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Teques AP, de Oliveira RF, Bednarikova M, Bertollo M, Botwina G, Khomutova A, Turam HE, Dinç İ, López-Flores M, Teques P. Social and Emotional Skills in at-Risk Adolescents through Participation in Sports. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:181. [PMID: 39058072 PMCID: PMC11281062 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescents who are under the care of child and youth institutions are vulnerable due to factors that can include disruption to family structure or education and adverse experiences. They often experience poor or unstable support systems, leaving them at risk of delinquency. In this context, sports engagement may provide a stable structure and have positive effects in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions, knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding social and emotional skills among at-risk adolescents, with a specific focus on their engagement in sports. (2) Methods: Ninety-six adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (66 female, 30 male), residing in child and youth care institutions across Italy, Portugal, the UK, and Turkey, participated in this study. The participants were divided into 14 focus groups, each with six to eight participants of similar ages. (3) Results: Thematic analysis revealed four main themes: Emotional causes of behavioral problems; Emotional skills to regain control; Social support makes sports worthwhile; Sport as a socio-emotional resource. (4) Conclusions: The study findings highlight that although sports create many challenging emotional situations for these adolescents, they also provides resources that may help them cope with their emotions within and beyond sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P. Teques
- European Network for Innovation and Knowledge (EUNIK), 3815 JA Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (A.P.T.); (G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Rita F. de Oliveira
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University (LSBU), London SE1 0AA, UK;
- European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.B.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Michala Bednarikova
- European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.B.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.B.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Botwina
- European Network for Innovation and Knowledge (EUNIK), 3815 JA Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (A.P.T.); (G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, 03-772 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasiya Khomutova
- European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.B.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN20 7SP, UK
| | - Hamit Emir Turam
- Istanbul Culture and Sport Association, 34846 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.E.T.); (İ.D.)
| | - İlknur Dinç
- Istanbul Culture and Sport Association, 34846 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.E.T.); (İ.D.)
| | - Marcos López-Flores
- European Network for Innovation and Knowledge (EUNIK), 3815 JA Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (A.P.T.); (G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Pedro Teques
- European Network for Innovation and Knowledge (EUNIK), 3815 JA Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (A.P.T.); (G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
- N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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The Relationship Between Spirituality and Resilience and Well-being: a Study of 529 Care Leavers from 11 Nations. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:177-190. [PMID: 36816809 PMCID: PMC9918825 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Research has found that individuals who were separated from parental care and experienced alternative care settings during childhood are more likely to have poor outcomes as adults. This highlights the importance of understanding factors that are related to resilience and well-being for care leavers. A growing body of research has supported the importance of spirituality in our understanding of resilience and well-being. However, little work to date has examined the relationship of spirituality to outcomes in care leavers. The current study investigated the relationships between spirituality, resilience, well-being, and health in a sample of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. It also examined how different themes of spirituality were related to specific outcome variables. Data revealed that spirituality was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, better mental and physical health, and more resilience even when accounting for current age, gender, age at separation, Human Development Index scores, and childhood adversity. Furthermore, findings indicate that different themes of spirituality are related to specific outcome variables, even when accounting for demographic information. Findings indicate that spirituality may play an important role in resilience and well-being for care leavers. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Ross BZ, DeShields W, Edwards C, Livingston JN. Behind Black Women’s Passion: An Examination of Activism Among Black Women in America. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984221084779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black women in America have consistently been at the forefront of almost every civil, political, and cultural activist movement. Within the past two decades, Black women have created movements such as Black Lives Matter, the Black Youth Project 100, the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, Say Her Name, and Black Girls Vote. Considering these trends, there is a need to understand what factors influence Black women’s commitment to activist movements. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify factors that contribute to activism among Black women. To do this, 107 Black women from a mid-sized, Southeastern city were sampled for primary data analysis. Regression analyses were used to assess associations between activism, perceived racism, psychological empowerment, and spirituality. The results indicated significant positive relationships between activism, perceived racism, and psychological empowerment; such that perceived racism and psychological empowerment were both significantly related to increases in activism. Contrary to expectations, spirituality and activism were not related in the present study. These results have implications for future researchers, mental health professionals, and policymakers.
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Lu J, Potts CA, Allen RS, Lewis PD, Johnson KA. An Exploration of Spiritual Well-being Among Homeless People: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2433-2446. [PMID: 33403600 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored homeless people's (N = 164) spiritual well-being (SWB) in relation to race, mental illness, physical disease, resilience, and trait mindfulness. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that variables of race (p = 0.003), mental illness (p = 0.04), resilience (p < 0.001) and trait mindfulness (p < 0.001) contributed to participants' SWB. These findings were critical to research related to homelessness and service provisions in finding that homeless people with certain backgrounds (e.g., mental illness) might have lower SWB than their counterparts. This research also revealed protective factors (e.g., resilience) that could help promote SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Lu
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Courtney A Potts
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Rebecca S Allen
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging and The Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Karen A Johnson
- The School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Schmees P, Braig J, Nilles H, Kerkhoff D, Demir Z, Rueth JE, Lohaus A, Eschenbeck H. Well-Being and Resources of Minors With Refugee Background in Comparison to Minors With Migration or Native Background. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Studies on the health of minors with refugee background (RM) often focus on symptoms and risks. In contrast to these deficit-oriented approaches, the present study examined well-being and resources of RM. Aims: The aim was to get an overview of the extent to which RM differ from both minors with migration (MM) as well as native (NM) background regarding well-being and resources. In addition, the study sought to identify resources of RM that are significant for well-being. General personal and social resources, religious identity and practice as well as multicultural resources (bilingualism, ethnic identity) were examined. Method: The study was conducted in Germany with minors aged 8–16 years. RM ( n = 209), MM ( n = 535) and NM ( n = 858) completed questionnaires. Comparative analyses and multiple regression analyses were computed. Results: RM showed lower well-being and fewer social resources than MM and NM. For personal resources, the group differences were less consistent. Personal and social resources predicted the well-being of minors. While multicultural resources were not significant, especially the resources sense of coherence, integration into peer group, and religious identity positively predicted the well-being of RM. Limitations: The group of MM is very heterogeneous. Further studies should differentiate the group of MM more precisely. Conclusion: The differences in well-being among RM, MM and NM can largely be explained by differences in resources. Religious identity is an important available resource for RM. Sense of coherence and integration into peer groups should be given special attention in health promotion for RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schmees
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Johanna Braig
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Hannah Nilles
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Denise Kerkhoff
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Bielefeld University, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zeynep Demir
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Jana-Elisa Rueth
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
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Gusler SK, Jackson Y, Brown S. The Impact of Maltreatment on Internalizing Symptoms for Foster Youth: an Examination of Spirituality and Appraisals as Moderators. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:455-467. [PMID: 33269045 PMCID: PMC7683671 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that exposure to child maltreatment increases the risk of internalizing symptoms for youth, and that youth in foster care are at a particularly high risk of symptoms. However, not all youth who experience maltreatment evidence maladjustment, making the link between exposure and mental health outcomes unclear and creating a need to examine what factors buffer against symptomatology. A sample of youth in foster care was used to provide a new examination of the relation between child maltreatment exposure and internalizing symptoms, to test the possible moderating effects of both appraisals and spirituality, and examine differences between children and adolescents. Participants were 486 youth in foster care (M age = 13; 204 children; 282 adolescents). Youth completed self-report measures through the SPARK project (Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids). Although appraisals and spirituality were not significant moderators, significant main effects emerged. For children, regression analyses showed that maltreatment exposure and lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes accounted for the majority of the 21% of the variance in internalizing symptoms. For adolescents 28% of the variance in internalizing symptoms was accounted for by greater maltreatment exposure, lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes, higher scores on relationship with a God/Higher Power, and more negative appraisals of stressful life events. The current study provides support for cognitive-based interventions for adolescents aimed at increasing appraisal flexibility and suggests that both children and adolescents could benefit from the development of prosocial attitudes often tied to spirituality but could be reinforced in additional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Gusler
- Clinical Child Psychology, Human Development Center, University of Kansas, Sunnyside Avenue, Room 2015, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Yo Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801 USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Cáceres I, Román M, Moreno C, Bukowski WM, Palacios J. Peer relationships during late childhood in internationally adopted and institutionalized children. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cáceres
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology University of Seville Seville Spain
| | - Maite Román
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology University of Seville Seville Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology University of Seville Seville Spain
| | | | - Jesús Palacios
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology University of Seville Seville Spain
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