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Coombes B, Fellers JP, Grewal S, Rusholme‐Pilcher R, Hubbart‐Edwards S, Yang C, Joynson R, King IP, King J, Hall A. Whole-genome sequencing uncovers the structural and transcriptomic landscape of hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:482-496. [PMID: 35598169 PMCID: PMC9946142 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a globally vital crop, but its limited genetic variation creates a challenge for breeders aiming to maintain or accelerate agricultural improvements over time. Introducing novel genes and alleles from wheat's wild relatives into the wheat breeding pool via introgression lines is an important component of overcoming this low variation but is constrained by poor genomic resolution and limited understanding of the genomic impact of introgression breeding programmes. By sequencing 17 hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum introgression lines and the parent lines, we have precisely pinpointed the borders of introgressed segments, most of which occur within genes. We report a genome assembly and annotation of Am. muticum that has facilitated the identification of Am. muticum resistance genes commonly introgressed in lines resistant to stripe rust. Our analysis has identified an abundance of structural disruption and homoeologous pairing across the introgression lines, likely caused by the suppressed Ph1 locus. mRNAseq analysis of six of these introgression lines revealed that novel introgressed genes are rarely expressed and those that directly replace a wheat orthologue have a tendency towards downregulation, with no discernible compensation in the expression of homoeologous copies. This study explores the genomic impact of introgression breeding and provides a schematic that can be followed to characterize introgression lines and identify segments and candidate genes underlying the phenotype. This will facilitate more effective utilization of introgression pre-breeding material in wheat breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P. Fellers
- USDA–ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKansas66506USA
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | | | - Stella Hubbart‐Edwards
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Cai‐yun Yang
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | | | - Ian P. King
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Julie King
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
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Rajpal VR, Sharma S, Sehgal D, Sharma P, Wadhwa N, Dhakate P, Chandra A, Thakur RK, Deb S, Rama Rao S, Mir BA, Raina SN. Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1072716. [PMID: 36684438 PMCID: PMC9846793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1072716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigated for more than a century now, B chromosomes (Bs) research has come a long way from Bs being considered parasitic or neutral to becoming unselfish and bringing benefits to their hosts. B chromosomes exist as accessory chromosomes along with the standard A chromosomes (As) across eukaryotic taxa. Represented singly or in multiple copies, B chromosomes are largely heterochromatic but also contain euchromatic and organellar segments. Although B chromosomes are derived entities, they follow their species-specific evolutionary pattern. B chromosomes fail to pair with the standard chromosomes during meiosis and vary in their number, size, composition and structure across taxa and ensure their successful transmission through non-mendelian mechanisms like mitotic, pre-meiotic, meiotic or post-meiotic drives, unique non-disjunction, self-pairing or even imparting benefits to the host when they lack drive. B chromosomes have been associated with cellular processes like sex determination, pathogenicity, resistance to pathogens, phenotypic effects, and differential gene expression. With the advancements in B-omics research, novel insights have been gleaned on their functions, some of which have been associated with the regulation of gene expression of A chromosomes through increased expression of miRNAs or differential expression of transposable elements located on them. The next-generation sequencing and emerging technologies will further likely unravel the cellular, molecular and functional behaviour of these enigmatic entities. Amidst the extensive fluidity shown by B chromosomes in their structural and functional attributes, we perceive that the existence and survival of B chromosomes in the populations most likely seem to be a trade-off between the drive efficiency and adaptive significance versus their adverse effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Soom Nath Raina,
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Botany, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Syngenta, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Prashansa Sharma
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Wadhwa
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atika Chandra
- Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kr. Thakur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sohini Deb
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Satyawada Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Soom Nath Raina,
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Svačina R, Sourdille P, Kopecký D, Bartoš J. Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1056. [PMID: 32733528 PMCID: PMC7363976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids are species in which three or more sets of chromosomes coexist. Polyploidy frequently occurs in plants and plays a major role in their evolution. Based on their origin, polyploid species can be divided into two groups: autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The autopolyploids arise by multiplication of the chromosome sets from a single species, whereas allopolyploids emerge from the hybridization between distinct species followed or preceded by whole genome duplication, leading to the combination of divergent genomes. Having a polyploid constitution offers some fitness advantages, which could become evolutionarily successful. Nevertheless, polyploid species must develop mechanism(s) that control proper segregation of genetic material during meiosis, and hence, genome stability. Otherwise, the coexistence of more than two copies of the same or similar chromosome sets may lead to multivalent formation during the first meiotic division and subsequent production of aneuploid gametes. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathways leading to the formation of polyploids, the occurrence of polyploidy in the grass family (Poaceae), and mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis, with special emphasis on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Svačina
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pierre Sourdille
- INRA, Génétique, Diversité, Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Kopecký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Bartoš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
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Othmeni M, Grewal S, Hubbart-Edwards S, Yang C, Scholefield D, Ashling S, Yahyaoui A, Gustafson P, Singh PK, King IP, King J. The Use of Pentaploid Crosses for the Introgression of Amblyopyrum muticum and D-Genome Chromosome Segments Into Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1110. [PMID: 31620148 PMCID: PMC6760530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The wild relatives of wheat provide an important source of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Much of the work in the past aimed at transferring genetic variation from wild relatives into wheat has relied on the exploitation of the ph1b mutant, located on the long arm of chromosome 5B. This mutation allows homologous recombination to occur between chromosomes from related but different genomes, e.g. between the chromosomes of wheat and related chromosomes from a wild relative resulting in the generation of interspecific recombinant chromosomes. However, the ph1b mutant also enables recombination to occur between the homologous genomes of wheat, e.g. A/B, A/D, B/D, resulting in the generation of wheat intergenomic recombinant chromosomes. In this work we report on the presence of wheat intergenomic recombinants in the genomic background of hexaploid wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum introgression lines. The transfer of genomic rearrangements involving the D-genome through pentaploid crosses provides a strategy by which the D-genome of wheat can be introgressed into durum wheat. Hence, a pentaploid crossing strategy was used to transfer D-genome segments, introgressed with either the A- and/or the B-genome, into the tetraploid background of two durum wheat genotypes Karim and Om Rabi 5 in either the presence or absence of different Am. muticum (2n = 2x = 14, TT) introgressions. Introgressions were monitored in backcross generations to the durum wheat parents via multi-color genomic in situ hybridization (mc-GISH). Tetraploid lines carrying homozygous D-genome introgressions, as well as simultaneous homozygous D- and T-genome introgressions, were developed. Introgression lines were characterized via Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results showed that new wheat sub-genomic translocations were generated at each generation in progeny that carried any Am. muticum chromosome introgression irrespective of the linkage group that the segment was derived from. The highest frequencies of homologous recombination were observed between the A- and the D-genomes. Results indicated that the genotype Karim had a higher tolerance to genomic rearrangements and T-genome introgressions compared to Om Rabi 5. This indicates the importance of the selection of the parental genotype when attempting to transfer/develop introgressions into durum wheat from pentaploid crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Othmeni
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Hubbart-Edwards
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Scholefield
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Ashling
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Amor Yahyaoui
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perry Gustafson
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ian P. King
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Julie King
- Nottingham BBSRC Wheat Research Centre, Division of Plant and Cop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Blary A, Jenczewski E. Manipulation of crossover frequency and distribution for plant breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:575-592. [PMID: 30483818 PMCID: PMC6439139 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The crossovers (COs) that occur during meiotic recombination lead to genetic diversity upon which natural and artificial selection can act. The potential of tinkering with the mechanisms of meiotic recombination to increase the amount of genetic diversity accessible for breeders has been under the research spotlight for years. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to increase CO frequency, alter CO distribution and induce COs between non-homologous chromosomal regions. For most of these approaches, translational biology will be crucial for demonstrating how these strategies can be of practical use in plant breeding. In this review, we describe how tinkering with meiotic recombination could benefit plant breeding and give concrete examples of how these strategies could be implemented into breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blary
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Jenczewski
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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Li H, Deal KR, Luo MC, Ji W, Distelfeld A, Dvorak J. Introgression of the Aegilops speltoides Su1-Ph1 Suppressor into Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2163. [PMID: 29326749 PMCID: PMC5742420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in polyploid wheat is inhibited by the Ph1 locus on the long arm of chromosome 5 in the B genome. Aegilops speltoides (genomes SS), the closest relative of the progenitor of the wheat B genome, is polymorphic for genetic suppression of Ph1. Using this polymorphism, two major suppressor loci, Su1-Ph1 and Su2-Ph1, have been mapped in Ae. speltoides. Su1-Ph1 is located in the distal, high-recombination region of the long arm of the Ae. speltoides chromosome 3S. Its location and tight linkage to marker Xpsr1205-3S makes Su1-Ph1 a suitable target for introgression into wheat. Here, Xpsr1205-3S was introgressed into hexaploid bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and from there into tetraploid durum wheat cv. Langdon (LDN). Sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization showed that an Ae. speltoides segment with Xpsr1205-3S replaced the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 3A. In the CS genetic background, the chromosome induced homoeologous chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids with Ae. peregrina but not in progenies from crosses involving alien disomic substitution lines. In the LDN genetic background, the chromosome induced homoeologous chromosome pairing in both interspecific hybrids and progenies from crosses involving alien disomic substitution lines. We conclude that the recombined chromosome harbors Su1-Ph1 but its expression requires expression of complementary gene that is present in LDN but absent in CS. We suggest that it is unlikely that Su1-Ph1 and ZIP4-1, a paralog of Ph1 located on wheat chromosomes 3A and 3B and Ae. tauschii chromosome 3D, are equivalent. The utility of Su1-Ph1 for induction of recombination between homoeologous chromosomes in wheat is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karin R. Deal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wanquan Ji
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jan Dvorak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Koo DH, Liu W, Friebe B, Gill BS. Homoeologous recombination in the presence of Ph1 gene in wheat. Chromosoma 2016; 126:531-540. [PMID: 27909815 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A crossover (CO) and its cytological signature, the chiasma, are major features of eukaryotic meiosis. The formation of at least one CO/chiasma between homologous chromosome pairs is essential for accurate chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division and genetic recombination. Polyploid organisms with multiple sets of homoeologous chromosomes have evolved additional mechanisms for the regulation of CO/chiasma. In hexaploid wheat (2n = 6× = 42), this is accomplished by pairing homoeologous (Ph) genes, with Ph1 having the strongest effect on suppressing homoeologous recombination and homoeologous COs. In this study, we observed homoeologous COs between chromosome 5Mg of Aegilops geniculata and 5D of wheat in plants where Ph1 was fully active, indicating that chromosome 5Mg harbors a homoeologous recombination promoter factor(s). Further cytogenetic analysis, with different 5Mg/5D recombinants, showed that the homoeologous recombination promoting factor(s) may be located in proximal regions of 5Mg. In addition, we observed a higher frequency of homoeologous COs in the pericentromeric region between chromosome combination of rec5Mg#2S·5Mg#2L and 5D compared to 5Mg#1/5D, which may be caused by a small terminal region of 5DL homology present in chromosome rec5Mg#2. The genetic stocks reported here will be useful for analyzing the mechanism of Ph1 action and the nature of homoeologous COs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Hoe Koo
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,Laboratory of Cell and Chromosome Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bernd Friebe
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.
| | - Bikram S Gill
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
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Serrano ÉA, Araya-Jaime C, Suárez-Villota EY, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Meiotic behavior and H3K4m distribution in B chromosomes of Characidium gomesi (Characiformes, Crenuchidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:255-268. [PMID: 27551347 PMCID: PMC4977801 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i2.7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Characidium gomesi Travasso, 1956 specimens from the Pardo River have up to four heterochromatic supernumerary chromosomes, derived from the sex chromosomes. To access the meiotic behavior and distribution of an active chromatin marker, males and females of Characidium gomesi with two or three B chromosomes were analyzed. Mitotic chromosomes were characterized using C-banding and FISH with B chromosome probes. Meiocytes were subjected to immunofluorescence-FISH assay using anti-SYCP3, anti-H3K4m, and B chromosomes probes. Molecular homology of supernumeraries was confirmed by FISH and by its bivalent conformation in individuals with two of these chromosomes. In individuals with three Bs, these elements formed a bivalent and a univalent. Supernumerary and sex chromosomes exhibited H3K4m signals during pachytene contrasting with their heterochromatic and asynaptic nature, which suggest a more structural role than functional of this histone modification. The implications of this result are discussed in light of the homology, meiotic nuclear organization, and meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chomatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Alves Serrano
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elkin Y. Suárez-Villota
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnólogicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. McIntosh
- University of Sydney; Plant Breeding Institute; Castle Hill, N.S.W. Australia
| | - Jane E. Cusick
- University of Sydney; Plant Breeding Institute; Castle Hill, N.S.W. Australia
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Nemeth C, Yang CY, Kasprzak P, Hubbart S, Scholefield D, Mehra S, Skipper E, King I, King J. Generation of amphidiploids from hybrids of wheat and related species from the genera Aegilops, Secale, Thinopyrum, and Triticum as a source of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Genome 2015; 58:71-9. [PMID: 26053312 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We aim to improve diversity of domesticated wheat by transferring genetic variation for important target traits from related wild and cultivated grass species. The present study describes the development of F1 hybrids between wheat and related species from the genera Aegilops, Secale, Thinopyrum, and Triticum and production of new amphidiploids. Amphidiploid lines were produced from 20 different distant relatives. Both colchicine and caffeine were successfully used to double the chromosome numbers. The genomic constitution of the newly formed amphidiploids derived from seven distant relatives was determined using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Altogether, 42 different plants were analysed, 19 using multicolour GISH separating the chromosomes from the A, B, and D genomes of wheat, as well as the distant relative, and 23 using single colour GISH. Restructuring of the allopolyploid genome, both chromosome losses and aneuploidy, was detected in all the genomes contained by the amphidiploids. From the observed chromosome numbers there is an indication that in amphidiploids the B genome of wheat suffers chromosome losses less frequently than the other wheat genomes. Phenotyping to realize the full potential of the wheat-related grass germplasm is underway, linking the analyzed genotypes to agronomically important target traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Nemeth
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Cai-yun Yang
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paul Kasprzak
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stella Hubbart
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Duncan Scholefield
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Surbhi Mehra
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Emma Skipper
- b East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Ian King
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Julie King
- a Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
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11
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Houben A, Banaei-Moghaddam AM, Klemme S, Timmis JN. Evolution and biology of supernumerary B chromosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:467-78. [PMID: 23912901 PMCID: PMC11113615 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable components of the genome exhibiting non-Mendelian inheritance and have been widely reported on over several thousand eukaryotes, but still remain an evolutionary mystery ever since their first discovery over a century ago [1]. Recent advances in genome analysis have significantly improved our knowledge on the origin and composition of Bs in the last few years. In contrast to the prevalent view that Bs do not harbor genes, recent analysis revealed that Bs of sequenced species are rich in gene-derived sequences. We summarize the latest findings on supernumerary chromosomes with a special focus on the origin, DNA composition, and the non-Mendelian accumulation mechanism of Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Houben
- Chromosome Structure and Function Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany,
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12
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Greer E, Martín AC, Pendle A, Colas I, Jones AM, Moore G, Shaw P. The Ph1 locus suppresses Cdk2-type activity during premeiosis and meiosis in wheat. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:152-62. [PMID: 22274628 PMCID: PMC3289575 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite possessing multiple sets of related (homoeologous) chromosomes, hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) restricts pairing to just true homologs at meiosis. Deletion of a single major locus, Pairing homoeologous1 (Ph1), allows pairing of homoeologs. How can the same chromosomes be processed as homologs instead of being treated as nonhomologs? Ph1 was recently defined to a cluster of defective cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-like genes showing some similarity to mammalian Cdk2. We reasoned that the cluster might suppress Cdk2-type activity and therefore affect replication and histone H1 phosphorylation. Our study does indeed reveal such effects, suggesting that Cdk2-type phosphorylation has a major role in determining chromosome specificity during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Greer
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martín
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Pendle
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Colas
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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13
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Cifuentes M, Grandont L, Moore G, Chèvre AM, Jenczewski E. Genetic regulation of meiosis in polyploid species: new insights into an old question. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:29-36. [PMID: 19912546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise chromosome segregation is vital for polyploid speciation. Here, we highlight recent findings that revitalize the old question of the genetic control of diploid-like meiosis behaviour in polyploid species. We first review new information on the genetic control of autopolyploid and allopolyploid cytological diploidization, notably in wheat and Brassica. These major advances provide new opportunities for speculating about the adaptation of meiosis during polyploid evolution. Some of these advances are discussed, and it is suggested that research on polyploidy and on meiosis should no longer be unlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- Institut Jean Pierre Bourgin, Station de Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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14
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Martinez-Perez E, Moore G. To check or not to check? The application of meiotic studies to plant breeding. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 11:222-7. [PMID: 18294901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the barriers that prevent pairing and recombination of the chromosomes from two parental species is important for crop improvement strategies. It had been generally thought that plants do not possess checkpoint mechanisms during meiosis. However, recent data may question this assumption and suggest that exploitation of such mechanisms could be crucial to breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Martinez-Perez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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15
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Griffiths S, Sharp R, Foote TN, Bertin I, Wanous M, Reader S, Colas I, Moore G. Molecular characterization of Ph1 as a major chromosome pairing locus in polyploid wheat. Nature 2006; 439:749-52. [PMID: 16467840 DOI: 10.1038/nature04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The foundation of western civilization owes much to the high fertility of bread wheat, which results from the stability of its polyploid genome. Despite possessing multiple sets of related chromosomes, hexaploid (bread) and tetraploid (pasta) wheat both behave as diploids at meiosis. Correct pairing of homologous chromosomes is controlled by the Ph1 locus. In wheat hybrids, Ph1 prevents pairing between related chromosomes. Lack of Ph1 activity in diploid relatives of wheat suggests that Ph1 arose on polyploidization. Absence of phenotypic variation, apart from dosage effects, and the failure of ethylmethane sulphonate treatment to yield mutants, indicates that Ph1 has a complex structure. Here we have localized Ph1 to a 2.5-megabase interstitial region of wheat chromosome 5B containing a structure consisting of a segment of subtelomeric heterochromatin that inserted into a cluster of cdc2-related genes after polyploidization. The correlation of the presence of this structure with Ph1 activity in related species, and the involvement of heterochromatin with Ph1 (ref. 6) and cdc2 genes with meiosis, makes the structure a good candidate for the Ph1 locus.
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16
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Ohta S, Saruhashi Y. Geographical Distribution of B Chromosomes in Aegilops Mutica Boiss., A Wild Relative of Wheat. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1999.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
B chromosomes are extra chromosomes to the standard complement that occur in many organisms. They can originate in a number of ways including derivation from autosomes and sex chromosomes in intra- and interspecies crosses. Their subsequent molecular evolution resembles that of univalent sex chromosomes, which involves gene silencing, heterochromatinization and the accumulation of repetitive DNA and transposons. B-chromosome frequencies in populations result from a balance between their transmission rates and their effects on host fitness. Their long-term evolution is considered to be the outcome of selection on the host genome to eliminate B chromosomes or suppress their effects and on the B chromosome's ability to escape through the generation of new variants. Because B chromosomes interact with the standard chromosomes, they can play an important role in genome evolution and may be useful for studying molecular evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Camacho
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
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18
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Moore G. To pair or not to pair: chromosome pairing and evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 1998; 1:116-122. [PMID: 10066568 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(98)80012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome pairing in wild-type wheat closely resembles the process in both yeast and Drosophila. The recent characterisation of a mutant Ph1 wheat and the observation that chromosome pairing in the absence of Ph1 more closely resembles that of mammals and maize has shed light on the evolution of chromosome pairing in the cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moore
- John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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19
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A possible effect of B-chromosomes on metaphase I homologous chromosome association in rye. Heredity (Edinb) 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1991.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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20
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JONES R. Cytogenetics of B-Chromosomes in Crops. CHROMOSOME ENGINEERING IN PLANTS: GENETICS, BREEDING, EVOLUTION, PART A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-88259-2.50011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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The effect of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation in wheat, triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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The influence of the genotype of Lolium perenne on homoeologous chromosome association in hexaploid Festuca arundinacea. Heredity (Edinb) 1986. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1986.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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23
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Evans GM, Davies EW. The genetics of meiotic chromosome pairing in Lolium temulentum x Lolium perenne tetraploids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1985; 71:185-192. [PMID: 24247381 DOI: 10.1007/bf00252054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The degree of preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes was estimated in a series of tetraploid hybrids of Lolium temulentum x Lolium perenne by means of cytological and genetic analyses. The correlations between the frequency of bivalents at first metaphase of meiosis in the hybrid tetraploids and the degree of preferential pairing calculated from the segregation pattern of isozyme alleles in a test cross was extremely high. The results showed clearly that suppression of heterogenetic pairing in these Lolium tetraploids is achieved by a genetic system involving the A chromosomes as well as the B chromosome system which has been known for some time. Certain similarities with the genetic system controlling pairing in polyploid wheats are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Evans
- Department of Agricultural Botany, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
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24
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25
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Amos A, Dover G. The distribution of repetitive DNAs between regular and supernumerary chromosomes in species of Glossina (Tsetse): a two-step process in the origin of supernumeraries. Chromosoma 1981; 81:673-90. [PMID: 6258877 DOI: 10.1007/bf00329579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several species of tsetse fly within the Morsitans and Fusca subgenera of Glossina contain supernumerary (B) chromosomes. Previous studies on the meiotic behaviour of chromosomes (Southern and Pell, 1973) and the C-band patterns (Jordan et al., 1977) have indicated a close similarity between the Y chromosome and the supernumeraries. The distributions of the highly abundant families of DNA (satellite DNAs) between the autosomes, sex chromosomes and B chromosomes of G.m. morsitans, G. austeni and G. pallidipes have been examined by in situ hybridisation. In addition, the organisation and sequence homologies of satellite DNAs have been examined by restriction enzymes and heterologous hybridisations in in situ and "Southern" transfer conditions. The majority of satellite sequences that are homologous between species are distributed in several different arrangements between A and B chromosome telomeres with minority sequences at some centromeric and intercalary locations. There is no extensive satellite DNA similarity between the Y and B chromosomes. We suggest that the Y and B chromosome associations and synchronous allocycly during meiosis are the result of extensive heterochromatinisation of these two chromosome types, that is probably a reflection of two separate stages involved in the generation of the B chromosomes in the genus. The independent evolution of satellites and supernumeraries is discussed.
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26
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Viegas WS. The effect of B-chromosomes of rye on the chromosome association in F1 hybrids Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale in the absence of chromosomes 5B or 5D. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1980; 56:193-198. [PMID: 24305853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
T. aestivum var. 'Chinese Spring' (monosomic 5B and 5D, respectively) was crossed with S. cereale (with and without B-chromosomes). The resulting nullisomic 5B hybrids exhibited a high degree of chromosome association both at 20°C and 10°C. The presence of B-chromosomes reduced association slightly whether 5B was present or not.In nullisomic 5D hybrids B-chromosomes of rye raise chromosome association at 20°C when compared to hybrids with 5D, with as well as without, B's. At 10°C, due to the absence of the Ltp gene on 5D, chromosome association in nullisomic 5D hybrids is low, and no effects of rye B-chromosomes is detectable.The hypothesis that B-chromosomes of rye carry (an) asynaptic gene(s) decreasing effective pairing, and (an) independent post-synaptic gene(s) increasing chiasma frequency on effective pairing sites, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Viegas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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27
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Interaction between rye B-chromosomes and wheat genetic systems controlling homoeologous pairing. Chromosoma 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00327564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Hammer K. Vorarbeiten zur monographischen Darstellung von Wildpflanzensortimenten:Aegilops L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02014641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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30
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The effect of rye B-chromosomes on meiotic stability of rye-wheat hybrids in normal, nulli 5B and nulli 5D background. Genetica 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00139494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Sears ER. GENETICS SOCIETY OF CANADA AWARD OF EXCELLENCE LECTURE AN INDUCED MUTANT WITH HOMOEOLOGOUS PAIRING IN COMMON WHEAT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1139/g77-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An apparent deletion of Ph, the chromosome-5B suppressor of homoeologous pairing, was obtained by X-raying normal pollen and using it on plants monosomic for a 5B chromosome carrying the marker Hairy-Neck, previously transferred from rye. Of the 1278 M1 offspring, 675 were eliminated without test, because they were either 1) hairy necked and therefore possessing a maternal 5B that would have hidden any deficiencies present in the X-rayed 5B; 2) nullisomic in appearance and thus likely to have a badly damaged 5B; or 3) completely or nearly male sterile, which precluded the recovery homozygous of any mutant that might have been present. A total of 438 M1 plants were tested for pairing mutations, mostly by crossing to Triticum kotschyi and looking for increased pairing. Only one mutation was obtained that appears to be a deficiency of Ph. The homozygous mutant is somewhat reduced in vigor and fertility, and male transmission from the heterozygote was only 38.6%. A second mutation, which leads to an intermediate level of homoeologous pairing, is not located on chromosome 5B.
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32
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33
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Carmona R, Puertas MJ. Absence of qualitative genes controlling interspecific pairing in rye B chromosomes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1977; 51:111-117. [PMID: 24317687 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1977] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The meiotic behaviour of hybrids between Secale cereale carrying B chromosomes and S. vavilovii has been studied in order to estimate the effects of B chromosomes on hybrid meiotic pairing. The possible effect of Bs on the meiotic pairing of the offspring from backcrosses with S. vavilovii has been studied also. The results obtained clearly indicate that no detectable differences existed in chromosome pairing of hybrids with or without B chromosomes. The hypothetical existence of epistatic genes on cereale genome masking the effect of Bs has been rejected after the results obtained in backcrosses. Therefore, lack of qualitative genes controlling interspecific pairing on rye B chromosomes has been concluded. A quantitative effect of B chromosomes was detected only when they were in alien cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carmona
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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34
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The genotypic control of homoeologous chromosome association in Lolium temulentum � Lolium perenne interspecific hybrids. Chromosoma 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00328440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Roothaan M, Sybenga J. No 5-B compensation by rye B-chromosomes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1976; 48:63-66. [PMID: 24413652 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/1976] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Spring mono-5B wheat was crossed with rye plants, with and without B-chromosomes, to produce polyhaploids with and without 5B and with and without rye B-chromosomes. As expected, absence of 5B resulted in a strong increase of homoeologous pairing. It was accompanied by a decrease in chiasmata in the rye B-chromosomes. The rye B-chromosomes were entirely ineffective in compensating for the 5B effect in nulli 5B, 2 rye B types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roothaan
- Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Dover GA, Henderson SA. No detectable satellite DNA in supernumerary chromosomes of the grasshopper Myrmeleotettix. Nature 1976; 259:57-9. [PMID: 1250342 DOI: 10.1038/259057a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Jones RN. B-chromosome systems in flowering plants and animal species. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1975; 40:1-100. [PMID: 1097353 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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The heterogeneity of B-chromosome DNA: no evidence for a B-chromosome specific repetitive DNA correlated with B-chromosome effects on meiotic pairing in the triticinae. Chromosoma 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00333043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Bennett MD, Dover GA, Riley R. Meiotic duration in wheat genotypes with or without homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1974; 187:191-207. [PMID: 4154033 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1974.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible relation between meiotic time and meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour, meiosis was timed in various forms of wheat and wheat hybrids. First, meiosis was timed in tenTriticum aestivum(var. Chinese Spring) genotypes with different chromosome constitutions which differed widely in the meiotic pairing behaviour. Secondly, in order to escape from the disadvantage of aneuploid material, meiosis was also timed in plants which differed in the extent of homoeologous pairing because of the activities of different alleles at one or two loci. For this experiment use was made of F1-hybrids from the crossT. aestivumxAegilops muticawhich, although they all have 28 chromosomes, differ widely in the amount of homoeologous pairing. Thirdly, meiosis was also timed in 28-chromosome and 29-chromosome plants derived from the cross between rye(Secale cereale)x 43-chromosomeT. aestivumcontaining a singleAe. muticaaddition chromosome known to carry genes which greatly affect the level of homoeologous pairing in wheat. Although the 28-chromosome plants display very little pairing (chiasma frequency per cell (c. f.) = 0.5) while 29-chromosome plants display a much higher amount of pairing (c. f. = 7.8) no difference in meiotic time was detected between them. Similarly, the duration of meiosis was not significantly different between the three types of F1-hybrids betweenT. aestivumxAe. muticawhich had chiasma frequencies of 14.3, 7.4 and 0.9. Thus, these results agree in showing that there was no correlation between the duration of meiosis and the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results obtained for genotypes of Chinese Spring also provided no evidence to support the notion that there is a relation between the level of chromosome pairing and the duration of the pairing process. Consequently some doubt must be cast upon the idea that the time available for pairing is limiting to the pairing process. It was shown that individual wheat chromosomes in Chinese Spring differed in their effects on meiotic duration. For instance, the absence of chromosome 7B has no detectable effect on meiotic duration. The absence of chromosome 5B in two genotypes resulted in an increase in meiotic time from that found in euploid plants (24 h) to that found in tetraploid wheat species (about 30 h). By using plants ditelosomic for chromosome 5BLit was shown that most, if not all, of the genetic effects of chromosome 5B on meiotic time are determined by the short arm.
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40
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John B. The cytogenetic systems of grasshoppers and locusts. II. The origin and evolution of supernumerary segments. Chromosoma 1973; 44:123-46. [PMID: 4778068 DOI: 10.1007/bf00329114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Bowman JG, Thomas H. B chromosomes and chromosome pairing in Lolium perenne X Festuca arundinacea hybrid. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 245:80-1. [PMID: 4517052 DOI: 10.1038/newbio245080a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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