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Vismaya A, Gopi A, Romate J, Rajkumar E. Psychological interventions to promote self-forgiveness: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38725052 PMCID: PMC11084121 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being able to forgive one's own wrongdoings improves the health and well-being of a person. People find it difficult to forgive themselves due to different reasons. It is essential to enhance the ability to accept one's deeds and thereby enhance self-forgiveness. The current systematic review's objective is to comprehend the application and efficiency of numerous interventions that improve self-forgiveness. METHODS The search was done on electronic databases such as PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycNet, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 399 articles. After the duplicate removal, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. Two studies were identified through related references. Thus, 21 articles were finalized for review. The study adhered to the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews. RESULTS The 21 finalized articles varied in method, participants, research design, duration, measurement tools used, and observed outcomes. Thirteen of the 21 finalized articles followed interventions specifically designed to promote self-forgiveness. Interventions are seen to be applied at both individual and group levels. CONCLUSION The review categorizes the interventions into self-directed and group. The self-directed interventions, notably those based on Enright's process model, demonstrate its efficiency in nurturing self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness interventions are also found to be effective in promoting other positive psychological and clinical variables. Further implications and future research avenues are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vismaya
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, 585367, Kalaburagi, India.
| | - Aswathy Gopi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, 585367, Kalaburagi, India.
| | - John Romate
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, 585367, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
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Berg SJ, Zaso MJ, Biehler KM, Read JP. Self-Compassion and Self-Forgiveness in Alcohol Risk, Treatment and Recovery: A Systematic Review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2987. [PMID: 38769941 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-compassion and self-forgiveness are two self-focused, positive coping approaches that may reduce risk of problem drinking and/or aid in treatment/recovery from alcohol use disorder. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate support for the unique and complementary roles of self-compassion and self-forgiveness in alcohol outcomes. METHODS A systematic literature search yielded 18 studies examining self-compassion, 18 studies examining self-forgiveness and 1 study examining both constructs in alcohol outcomes. RESULTS Findings suggest greater self-compassion and self-forgiveness relate to lower likelihood of problem drinking. Self-forgiveness was considerably more researched in treatment/recovery outcomes than self-compassion; self-forgiveness-based interventions appear able to improve drinking-adjacent outcomes, and self-forgiveness may increase across various alcohol treatments. Finally, research suggests that associations of self-compassion and/or self-forgiveness with alcohol outcomes could be driven by numerous factors, including coping-motivated drinking, depression, psychache, social support perceptions, mental health status and/or psychiatric distress. CONCLUSIONS Self-compassion and self-forgiveness both appear protective against harmful alcohol outcomes. Nevertheless, many questions remain about the role of self-forgiveness and, particularly, self-compassion in alcohol treatment and recovery outcomes. Future research should examine whether targeted interventions and/or adjunctive therapeutic supports designed to increase self-compassion or self-forgiveness can reduce alcohol use disorder symptoms to facilitate alcohol treatment and recovery success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Berg
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michelle J Zaso
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Biehler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Amitay G, Ronel N. The Practice of Spiritual Criminology: A Non-Doing Companionship for Crime Desistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:420-441. [PMID: 34994230 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211066828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spiritual criminology (SC) is an umbrella term for various criminological theories, models and practices that share reference to the spiritual dimension of human existence. Informed by a growing body of research that applies spiritual approaches to various aspects of criminology, SC attempts to provide a common thread shared by most approaches to spirituality: a voluntary self-journey that begins with an elevated level of self-centeredness and is aimed at self-transformation. Based on an extensive review of the literature, this paper proposes three general principles for spiritual accompaniment of people who offended: mindful non-doing, being and acting; love and compassion; and compassionate inclusion. These principles can be applied by combining several practices: renouncing control over knowledge, process and outcomes; creating a moral atmosphere that includes forgiveness and nonjudgment; and self-modeling. SC is shown to contribute to the rehabilitation of people who offended and also to crime prevention.
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Côté M, Dufour M, Tremblay J. Integrative couple treatment for pathological gamblers with an emphasis on forgiveness processes: A case study with three couples. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:1017-1039. [PMID: 35698442 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gambling's impact on a couple's relationship is an essential element in the gambling disorder (GD). Gamblers tend to lie to their partner to conceal the extent of their gambling problems and debts, which can lead to a serious relational transgression for the couple. One promising avenue is a couple treatment focusing on forgiveness processes. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gamblers (ICT-PG) with an emphasis on forgiveness processes helped couples to enhance these processes. A Single-Case Research Design (SCRD) was used with three couples in which one of the members had a GD. The results highlight the importance of jointly analyzing the forgiveness processes between the gamblers and their partner, which constantly influenced each other. These promising results illustrate the relevance of integrating forgiveness processes in treatment for couples where one of the members has a GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Côté
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CISSS-CA, Lévis, QC, Canada
- Institut Universitaires sur les Dépendances (IUD), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chaire de recherche sur l'étude du jeu, Université Concordia, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Dufour
- Institut Universitaires sur les Dépendances (IUD), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chaire de recherche sur l'étude du jeu, Université Concordia, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Tremblay
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CISSS-CA, Lévis, QC, Canada
- Institut Universitaires sur les Dépendances (IUD), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Recherche et intervention sur les substances psychoactives - Québec (RISQ), UQTR, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Positive addiction recovery therapy: a pilot study. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/add-06-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new programme of work designed to improve the recovery and well-being of people in early addiction recovery. The programme, known as positive addiction recovery therapy (PART), is attentive to the recovery process through the G-CHIME (growth, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life and empowerment) model of addiction recovery. It also uses the values in action character strengths and includes a set of relapse prevention techniques.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental design using repeated measures has been adopted. Measures for recovery capital, well-being and level of flourishing were selected and pre- and post-data collected. Primary data analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Participants (n = 30) were required to be in early addiction recovery, classified as having been abstinent for between three and six months.
Findings
The results showed a statistically significant improvement in participant well-being. This was also true for recovery capital and flourishing. Whilst a meaningful increase was seen in all measures, exploratory analysis found females responded better to the PART programme.
Practical implications
This study emphasises the importance of adopting a holistic therapeutic approach, one that considers multifaceted components of recovery such as those outlined in the G-CHIME model.
Originality/value
This study evaluates a new programme of work designed to improve the recovery outcome and mental well-being of people who are in early addiction recovery.
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Haynes CJ, Deane FP, Kelly PJ. Suicidal ideation predicted by changes experienced from pre-treatment to 3-month postdischarge from residential substance use disorder treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 131:108542. [PMID: 34172341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) are at an elevated risk for suicide. Abstinence and drug-related treatment outcomes remain integral to SUD treatment, but recovery incorporates more than just the absence of substance use or mental illness and including positive mental health indices in assessment and treatment of suicidality is needed. AIMS The current study investigates the role of traditional indicators of recovery, as well as positive psychology constructs, in predicting suicidal ideation following residential SUD treatment. METHOD The study utilized a longitudinal design with baseline and 3-month postdischarge follow-up assessments of 791 individuals who attended residential SUD treatment in Australia. RESULTS Rates of suicidal ideation decreased from baseline to follow-up, and the magnitude of change in most indices was associated with suicidal ideation at follow-up assessment. In a hierarchical logistic regression, baseline suicidal ideation, as well as a reduction in psychological distress, increase in refusal self-efficacy, and increase in self-forgiveness, emerged as significant predictors of follow-up suicidal ideation. The final model correctly classified 98.8% of participants as not experiencing SI, and 8.7% of participants as experiencing SI at follow-up, resulting in a total predictive accuracy of 86.9%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that changes in traditional recovery indices may facilitate reductions in suicidality. As a whole, changes in positive psychology indices did not add to the ability to predict suicidal ideation once traditional indices had been accounted for, but this does not preclude the importance of these indices to SUD treatment and suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Haynes
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Australia
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Australia
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Amitay G, Hawa-Kamel D, Ronel N. Sufi Non-Doing Offender Rehabilitation: Positive and Peacemaking Criminology in Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2021; 65:916-936. [PMID: 33522338 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x21990782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Offender rehabilitation is a challenging goal that calls for ongoing creative innovations. Amongst is a non-doing rehabilitative initiation that is inspired by spiritual traditions. The aim of this paper is to present an application of non-doing offender rehabilitation that has no declared intention to rehabilitate, carried by a peacemaking Islamic Sufi route. Based on the positive criminology approach, we conducted a qualitative phenomenological study consisted of interviews with 11 ex-prisoners who were employed in the Shadhiliyya-Yashrutiyya Sufi order as construction workers and also with 35 Sufi disciple and leaders. We identified five themes of non-doing: (1) atmosphere; (2) modeling; (3) social inclusion and suspension of judgement; (4) spiritual meaning; (5) feasibility of transformative processes. The discussion presents principles of a model of non-doing rehabilitation in a spiritual community and emphasizes the research innovation in presenting non-doing as a holistic method of inclusion within a transformative faith community.
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Kerlin AM. Women in Christian Substance Abuse Treatment; Forgiveness, Attachment Styles, and Improvements in Co-occurring Mental Health Symptoms. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:3168-3192. [PMID: 31721008 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of The Recovery Center at Shalom House Ministries and examine the relationship(s) between forgiveness, attachment styles, drug and alcohol abuse, self-reported mental health symptoms, and cognitive functioning. Participants (N = 118 women) attended Shalom Recovery (2016-2018). Statistically significant improvement was found between entrance and the 3-month mark on all measures, with 67.9% completing the program. Findings indicated that the revenge motivations correlated with depression, self-esteem, anxiety, and avoidance of intimacy with God, but only this latter scale contributed to a multiple regression model on revenge motivations at program entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Kerlin
- Luther Rice College and Seminary, 3038 Evans Mill Road, Lithonia, GA, 30038, USA.
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Webb JR, Toussaint LL. Self-Forgiveness as a Critical Factor in Addiction and Recovery: A 12-Step Model Perspective. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1391057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon R. Webb
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Krentzman AR. Longitudinal Differences in Spirituality and Religiousness between Men and Women in Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders. PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY 2016; 9:S11-S21. [PMID: 29250216 PMCID: PMC5730350 DOI: 10.1037/rel0000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compares men and women with alcohol use disorders on levels and trajectories of spirituality and religiousness over 30 months while controlling for critical covariates. Men (n=92) and women (n=65) entering abstinence-based treatment were assessed for drinking behavior, spirituality, and psychosocial variables in a longitudinal panel study. Multiple regression tested for baseline differences and multi-level models tested for differences from baseline to 6 months (early recovery) and from 6 to 30 months (later recovery) in seven dimensions of spirituality/religiousness. Between baseline and 6 months, women had higher scores than men for forgiveness of others and lower scores than men for negative religious coping. Between 6 and 30 months, the acceleration of positive change in self forgiveness was significantly greater for women than men. Differences in negative religious coping and forgiveness might relate to differences in shame and guilt and their resolution by gender. Future research should examine whether gender differences in spirituality serve as an asset to women as they pursue addiction recovery.
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