a high number of trials and correct responses, as well as a much lower percentage of omissions. The low engaged (LE) mice were not as engaged, this was apparent because of their lower number of trials and correct responses. They also had a much higher percentage of omissions in comparison to HE mice. LE mice presented no significant changes in late-stage training, while HE mice began responding and engaging more. These mice went through a period of intermittent access (IA), where they were allowed to drink alcohol in their cage for 3 weeks. After intermittent access, LE mice increased their responding which suggests an increase in motivation for alcohol as a reward. Engagement analysis presents two clearly different groups, one being motivated to work for alcohol and the other not wanting to work for this reward. These two distinct phenotypes in the 5-Choice could be used to model alcohol motivated behavior, which could help us further understand AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Addyson Siegle
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Frederic Hopf
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Yan K, Feng Y, Liu Z, Shi W, Jiang Y, Liu J. Impulsivity Drives Adolescents to Smoke and Drink: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Resilience and Depression. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216894. [PMID: 37982432 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
High and rising rates of smoking and drinking among Chinese adolescents are contributing to increasingly serious physical and mental health issues. While impulsivity has been demonstrated to be significantly related to adolescent cigarette and alcohol use, little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. The current study focused on resilience and depressive symptoms as potential mediators of this link, exploring the indirect pathways connecting impulsivity to teenage tobacco and alcohol use. Possible gender differences in this indirect pathway were also explored. Participants were secondary school students from southern China (N = 3466; 49.2% were female; Mage = 14.18; SDage = 1.57). Results revealed that adolescents who were more impulsive used cigarettes and alcohol more frequently, and that this effect was partially mediated by lower resilience and more depressive symptoms. It is noteworthy that there were gender differences in this mediating effect, with the effect of impulsivity on cigarette use for girls being mediated by resilience and depressive symptoms, whereas this statistically significant association was not identified for boys. These findings show how adolescents' impulsivity drives them to smoke and drink, and also emphasize gender as a crucial consideration for intervening with adolescents' drinking and smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yubin Jiang
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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7
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Olsson Y, Hodzic K, Wass C, Lidö H, Stangl BL, O'Connor S, Plawecki MH, Ramchandani VA, Söderpalm B, Jerlhag E. Free-access intravenous alcohol self-administration in social drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorder: Evaluation of relationships with phosphatidylethanol and self-reported alcohol consumption. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1453-1466. [PMID: 37331818 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free-access (FA) intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) paradigm is an experimental approach that can identify modulators of alcohol consumption in humans. Moreover, the outcome measures of IV-ASA paradigms are associated with self-reported alcohol intake using the timeline follow-back method (TLFB). To evaluate how FA IV-ASA reflects drinking in real life, we examined the relationship between an objective marker of recent alcohol intake, phosphatidylethanol in blood (B-PEth), and TLFB and measures obtained during IV-ASA in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and social drinkers (SD). We also explored the associations between these measures and gut-brain peptides involved in AUD pathophysiology. METHODS Thirty-eight participants completed a laboratory session in which they self-administered alcohol intravenously. The safety limit was 200 mg%, and main outcomes were mean and peak breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC). Blood samples were drawn prior to IV-ASA and subjective alcohol effects were rated during the experiment. RESULTS The study sample comprised 24 SD and 14 participants with DSM-5 mild AUD. Although BrACs were not associated with B-PEth or TLFB in the full sample or AUD subgroup, there was an association with TLFB in SD. In both subgroups, BrACs were associated with alcohol craving but with differential timing. Total ghrelin levels were higher in AUD participants than in SD. CONCLUSIONS No associations between B-PEth levels and achieved BrACs were observed in the mild AUD group, the SD group, or the full sample. The ability for FA IV-ASA to reflect recent drinking was confirmed only for TLFB in SD, whereas there were no associations within the smaller subsample of participants with mild AUD or in the full sample. Further studies that include a larger AUD sample are warranted. The association of BrACs with craving for alcohol suggests that the IV-ASA method may be useful for assessing interventions that target craving. This could be explored by using the FA IV-ASA model to evaluate the effects on craving of approved pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Olsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenan Hodzic
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wass
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helga Lidö
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Patock-Peckham JA, Corbin WR. Impaired control over drinking predicts changes in alcohol-related consequences over and above alcohol use and facets of impulsivity. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107534. [PMID: 36332513 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) states that behavioral intention is the strongest determinant of human behavior. Impaired control (IC; Heather et al., 1993) reflects an intentional failure to consume less alcohol. Cross-sectional studies suggest that IC may mediate relations between impulsivity facets and drinking outcomes but there is only one prospective study examining ICS-Failed-Control (Leeman et al., 2009) and it did not account for effects of impulsivity-facets. Our study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining ICS-Failed-Control as a mediator of relations between impulsivity facets and alcohol-related consequences. We fit a three-wave cross-lagged panel model in a sample of 448 young adults (21-23) from an alcohol challenge study with longitudinal follow-ups (6 and 12 months). Participants completed the UPPS-P, TLFB Interview, the ICS-Failed-Control scale and the YAACQ. Although IC did not mediate effects of impulsivity on alcohol consequences, IC significantly predicted changes in alcohol-related problems at the12-month follow-up, accounting for effects of UPPS-P constructs as well as alcohol use. Lack of premeditation predicted change in alcohol use from baseline to 6-month follow-up and alcohol use (at 6-months) mediated the effect of premeditation (at baseline) on alcohol consequences (at 12-months). Our findings suggest that ICS-Failed-Control is not a mediator of the effects of impulsivity but is a unique predictor of consequences. Future studies should assess UPPS-P constructs earlier in adolescence to identify potential prospective links between UPPS-P constructs and IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Patock-Peckham
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - W R Corbin
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Starski P, Maulucci D, Mead H, Hopf F. Adaptation of the 5-choice serial reaction time task to measure engagement and motivation for alcohol in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:968359. [PMID: 36187376 PMCID: PMC9522902 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.968359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is related to excessive binge alcohol consumption, and there is considerable interest in associated factors that promote intake. AUD has many behavioral facets that enhance inflexibility toward alcohol consumption, including impulsivity, motivation, and attention. Thus, it is important to understand how these factors might promote responding for alcohol and can change after protracted alcohol intake. Previous studies have explored such behavioral factors using responding for sugar in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT), which allows careful separation of impulsivity, attention, and motivation. Importantly, our studies uniquely focus on using alcohol as the reward throughout training and testing sessions, which is critical for beginning to answer central questions relating to behavioral engagement for alcohol. Alcohol preference and consumption in male C57BL/6 mice were determined from the first 9 sessions of 2-h alcohol drinking which were interspersed among 5-CSRTT training. Interestingly, alcohol preference but not consumption level significantly predicted 5-CSRTT responding for alcohol. In contrast, responding for strawberry milk was not related to alcohol preference. Moreover, high-preference (HP) mice made more correct alcohol-directed responses than low-preference (LP) during the first half of each session and had more longer reward latencies in the second half, with no differences when performing for strawberry milk, suggesting that HP motivation for alcohol may reflect “front-loading.” Mice were then exposed to an Intermittent Access to alcohol paradigm and retested in 5-CSRTT. While both HP and LP mice increased 5-CSRTT responding for alcohol, but not strawberry milk, LP performance rose to HP levels, with a greater change in correct and premature responding in LP versus HP. Overall, this study provides three significant findings: (1) alcohol was a suitable reward in the 5-CSRTT, allowing dissection of impulsivity, attention, and motivation in relation to alcohol drinking, (2) alcohol preference was a more sensitive indicator of mouse 5-CSRTT performance than consumption, and (3) intermittent alcohol drinking promoted behavioral engagement with alcohol, especially for individuals with less initial engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Danielle Maulucci
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hunter Mead
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Frederic Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Frederic Hopf,
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10
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Martín-Pérez C, Vergara-Moragues E, Fernández-Muñoz JJ, García-González JM, García-Moreno LM. Reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol consumption in women: The parallel mediation effect of self-control and impulsivity traits. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1333-1340. [PMID: 36036761 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1941522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Little research has been carried out on the associations between several individual factors and hazardous alcohol use in women. The aim of this study was first, to study the relationship between reward sensitivity (RS) and alcohol use in both women with and without hazardous drinking separately. Second, to explore the potential mediating roles of the impulsivity and self-control traits in this relationship. Method: The study was analytical and cross-sectional and included 645 female participants (mean age = 19.14; standard deviation (SD)=1.60). All women were divided into two groups (286, 44.3%, with hazardous drinking, HDW; and 359, 55.7%, with light drinking, LDW). Correlation analyses were carried out to explore the associations between the variables, and parallel mediation analyses were performed to investigate the potential mediating roles of impulsivity and self-control in the RS-alcohol use associations in each group separately. Results: A significant association was observed between RS and alcohol use in HDW, contrary to that observed in their counterparts. In addition, both higher impulsivity and less self-control mediated the association between RS and alcohol use only in HDW. Conclusions: Impulsivity and self-control differently affect alcohol use under the condition of high reward sensitivity, only in HDW, suggesting alterations of the dual top-down and bottom-up mechanisms and a possible imbalance between the competing reflexive and impulsive brain systems. More research is needed regarding the individual factors that affect women's drinking to develop sensitive measures for the assessment of alcohol use and more efficient interventions for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Fernández-Muñoz
- Area of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Miguel García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Katner SN, Sentir AM, Steagall KB, Ding ZM, Wetherill L, Hopf FW, Engleman EA. Modeling Aversion Resistant Alcohol Intake in Indiana Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081042. [PMID: 36009105 PMCID: PMC9406111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the substantial social and medical burden of addiction, there is considerable interest in understanding risk factors that increase the development of addiction. A key feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is compulsive alcohol (EtOH) drinking, where EtOH drinking becomes “inflexible” after chronic intake, and animals, such as humans with AUD, continue drinking despite aversive consequences. Further, since there is a heritable component to AUD risk, some work has focused on genetically-selected, EtOH-preferring rodents, which could help uncover critical mechanisms driving pathological intake. In this regard, aversion-resistant drinking (ARD) takes >1 month to develop in outbred Wistar rats (and perhaps Sardinian-P EtOH-preferring rats). However, ARD has received limited study in Indiana P-rats, which were selected for high EtOH preference and exhibit factors that could parallel human AUD (including front-loading and impulsivity). Here, we show that P-rats rapidly developed compulsion-like responses for EtOH; 0.4 g/L quinine in EtOH significantly reduced female and male intake on the first day of exposure but had no effect after one week of EtOH drinking (15% EtOH, 24 h free-choice paradigm). Further, after 4−5 weeks of EtOH drinking, males but not females showed resistance to even higher quinine (0.5 g/L). Thus, P-rats rapidly developed ARD for EtOH, but only males developed even stronger ARD with further intake. Finally, rats strongly reduced intake of quinine-adulterated water after 1 or 5 weeks of EtOH drinking, suggesting no changes in basic quinine sensitivity. Thus, modeling ARD in P-rats may provide insight into mechanisms underlying genetic predispositions for compulsive drinking and lead to new treatments for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Katner
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alena M. Sentir
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kevin B. Steagall
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zheng-Ming Ding
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Frederic W. Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eric A. Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of the Impaired Control Scale for individuals with alcohol use disorder. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2022; 39:553-567. [DOI: 10.1177/14550725221110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Impaired Control Scale. Impaired control (IC) over alcohol consumption is a core symptom of alcohol use disorder and a predictor of treatment outcome, but measures of IC are not well utilised in clinical practice. Methods: The study comprised 250 individuals from a randomised controlled trial conducted at an adult outpatient addiction clinic in Sweden. The statistical analyses concern dimensionality, convergent and divergent validity, reliability, measurement invariance and sensitivity to change. Results: Regarding dimensionality, a principal component analysis of the standardised residuals from a Rasch model indicated some evidence of further dimensions underlying the responses in the Failed Control (FC) and Perceived Control (PC) parts. Two parallel items (12 and 22 respectively) seemed to drive potential multidimensionality. When these items were excluded, goodness of fit to one-dimensional models was improved. Tests of convergent and divergent validity showed that failed control had the strongest associations to impaired control and alcohol use disorder while the attempted control part was not associated with the construct of impaired control or alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: The present results show that the FC part is the most valid measure of the underlying construct of IC. In addition, FC had close to a large effect in regard to sensitivity to change. This suggests that the FC part has potential utility for use as an assessment and evaluation tool of treatment effect on impaired control of drinking.
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13
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Waddell JT, King SE, Okey SA, Marohnic SD, Corbin WR. Prospective Effects of UPPS-P Impulsivity and Typical Drinking Context on Future Drinking Behavior. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:212-222. [PMID: 35254244 PMCID: PMC8909921 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that impulsivity is a risk factor for problem drinking, but prior studies have yet to examine typical drinking context as a potential moderator of relations between impulsivity and drinking outcomes. Guided by Person-Environment Transactions Theory, the current study tested whether five facets of impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) interacted with typical drinking context to prospectively predict drinking quantity. METHOD Young adult participants (N = 448; mean age = 22.27) were recruited from a southwestern university and the surrounding community. Data from a baseline survey (Time [T] 1) and a 1-year follow-up (T2) were used for the current analyses. Impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), typical drinking context, and typical drinking quantity were assessed at T1, and typical drinking quantity at T2. RESULTS Context items were loaded onto latent factors comprising high-arousal (e.g., at a tailgate, large house party) and low-arousal (e.g., at a restaurant, on a date) drinking contexts. In univariate (separated by UPPS-P facet) and multivariate (UPPS-P facets together) models, lack of premeditation and positive urgency interacted with high-arousal drinking contexts to predict T2 drinking, such that individuals at high/mean levels of impulsivity drank more heavily the more frequently they drank in high-arousal contexts. Only interactions in univariate models remained significant after a false discovery correction, although effect sizes were very similar across univariate and multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation may be particularly vulnerable to riskier drinking behavior in high-arousal environments. Findings advance the literature on context-specific cues that may be important intervention targets, particularly for individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Scott E. King
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Sarah A. Okey
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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14
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Waddell JT, King SE, Okey SA, Marohnic SD, Corbin WR. Prospective Effects of UPPS-P Impulsivity and Typical Drinking Context on Future Drinking Behavior. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:212-222. [PMID: 35254244 PMCID: PMC8909921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that impulsivity is a risk factor for problem drinking, but prior studies have yet to examine typical drinking context as a potential moderator of relations between impulsivity and drinking outcomes. Guided by Person-Environment Transactions Theory, the current study tested whether five facets of impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) interacted with typical drinking context to prospectively predict drinking quantity. METHOD Young adult participants (N = 448; mean age = 22.27) were recruited from a southwestern university and the surrounding community. Data from a baseline survey (Time [T] 1) and a 1-year follow-up (T2) were used for the current analyses. Impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), typical drinking context, and typical drinking quantity were assessed at T1, and typical drinking quantity at T2. RESULTS Context items were loaded onto latent factors comprising high-arousal (e.g., at a tailgate, large house party) and low-arousal (e.g., at a restaurant, on a date) drinking contexts. In univariate (separated by UPPS-P facet) and multivariate (UPPS-P facets together) models, lack of premeditation and positive urgency interacted with high-arousal drinking contexts to predict T2 drinking, such that individuals at high/mean levels of impulsivity drank more heavily the more frequently they drank in high-arousal contexts. Only interactions in univariate models remained significant after a false discovery correction, although effect sizes were very similar across univariate and multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation may be particularly vulnerable to riskier drinking behavior in high-arousal environments. Findings advance the literature on context-specific cues that may be important intervention targets, particularly for individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,Correspondence may be sent to Jack T. Waddell at the Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister, Tempe, AZ 85281, or via email at:
| | - Scott E. King
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Sarah A. Okey
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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15
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Lebiecka Z, Skoneczny T, Tyburski E, Samochowiec J, Jędrzejewski A, Wirtz J, Kühn S, Nielsen AS, Mellentin AI, Michelis LA, Kucharska-Mazur J. Personality-Related Factors and Depressive Symptomatology Predict Behavioral Control in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866657. [PMID: 35873248 PMCID: PMC9300871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of increasing social, economic, and health consequences of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and limited effects of available treatment options, the search for novel prevention and management methods continues to remain a timely and valid endeavor. This, however, requires a better grasp of the theoretical framework underlying addiction mechanisms. With the goal to extend the existing body of evidence on AUDs, we set out to investigate the effect of personality-related factors and depressive symptomatology on (i) impulsivity, (ii) cognitive response inhibition, and (iii) the links between the two measures of behavioral control (different facets of impulsivity and response inhibition) in a treatment-seeking AUD sample. To this end, 53 male (n = 45) and female (n = 8) inpatients at an alcohol rehabilitation center completed three self-report questionnaires: the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-50), the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and performed one behavioral task-an alcohol go/no go task. Regression analyses revealed conscientiousness, intellect, and depression level to be important potential predictors of self-report impulsivity and processing speed in recovering drinkers. No significant links were observed between the two measures of behavioral control, thus complementing evidence that while they both encompass behavioral under-regulation, they may indeed represent distinct psychological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Lebiecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skoneczny
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Jędrzejewski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janina Wirtz
- Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Søgard Nielsen
- Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, Odense Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Angelina Isabella Mellentin
- Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, Odense Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leonie Ascone Michelis
- Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Taguba KK, Keough MT, Bravo AJ, Wardell JD. Measuring Impaired Control over Cannabis Use: Initial Evaluation of the Impaired Control Scale-Cannabis (ICS-C). Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1303-1312. [PMID: 35621317 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2079137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Impaired control is a central concept in addiction. Impaired control over alcohol has been associated with heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems in young adults, but there is less research on impaired control over cannabis. Currently, there is no validated self-report instrument that comprehensively assesses impaired control over cannabis use. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a new measure, the Impaired Control Scale-Cannabis (ICS-C), which was adapted from the widely used Impaired Control Scale (ICS) for alcohol. Method: The sample consisted of students at two Canadian universities who reported past-month cannabis use (N = 362; 63% women; 66% White, mean age = 19.91). Participants completed an online survey including the ICS-C and ICS, along with measures of cannabis use, cannabis problems, alcohol use, impulsivity, and self-regulation. Results: After trimming problematic and redundant items, the final exploratory factor analysis of the ICS-C items yielded two factors: Attempted Control (attempts to control cannabis use) and Failed Control (unsuccessful attempts to limit cannabis use). High correlations between the ICS-C subscales and the Impaired Control subscale of the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire provided evidence for convergent validity. Support for concurrent and discriminant validity was observed in the associations of the ICS-C subscales with cannabis use, cannabis problems, impulsivity, self-regulation, alcohol use, and the alcohol ICS. Conclusions: The ICS-C is a promising tool for assessing impaired control over cannabis in young adults. Future research should further validate the ICS-C and examine its potential clinical utility for identifying individuals at risk for cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wardell
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Li MT, Zhang J, Zhang DC, Che QQ, Liu ZL, Yang PW, Luo XW, Cai TS. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale in a Chinese Sample. Front Psychol 2021; 12:717029. [PMID: 34764905 PMCID: PMC8576389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In contrast to the drug situation in the rest of the world, synthetic drugs, rather than traditional drugs, have been the dominant abused drugs in China since 2019. However, the public misconception that synthetic drugs are not as addictive as traditional drugs, such as opioids and the scarcity of specific measurement instruments, have hindered the clinical diagnosis and treatment of synthetic drug abusers, thus the development of a localized instrument to evaluate dependence on synthetic drugs is in urgently needed. Method: Using a sample of 618 Chinese synthetic drug abusers (Mean age = 34.69 years; 44.17% female), the present study developed and examined the psychometric properties of a self-reporting instrument, the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale (SDDS), which consists of four subscales: physical dependence, psychological dependence, health injury, and social function injury. Results: The SDDS revealed a three-factor model structure (weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 0.876, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.965, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.953, and Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070), with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.912, alfa = 0.801) and convergent validity. Elevated scores on the SDDS were associated with a higher level of reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, and stronger impulsivity. Interestingly, psychological dependence was the only significant predictor (p < 0.05) of criterion variables compared with the other three subscales, implying the important role of psychological factors in synthetic drugs dependence. Adequate measurement equivalence across sex, age (18–30 and 31–57 years old), and employment group (employed and unemployed) was also established. Conclusion: The SDDS appears to be an effective and reliable instrument that could be used to further investigate the characteristics of synthetic and traditional drug dependence, promoting a deeper understanding of the physical and psychological roles in drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ting Li
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Corrective Education, Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Zhang
- School of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Che
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze-Lan Liu
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Wei Luo
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tai-Sheng Cai
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Chukwueke CC, Nona CN, McPhee MD, Mansouri E, Rubin-Kahana DS, Martinez D, Boileau I, Hendershot CS, Le Foll B. Exploring regulation and function of dopamine D3 receptors in alcohol use disorder. A PET [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2112-2120. [PMID: 34349232 PMCID: PMC8336665 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies support an important role of dopamine D3 receptors (DRD3s) in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In animals, voluntary alcohol consumption increases DRD3 expression, and pharmacological blockade of DRD3s attenuates alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking. However, these findings have yet to be translated in humans. This study used positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]-(+)-PHNO to compare receptor levels in several dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and DRD3 regions of interest between AUD subjects in early abstinence (n = 17; 6.59 ± 4.14 days of abstinence) and healthy controls (n = 18). We recruited non-treatment seeking subjects meeting DSM-5 criteria for AUD. We examined the relationship between DRD2/3 levels and both alcohol craving and alcohol motivation/wanting, using a cue reactivity procedure and an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IVASA) paradigm, respectively. [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding levels in AUD subjects were significantly lower than binding in HCs when looking at all DRD2/3 ROIs jointly (Wilk's Λ = .58, F(6,28) =3.33, p = 0.013, η2p = 0.42), however there were no region-specific differences. Binding values demonstrate -12.3% and -16.1% lower [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SMST and SN respectively, though these differences did not withstand Bonferroni corrections. There was a positive association between [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SN (almost exclusively reflective of DRD3) and alpha (lower values reflect higher alcohol demand) in the APT after Bonferroni corrections (r = 0.66, p = 0.0080). This demonstrates that AUD subjects with lower DRD3 levels in the SN exhibit increased demand for alcohol. These results replicate previous findings demonstrating reduced DRD2/3 levels while also supporting a lack of DRD3 upregulation and potential downregulation in early abstinent AUD. Furthermore, the finding that binding in the SN is associated with alcohol demand warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidera C Chukwueke
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Matthew D McPhee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dafna S Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diana Martinez
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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19
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The Effect of Parental Attachment on Risky Alcohol Use and Disordered Eating Behaviors in College Students. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Evans SM, Reed SC. Impulsivity and the effects of alcohol in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:395-406. [PMID: 32658534 PMCID: PMC8372544 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at greater risk to develop alcohol use disorders. Whereas impulsivity has been postulated as a behavioral mechanism linking childhood trauma and alcohol use, few studies have comprehensively examined impulsivity in women with CSA. We compared women with a history of CSA (n = 21) and control women who did not endorse CSA or other major traumas (CON; n = 21) on self-report measures of impulsivity and risk taking. Additionally, performance on behavioral impulsivity and subjective response to alcohol were examined before and after acute alcohol (0.00, 0.50, 0.75 g/kg) administration. Overall, women with CSA responded more impulsively than CON women on the immediate and delayed-memory tasks (measures of response initiation) and the GoStop task (a measure of response inhibition). Whereas alcohol produced dose-related increases in impulsive responding on the immediate memory task in both groups, alcohol-induced increases in response inhibition on the GoStop task were evident only in the CSA group. In contrast, women with CSA exhibited less risk taking than the CON group on the balloon analogue risk task. Alcohol produced dose-related increases on several subjective response measures (e.g., alcohol liking) in both groups; however, these ratings tended to be greater in women with CSA. These preliminary data suggest that women with CSA may be more impulsive. Importantly, impulsivity can lead to hazardous drinking, and alcohol consumption can further increase impulsivity, putting women with CSA at increased risk for sexual revictimization, particularly in the context of alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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21
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Zaso MJ, Hendershot CS, Wardell JD, Bagby RM, Pollock BG, Quilty LC. Characterizing the role of impaired control over alcohol in associations of impulsive personality traits with alcohol use as a function of depressive disorder. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106633. [PMID: 32949836 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive personality traits have well-documented associations with at-risk drinking, although the role of impaired control over alcohol in these associations requires further study. Additionally, it remains unknown whether such relationships differ in the context of concurrent depressive disorder, which is a priority due to the high rates of mood dysregulation particularly in clinical samples. This project examined associations of impulsivity, impaired control over alcohol, and alcohol use within 201 adult general outpatients recruited from specialty mental health and addictions clinics at a psychiatric hospital. Outpatients completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Patient version (SCID) and assessments of impulsivity, impaired control over alcohol, and alcohol use. Over 35% of outpatients met criteria for a current depressive disorder. Path models supported associations of impulsivity with impaired control over alcohol and, in turn, at-risk drinking that differed significantly as a function of current depression. Among individuals with current depression, greater tendency to act rashly when experiencing negative affect (negative urgency) was associated with more frequent failures to control drinking (failed control) and, in turn, more at-risk drinking. In contrast, among individuals without current depression, greater positive urgency and lower sensation seeking were associated with greater failed control and, in turn, more at-risk drinking. Findings represent an important step toward clarifying the role of impaired control over alcohol in impulsivity and alcohol use associations and suggest divergent associations of negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking with at-risk drinking across clinical presentations.
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22
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Lin H, Wang F, Rosato AJ, Farrer LA, Henderson DC, Zhang H. Prefrontal cortex eQTLs/mQTLs enriched in genetic variants associated with alcohol use disorder and other diseases. Epigenomics 2020; 12:789-800. [PMID: 32496132 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the function of genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified variants associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD)/comorbid psychiatric disorders. Materials & methods: Genome-wide genotype, transcriptome and DNA methylome data were obtained from postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 48 Caucasians (24 AUD cases/24 controls). Expression/methylation quantitative trait loci (eQTL/mQTL) were identified and their enrichment in GWAS signals for the above disorders were analyzed. Results: PFC cis-eQTLs (923 from cases+controls, 27 from cases and 98 from controls) and cis-mQTLs (9,932 from cases+controls, 264 from cases and 695 from controls) were enriched in GWAS-identified genetic variants for the above disorders. Cis-eQTLs from AUD cases were mapped to morphine addiction-related genes. Conclusion: PFC cis-eQTLs/cis-mQTLs influence gene expression/DNA methylation patterns, thus increasing the disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Boston University's & National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Rosato
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - David C Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.,Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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23
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Canning JR, Patock-Peckham JA, Walters KJ, Bauman DC, Frohe T, Leeman RF. Perfectionism discrepancy and falling short of the ideal self: Investigating drinking motives and impaired control on the road to alcohol-related problems. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 159. [PMID: 32132764 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-Discrepancy Theory (Higgins, 1987) predicts that the difference between the ideal and the actual self will be associated with impaired-control-over-drinking (IC; dysregulated drinking beyond one's own limits) as well as alcohol-related-problems. According to Slaney et al. (2001) perfectionism is a multi-faceted personality trait which represents both adaptive (e.g. high-standards) and maladaptive (e.g. discrepancy) aspects. In particular, discrepancy has been associated with poorer coping approaches, which may suggest a Self-Medication route to IC. Yet, to date, no one has examined whether drinking-motives (e.g., social, enhancement, coping and conformity) mediate the relations between discrepancy and high standards and alcohol-outcomes such as IC. We used a structural equation model to test indirect associations of discrepancy and high-standards to both heavy-episodic-drinking and alcohol-related-problems through the mediating mechanisms of drinking-motives and IC. Results supported the distinction between discrepancy and high-standards consistent with the Self-Medication Hypothesis (Hersh & Hussong, 2009). Discrepancy was associated with poorer alcohol-outcomes through greater coping-motives, conformity-motives and IC. In contrast, higher-standards were associated with fewer alcohol-outcomes through less coping-motives, conformity-motives, and IC. This study illustrates the importance of personality factors such as discrepancy in the development of problematic alcohol-use suggesting that it might be a good target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Canning
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | - D C Bauman
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Tessa Frohe
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, Center for Addiction Research & Education, Southern HIV & Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Robert F Leeman
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, Center for Addiction Research & Education, Southern HIV & Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
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Corbin WR, Berey BL, Waddell JT, Leeman RF. Relations Between Acute Effects of Alcohol on Response Inhibition, Impaired Control over Alcohol Use, and Alcohol-Related Problems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1123-1131. [PMID: 32154586 PMCID: PMC8007334 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consistently impairs response inhibition in the laboratory, and alcohol impairment of response inhibition may lead to excess consumption or increases in intoxicated risk behavior, both of which contribute to risk for alcohol-related problems. To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined relations between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and either impaired control over alcohol (i.e., inability to adhere to predetermined drinking limits) or real-world alcohol-related problems. The current study addressed this gap in the literature. METHODS Young adult social drinkers (N = 215, 76% male) participated in a between-subjects, placebo-controlled alcohol challenge study and completed self-reports approximately 2 weeks later. Multilevel models were used to examine the hypothesis that alcohol impairment of response inhibition would indirectly lead to alcohol-related problems through impaired control over alcohol use. RESULTS Greater alcohol-induced impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol use were both significant predictors of alcohol-related problems. However, greater alcohol-induced response inhibition was not a significant predictor of impaired control over alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating relationships between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and real-world alcohol-related problems and the first to address relationships between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol use. These results suggest that impaired control over alcohol use may result from deficits in the trait ability to control behavior rather than deficits in alcohol-induced response inhibition. Regardless, results suggest that alcohol impairment of response inhibition and impaired control over alcohol are both worthwhile intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert F Leeman
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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The Association between Alcohol Hangover Frequency and Severity: Evidence for Reverse Tolerance? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101520. [PMID: 31546619 PMCID: PMC6832275 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hangover is a common consequence of heavy alcohol consumption, the area is heavily under-researched. Hangover frequency is a potential predictor of future alcohol use disorder that may be affected by hangover severity, yet the relationship between hangover frequency and severity has not been investigated. Using different methodologies and assessment instruments, two surveys, and one naturalistic study collected data on hangover frequency, hangover severity, and alcohol consumption. The relationship between hangover frequency and severity was investigated via correlational analysis, considering potentially moderating variables including alcohol intake, estimated blood alcohol concentration, demographics, and personality characteristics. In all the three studies, a positive and significant association between hangover frequency and severity was found, which remained significant after correcting for alcohol intake and other moderating factors. These findings suggest that hangover severity increases when hangovers are experienced more frequently and may be driven by sensitization or reverse tolerance to this aspect of alcohol consumption. Future research should further investigate the relationship between hangover frequency and severity and alcohol use disorder and its implications for prevention.
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Sehrig S, Weiss A, Miller GA, Rockstroh B. Decision- and feedback-related brain potentials reveal risk processing mechanisms in patients with alcohol use disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13450. [PMID: 31380569 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are aware of the risks of alcohol abuse yet continue risky drinking. Research indicates that dysfunctional decision processes and trait variables such as impulsivity contribute to this awareness-behavior discrepancy. The present study focused on decision-related versus feedback-related processes as potential contributors to decision making in AUD by examining the relationship between decision choices and decision- and feedback-related ERP phenomena in the balloon analogue risk task (BART). N = 39 AUD and n = 35 healthy comparison participants (HC) performed the BART modified for EEG assessment. In each of 100 runs, participants made a series of choices about whether to pump up a virtual balloon, which popped pseudorandomly, ending the run. Alternatively, participants ended the run by pressing a "cash-out" button. Each pump not producing a pop provided .05 €; popping resulted in loss of the run's accumulated gain. Groups made similar choices, though AUD responded more slowly. The decision P3 200-400 ms after decision prompt (balloon) was larger in AUD than in HC, and decision P3 enhancement on high-risk trials predicted choices to pump. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) after loss (relative to cash out) feedback was smaller in AUD than in HC, suggesting indifference to negative feedback. In AUD, high impulsivity was associated with risk-modulated decision P3 but not FRN. Results indicate atypical decision- and feedback-related processes that could contribute to difficulties in engaging with daily challenges effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sehrig
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Chu EMY, O'Neill M, Purkayastha DD, Knight C. Huntington's disease: a forensic risk factor in women. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 31367459 PMCID: PMC6657174 DOI: 10.1186/s40734-019-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder. Associated cognitive deficits including impulsivity and disinhibition are the same factors that also predispose to forensic risk. Men tend to be perpetrators of more severe violent behaviours than women and women are less likely than men to be arrested for violence. This finding is not applicable in the case of women with Huntington's disease and explored in the three clinical cases of women with HD and their forensic histories that are subsequently described. Case presentation 'A' was admitted from court following a charge of arson and reckless behavior, with increasing severity and frequency of self-harm and attempted suicide. This case demonstrates someone who had previously presented to psychiatric services on multiple occasions for various reasons, culminating in a serious criminal charge of arson due to psychiatric symptoms associated with HD.'B' was arrested and imprisoned after having been charged with actual bodily harm (ABH) for assaulting her partner and young daughter then breaking her bail conditions. Although she was gene positive for HD she had no neurological symptoms of the disease. B was given leave but needed to be recalled to hospital by police. Six weeks later the medical recommendation for a court imposed hospital order was overturned as B presented and articulated her case so convincingly in court. This case demonstrates that even in the absence of psychiatric history or movement disorder there may be substantial forensic risk indicated by subtle underlying cognitive deficits due to changes in executive function affecting the frontal lobes.'C' was admitted to acute psychiatric services after being found wandering in traffic wanting to die. She had been diagnosed with HD in the previous year and had a long criminal record on a background of alcohol dependency. Following transfer to a specialist psychiatric unit, she engaged well with a neurobehavioural levels system which rewards desirable and appropriate behaviours and she responded well to a highly structured environment resulting in discharge to a community placement. Conclusions These three case studies aim to highlight the need to raise awareness of the increased forensic risk in women with HD. Although criminal behaviour is less frequently observed in women than men and usually violence is less severe in women, HD may cause or contribute to criminal behaviour that can be violent in nature in women who are gene carriers for HD even in the absence of movement disorder, psychiatric symptoms or overt cognitive deficits. Assessment and earlier treatment in appropriate hospital settings may successfully contain and modify behaviours leading to reduced levels of risk and recidivism in this vulnerable patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina May-Yin Chu
- 1Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, 2nd Floor Russell Square House, London, WC1B 5EH UK.,2Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Mari O'Neill
- Clinical Psychology, Priory Group, Melton Mowbray, UK
| | | | - Caroline Knight
- Elysium Neurological Services, Elysium Healthcare, St Neots Hospital, St Neots, Cambridgeshire UK.,The Oakleaf Group, Hartwell, Northamptonshire UK.,7School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire UK
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