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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:599-612. [PMID: 38242171 PMCID: PMC11199054 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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2
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Huang C, Liu H, Zhang H, Wu S, Jiang X, Fang Y, Zhou L, Hu J. Learnable sparse dictionary compressed sensing for channeled spectropolarimeter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:20915-20930. [PMID: 38859460 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Channeled spectropolarimetry enables real-time measurement of the polarimetric spectral information of the target. A crucial aspect of this technology is the accurate reconstruction of Stokes parameters spectra from the modulated spectra obtained through snapshot measurements. In this paper, a learnable sparse dictionary compressed sensing method is proposed for channeled spectropolarimeter (CSP) spectral reconstruction. Grounded in the compressive sensing framework, this method defines a variable sparse dictionary. It can learn prior knowledge from the measured modulated spectra, continuously optimizing its own structure and parameters iteratively by removing redundant basis functions and refining the matched basis functions. The learned sparse dictionary, post-training, can provide a more accurate sparse representation of the Stokes parameters spectra, enabling the proposed method to achieve more precise reconstruction results. To assess the efficacy of the proposed method, simulations and experiments were conducted, both of which consistently demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed approach. The suggested method is well-positioned to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of polarimetric spectral information retrieval in CSP applications.
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3
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Grillini F, Aksas L, Lapray PJ, Foulonneau A, Thomas JB, George S, Bigué L. Relationship between reflectance and degree of polarization in the VNIR-SWIR: A case study on art paintings with polarimetric reflectance imaging spectroscopy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303018. [PMID: 38722909 PMCID: PMC11081232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We study the relationship between reflectance and the degree of linear polarization of radiation that bounces off the surface of an unvarnished oil painting. We design a VNIR-SWIR (400 nm to 2500 nm) polarimetric reflectance imaging spectroscopy setup that deploys unpolarized light and allows us to estimate the Stokes vector at the pixel level. We observe a strong negative correlation between the S0 component of the Stokes vector (which can be used to represent the reflectance) and the degree of linear polarization in the visible interval (average -0.81), while the correlation is weaker and varying in the infrared range (average -0.50 in the NIR range between 780 and 1500 nm, and average -0.87 in the SWIR range between 1500 and 2500 nm). By tackling the problem with multi-resolution image analysis, we observe a dependence of the correlation on the local complexity of the surface. Indeed, we observe a general trend that strengthens the negative correlation for the effect of artificial flattening provoked by low image resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Grillini
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Lyes Aksas
- IRIMAS, EA7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Thomas
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
- ImViA Laboratory—Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sony George
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Laurent Bigué
- IRIMAS, EA7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
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4
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Flick M, Hilty MP, Duranteau J, Saugel B. The microcirculation in perioperative medicine: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:25-34. [PMID: 38030549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation describes the network of the smallest vessels in our cardiovascular system. On a microcirculatory level, oxygen delivery is determined by the flow of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in a given single capillary (capillary red blood cell flow) and the density of the capillary network in a given tissue volume (capillary vessel density). Handheld vital videomicroscopy enables visualisation of the capillary bed on the surface of organs and tissues but currently is only used for research. Measurements are generally possible on all organ surfaces but are most often performed in the sublingual area. In patients presenting for elective surgery, the sublingual microcirculation is usually intact and functional. Induction of general anaesthesia slightly decreases capillary red blood cell flow and increases capillary vessel density. During elective, even major, noncardiac surgery, the sublingual microcirculation is preserved and remains functional, presumably because elective noncardiac surgery is scheduled trauma and haemodynamic alterations are immediately treated by anaesthesiologists, usually restoring the macrocirculation before the microcirculation is substantially impaired. Additionally, surgery is regional trauma and thus likely causes regional, rather than systemic, impairment of the microcirculation. Whether or not the sublingual microcirculation is impaired after noncardiac surgery remains a subject of ongoing research. Similarly, it remains unclear if cardiac surgery, especially with cardiopulmonary bypass, impairs the sublingual microcirculation. The effects of therapeutic interventions specifically targeting the microcirculation remain to be elucidated and tested. Future research should focus on further improving microcirculation monitoring methods and investigating how regional microcirculation monitoring can inform clinical decision-making and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Flick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias P Hilty
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Paris-Saclay University, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bernd Saugel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Xu W, Li H, Duan S, Xu H, Zheng C, Li J, Song C, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Yao J. On-demand multiplexed vortex beams for terahertz polarization detection based on metasurfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17184-17197. [PMID: 37855083 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of polarization states is crucial for tailoring light-matter interactions and has great applications in fundamental science. Nevertheless, conventional polarization measurement approaches are extremely challenging to determine the polarization state of incident terahertz (THz) beams. The combination of metasurfaces and inhomogeneous vector vortex beams (VVBs) provides a new solution for integrated polarization-related functional devices. Herein, a general design strategy for spin-multiplexing all-silicon metasurfaces is presented and demonstrated in THz polarization detection. The employment of basic building blocks with a high aspect ratio (AR) imparts a greater degree of freedom for generating vector beams, and those basic blocks are subsequently utilized to explore the visualized polarization state. With the assistance of a THz near-field scanning system, we evaluate the capability of reconstructing the incident polarization state from the longitudinal polarization component multiplexed by vortex beams with tight focusing characteristics. Not only that, we also utilize the polarization with dynamically varying behavior as the illumination method to elucidate the evolution trend of the polarization state under a single snapshot and establish a visualized parametric model. This work paves the way to realize ultra-compact THz polarization detection-related devices for future applications in remote sensing, high-resolution imaging, and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shouxin Duan
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chenglong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jie Li
- Information Materials and Device Applications Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yating Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Bachour RPDS, Dias EL, Cardoso GC. Skin-color-independent robust assessment of capillary refill time. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300063. [PMID: 37485975 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Capillary Refill Time (CRT) assesses peripheral perfusion in resource-limited settings. However, the repeatability and reproducibility of CRT measurements are limited for individuals with darker skin. This paper presents quantitative CRT measurements demonstrating good performance and repeatability across all Fitzpatrick skin phototypes. The study involved 22 volunteers and utilized controlled compression at 7 kPa, an RGB video camera, and cocircular polarized white LED light. CRT was determined by calculating the time constant of an exponential regression applied to the mean pixel intensity of the green (G) channel. An adaptive algorithm identifies the optimal regression region for noise reduction, and flags inappropriate readings. The results indicate that 80% of the CRT readings fell within a 20% range of the expected CRT value. The repetition standard deviation was 17%. These findings suggest the potential for developing reliable and reproducible quantitative CRT methods for robust measurements in patient triage, monitoring, and telehealth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Lopes Dias
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George C Cardoso
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Arteaga GM, Crow S. End organ perfusion and pediatric microcirculation assessment. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1123405. [PMID: 37842022 PMCID: PMC10576530 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1123405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular instability and reduced oxygenation are regular perioperative critical events associated with anesthesia requiring intervention in neonates and young infants. This review article addresses the current modalities of assessing this population's adequate end-organ perfusion in the perioperative period. Assuring adequate tissue oxygenation in critically ill infants is based on parameters that measure acceptable macrocirculatory hemodynamic parameters such as vital signs (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, urinary output) and chemical parameters (lactic acidosis, mixed venous oxygen saturation, base deficit). Microcirculation assessment represents a promising candidate for assessing and improving hemodynamic management strategies in perioperative and critically ill populations. Evaluation of the functional state of the microcirculation can parallel improvement in tissue perfusion, a term coined as "hemodynamic coherence". Less information is available to assess microcirculatory disturbances related to higher mortality risk in critically ill adults and pediatric patients with septic shock. Techniques for measuring microcirculation have substantially improved in the past decade and have evolved from methods that are limited in scope, such as velocity-based laser Doppler and near-infrared spectroscopy, to handheld vital microscopy (HVM), also referred to as videomicroscopy. Available technologies to assess microcirculation include sublingual incident dark field (IDF) and sublingual sidestream dark field (SDF) devices. This chapter addresses (1) the physiological basis of microcirculation and its relevance to the neonatal and pediatric populations, (2) the pathophysiology associated with altered microcirculation and endothelium, and (3) the current literature reviewing modalities to detect and quantify the presence of microcirculatory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Arteaga
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Sheri Crow
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
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8
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Zhang T, Shepherd S, Huang Z, Macluskey M, Li C. Development of an intraoral handheld optical coherence tomography-based angiography probe for multi-site oral imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4857-4860. [PMID: 37707921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.497080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer, primarily oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), is a major health concern worldwide. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of OSCC is biopsy and histopathological analysis, which is invasive and can place a huge financial burden on the healthcare system. Optical coherence tomography-based angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that shows promise as an imaging modality to aid the diagnosis of OSCC. This Letter outlines the development of a handheld intraoral OCT probe applied to a swept-source OCT system with an angiography function for oral applications. The probe has a thin body with a diameter of 17.8 mm and a two-lens system with a working distance that is adjustable from 20.92 mm to 24.08 mm, a field of view 9 mm in diameter, an imaging depth of ∼1.7 mm, and resolutions of 39.38 µm (laterally) and 33.37 µm (axially). This probe was used to scan 14 oral sites to evaluate its ability to scan various sites in the oral cavity. This system has the potential to reduce invasive procedures and aid early OSCC diagnosis.
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9
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Asiedu K, Krishnan AV, Kwai N, Poynten A, Markoulli M. Conjunctival microcirculation in ocular and systemic microvascular disease. Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:694-702. [PMID: 36641840 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The conjunctival microcirculation is an accessible complex network of micro vessels whose quantitative assessment can reveal microvascular haemodynamic properties. Currently, algorithms for the measurement of conjunctival haemodynamics use either manual or semi-automated systems, which may provide insight into overall conjunctival health, as well as in ocular and systemic disease. These algorithms include functional slit-lamp biomicroscopy, laser doppler flowmetry, optical coherence tomography angiography, orthogonal polarized spectral imaging, computer-assisted intravitral microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and corneal confocal microscopy. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between conjunctival microcirculatory haemodynamics and many diseases such as dry eye disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, hypertension, sepsis, coronary microvascular disease, and sickle cell anaemia. This review aims to describe conjunctival microcirculation, its characteristics, and techniques for its measurement, as well as the association between conjunctival microcirculation and microvascular abnormalities in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Kwai
- School of Medical Sciences, University of sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Damiani E, Carsetti A, Casarotta E, Domizi R, Scorcella C, Donati A, Adrario E. Microcirculation-guided resuscitation in sepsis: the next frontier? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1212321. [PMID: 37476612 PMCID: PMC10354242 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculatory dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of tissue dysoxia and organ failure in sepsis. Sublingual videomicroscopy techniques enable the real-time non-invasive assessment of microvascular blood flow. Alterations in sublingual microvascular perfusion were detected during sepsis and are associated with poor outcome. More importantly, sublingual videomicroscopy allowed to explore the effects of commonly applied resuscitative treatments in septic shock, such as fluids, vasopressors and inotropes, and showed that the optimization of macro-hemodynamic parameters may not be accompanied by an improvement in microvascular perfusion. This loss of "hemodynamic coherence," i.e., the concordance between the response of the macrocirculation and the microcirculation, advocates for the integration of microvascular monitoring in the management of septic patients. Nonetheless, important barriers remain for a widespread use of sublingual videomicroscopy in the clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the actual limitations of this technique and future developments that may allow an easier and faster evaluation of the microcirculation at the bedside, and propose a role for sublingual microvascular monitoring in guiding and titrating resuscitative therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Damiani
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Carsetti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erika Casarotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Domizi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Scorcella
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Abele Donati
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Adrario
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Ren Y, Jian J, Tan W, Wang J, Chen T, Zhang H, Xia W. Single-shot decoherence polarization gated imaging through turbid media. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073706. [PMID: 37486200 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for imaging through a turbid medium by using a single-shot decoherence polarization gate (DPG). The DPG is made up of a polarizer, an analyzer, and a weakly scattering medium. Contrary to intuition, we discover that the preferential utilization of sparsely scattered photons by introducing weakly scattering mediums can lead to better image quality. The experimental results show that the visibilities of the images acquired from the DPG imaging method are obviously improved. The contrast of the bar can be increased by 50% by the DPG imaging technique. Furthermore, we study the effect of the volume concentration of the weakly scattering medium on the speckle suppression and the enhancement of the visibilities of the images. The variances of the contrasts of the image show that there exists an optimum optical depth (∼0.8) of the weakly scattering medium for DPG imaging through a specific turbid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Ren
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jimo Jian
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenjiang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning-xilu 28, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haikun Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
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12
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Franceković P, Gliemann L. Endothelial Glycocalyx Preservation-Impact of Nutrition and Lifestyle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112573. [PMID: 37299535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a dynamic hair-like layer expressed on the apical surface of endothelial cells throughout the vascular system. This layer serves as an endothelial cell gatekeeper by controlling the permeability and adhesion properties of endothelial cells, as well as by controlling vascular resistance through the mediation of vasodilation. Pathogenic destruction of the eGC could be linked to impaired vascular function, as well as several acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions. Defining the precise functions and mechanisms of the eGC is perhaps the limiting factor of the missing link in finding novel treatments for lifestyle-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and the preservation of the eGC is an unexplored territory. This article provides an overview of the eGC's importance for health and disease and describes perspectives of nutritional therapy for the prevention of the eGC's pathogenic destruction. It is concluded that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, as well as healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and the time management of eating, might show promise for preserving eGC health and, thus, the health of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Franceković
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Niemitz L, van der Stel SD, Sorensen S, Messina W, Venkata Sekar SK, Sterenborg HJCM, Andersson-Engels S, Ruers TJM, Burke R. Microcamera Visualisation System to Overcome Specular Reflections for Tissue Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051062. [PMID: 37241685 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In vivo tissue imaging is an essential tool for medical diagnosis, surgical guidance, and treatment. However, specular reflections caused by glossy tissue surfaces can significantly degrade image quality and hinder the accuracy of imaging systems. In this work, we further the miniaturisation of specular reflection reduction techniques using micro cameras, which have the potential to act as intra-operative supportive tools for clinicians. In order to remove these specular reflections, two small form factor camera probes, handheld at 10 mm footprint and miniaturisable to 2.3 mm, are developed using different modalities, with line-of-sight to further miniaturisation. (1) The sample is illuminated via multi-flash technique from four different positions, causing a shift in reflections which are then filtered out in a post-processing image reconstruction step. (2) The cross-polarisation technique integrates orthogonal polarisers onto the tip of the illumination fibres and camera, respectively, to filter out the polarisation maintaining reflections. These form part of a portable imaging system that is capable of rapid image acquisition using different illumination wavelengths, and employs techniques that lend themselves well to further footprint reduction. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system with validating experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms with high surface reflection, as well as on excised human breast tissue. We show that both methods can provide clear and detailed images of tissue structures along with the effective removal of distortion or artefacts caused by specular reflections. Our results suggest that the proposed system can improve the image quality of miniature in vivo tissue imaging systems and reveal underlying feature information at depth, for both human and machine observers, leading to better diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Niemitz
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Stefan D van der Stel
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Group Nanobiophysics, Faculty TNW, Twente University, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Sorensen
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Walter Messina
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
- BioPixS Ltd.-Biophotonics Standards, IPIC, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
- BioPixS Ltd.-Biophotonics Standards, IPIC, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Group Nanobiophysics, Faculty TNW, Twente University, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ray Burke
- Biophotonics @ Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
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14
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Uz Z, Dilken O, Milstein DMJ, Hilty MP, de Haan D, Ince Y, Shen L, Houtzager J, Franken LC, van Gulik TM, Ince C. Identifying a sublingual triangle as the ideal site for assessment of sublingual microcirculation. J Clin Monit Comput 2023; 37:639-649. [PMID: 36355276 PMCID: PMC10068634 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The sublingual mucosa is a commonly used intraoral location for identifying microcirculatory alterations using handheld vital microscopes (HVMs). The anatomic description of the sublingual cave and its related training have not been adequately introduced. The aim of this study was to introduce anatomy guided sublingual microcirculatory assessment. Measurements were acquired from the floor of the mouth using incident dark-field (IDF) imaging before (T0) and after (T1) sublingual cave anatomy instructed training. Instructions consists of examining a specific region of interested identified through observable anatomical structures adjacent and bilaterally to the lingual frenulum which is next to the sublingual papilla. The anatomical location called the sublingual triangle, was identified as stationed between the lingual frenulum, the sublingual fold and ventrally to the tongue. Small, large, and total vessel density datasets (SVD, LVD and TVD respectively) obtained by non-instructed and instructed measurements (NIN (T0) and IM (T1) respectively) were compared. Microvascular structures were analyzed, and the presence of salivary duct-related microcirculation was identified. A total of 72 video clips were used for analysis in which TVD, but not LVD and SVD, was higher in IM compared to NIM (NIM vs. IM, 25 ± 2 vs. 27 ± 3 mm/mm2 (p = 0.044), LVD NIM vs. IM: 7 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1mm/mm2 (p = 0.092), SVD NIM vs. IM: 18 ± 2 vs. 20 ± 3 mm/mm2 (p = 0.103)). IM resulted in microcirculatory assessments which included morphological properties such as capillaries, venules and arterioles, without salivary duct-associated microcirculation. The sublingual triangle identified in this study showed consistent network-based microcirculation, without interference from microcirculation associated with specialized anatomic structures. These findings suggest that the sublingual triangle, an anatomy guided location, yielded sublingual based measurements that conforms with international guidelines. IM showed higher TVD values, and future studies are needed with larger sample sizes to prove differences in microcirculatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zühre Uz
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Location: AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Olcay Dilken
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan M J Milstein
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Location: AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Peter Hilty
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David de Haan
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucinda Shen
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Houtzager
- Department of Surgery, Location: AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte C Franken
- Department of Surgery, Location: AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Location: AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Location: AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Cho JY, Lee S, Jang WK. Performance-Enhanced Static Modulated Fourier Transform Spectrometer with a Spectral Reconstruction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23052603. [PMID: 36904807 PMCID: PMC10007488 DOI: 10.3390/s23052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A static modulated Fourier transform spectrometer has been noted to be a compact and fast evaluation tool for spectroscopic inspection, and many novel structures have been reported to support its performance. However, it still suffers from poor spectral resolution due to the limited sampling data points, which marks its intrinsic drawback. In this paper, we outline the enhanced performance of a static modulated Fourier transform spectrometer with a spectral reconstruction method that can compensate for the insufficient data points. An enhanced spectrum can be reconstructed by applying a linear regression method to a measured interferogram. We obtain the transfer function of a spectrometer by analyzing what interferogram can be detected with different values of parameters such as focal length of the Fourier lens, mirror displacement, and wavenumber range, instead of direct measurement of the transfer function. Additionally, the optimal experimental conditions for the narrowest spectral width are investigated. Application of the spectral reconstruction method achieves an improved spectral resolution from 74 cm-1 when spectral reconstruction is not applied to 8.9 cm-1, and a narrowed spectral width from 414 cm-1 to 371 cm-1, which are close to the values of the spectral reference. In conclusion, the spectral reconstruction method in a compact static modulated Fourier transform spectrometer effectively enhances its performance without any additional optic in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Cho
- Department of Aeronautic Electricity, Hanseo University, 46, Hanseo 1-ro, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Satellite Research Directorate, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, 169-82, Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kweon Jang
- Department of Aeronautic Electricity, Hanseo University, 46, Hanseo 1-ro, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
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16
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Intaravanne Y, Ansari MA, Ahmed H, Bileckaja N, Yin H, Chen X. Metasurface-Enabled 3-in-1 Microscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:544-551. [PMID: 36820325 PMCID: PMC9936625 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Edge enhancement and polarization detection are critical to image transparent or low-contrast samples. However, currently available systems are limited to performing only a single functionality. To meet the requirement of system integration, there is a pressing need for a microscope with multiple functionalities. Here, we propose and develop a microscope with three different functionalities based on spatial multiplexing and polarization splitting. A novel geometric metasurface (MS) is used to realize a spiral phase profile and two phase gradient profiles along two vertical directions, which can perform such an extremely challenging optical task. This is the first demonstration of a 3-in-1 microscope that can simultaneously obtain five images with different optical properties in an imaging plane for the same sample. Imaging experiments with different samples verify its capability to simultaneously perform edge imaging, polarimetric imaging, and conventional microscope imaging. Benefiting from the compactness and multifunctionality of the optical MS device, the integration does not increase the volume of the microscope. This approach can enable users to visualize the multiple facets of samples in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuttana Intaravanne
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani12120, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Hammad Ahmed
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Narina Bileckaja
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Huabing Yin
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, U.K
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17
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Wang Z, Qian C, Fan Z, Chen H. Arbitrary Polarization Readout with Dual-Channel Neuro-Metasurfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204699. [PMID: 36519646 PMCID: PMC9929113 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polarization, as a vector nature of the electromagnetic wave, plays a fundamental role in optics. Determining the polarization state of light is required by many applications, spanning from remote sensing and material analysis to biology and microscopy. To achieve this goal, conventional methods necessitate cascading of multiple optical components and consequential measurements to estimate the Stokes parameters, rendering the entire optical system bulky, complex, and sensitive. Here a brand-new strategy is introduced for direct polarization readout based on dual-channel neuro-metasurfaces. Neuro-metasurfaces can independently manipulate two orthogonal linearly-polarized waves that can synthesize arbitrary polarization waves with a linear combination. By judiciously designing the output focus points, a unique polarization atlas is created that allows one-to-one correspondence from intensity ratio to polarization state. To implement this, polarization-sensitive metasurfaces are designed and the spatial layout is optimized using a diffractive neural network. The feasibility of this strategy is validated by numerical simulation and microwave experiments. These results pave a new avenue in realizing integrated and multifunctional detectors and demonstrate the potential of neuro-metasurfaces as an add-on for discomposing and composing spatial basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Wang
- ZJU‐UIUC InstituteInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of ZhejiangZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - Chao Qian
- ZJU‐UIUC InstituteInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of ZhejiangZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - Zhixiang Fan
- ZJU‐UIUC InstituteInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of ZhejiangZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- ZJU‐UIUC InstituteInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of ZhejiangZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China
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18
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Liu B, He H, Feng X, Yuan S, Long Y, Akin Ş, Ince C. Sublingual microcirculation: comparison between the 415 nm blue light and 520 nm green light of sidestream dark field videomicroscopes. J Clin Monit Comput 2023; 37:297-302. [PMID: 35838871 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Green light with a wavelength of 520 nm is commonly used in sidestream dark field (SDF) video microscopes for sublingual microcirculation assessment in clinical practice. However, blue light could obtain a clearer microcirculatory image due to a higher light absorption coefficient of hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to compare the sublingual microcirculatory image quality acquisition and related microcirculatory parameters between 520 nm green light and 415 nm blue light probes in the SDF device named MicroSee V100. Sublingual microcirculation films from twenty-one healthy volunteers were prospectively collected by blue light and green light probes, and only one video of each wavelength was recorded and analyzed in each volunteer. Moreover, 200 sublingual microcirculation films (100 by blue light probe and 100 by green light probe) of ICU patients were retrospectively scored for microcirculation image quality. Compared to green light, an increase in the perfused vessel density (paired t test, increased by 4.6 ± 4.7 mm/mm2, P < 0.0001) and total vessel density (paired t test, increased by 5.1 ± 4.6 mm/mm2, P < 0.0001) was observed by blue light in the healthy volunteers. The blue light probe had a significantly lower rate of unacceptable films than the green light probe in the 200 films of ICU patients (10/100 vs. 39/100, P < 0.0001). Blue light provides a higher microcirculatory vessel density and image quality than the existing SDF probe using green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, affiliated hospital of Ji Ning Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huaiwu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- ICU, Hebi People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyi Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Şakir Akin
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Li Z, Huang S, He Y, van Wijnbergen JW, Zhang Y, Cottrell RD, Smith SG, Hammond PT, Chen DZ, Padera TP, Belcher AM. A new label-free optical imaging method for the lymphatic system enhanced by deep learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523938. [PMID: 36711668 PMCID: PMC9882203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the lymphatic vascular system lags far behind that of the blood vascular system, limited by available imaging technologies. We present a label-free optical imaging method that visualizes the lymphatic system with high contrast. We developed an orthogonal polarization imaging (OPI) in the shortwave infrared range (SWIR) and imaged both lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels of mice and rats in vivo through intact skin, as well as human mesenteric lymph nodes in colectomy specimens. By integrating SWIR-OPI with U-Net, a deep learning image segmentation algorithm, we automated the lymph node size measurement process. Changes in lymph nodes in response to cancer progression were monitored in two separate mouse cancer models, through which we obtained insights into pre-metastatic niches and correlation between lymph node masses and many important biomarkers. In a human pilot study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of SWIR-OPI to detect human lymph nodes in real time with clinical colectomy specimens. One Sentence Summary We develop a real-time high contrast optical technique for imaging the lymphatic system, and apply it to anatomical pathology gross examination in a clinical setting, as well as real-time monitoring of tumor microenvironment in animal studies.
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20
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Bottino DA, Bouskela E. Non-invasive techniques to access in vivo the skin microcirculation in patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1099107. [PMID: 36687444 PMCID: PMC9849756 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1099107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is composed of blood vessels with mean internal diameter smaller than 100 μm. This structure is responsible for survival of cells and in the last 50 years its study has become increasingly interesting because it often participates in the pathophysiology of several diseases or can determine better or worse prognosis for them. Due to the growing importance of knowing more about the microcirculation, several techniques have been developed and now it is possible to study its structure or function. In the last 25 years, the cutaneous microcirculation has emerged as an accessible and representative portion of generalized vascular bed allowing the examination of mechanisms of microcirculatory function and dysfunction. This mini review presents several techniques used for non-invasive access to skin microcirculation, such as Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy, Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging, Sidestream Dark Field Imaging, Incident Dark field Illumination, Laser Doppler Flowmetry, and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging applied. The techniques presented will describe which types of variables (structural or functional) can be evaluated, their limitations and potential uses.
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21
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Freccero F, Di Maio C, Mariella J, Lanci A, Castagnetti C, Hallowell G. Assessment of the microvascular perfusion using sidestream dark-field imaging in healthy newborn foals. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:158-166. [PMID: 36524796 PMCID: PMC9857114 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different methods to measure tissue perfusion are available in equine neonatology, but they are not representative of microvascular derangements. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the sidestream dark-field (SDF) capillaroscopy to visualize the capillary microvasculature in conscious newborn foals, the differences between two imaging sites and times of measurements, and the measurements' reproducibility. METHODS Seventeen healthy newborn foals were enrolled. Three sites at the upper and lower lip mucosa were assessed by SDF, using a hand-held capiscope, at 24 h and at 4-5 days after birth. Videos were assessed independently by two observers for quality and for semiquantitative calculation of microvascular parameters, including vascular density (VD), microvascular flow index (MFI), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), and functional capillary density (FCD). Data were analyzed using unpaired and paired Student's T-tests to assess differences between sites and time-points. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess measurement reproducibility. RESULTS Differences were found between the upper and the lower lip for VD at both 24 h and 4-5 days, and for FCD at 24 h, and between the two time-points for PPV at the lower lip. ICC for measurement reproducibility was good for all parameters (0.64-0.79) for the lower lip, and was good for VD and FCD (0,76-0,79) and fair to moderate for MFI and PPV (0.31-0.41) for the upper lip. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of the capillary microvasculature is feasible in the conscious newborn foal. The lower lip has the best measurement reproducibility. Further investigations are warranted in cardiovascularly compromised cases, particularly in septic foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'Emilia (BO)Italy
| | | | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'Emilia (BO)Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'Emilia (BO)Italy
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'Emilia (BO)Italy,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST‐ICIR)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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22
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Ye F, Zhang B, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Lu L, Zhang Z. In vivo real-time red blood cell migration and microcirculation flow synergy imaging-surveyed thrombolytic therapy with iron-oxide complexes. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100408. [PMID: 36097598 PMCID: PMC9463387 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics as a nascent method has attracted widely interest on the treatment of thrombosis. However, due to the limited temporal and spatial resolution of conventional imaging modalities, the dynamic visualization the thrombogenesis and evaluation of the effect of thrombolytic drugs are facing severely difficulties in vivo. In addition, the development of high targeting, short circulation time, and small size thrombolysis nanotherapeutics agents requires further research. Herein, we report a synergy imaging modality that combining a label-free capillary microscopy and laser speckle microcirculation imaging, which realized dynamic visualization of single red blood cell migration and large-field dynamic blood flow. In this work, we investigated the red blood cells migration and blood flow velocity response before and after treated through introducing a functional nano-thrombolytics, iron-oxide complexes coated urokinase (IPN@UK) on an orthotopic animal model in vivo. The functionalized IPN@UK nanocomposites exhibited outstanding thrombolysis effect. Significantly, whole-course changes, including red blood cell activity, complex thrombolytic therapeutics, were well surveilled and evaluated using dual-modality combining imaging strategy. These results show this synergy imaging strategy not only can achieve multiscale non-invasive visualization of dynamic thrombus events in real-time, but also can quantify hemodynamics information of thrombus. Our study demonstrates the potential of this synergy imaging method, which for early detection of thrombus, evaluation of the effect of drug thrombolysis, developing the thrombolytic drugs, and imaging-guide thrombolytic therapy in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Lige Qiu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China
| | - Yunrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China
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23
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Ye C, Kawasaki M, Nakano K, Ohnishi T, Watanabe E, Oda S, Nakada TA, Haneishi H. Acquisition and Analysis of Microcirculation Image in Septic Model Rats. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8471. [PMID: 36366167 PMCID: PMC9659045 DOI: 10.3390/s22218471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Microcirculation is a vital sign that supplies oxygen and nutrients to maintain normal life activities. Sepsis typically influences the operation of microcirculation, which is recovered by the administration of medicine injection. Objective: Sepsis-induced variation and recovery of microcirculation are quantitatively detected using microcirculation images acquired by a non-contact imaging setup, which might assist the clinical diagnosis and therapy of sepsis. Methods: In this study, a non-contact imaging setup was first used to record images of microcirculation on the back of model rats. Specifically, the model rats were divided into three groups: (i) the sham group as a control group; (ii) the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) group with sepsis; and (iii) the CLP+thrombomodulin (TM) group with sepsis and the application of TM alfa therapy. Furthermore, considering the sparsity of red blood cells (RBCs), the blood velocity is estimated by robust principal component analysis (RPCA) and U-net, and the blood vessel diameter is estimated by the contrast difference between the blood vessel and tissue. Results and Effectiveness: In the experiments, the continuous degradation of the estimated blood velocity and blood vessel diameter in the CLP group and the recovery after degradation of those in the CLP+TM group were quantitatively observed. The variation tendencies of the estimated blood velocity and blood vessel diameter in each group suggested the effects of sepsis and its corresponding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mami Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnishi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eizo Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeto Oda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Govender K, Jani VP, Cabrales P. The Disconnect Between Extracorporeal Circulation and the Microcirculation: A Review. ASAIO J 2022; 68:881-889. [PMID: 35067580 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) procedures, such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), take over the function of one or more organs, providing clinicians time to treat underlying pathophysiological conditions. ECMO and CPB carry significant mortality rates for patients, despite prior decades of research focused on the resulting failure of critical organs. Since the focus of these procedures is to support blood flow and provide oxygen-rich blood to tissues, a shift in research toward the effects of ECMO and CPB on the microcirculation is warranted. Along with provoking systemic responses, both procedures disrupt the integrity of red blood cells, causing release of hemoglobin (Hb) from excessive foreign surface contact and mechanical stresses. The effects of hemolysis are especially pronounced in the microcirculation, where plasma Hb leads to nitric oxide scavenging, oxidization, formation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory responses. A limited number of studies have investigated the implications of ECMO in the microcirculation, but more work is needed to minimize ECMO-induced reduction of microcirculatory perfusion and consequently oxygenation. The following review presents existing information on the implications of ECMO and CPB on microvascular function and proposes future studies to understand and leverage key mechanisms to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krianthan Govender
- From the Functional Cardiovascular Engineering Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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RESEARCH PAPER Microcirculation assessment of dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion during anesthesia of dogs with sepsis from pyometra: a randomized clinical study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:536-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hof S, Marcus C, Kuebart A, Schulz J, Truse R, Raupach A, Bauer I, Flögel U, Picker O, Herminghaus A, Temme S. A Toolbox to Investigate the Impact of Impaired Oxygen Delivery in Experimental Disease Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869372. [PMID: 35652064 PMCID: PMC9149176 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization is the underlying pathophysiological process in different shock states. Clinically most important are septic and hemorrhagic shock, which comprise more than 75% of all clinical cases of shock. Both forms lead to severe dysfunction of the microcirculation and the mitochondria that can cause or further aggravate tissue damage and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of acute and long-term effects of impaired oxygen utilization are still elusive. Importantly, a defective oxygen exploitation can impact multiple organs simultaneously and organ damage can be aggravated due to intense organ cross-talk or the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Complexity is further increased through a large heterogeneity in the human population, differences in genetics, age and gender, comorbidities or disease history. To gain a deeper understanding of the principles, mechanisms, interconnections and consequences of impaired oxygen delivery and utilization, interdisciplinary preclinical as well as clinical research is required. In this review, we provide a "tool-box" that covers widely used animal disease models for septic and hemorrhagic shock and methods to determine the structure and function of the microcirculation as well as mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we suggest magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodal imaging platform to noninvasively assess the consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on organ function, cell metabolism, alterations in tissue textures or inflammation. Combining structural and functional analyses of oxygen delivery and utilization in animal models with additional data obtained by multiparametric MRI-based techniques can help to unravel mechanisms underlying immediate effects as well as long-term consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on multiple organs and may narrow the gap between experimental preclinical research and the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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A novel non-invasive method of measuring microcirculatory perfusion and blood velocity in infants: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7459. [PMID: 35523975 PMCID: PMC9076848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current haemodynamic monitoring is mainly aimed at the macrocirculation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of the microcirculation in relation to the patient’s condition and impact of treatment strategies. However, continuous monitoring of the microcirculation is not yet possible in the neonatal field. A novel dynamic light scattering (DLS) sensor technology for continuous monitoring of the microcirculation was investigated in the neonatal population. Thirty-one haemodynamically stable infants were included. Sequential measurements at the forehead, upper extremity, thorax, abdomen and lower extremity were conducted with the DLS sensor. For analyses stable measurements were selected. The DLS parameters, total blood flow (TBF) and relative blood velocity (RBV), were compared between measurement locations. Changes in relative haemodynamic indices (relHIs), indicating the distribution of blood flow in the microcirculatory blood vessels, were associated with heart rate decelerations. Measurements performed at the forehead had significantly lower TBF levels, compared to measurements at other locations. Early changes in relHIs around a heart rate deceleration were recorded a median (IQR) of 22.0 (13.5–27.0) s before the onset. Measurement of the currently unavailable parameters TBF, RBV and relHIs is possible with DLS technology. Validation of the DLS technology is needed for clinical implementation.
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Lee GH, Kang H, Chung JW, Lee Y, Yoo H, Jeong S, Cho H, Kim JY, Kang SG, Jung JY, Hahm SG, Lee J, Jeong IJ, Park M, Park G, Yun IH, Kim JY, Hong Y, Yun Y, Kim SH, Choi BK. Stretchable PPG sensor with light polarization for physical activity-permissible monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3622. [PMID: 35417230 PMCID: PMC9007514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Skin-attachable sensors, which represent the ultimate form of wearable electronic devices that ensure conformal contact with skin, suffer from motion artifact limitations owing to relative changes in position between the sensor and skin during physical activities. In this study, a polarization-selective structure of a skin-conformable photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor was developed to decrease the amount of scattered light from the epidermis, which is the main cause of motion artifacts. The motion artifacts were suppressed more than 10-fold in comparison with those of rigid sensors. The developed sensor-with two orthogonal polarizers-facilitated successful PPG signal monitoring during wrist angle movements corresponding to high levels of physical activity, enabling continuous monitoring of daily activities, even while exercising for personal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gae Hwang Lee
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Hyunjun Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sujin Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeon Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Kang
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Suk Gyu Hahm
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Jeahyuck Lee
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - In-Jo Jeong
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - Minho Park
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - Gunkuk Park
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - In Ho Yun
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - Justin Younghyun Kim
- Health H/W R&D Group, Communications Business, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Byoung Ki Choi
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea
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29
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Huang C, Wu S, Chang Y, Fang Y, Zou Z, Qiu H. Convolutional neural network-based spectrum reconstruction solver for channeled spectropolarimeter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10367-10386. [PMID: 35473006 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Channeled spectropolarimetry is a snapshot technique for measuring the spectra of Stokes parameters of light by demodulating the measured spectrum. As an indispensable part of the channeled spectropolarimeter, the spectrometer module is far from being perfect to reflect the real modulation spectrum, which further reduces the polarimetric reconstruction accuracy of the channeled spectropolarimeter. Since the modulation spectrum is composed of many continuous narrow-band spectra with high frequency, it is a challenging work to reconstruct it effectively by existing methods. To alleviate this issue, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based spectral reconstruction solver is proposed for channeled spectropolarimeter. The key idea of the proposed method is to first preprocess the measured spectra using existing traditional methods, so that the preprocessed spectra contain more spectral features of the real spectra, and then these spectral features are employed to train a CNN to learn a map from the preprocessed spectra to the real spectra, so as to further improve the reconstruction quality of the preprocessed spectra. A series of simulation experiments and real experiments were carried out to verify the effect of the proposed method. In simulation experiments, we investigated the spectral reconstruction accuracy and robustness of the proposed method on three synthetic datasets and evaluate the effect of the proposed method on the demodulation results obtained by the Fourier reconstruction method. In real experiments, system matrices are constructed by using measured spectra and reconstructed spectra respectively, and the spectra of Stokes parameters of incident light are estimated by the linear operator method. Several other advanced demodulation methods are also used to demodulate the measured spectrum in both simulation and real experiments. The results show that compared with other methods, the accuracy of the demodulation results can be much more improved by employing the CNN-based solver to reconstruct the measured spectrum.
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30
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Nam K, Jeon Y. Microcirculation during surgery. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2022; 17:24-34. [PMID: 35139609 PMCID: PMC8841265 DOI: 10.17085/apm.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the long history of surgery, there has been great advancement in the hemodynamic management of surgical patients. Traditionally, hemodynamic management has focused on macrocirculatory monitoring and intervention to maintain appropriate oxygen delivery. However, even after optimization of macro-hemodynamic parameters, microcirculatory dysfunction, which is related to higher postoperative complications, occurs in some patients. Although the clinical significance of microcirculatory dysfunction has been well reported, little is known about interventions to recover microcirculation and prevent microcirculatory dysfunction. This may be at least partly caused by the fact that the feasibility of monitoring tools to evaluate microcirculation is still insufficient for use in routine clinical practice. However, considering recent advancements in these research fields, with more popular use of microcirculation monitoring and more clinical trials, clinicians may better understand and manage microcirculation in surgical patients in the future. In this review, we describe currently available methods for microcirculatory evaluation. The current knowledge on the clinical relevance of microcirculatory alterations has been summarized based on previous studies in various clinical settings. In the latter part, pharmacological and clinical interventions to improve or restore microcirculation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunseok Jeon
- Corresponding author: Yunseok Jeon, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: 82-2-2072-3108, Fax: 82-2-747-8363 E-mail:
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31
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Niemann L, Kutter A, Joerger F, Wieser M, Hartnack S, Steblaj B. The impact of vatinoxan on microcirculation after intramuscular coadministration with medetomidine in Beagle dogs – a blinded cross-over study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:336-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tahhan N, Balanca B, Fierstra J, Waelchli T, Picart T, Dumot C, Eker O, Marinesco S, Radovanovic I, Cotton F, Berhouma M. Intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery: A review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives. Neurochirurgie 2021; 68:414-425. [PMID: 34895896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has become an invaluable adjunct to vascular and oncological neurosurgery, reducing the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Several technologies have been developed during the last two decades, including laser-based techniques, videomicroscopy, intraoperative MRI, indocyanine green angiography, and thermography. Although these technologies have been thoroughly studied and clinically applied outside the operative room, current practice lacks an optimal technology that perfectly fits the workflow within the neurosurgical operative room. The different available technologies have specific strengths but suffer several drawbacks, mainly including limited spatial and/or temporal resolution. An optimal CBF monitoring technology should meet particular criteria for intraoperative use: excellent spatial and temporal resolution, integration in the operative workflow, real-time quantitative monitoring, ease of use, and non-contact technique. We here review the main contemporary technologies for intraoperative CBF monitoring and their current and potential future applications in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tahhan
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, University of Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - B Balanca
- Department of Neuro-Anesthesia and Neuro-Critical Care, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, TIGER team and AniRA-Beliv technological platform, Inserm U2018, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - J Fierstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Waelchli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Picart
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, University of Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - C Dumot
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, University of Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - O Eker
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S Marinesco
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, TIGER team and AniRA-Beliv technological platform, Inserm U2018, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - I Radovanovic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Cotton
- Department of Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Creatis Lab - CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Berhouma
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, University of Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Creatis Lab - CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Banerjee S, Mwangi JG, Stanley TK, Mitra R, Ebong EE. Regeneration and Assessment of the Endothelial Glycocalyx To Address Cardiovascular Disease. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John G. Mwangi
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Theodora K. Stanley
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, United States
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Wijnands KAP, Meesters DM, Vandendriessche B, Briedé JJ, van Eijk HMH, Brouckaert P, Cauwels A, Lamers WH, Poeze M. Microcirculatory Function during Endotoxemia-A Functional Citrulline-Arginine-NO Pathway and NOS3 Complex Is Essential to Maintain the Microcirculation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111940. [PMID: 34769369 PMCID: PMC8584871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition for the amino acid arginine by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (NOS3) and (pro-)inflammatory NO-synthase (NOS2) during endotoxemia appears essential in the derangement of the microcirculatory flow. This study investigated the role of NOS2 and NOS3 combined with/without citrulline supplementation on the NO-production and microcirculation during endotoxemia. Wildtype (C57BL6/N background; control; n = 36), Nos2-deficient, (n = 40), Nos3-deficient (n = 39) and Nos2/Nos3-deficient mice (n = 42) received a continuous intravenous LPS infusion alone (200 μg total, 18 h) or combined with L-citrulline (37.5 mg, last 6 h). The intestinal microcirculatory flow was measured by side-stream dark field (SDF)-imaging. The jejunal intracellular NO production was quantified by in vivo NO-spin trapping combined with electron spin-resonance (ESR) spectrometry. Amino-acid concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). LPS infusion decreased plasma arginine concentration in control and Nos3−/− compared to Nos2−/− mice. Jejunal NO production and the microcirculation were significantly decreased in control and Nos2−/− mice after LPS infusion. No beneficial effects of L-citrulline supplementation on microcirculatory flow were found in Nos3−/− or Nos2−/−/Nos3−/− mice. This study confirms that L-citrulline supplementation enhances de novo arginine synthesis and NO production in mice during endotoxemia with a functional NOS3-enzyme (control and Nos2−/− mice), as this beneficial effect was absent in Nos3−/− or Nos2−/−/Nos3−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A. P. Wijnands
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.M.); (H.M.H.v.E.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-650-513-913
| | - Dennis M. Meesters
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.M.); (H.M.H.v.E.); (M.P.)
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Byteflies, 2600 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jacob J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans M. H. van Eijk
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.M.); (H.M.H.v.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anje Cauwels
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter H. Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.M.); (H.M.H.v.E.); (M.P.)
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35
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Lv X, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhou K, Lin J, Jin P. Channeled imaging spectropolarimeter reconstruction by neural networks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35556-35569. [PMID: 34808986 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Snapshot channeled imaging spectropolarimetry (SCISP), which can achieve spectral and polarization imaging without scanning (a single exposure), is a promising optical technique. As Fourier transform is used to reconstruct information, SCISP has its inherent limitations such as channel crosstalk, resolution and accuracy drop, the complex phase calibration, et al. To overcome these drawbacks, a nonlinear technique based on neural networks (NNs) is introduced to replace the role of Fourier reconstruction. Herein, abundant spectral and polarization datasets were built through specially designed generators. The established NNs can effectively learn the forward conversion procedure through minimizing a loss function, subsequently enabling a stable output containing spectral, polarization, and spatial information. The utility and reliability of the proposed technique is confirmed by experiments, which are proved to maintain high spectral and polarization accuracy.
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36
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He C, He H, Chang J, Chen B, Ma H, Booth MJ. Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 34552045 PMCID: PMC8458371 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes-Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Honghui He
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jintao Chang
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Binguo Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
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Wilcox C, Choi CW, Cho SM. Brain injury in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: translational to clinical research. JOURNAL OF NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.210016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), termed extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), has significantly improved survival in selected patient populations. Despite this advancement, significant neurological impairment persists in approximately half of survivors. ECPR represents a potential advancement for patients who experience refractory cardiac arrest (CA) due to a reversible etiology and do not regain spontaneous circulation. Important risk factors for acute brain injury (ABI) in ECPR include lack of perfusion, reperfusion, and altered cerebral autoregulation. The initial hypoxic-ischemic injury caused by no-flow and low-flow states after CA and during CPR is compounded by reperfusion, hyperoxia during ECMO support, and nonpulsatile blood flow. Additionally, ECPR patients are at risk for Harlequin syndrome with peripheral cannulation, which can lead to preferential perfusion of cerebral vessels with deoxygenated blood. Lastly, the oxygenator membrane is prothrombotic and requires systemic anticoagulation. The two competing phenomena result in thrombus formation, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia, increasing the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic ABI. In addition to clinical studies, we assessed available ECPR animal models to identify the mechanisms underlying ABI at the cellular level. Standardized multimodal neurological monitoring may facilitate early detection of and intervention for ABI. With the increasing use of ECPR, it is critical to understand the pathophysiology of ABI, its prevention, and the management strategies for improving the outcomes of ECPR. Translational and clinical research focusing on acute ABI immediately after ECMO cannulation and its short- and long-term neurological outcomes are warranted.
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Urbán D, Cserni T, Boros M, Juhász Á, Érces D, Varga G. Bladder augmentation from an insider's perspective: a review of the literature on microcirculatory studies. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2221-2230. [PMID: 34435307 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Augmentation cystoplasty is an exemplary multiorgan intervention in urology which is particularly associated with microvascular damage. Our aim was to review the available intravital imaging techniques and data obtained from clinical and experimental microcirculatory studies involving the most important donor organs applied in bladder augmentation. Although numerous direct or indirect methods are available to assess the condition of microvessels the implementation of microcirculatory diagnostic methods in humans is still challenging and the assessment of organ microcirculation in the operating theatre has limitations. Nevertheless, preclinical studies generally report good internal validity and although prospective human protocols with reduced variability are needed, a possible positive impact of microcirculatory diagnostics on the clinical outcomes of urologic surgery can be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Urbán
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, 6724, Hungary.,Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hetényi Géza County Hospital, Tószegi u. 21., Szolnok, 5000, Hungary
| | - Tamás Cserni
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, 6724, Hungary.,Department of Paediatric Urology, The Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, 6724, Hungary
| | - Árpád Juhász
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hetényi Géza County Hospital, Tószegi u. 21., Szolnok, 5000, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, 6724, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pulz u. 1., Szeged, 6724, Hungary.
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Heterogeneous impact of hypotension on organ perfusion and outcomes: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:845-861. [PMID: 34392972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial blood pressure is the driving force for organ perfusion. Although hypotension is common in acute care, there is a lack of accepted criteria for its definition. Most practitioners regard hypotension as undesirable even in situations that pose no immediate threat to life, but hypotension does not always lead to unfavourable outcomes based on experience and evidence. Thus efforts are needed to better understand the causes, consequences, and treatments of hypotension. This narrative review focuses on the heterogeneous underlying pathophysiological bases of hypotension and their impact on organ perfusion and patient outcomes. We propose the iso-pressure curve with hypotension and hypertension zones as a way to visualize changes in blood pressure. We also propose a haemodynamic pyramid and a pressure-output-resistance triangle to facilitate understanding of why hypotension can have different pathophysiological mechanisms and end-organ effects. We emphasise that hypotension does not always lead to organ hypoperfusion; to the contrary, hypotension may preserve or even increase organ perfusion depending on the relative changes in perfusion pressure and regional vascular resistance and the status of blood pressure autoregulation. Evidence from RCTs does not support the notion that a higher arterial blood pressure target always leads to improved outcomes. Management of blood pressure is not about maintaining a prespecified value, but rather involves ensuring organ perfusion without undue stress on the cardiovascular system.
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Lin SE, Jheng DY, Hsu KY, Liu YR, Huang WH, Lee HC, Tsai CC. Rapid pseudo-H&E imaging using a fluorescence-inbuilt optical coherence microscopic imaging system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5139-5158. [PMID: 34513247 PMCID: PMC8407814 DOI: 10.1364/boe.431586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A technique using Linnik-based optical coherence microscopy (OCM), with built-in fluorescence microscopy (FM), is demonstrated here to describe cellular-level morphology for fresh porcine and biobank tissue specimens. The proposed method utilizes color-coding to generate digital pseudo-H&E (p-H&E) images. Using the same camera, colocalized FM images are merged with corresponding morphological OCM images using a 24-bit RGB composition process to generate position-matched p-H&E images. From receipt of dissected fresh tissue piece to generation of stitched images, the total processing time is <15 min for a 1-cm2 specimen, which is on average two times faster than frozen-section H&E process for fatty or water-rich fresh tissue specimens. This technique was successfully used to scan human and animal fresh tissue pieces, demonstrating its applicability for both biobank and veterinary purposes. We provide an in-depth comparison between p-H&E and human frozen-section H&E images acquired from the same metastatic sentinel lymph node slice (∼10 µm thick), and show the differences, like elastic fibers of a tiny blood vessel and cytoplasm of tumor cells. This optical sectioning technique provides histopathologists with a convenient assessment method that outputs large-field H&E-like images of fresh tissue pieces without requiring any physical embedment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sey-En Lin
- AcuSolutions Inc., 3F., No. 2, Ln. 263, Chongyang Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital (Built and operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yo Jheng
- AcuSolutions Inc., 3F., No. 2, Ln. 263, Chongyang Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Hsu
- AcuSolutions Inc., 3F., No. 2, Ln. 263, Chongyang Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Tsai
- AcuSolutions Inc., 3F., No. 2, Ln. 263, Chongyang Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
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Hahn RG, Patel V, Dull RO. Human glycocalyx shedding: Systematic review and critical appraisal. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021; 65:590-606. [PMID: 33595101 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies measuring breakdown products of the glycocalyx in plasma has increased rapidly during the past decade. The purpose of the present systematic review was to assess the current knowledge concerning the association between plasma concentrations of glycocalyx components and structural assessment of the endothelium. METHODS We performed a literature review of Pubmed to determine which glycocalyx components change in a wide variety of human diseases and conditions. We also searched for evidence of a relationship between plasma concentrations and the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx layer as obtained by imaging methods. RESULTS Out of 3,454 publications, we identified 228 that met our inclusion criteria. The vast majority demonstrate an increase in plasma glycocalyx products. Sepsis and trauma are most frequently studied, and comprise approximately 40 publications. They usually report 3-4-foldt increased levels of glycocalyx degradation products, most commonly of syndecan-1. Surgery shows a variable picture. Cardiac surgery and transplantations are most likely to involve elevations of glycocalyx degradation products. Structural assessment using imaging methods show thinning of the endothelial glycocalyx layer in cardiovascular conditions and during major surgery, but thinning does not always correlate with the plasma concentrations of glycocalyx products. The few structural assessments performed do not currently support that capillary permeability is increased when the plasma levels of glycocalyx fragments in plasma are increased. CONCLUSIONS Shedding of glycocalyx components is a ubiquitous process that occurs during both acute and chronic inflammation with no sensitivity or specificity for a specific disease or condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Hahn
- Research UnitSödertälje Hospital Södertälje Sweden
- Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS) Stockholm Sweden
| | - Vasu Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine Northwestern Medicine McHenry Hospital McHenry IL USA
| | - Randal O. Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pathology, Physiology, Surgery University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine Tucson AZ USA
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Pecchiari M, Pontikis K, Alevrakis E, Vasileiadis I, Kompoti M, Koutsoukou A. Cardiovascular Responses During Sepsis. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1605-1652. [PMID: 33792902 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the life-threatening organ dysfunction arising from a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the specific mechanisms leading to organ dysfunction are still debated, impaired tissue oxygenation appears to play a major role, and concomitant hemodynamic alterations are invariably present. The hemodynamic phenotype of affected individuals is highly variable for reasons that have been partially elucidated. Indeed, each patient's circulatory condition is shaped by the complex interplay between the medical history, the volemic status, the interval from disease onset, the pathogen, the site of infection, and the attempted resuscitation. Moreover, the same hemodynamic pattern can be generated by different combinations of various pathophysiological processes, so the presence of a given hemodynamic pattern cannot be directly related to a unique cluster of alterations. Research based on endotoxin administration to healthy volunteers and animal models compensate, to an extent, for the scarcity of clinical studies on the evolution of sepsis hemodynamics. Their results, however, cannot be directly extrapolated to the clinical setting, due to fundamental differences between the septic patient, the healthy volunteer, and the experimental model. Numerous microcirculatory derangements might exist in the septic host, even in the presence of a preserved macrocirculation. This dissociation between the macro- and the microcirculation might account for the limited success of therapeutic interventions targeting typical hemodynamic parameters, such as arterial and cardiac filling pressures, and cardiac output. Finally, physiological studies point to an early contribution of cardiac dysfunction to the septic phenotype, however, our defective diagnostic tools preclude its clinical recognition. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1605-1652, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pecchiari
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Pontikis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Alevrakis
- 4th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasileiadis
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kompoti
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassio General Hospital of Eleusis, Magoula, Greece
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest 'I Sotiria', Athens, Greece
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Boros M, Bauer I. Editorial: Microcirculation Guided/Targeted Resuscitation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649828. [PMID: 33763436 PMCID: PMC7982464 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Boros
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dubin A, Kanoore Edul VS, Caminos Eguillor JF, Ferrara G. Monitoring Microcirculation: Utility and Barriers - A Point-of-View Review. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:577-589. [PMID: 33408477 PMCID: PMC7780856 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation is a particular organ of the cardiovascular system. The goal of this narrative review is a critical reappraisal of the present knowledge of microcirculation monitoring, mainly focused on the videomicroscopic evaluation of sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients. We discuss the technological developments in handheld videomicroscopy, which have resulted in adequate tools for the bedside monitoring of microcirculation. By means of these techniques, a large body of evidence has been acquired about the role of microcirculation in the pathophysiological mechanisms of shock, especially septic shock. We review the characteristics of sublingual microcirculation in septic shock, which mainly consist in a decrease in the perfused vascular density secondary to a reduction in the proportion of perfused vessels along with a high heterogeneity in perfusion. Even in patients with high cardiac output, red blood cell velocity is decreased. Thus, hyperdynamic flow is absent in the septic microcirculation. We also discuss the dissociation between microcirculation and systemic hemodynamics, particularly after shock resuscitation, and the different behavior among microvascular beds. In addition, we briefly comment the effects of some treatments on microcirculation. Despite the fact that sublingual microcirculation arises as a valuable goal for the resuscitation in critically ill patients, significant barriers remain present for its clinical application. Most of them are related to difficulties in video acquisition and analysis. We comprehensively analyzed these shortcomings. Unfortunately, a simpler approach, such as the central venous minus arterial PCO2 difference, is a misleading surrogate for sublingual microcirculation. As conclusion, the monitoring of sublingual microcirculation is an appealing method for monitoring critically ill patients. Nevertheless, the lack of controlled studies showing benefits in terms of outcome, as well as technical limitations for its clinical implementation, render this technique mainly as a research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Dubin
- Cátedra de Farmacología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Ferrara
- Cátedra de Farmacología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Korakas E, Ikonomidis I, Markakis K, Raptis A, Dimitriadis G, Lambadiari V. The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Key Mediator of Albumin Handling and the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:619-631. [PMID: 31889495 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666191224120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a complex mesh of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and other soluble components, which cover the vascular endothelium. It plays an important role in many physiological processes including vascular permeability, transduction of shear stress and interaction of blood cells and other molecules with the vascular wall. Its complex structure makes its precise assessment challenging, and many different visualization techniques have been used with varying results. Diabetes, one of the main disease models where disorders of the glycocalyx are present, causes degradation of the glycocalyx through a variety of molecular pathways and especially through oxidative stress due to the action of reactive oxygen species. As the glycocalyx has been primarily studied in the glomerular endothelium, more evidence points towards a vital role in albumin handling and, consequently, in diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the maintenance or restoration of the integrity of the glycocalyx seems a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we consider the structural and functional capacities of the endothelial glycocalyx, the available methods for its evaluation, the mechanisms through which diabetes leads to glycocalyx degradation and albuminuria, and possible treatment options targeting the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Korakas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Markakis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Raptis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Currently, the treatment of patients with shock is focused on the clinical symptoms of shock. In the early phase, this is usually limited to heart rate, blood pressure, lactate levels and urine output. However, as the ultimate goal of resuscitation is the improvement in microcirculatory perfusion the question is whether these currently used signs of shock and the improvement in these signs actually correspond to the changes in the microcirculation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that during the development of shock the deterioration in the macrocirculatory parameters are followed by the deterioration of microcirculatory perfusion. However, in many cases the restoration of adequate macrocirculatory parameters is frequently not associated with improvement in microcirculatory perfusion. This relates not only to the cause of shock, where there are some differences between different forms of shock, but also to the type of treatment. SUMMARY The improvement in macrohemodynamics during the resuscitation is not consistently followed by subsequent changes in the microcirculation. This may result in both over-resuscitation and under-resuscitation leading to increased morbidity and mortality. In this article the principles of coherence and the monitoring of the microcirculation are reviewed.
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An adaptive fractal model for sublingual microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2020; 134:104101. [PMID: 33166577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic conditions and partial pressure of oxygen in microcirculation generally indicate the status of tissue perfusion, which provides essential information for the assessment and treatment of critical diseases such as sepsis. The human tongue is known to have abundant microcirculation and is an ideal window to observe the microcirculation. At present, the monitoring of sublingual microcirculation is mostly achieved using handheld vital microscopy (HVM). Microcirculation is organized and works as a network. However, HVM can obtain only limited view of few vessels and is not able to acquire information regarding the entire network. In this work, we proposed a method to construct a mathematical network model of sublingual microcirculation to solve the problems. The proposed method is based on fractal analysis to model and simulate the hemodynamic and functional activities of sublingual microcirculation. Specifically, the HVM technology is used to obtain the partial morphological and hemodynamic data of sublingual microcirculation, and fractal analysis is applied thereafter to establish the hemodynamic model of the network based on the data from few vessels. Further, the adaptive regulation mechanism of microcirculation is introduced to enhance the performance of the model. The model was validated by the experimental data and the results are consistent with the characteristics of microcirculation. The work demonstrates the potential of the proposed method in sublingual microcirculation research and for the further assessment of tissue perfusion.
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Bastos P, Carpentier G, Patel V, Papy-Garcia D, Watson T, Cook R. Real-Time Optical Vascular Imaging, a new method for the diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases. J Microsc 2020; 288:73-86. [PMID: 33119132 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Real-Time Optical Vascular Imaging (RTOVI) is a technology developed in the Centre for Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, within the Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, that allows rapid and preparation free, in vivo imaging of the microvascular anatomy of the human oral cavity. Microvascular changes are known to be related to disease subtypes, in particular cancer. This makes in vivo microvascular examination clinically valuable. However, at present there is lack of any analytical method able to objectively assess microvascular morphology images. DISCUSSION The assessment of microvascular morphology based on a subjective evaluation was proven to be unreliable. There was a need to develop a software-based analysis for in vivo microvascular images to support the validation of RTOVI. This paper reviews the authors work to develop and test an automated microvascular analysis method for RTOVI based on ImageJ, an open-source software. This allowed to determined which parameters offered a more robust mathematical representation of the microvascular anatomy of the gingival margin, such as the mean area per capillary and mean aspect ratio. However, in vivo microvascular images from elsewhere within the oral cavity posed a bigger challenge to the analysis procedure due to the microvascular architectural complexity and poorer contrast. Angiogenesis Analyzer, a well-known ImageJ plugin used for the quantification of in vitro microvascular images, is under development in collaboration with the University of Paris Est Créteil. The aim of this work is to obtain an automated analysis method for in vivo microvascular images able to offer a solid foundation for the diagnostic potential of RTOVI and subsequent clinical integration of this technology. CONCLUSION An automated analysis method for in vivo microvascular images is paramount before any attempt to clinically validate RTOVI. Our initial work of testing a software-based analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of some parameters, which is valuable for future work, and led us to move into a more sophisticated method involving customising the Angiogenesis Analyzer plugin. This is an essential step, aiming to extend the potential of in vivo microscopy with the clinical integration of RTOVI. LAY DESCRIPTION This article summarises the initial research work done in the field on in vivo microvascular imaging aiming to develop a technique for the diagnosis of oral diseases based on the shape of small blood vessels found just below the surface of the "skin" inside the mouth. This offers the potential to examine lesions without the need to take a sample (biopsy/cutting tissue) to observe it microscopically. This ultimately offers a potential to accelerate diagnostic decision making, avoid unpleasant and often deterrent surgical procedures and reducing diagnostic laboratory time and cost burdens. However, in order to assess images of small blood vessels obtained in clinic, we needed to develop and test a software-based analysis to avoid the subjective human interpretation, known not to work. This article describes the authors journey to achieve an automated and sophisticated analysis method unique in the world for in vivo microvascular images derived from real-time optical vascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bastos
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Carpentier
- Laboratoire Gly-CRRET Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Paris, France
| | - V Patel
- Oral Surgery, Guys & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Papy-Garcia
- Laboratoire Gly-CRRET Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Paris, France
| | - T Watson
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Cook
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, The Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
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Li Q, Alenin AS, Tyo JS. Spectral-temporal hybrid modulation for channeled spectropolarimetry. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:9359-9367. [PMID: 33104652 DOI: 10.1364/ao.404623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Channeled spectropolarimeters (CSPs) are capable of estimating spectrally resolved Stokes parameters from a single modulated spectrum. However, channel crosstalk and subsequent spectral resolution loss reduce the reconstruction accuracy and limit the systems' scope of application. In this paper, we propose a spectral-temporal modulation strategy with the aim of extending channel bandwidth and improving reconstruction accuracy by leveraging the hybrid carriers and allocating channels in the two-dimensional Fourier domain that yield optimal performance. The scheme enables spectral bandwidth and temporal bandwidth to be traded off, and provides flexibility in selecting demodulation strategies based on the features of the input. We present an in-depth comparison of different systems' performances in various input features under the presence of noise. Simulation results show that the hybrid-modulation strategy offers the best comprehensive performance as compared to the conventional CSP and dual-scan techniques.
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