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Sacristán C, Youngblood BA, Lu P, Bally APR, Xu JX, McGary K, Hewitt SL, Boss JM, Skok JA, Ahmed R, Dustin ML. Chronic viral infection alters PD-1 locus subnuclear localization in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114547. [PMID: 39083377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During chronic infection, virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) progressively lose their ability to mount effective antiviral responses. This "exhaustion" is coupled to persistent upregulation of inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) (Pdcd1)-key in suppressing antiviral CTL responses. Here, we investigate allelic Pdcd1 subnuclear localization and transcription during acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice. Pdcd1 alleles dissociate from transcriptionally repressive chromatin domains (lamin B) in virus-specific exhausted CTLs but not in naive or effector CTLs. Relative to naive CTLs, nuclear positioning and Pdcd1-lamina dissociation in exhausted CTLs reflect loss of Pdcd1 promoter methylation and greater PD-1 upregulation, although a direct correlation is not observed in effector cells, 8 days post-infection. Genetic deletion of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) enhances Pdcd1-lamina dissociation in effector CTLs, suggesting that Blimp-1 contributes to maintaining Pdcd1 localization to repressive lamina. Our results identify mechanisms governing Pdcd1 subnuclear localization and the broader role of chromatin dynamics in T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Sacristán
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ben A Youngblood
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Immunology Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peiyuan Lu
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander P R Bally
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Xiaojin Xu
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katelyn McGary
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susannah L Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jane A Skok
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Broomfield BJ, Tan CW, Qin RZ, Duckworth BC, Alvarado C, Dalit L, Chen J, Mackiewicz L, Muramatsu H, Pellegrini M, Rogers KL, Moon WJ, Nutt SL, Davis MJ, Pardi N, Wimmer VC, Groom JR. Transient inhibition of type I interferon enhances CD8 + T cell stemness and vaccine protection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600763. [PMID: 38979239 PMCID: PMC11230403 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing vaccines that promote CD8 + T cell memory is a challenge for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. TCF-1 + stem cell-like memory T (T SCM ) cells are important determinants of long-lived memory. Yet, the developmental requirements for T SCM formation are unclear. Here, we identify the temporal window for type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR) blockade to drive T SCM cell generation. T SCM cells were transcriptionally distinct and emerged from a transitional precursor of exhausted (T PEX ) cellular state concomitant with viral clearance. T SCM differentiation correlated with T cell retention within the lymph node paracortex, due to increased CXCR3 chemokine abundance which disrupted gradient formation. These affects were due a counterintuitive increase in IFNψ, which controlled cell location. Combining IFNAR inhibition with mRNA-LNP vaccination promoted specific T SCM differentiation and enhanced protection against chronic infection. These finding propose a new approach to vaccine design whereby modulation of inflammation promotes memory formation and function. HIGHLIGHTS Early, transient inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) during acute viral infection promotes stem cell-like memory T (T SCM ) cell differentiation without establishing chronic infection. T SCM and precursor of exhausted (T PEX ) cellular states are distinguished transcriptionally and by cell surface markers. Developmentally, T SCM cell differentiation occurs via a transition from a T PEX state coinciding with viral clearance. Transient IFNAR blockade increases IFNψ production to modulate the ligands of CXCR3 and couple T SCM differentiation to cell retention within the T cell paracortex of the lymph node. Specific promotion of T SCM cell differentiation with nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccination elicits enhanced protection against chronic viral challenge.
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3
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Zak J, Pratumchai I, Marro BS, Marquardt KL, Zavareh RB, Lairson LL, Oldstone MBA, Varner JA, Hegerova L, Cao Q, Farooq U, Kenkre VP, Bachanova V, Teijaro JR. JAK inhibition enhances checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Science 2024; 384:eade8520. [PMID: 38900864 PMCID: PMC11283877 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Unleashing antitumor T cell activity by checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is effective in cancer patients, but clinical responses are limited. Cytokine signaling through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway correlates with checkpoint immunotherapy resistance. We report a phase I clinical trial of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in Hodgkin lymphoma patients relapsed or refractory following checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The combination yielded a best overall response rate of 53% (10/19). Ruxolitinib significantly reduced neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and percentages of myeloid suppressor cells but increased numbers of cytokine-producing T cells. Ruxolitinib rescued the function of exhausted T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical solid tumor and lymphoma models. This synergy was characterized by a switch from suppressive to immunostimulatory myeloid cells, which enhanced T cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Isaraphorn Pratumchai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brett S. Marro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kristi L. Marquardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Luke L. Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Judith A. Varner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Livia Hegerova
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Umar Farooq
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Veronika Bachanova
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
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4
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Van Der Byl W, Nüssing S, Peters TJ, Ahn A, Li H, Ledergor G, David E, Koh AS, Wagle MV, Deguit CDT, de Menezes MN, Travers A, Sampurno S, Ramsbottom KM, Li R, Kallies A, Beavis PA, Jungmann R, Bastings MMC, Belz GT, Goel S, Trapani JA, Crabtree GR, Chang HY, Amit I, Goodnow CC, Luciani F, Parish IA. The CD8 + T cell tolerance checkpoint triggers a distinct differentiation state defined by protein translation defects. Immunity 2024; 57:1324-1344.e8. [PMID: 38776918 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance is a checkpoint in both autoimmune disease and anti-cancer immunity. Despite its importance, the relationship between tolerance-induced states and other CD8+ T cell differentiation states remains unclear. Using flow cytometric phenotyping, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and chromatin accessibility profiling, we demonstrated that in vivo peripheral tolerance to a self-antigen triggered a fundamentally distinct differentiation state separate from exhaustion, memory, and functional effector cells but analogous to cells defectively primed against tumors. Tolerant cells diverged early and progressively from effector cells, adopting a transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct state within 60 h of antigen encounter. Breaching tolerance required the synergistic actions of strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and inflammation, which cooperatively induced gene modules that enhanced protein translation. Weak TCR signaling during bystander infection failed to breach tolerance due to the uncoupling of effector gene expression from protein translation. Thus, tolerance engages a distinct differentiation trajectory enforced by protein translation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Van Der Byl
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hanjie Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Ledergor
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew S Koh
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayura V Wagle
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Maria N de Menezes
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Avraham Travers
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shienny Sampurno
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly M Ramsbottom
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shom Goel
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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5
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Heim TA, Schultz AC, Delclaux I, Cristaldi V, Churchill MJ, Ventre KS, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessel transit seeds cytotoxic resident memory T cells in skin draining lymph nodes. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk8141. [PMID: 38848340 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport shapes the homeostatic immune repertoire of lymph nodes (LNs). LN-resident memory T cells (TRMs) play an important role in site-specific immune memory, yet how LN TRMs form de novo after viral infection remains unclear. Here, we tracked the anatomical distribution of antiviral CD8+ T cells as they seeded skin and LN TRMs using a model of vaccinia virus-induced skin infection. LN TRMs localized to the draining LNs (dLNs) of infected skin, and their formation depended on the lymphatic egress of effector CD8+ T cells from the skin, already poised for residence. Effector CD8+ T cell transit through skin was required to populate LN TRMs in dLNs, a process reinforced by antigen encounter in skin. Furthermore, LN TRMs were protective against viral rechallenge in the absence of circulating memory T cells. These data suggest that a subset of tissue-infiltrating CD8+ T cells egress from tissues during viral clearance and establish a layer of regional protection in the dLN basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin C Schultz
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Delclaux
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Cristaldi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeline J Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine S Ventre
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Stolley JM, Scott MC, O'Flanagan SD, Künzli M, Matson CA, Weyu E, Langlois RA, Vezys V, Masopust D. Cutting Edge: First Lung Infection Permanently Enlarges Lymph Nodes and Enhances New T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1621-1625. [PMID: 38619284 PMCID: PMC11250951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Humans experience frequent respiratory infections. Immunology and vaccinology studies in mice are typically performed in naive specific pathogen-free animals responding to their very first respiratory challenge. We found that the first respiratory infection induces lifelong enlargement of the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLNs). Furthermore, infection-experienced medLNs supported better naive T cell surveillance and effector responses to new unrelated infections that exhibited more biased accumulation and memory establishment within the lung. Moreover, we observed that weight loss induced by influenza infection was substantially reduced in mice that had recovered from a previous unrelated respiratory viral challenge. These data show that the lack of infectious history and corresponding medLN hypoplasia in specific pathogen-free mice alter their immune response to lung infections. Preclinical vaccination and immunology studies should consider the previous infectious experience of the model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen D O'Flanagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marco Künzli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Courtney A Matson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eyob Weyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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7
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Xu HC, Pandey P, Ward H, Gorzkiewicz M, Abromavičiūtė D, Tinz C, Müller L, Meyer C, Pandyra AA, Yavas A, Borkhardt A, Esposito I, Lang KS, Lang PA. High-Affinity-Mediated Viral Entry Triggers Innate Affinity Escape Resulting in Type I IFN Resistance and Impaired T Cell Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1457-1466. [PMID: 38497668 PMCID: PMC11016594 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Increased receptor binding affinity may allow viruses to escape from Ab-mediated inhibition. However, how high-affinity receptor binding affects innate immune escape and T cell function is poorly understood. In this study, we used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) murine infection model system to create a mutated LCMV exhibiting higher affinity for the entry receptor α-dystroglycan (LCMV-GPH155Y). We show that high-affinity receptor binding results in increased viral entry, which is associated with type I IFN (IFN-I) resistance, whereas initial innate immune activation was not impaired during high-affinity virus infection in mice. Consequently, IFN-I resistance led to defective antiviral T cell immunity, reduced type II IFN, and prolonged viral replication in this murine model system. Taken together, we show that high-affinity receptor binding of viruses can trigger innate affinity escape including resistance to IFN-I resulting in prolonged viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng C. Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harry Ward
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michal Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Džiuljeta Abromavičiūtė
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Tinz
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A. Pandyra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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St Paul M, Saibil SD, Kates M, Han S, Lien SC, Laister RC, Hezaveh K, Kloetgen A, Penny S, Guo T, Garcia-Batres C, Smith LK, Chung DC, Elford AR, Sayad A, Pinto D, Mak TW, Hirano N, McGaha T, Ohashi PS. Ex vivo activation of the GCN2 pathway metabolically reprograms T cells, leading to enhanced adoptive cell therapy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101465. [PMID: 38460518 PMCID: PMC10983112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of T cell metabolism to enhance anti-tumor activity is an area of active investigation. Here, we report that activating the amino acid starvation response in effector CD8+ T cells ex vivo using the general control non-depressible 2 (GCN2) agonist halofuginone (halo) enhances oxidative metabolism and effector function. Mechanistically, we identified autophagy coupled with the CD98-mTOR axis as key downstream mediators of the phenotype induced by halo treatment. The adoptive transfer of halo-treated CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice led to robust tumor control and curative responses. Halo-treated T cells synergized in vivo with a 4-1BB agonistic antibody to control tumor growth in a mouse model resistant to immunotherapy. Importantly, treatment of human CD8+ T cells with halo resulted in similar metabolic and functional reprogramming. These findings demonstrate that activating the amino acid starvation response with the GCN2 agonist halo can enhance T cell metabolism and anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St Paul
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Samuel D Saibil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada.
| | - Meghan Kates
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - SeongJun Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Scott C Lien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Carlos Garcia-Batres
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Logan K Smith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Douglas C Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Devanand Pinto
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Tracy McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada.
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9
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This S, Costantino S, Melichar HJ. Machine learning predictions of T cell antigen specificity from intracellular calcium dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2298. [PMID: 38446885 PMCID: PMC10917351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies rely on the production of T cells with an antigen receptor that directs their specificity toward tumor-specific antigens. Methods for identifying relevant T cell receptor (TCR) sequences, predominantly achieved through the enrichment of antigen-specific T cells, represent a major bottleneck in the production of TCR-engineered cell therapies. Fluctuation of intracellular calcium is a proximal readout of TCR signaling and candidate marker for antigen-specific T cell identification that does not require T cell expansion; however, calcium fluctuations downstream of TCR engagement are highly variable. We propose that machine learning algorithms may allow for T cell classification from complex datasets such as polyclonal T cell signaling events. Using deep learning tools, we demonstrate accurate prediction of TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cell activation based on calcium fluctuations and test the algorithm against T cells bearing a distinct TCR as well as polyclonal T cells. This provides the foundation for an antigen-specific TCR sequence identification pipeline for adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Heather J. Melichar
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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10
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Abadie K, Clark EC, Valanparambil RM, Ukogu O, Yang W, Daza RM, Ng KKH, Fathima J, Wang AL, Lee J, Nasti TH, Bhandoola A, Nourmohammad A, Ahmed R, Shendure J, Cao J, Kueh HY. Reversible, tunable epigenetic silencing of TCF1 generates flexibility in the T cell memory decision. Immunity 2024; 57:271-286.e13. [PMID: 38301652 PMCID: PMC10922671 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The immune system encodes information about the severity of a pathogenic threat in the quantity and type of memory cells it forms. This encoding emerges from lymphocyte decisions to maintain or lose self-renewal and memory potential during a challenge. By tracking CD8+ T cells at the single-cell and clonal lineage level using time-resolved transcriptomics, quantitative live imaging, and an acute infection model, we find that T cells will maintain or lose memory potential early after antigen recognition. However, following pathogen clearance, T cells may regain memory potential if initially lost. Mechanistically, this flexibility is implemented by a stochastic cis-epigenetic switch that tunably and reversibly silences the memory regulator, TCF1, in response to stimulation. Mathematical modeling shows how this flexibility allows memory T cell numbers to scale robustly with pathogen virulence and immune response magnitudes. We propose that flexibility and stochasticity in cellular decisions ensure optimal immune responses against diverse threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Abadie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rajesh M Valanparambil
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Obinna Ukogu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth K H Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jumana Fathima
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allan L Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tahseen H Nasti
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- T-Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Armita Nourmohammad
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Laboratory of Single-Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Hao Yuan Kueh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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11
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Brunner TM, Serve S, Marx AF, Fadejeva J, Saikali P, Dzamukova M, Durán-Hernández N, Kommer C, Heinrich F, Durek P, Heinz GA, Höfer T, Mashreghi MF, Kühn R, Pinschewer DD, Löhning M. A type 1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL-33 receptor gene directs antiviral T-cell responses. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:256-267. [PMID: 38172258 PMCID: PMC10834369 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The pleiotropic alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) drives type 1, type 2 and regulatory T-cell responses via its receptor ST2. Subset-specific differences in ST2 expression intensity and dynamics suggest that transcriptional regulation is key in orchestrating the context-dependent activity of IL-33-ST2 signaling in T-cell immunity. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized alternative promoter in mice and humans that is located far upstream of the curated ST2-coding gene and drives ST2 expression in type 1 immunity. Mice lacking this promoter exhibit a selective loss of ST2 expression in type 1- but not type 2-biased T cells, resulting in impaired expansion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and T-helper 1 cells upon viral infection. T-cell-intrinsic IL-33 signaling via type 1 promoter-driven ST2 is critical to generate a clonally diverse population of antiviral short-lived effector CTLs. Thus, lineage-specific alternative promoter usage directs alarmin responsiveness in T-cell subsets and offers opportunities for immune cell-specific targeting of the IL-33-ST2 axis in infections and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Brunner
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Serve
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Friederike Marx
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelizaveta Fadejeva
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Saikali
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Dzamukova
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nayar Durán-Hernández
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Kommer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta A Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Löhning
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Hou B, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Wang X, Li W, Tang J, Jia X, Wang J, Cong Y, Quan M, Yang H, Zheng H, Bao Y, Chen XL, Wang HR, Xu B, Gascoigne NRJ, Fu G. SHP-1 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Effector Function but Plays a Subtle Role with SHP-2 in T Cell Exhaustion Due to a Stage-Specific Nonredundant Functional Relay. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:397-409. [PMID: 38088801 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
SHP-1 (Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1) is a well-known negative regulator of T cells, whereas its close homolog SHP-2 is the long-recognized main signaling mediator of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of SHP-2 in PD-1 signaling, and follow-up studies further questioned the alternative idea that SHP-1 may replace SHP-2 in its absence. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of SHP-1 alone or jointly with SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells in a series of gene knockout mice. We show that although SHP-1 negatively regulates CD8+ T cell effector function during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, it is dispensable for CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic LCMV infection. Moreover, in contrast to the mortality of PD-1 knockout mice upon chronic LCMV infection, mice double deficient for SHP-1 and SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells survived without immunopathology. Importantly, CD8+ T cells lacking both phosphatases still differentiate into exhausted cells and respond to PD-1 blockade. Finally, we found that SHP-1 and SHP-2 suppressed effector CD8+ T cell expansion at the early and late stages, respectively, during chronic LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxue Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhou Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University; Xiamen, China
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13
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Guo W, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Du Q, Zhang T, Hu J, Yao Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Cui X, Sun Z, You M, Yu G, Zhang H, Du X, Xu J, Yu S. Mettl3-dependent m 6A modification is essential for effector differentiation and memory formation of CD8 + T cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:82-96. [PMID: 38030520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient immune responses rely on the proper differentiation of CD8+ T cells into effector and memory cells. Here, we show a critical requirement of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase Mettl3 during CD8+ T cell responses upon acute viral infection. Conditional deletion of Mettl3 in CD8+ T cells impairs effector expansion and terminal differentiation in an m6A-dependent manner, subsequently affecting memory formation and the secondary response of CD8+ T cells. Our combined RNA-seq and m6A-miCLIP-seq analyses reveal that Mettl3 deficiency broadly impacts the expression of cell cycle and transcriptional regulators. Remarkably, Mettl3 binds to the Tbx21 transcript and stabilizes it, promoting effector differentiation of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of T-bet partially restores the defects in CD8+ T cell differentiation in the absence of Mettl3. Thus, our study highlights the role of Mettl3 in regulating multiple target genes in an m6A-dependent manner and underscores the importance of m6A modification during CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yashu Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qian Du
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingdi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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14
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Zhou X, Jia X, Huang Z, Yang C, Li J, Xie W, He X, Ying W, Liu C, Liu Y, Liao K, Hong Y, Chen XL, Zhang T, Xia N, Liu WH, Fu G, Xiao C. MHC class II regulation of CD8 + T cell tolerance and implications in autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113452. [PMID: 37976163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-reactive CD8+ T cells are found in humans and animals, but little is known about their identity, development, and function. In this study, we discover a group of CD8+ T cells reactive to both MHC class I and II molecules in MHC class II-deficient mice. We clone their T cell receptors (TCRs) and analyze their development and function. In wild-type animals, thymocytes bearing those TCRs are purged by negative selection. In the absence of MHC class II, they develop into mature CD8+ T cells. When encountering MHC class II in the periphery, they undergo robust activation and proliferation, attack self-tissues, and cause lethal autoimmune diseases. In adoptive T cell therapy, those CD8+ T cells are able to efficiently control MHC class II-expressing tumors. This study opens the door to investigation of dual-reactive CD8+ T cells, their development and selection in the thymus, and the perils and promises when their normal development and selection are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wangnan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kunyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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15
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Weisshaar N, Ma S, Ming Y, Madi A, Mieg A, Hering M, Zettl F, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Stichling D, Buettner M, Poschet G, Klinke G, Schulz M, Kunze-Rohrbach N, Kerber C, Klein IM, Wu J, Wang X, Cui G. The malate shuttle detoxifies ammonia in exhausted T cells by producing 2-ketoglutarate. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1921-1932. [PMID: 37813964 PMCID: PMC10602850 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The malate shuttle is traditionally understood to maintain NAD+/NADH balance between the cytosol and mitochondria. Whether the malate shuttle has additional functions is unclear. Here we show that chronic viral infections induce CD8+ T cell expression of GOT1, a central enzyme in the malate shuttle. Got1 deficiency decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio and limited antiviral CD8+ T cell responses to chronic infection; however, increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio did not restore T cell responses. Got1 deficiency reduced the production of the ammonia scavenger 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) from glutaminolysis and led to a toxic accumulation of ammonia in CD8+ T cells. Supplementation with 2-KG assimilated and detoxified ammonia in Got1-deficient T cells and restored antiviral responses. These data indicate that the major function of the malate shuttle in CD8+ T cells is not to maintain the NAD+/NADH balance but rather to detoxify ammonia and enable sustainable ammonia-neutral glutamine catabolism in CD8+ T cells during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Weisshaar
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sicong Ma
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Alaa Madi
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zettl
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON)-A Helmholtz Institute of the DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Stichling
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schulz
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Kunze-Rohrbach
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Kerber
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Madeleine Klein
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guoliang Cui
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON)-A Helmholtz Institute of the DKFZ, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Globig AM, Zhao S, Roginsky J, Maltez VI, Guiza J, Avina-Ochoa N, Heeg M, Araujo Hoffmann F, Chaudhary O, Wang J, Senturk G, Chen D, O'Connor C, Pfaff S, Germain RN, Schalper KA, Emu B, Kaech SM. The β 1-adrenergic receptor links sympathetic nerves to T cell exhaustion. Nature 2023; 622:383-392. [PMID: 37731001 PMCID: PMC10871066 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are essential components of the immune response against viral infections and tumours, and are capable of eliminating infected and cancerous cells. However, when the antigen cannot be cleared, T cells enter a state known as exhaustion1. Although it is clear that chronic antigen contributes to CD8+ T cell exhaustion, less is known about how stress responses in tissues regulate T cell function. Here we show a new link between the stress-associated catecholamines and the progression of T cell exhaustion through the β1-adrenergic receptor ADRB1. We identify that exhausted CD8+ T cells increase ADRB1 expression and that exposure of ADRB1+ T cells to catecholamines suppresses their cytokine production and proliferation. Exhausted CD8+ T cells cluster around sympathetic nerves in an ADRB1-dependent manner. Ablation of β1-adrenergic signalling limits the progression of T cells towards the exhausted state in chronic infection and improves effector functions when combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma. In a pancreatic cancer model resistant to ICB, β-blockers and ICB synergize to boost CD8+ T cell responses and induce the development of tissue-resident memory-like T cells. Malignant disease is associated with increased catecholamine levels in patients2,3, and our results establish a connection between the sympathetic stress response, tissue innervation and T cell exhaustion. Here, we uncover a new mechanism by which blocking β-adrenergic signalling in CD8+ T cells rejuvenates anti-tumour functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Globig
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Roginsky
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivien I Maltez
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Guiza
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalia Avina-Ochoa
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Filipe Araujo Hoffmann
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Omkar Chaudhary
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gokhan Senturk
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brinda Emu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Wells AC, Hioki KA, Angelou CC, Lynch AC, Liang X, Ryan DJ, Thesmar I, Zhanybekova S, Zuklys S, Ullom J, Cheong A, Mager J, Hollander GA, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Let-7 enhances murine anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses by promoting memory and antagonizing terminal differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5585. [PMID: 37696797 PMCID: PMC10495470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of the CD8 T cell-mediated immune response against infections and tumors depends on the formation of a long-lived memory pool, and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. The advent of checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly improved anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes by reversing CD8 T cell exhaustion, but fails to generate effector cells with memory potential. Here, using in vivo mouse models, we show that let-7 miRNAs determine CD8 T cell fate, where maintenance of let-7 expression during early cell activation results in memory CD8 T cell formation and tumor clearance. Conversely, let-7-deficiency promotes the generation of a terminal effector population that becomes vulnerable to exhaustion and cell death in immunosuppressive environments and fails to reject tumors. Mechanistically, let-7 restrains metabolic changes that occur during T cell activation through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and production of reactive oxygen species, potent drivers of terminal differentiation and exhaustion. Thus, our results reveal a role for let-7 in the time-sensitive support of memory formation and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. Overall, our data suggest a strategy in developing next-generation immunotherapies by preserving the multipotency of effector cells rather than enhancing the efficacy of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kaito A Hioki
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- UMass Biotech Training Program (BTP), Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Constance C Angelou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Adam C Lynch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xueting Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Iris Thesmar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Saule Zhanybekova
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Zuklys
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Ullom
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Georg A Hollander
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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18
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Heim TA, Schultz AC, Delclaux I, Cristaldi V, Churchill MJ, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessel transit seeds precursors to cytotoxic resident memory T cells in skin draining lymph nodes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555369. [PMID: 37693469 PMCID: PMC10491166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) provide rapid, localized protection in peripheral tissues to pathogens and cancer. While TRM are also found in lymph nodes (LN), how they develop during primary infection and their functional significance remains largely unknown. Here, we track the anatomical distribution of anti-viral CD8+ T cells as they simultaneously seed skin and LN TRM using a model of skin infection with restricted antigen distribution. We find exquisite localization of LN TRM to the draining LN of infected skin. LN TRM formation depends on lymphatic transport and specifically egress of effector CD8+ T cells that appear poised for residence as early as 12 days post infection. Effector CD8+ T cell transit through skin is necessary and sufficient to populate LN TRM in draining LNs, a process reinforced by antigen encounter in skin. Importantly, we demonstrate that LN TRM are sufficient to provide protection against pathogenic rechallenge. These data support a model whereby a subset of tissue infiltrating CD8+ T cells egress during viral clearance, and establish regional protection in the draining lymphatic basin as a mechanism to prevent pathogen spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin C. Schultz
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Delclaux
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Cristaldi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeline J. Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Stachura P, Liu W, Xu HC, Wlodarczyk A, Stencel O, Pandey P, Vogt M, Bhatia S, Picard D, Remke M, Lang KS, Häussinger D, Homey B, Lang PA, Borkhardt A, Pandyra AA. Unleashing T cell anti-tumor immunity: new potential for 5-Nonloxytryptamine as an agent mediating MHC-I upregulation in tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:136. [PMID: 37582744 PMCID: PMC10426104 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are urgently needed in melanoma, particularly in late-stage patients not responsive to immunotherapies and kinase inhibitors. To uncover novel potentiators of T cell anti-tumor immunity, we carried out an ex vivo pharmacological screen and identified 5-Nonyloxytryptamine (5-NL), a serotonin agonist, as increasing the ability of T cells to target tumor cells. METHODS The pharmacological screen utilized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-primed splenic T cells and melanoma B16.F10 cells expressing the LCMV gp33 CTL epitope. In vivo tumor growth in C57BL/6 J and NSG mice, in vivo antibody depletion, flow cytometry, immunoblot, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, histological and RNA-Seq analyses were used to decipher 5-NL's immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS 5-NL delayed tumor growth in vivo and the phenotype was dependent on the hosts' immune system, specifically CD8+ T cells. 5-NL's pro-immune effects were not directly consequential to T cells. Rather, 5-NL upregulated antigen presenting machinery in melanoma and other tumor cells in vitro and in vivo without increasing PD-L1 expression. Mechanistic studies indicated that 5-NL's induced MHC-I expression was inhibited by pharmacologically preventing cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Importantly, 5-NL combined with anti-PD1 therapy showed significant improvement when compared to single anti-PD-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates novel therapeutic opportunities for augmenting immune responses in poorly immunogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olivia Stencel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Ugur M, Labios RJ, Fenton C, Knöpper K, Jobin K, Imdahl F, Golda G, Hoh K, Grafen A, Kaisho T, Saliba AE, Grün D, Gasteiger G, Bajénoff M, Kastenmüller W. Lymph node medulla regulates the spatiotemporal unfolding of resident dendritic cell networks. Immunity 2023; 56:1778-1793.e10. [PMID: 37463581 PMCID: PMC10433941 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Unlike macrophage networks composed of long-lived tissue-resident cells within specific niches, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) that generate a 3D network in lymph nodes (LNs) are short lived and continuously replaced by DC precursors (preDCs) from the bone marrow (BM). Here, we examined whether specific anatomical niches exist within which preDCs differentiate toward immature cDCs. In situ photoconversion and Prtn3-based fate-tracking revealed that the LN medullary cords are preferential entry sites for preDCs, serving as specific differentiation niches. Repopulation and fate-tracking approaches demonstrated that the cDC1 network unfolded from the medulla along the vascular tree toward the paracortex. During inflammation, collective maturation and migration of resident cDC1s to the paracortex created discontinuity in the medullary cDC1 network and temporarily impaired responsiveness. The decrease in local cDC1 density resulted in higher Flt3L availability in the medullary niche, which accelerated cDC1 development to restore the network. Thus, the spatiotemporal development of the cDC1 network is locally regulated in dedicated LN niches via sensing of cDC1 densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - R Jacob Labios
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chloe Fenton
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gosia Golda
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hoh
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509 Wakayama, Japan
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Humblin E, Korpas I, Lu J, Filipescu D, van der Heide V, Goldstein S, Vaidya A, Soares-Schanoski A, Casati B, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Wieland A, Corrado M, Cohen-Gould L, Bernstein E, Homann D, Chipuk J, Kamphorst AO. Sustained CD28 costimulation is required for self-renewal and differentiation of TCF-1 + PD-1 + CD8 T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0878. [PMID: 37624910 PMCID: PMC10805182 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1-positive (PD-1+) exhausted state. Exhausted CD8 T cell responses are maintained by precursors (Tpex) that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) and high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD28. Here, we demonstrate that sustained CD28 costimulation is required for maintenance of antiviral T cells during chronic infection. Low-level CD28 engagement preserved mitochondrial fitness and self-renewal of Tpex, whereas stronger CD28 signaling enhanced glycolysis and promoted Tpex differentiation into TCF-1neg exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Furthermore, enhanced differentiation by CD28 engagement did not reduce the Tpex pool. Together, these findings demonstrate that continuous CD28 engagement is needed to sustain PD-1+ CD8 T cells and suggest that increasing CD28 signaling promotes Tpex differentiation into more functional effector-like Tex, possibly without compromising long-term responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Humblin
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Isabel Korpas
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon Goldstein
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abishek Vaidya
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beatrice Casati
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Zeynep H. Gümüş
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC – James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice O. Kamphorst
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Pircher H, Pinschewer DD, Boehm T. MHC I tetramer staining tends to overestimate the number of functionally relevant self-reactive CD8 T cells in the preimmune repertoire. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350402. [PMID: 37179469 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies that used peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers (tet) to identify self-specific T cells have questioned the effectiveness of thymic-negative selection. Here, we used pMHCI tet to enumerate CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant gp33 epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (GP) in mice transgenically engineered to express high levels of GP as a self-antigen in the thymus. In GP-transgenic mice (GP+ ), monoclonal P14 TCR+ CD8 T cells that express a GP-specific TCR could not be detected by gp33/Db -tet staining, indicative of their complete intrathymic deletion. By contrast, in the same GP+ mice, substantial numbers of polyclonal CD8 T cells identifiable by gp33/Db -tet were present. The gp33-tet staining profiles of polyclonal T cells from GP+ and GP-negative (GP- ) mice were overlapping, but mean fluorescence intensities were ∼15% lower in cells from GP+ mice. Remarkably, the gp33-tet+ T cells in GP+ mice failed to clonally expand after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, whereas those of GP- mice did so. In Nur77GFP -reporter mice, dose-dependent responses to gp33 peptide-induced TCR stimulation revealed that gp33-tet+ T cells with high ligand sensitivity are lacking in GP+ mice. Hence, pMHCI tet staining identifies self-specific CD8 T cells but tends to overestimate the number of truly self-reactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Pircher
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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23
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Hackler Y, Siebenhaar F, Maurer M, Muñoz M. Virus-infected mast cells activate virus-specific CD8 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13272. [PMID: 38441354 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Efficient anti-viral responses of CD8+ T cells require signals that promote their effector cell differentiation, that are mainly provided by dendritic cells (DCs). Mast cells (MCs) are key drivers of DC maturation, but also influence their migration and antigen presenting properties and therefore indirectly mediate CD8+ T cell activation. MCs initiate innate immune responses at pathogen entry sites, promote the development of adaptive immune responses after infection, and release mediators including chemokines that recruit and activate immune cells including T cells during viral infections. However, whether MCs can directly activate virus-specific CD8+ T cells remains largely unknown. Here, we used an in vitro viral infection model with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected MCs or DCs co-cultured with either LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or with WT (unspecific) CD8+ T cells. Similar to LCMV-infected DCs, LCMV-infected MCs clustered with virus-specific CD8+ T cells and induced their activation and production of antiviral cytokines. In addition, the co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and OX40L, but not CD80, were upregulated on MCs and an increased production of IL-6 and type I interferons after LCMV infection was shown. Our findings suggest that MCs can promote CD8+ T cell activation during viral infections. MC-mediated CD8+ T cell activation might be especially important within infected tissues where direct cellular interaction can take place. A better understanding of anti-viral functions of MCs may help developing new strategies to better treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Hackler
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Abdelbary M, Hobbs SJ, Gibbs JS, Yewdell JW, Nolz JC. T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8 + T cells that control tissue-residency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3928. [PMID: 37402742 PMCID: PMC10319879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRM differentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+ T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRM differentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a 'chemotactic switch' following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRM differentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James S Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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25
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Stolley JM, Scott MC, Joag V, Dale AJ, Johnston TS, Saavedra F, Gavil NV, Lotfi-Emran S, Soerens AG, Weyu E, Pierson MJ, Herzberg MC, Zhang N, Vezys V, Masopust D. Depleting CD103+ resident memory T cells in vivo reveals immunostimulatory functions in oral mucosa. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221853. [PMID: 37097449 PMCID: PMC10130744 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a frontline for microbial exposure and juxtaposes several unique tissues and mechanical structures. Based on parabiotic surgery of mice receiving systemic viral infections or co-housing with microbially diverse pet shop mice, we report that the oral mucosa harbors CD8+ CD103+ resident memory T cells (TRM), which locally survey tissues without recirculating. Oral antigen re-encounter during the effector phase of immune responses potentiated TRM establishment within tongue, gums, palate, and cheek. Upon reactivation, oral TRM triggered changes in somatosensory and innate immune gene expression. We developed in vivo methods for depleting CD103+ TRM while sparing CD103neg TRM and recirculating cells. This revealed that CD103+ TRM were responsible for inducing local gene expression changes. Oral TRM putatively protected against local viral infection. This study provides methods for generating, assessing, and in vivo depleting oral TRM, documents their distribution throughout the oral mucosa, and provides evidence that TRM confer protection and trigger responses in oral physiology and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Milcah C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy S. Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Flavia Saavedra
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noah V. Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sahar Lotfi-Emran
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew G. Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eyob Weyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark J. Pierson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Damo M, Hornick NI, Venkat A, William I, Clulo K, Venkatesan S, He J, Fagerberg E, Loza JL, Kwok D, Tal A, Buck J, Cui C, Singh J, Damsky WE, Leventhal JS, Krishnaswamy S, Joshi NS. PD-1 maintains CD8 T cell tolerance towards cutaneous neoantigens. Nature 2023; 619:151-159. [PMID: 37344588 PMCID: PMC10989189 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral T cell repertoire of healthy individuals contains self-reactive T cells1,2. Checkpoint receptors such as PD-1 are thought to enable the induction of peripheral tolerance by deletion or anergy of self-reactive CD8 T cells3-10. However, this model is challenged by the high frequency of immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer who have been treated with checkpoint inhibitors11. Here we developed a mouse model in which skin-specific expression of T cell antigens in the epidermis caused local infiltration of antigen-specific CD8 T cells with an effector gene-expression profile. In this setting, PD-1 enabled the maintenance of skin tolerance by preventing tissue-infiltrating antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells from (1) acquiring a fully functional, pathogenic differentiation state, (2) secreting significant amounts of effector molecules, and (3) gaining access to epidermal antigen-expressing cells. In the absence of PD-1, epidermal antigen-expressing cells were eliminated by antigen-specific CD8 T cells, resulting in local pathology. Transcriptomic analysis of skin biopsies from two patients with cutaneous lichenoid immune-related adverse events showed the presence of clonally expanded effector CD8 T cells in both lesional and non-lesional skin. Thus, our data support a model of peripheral T cell tolerance in which PD-1 allows antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells to co-exist with antigen-expressing cells in tissues without immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah I Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aarthi Venkat
- Departments of Genetics and of Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivana William
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn Clulo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Srividhya Venkatesan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Loza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Darwin Kwok
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Buck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaiveer Singh
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William E Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan S Leventhal
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Departments of Genetics and of Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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27
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Aydin S, Pareja J, Schallenberg VM, Klopstein A, Gruber T, Page N, Bouillet E, Blanchard N, Liblau R, Körbelin J, Schwaninger M, Johnson AJ, Schenk M, Deutsch U, Merkler D, Engelhardt B. Antigen recognition detains CD8 + T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3106. [PMID: 37253744 PMCID: PMC10229608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8+ T cells are found in MS lesions, and antigen (Ag) presentation at the BBB has been proposed to promote CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS. Here, we show that brain endothelial cells process and cross-present Ag, leading to effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. Under physiological flow in vitro, endothelial Ag presentation prevented CD8+ T cell crawling and diapedesis resulting in brain endothelial cell apoptosis and BBB breakdown. Brain endothelial Ag presentation in vivo was limited due to Ag uptake by CNS-resident macrophages but still reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells within CNS microvessels. MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation at the BBB during neuroinflammation thus prohibits CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS and triggers CD8+ T cell-mediated focal BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Aydin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pareja
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Getzler AJ, Frederick MA, Milner JJ, Venables T, Diao H, Toma C, Nagaraja SD, Albao DS, Bélanger S, Tsuda SM, Kim J, Crotty S, Goldrath AW, Pipkin ME. Mll1 pioneers histone H3K4me3 deposition and promotes formation of CD8 + T stem cell memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524461. [PMID: 37090503 PMCID: PMC10120707 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
CD8 + T cells with stem cell-like properties (T SCM ) sustain adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens and tumors. However, the developmental origins and chromatin regulatory factors (CRFs) that establish their differentiation are unclear. Using an RNA interference screen of all CRFs we discovered the histone methylase Mll1 was required during T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation for development of a T SCM precursor state and mature memory (T MEM ) cells, but not short-lived or transitory effector cell-like states, in response to viral infections and tumors. Mll1 was essential for widespread de novo deposition of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) upon TCR stimulation, which accounted for 70% of all activation-induced sites in mature T MEM cells. Mll1 promoted both H3K4me3 deposition and reduced TCR-induced Pol II pausing at genes whose single-cell transcriptional dynamics explained trajectories into nascent T SCM precursor states during viral infection. Our results suggest Mll1-dependent control of Pol II elongation and H3K4me3 establishes and maintains differentiation of CD8 + T SCM cell states.
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29
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Marx AF, Kallert SM, Brunner TM, Villegas JA, Geier F, Fixemer J, Abreu-Mota T, Reuther P, Bonilla WV, Fadejeva J, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Aparicio-Domingo P, Scarpellino L, Charmoy M, Utzschneider DT, Hagedorn C, Lu M, Cornille K, Stauffer K, Kreppel F, Merkler D, Zehn D, Held W, Luther SA, Löhning M, Pinschewer DD. The alarmin interleukin-33 promotes the expansion and preserves the stemness of Tcf-1 + CD8 + T cells in chronic viral infection. Immunity 2023; 56:813-828.e10. [PMID: 36809763 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
T cell factor 1 (Tcf-1) expressing CD8+ T cells exhibit stem-like self-renewing capacity, rendering them key for immune defense against chronic viral infection and cancer. Yet, the signals that promote the formation and maintenance of these stem-like CD8+ T cells (CD8+SL) remain poorly defined. Studying CD8+ T cell differentiation in mice with chronic viral infection, we identified the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) as pivotal for the expansion and stem-like functioning of CD8+SL as well as for virus control. IL-33 receptor (ST2)-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibited biased end differentiation and premature loss of Tcf-1. ST2-deficient CD8+SL responses were restored by blockade of type I interferon signaling, suggesting that IL-33 balances IFN-I effects to control CD8+SL formation in chronic infection. IL-33 signals broadly augmented chromatin accessibility in CD8+SL and determined these cells' re-expansion potential. Our study identifies the IL-33-ST2 axis as an important CD8+SL-promoting pathway in the context of chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Friederike Marx
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra M Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias M Brunner
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - José A Villegas
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Fixemer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Abreu-Mota
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Reuther
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weldy V Bonilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelizaveta Fadejeva
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Leo Scarpellino
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Charmoy
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Cornille
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Stauffer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Max Löhning
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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30
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Rollins MR, Raynor JF, Miller EA, Butler JZ, Spartz EJ, Lahr WS, You Y, Burrack AL, Moriarity BS, Webber BR, Stromnes IM. Germline T cell receptor exchange results in physiological T cell development and function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:528. [PMID: 36726009 PMCID: PMC9892040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice represent an invaluable tool to study antigen-specific immune responses. In the pre-existing models, a monoclonal TCR is driven by a non-physiologic promoter and randomly integrated into the genome. Here, we create a highly efficient methodology to develop T cell receptor exchange (TRex) mice, in which TCRs, specific to the self/tumor antigen mesothelin (Msln), are integrated into the Trac locus, with concomitant Msln disruption to circumvent T cell tolerance. We show that high affinity TRex thymocytes undergo all sequential stages of maturation, express the exogenous TCR at DN4, require MHC class I for positive selection and undergo negative selection only when both Msln alleles are present. By comparison of TCRs with the same specificity but varying affinity, we show that Trac targeting improves functional sensitivity of a lower affinity TCR and confers resistance to T cell functional loss. By generating P14 TRex mice with the same specificity as the widely used LCMV-P14 TCR transgenic mouse, we demonstrate increased avidity of Trac-targeted TCRs over transgenic TCRs, while preserving physiologic T cell development. Together, our results support that the TRex methodology is an advanced tool to study physiological antigen-specific T cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Rollins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jackson F Raynor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ebony A Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonah Z Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ellen J Spartz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walker S Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yun You
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam L Burrack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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31
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Bosselut R. Genetic Strategies to Study T Cell Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:117-130. [PMID: 36374453 PMCID: PMC10803070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetics approaches have been instrumental to deciphering T cell development in the thymus, including gene disruption by homologous recombination and more recently Crispr-based gene editing and transgenic gene expression, especially of specific T cell antigen receptors (TCR). This brief chapter describes commonly used tools and strategies to modify the genome of thymocytes, including mouse strains with lineage- and stage-specific expression of the Cre recombinase used for conditional allele inactivation or expressing unique antigen receptor specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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32
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CD8 + T cell metabolic rewiring defined by scRNA-seq identifies a critical role of ASNS expression dynamics in T cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111639. [PMID: 36384124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during an immune response. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to CD8+ T cells activated and differentiated in vitro in physiological medium to resolve these metabolic dynamics. We identify a differential time-dependent reliance of activating T cells on the synthesis versus uptake of various non-essential amino acids, which we corroborate with functional assays. We also identify metabolic genes that potentially dictate the outcome of T cell differentiation, by ranking them based on their expression dynamics. Among them, we find asparagine synthetase (Asns), whose expression peaks for effector T cells and decays toward memory formation. Disrupting these expression dynamics by ASNS overexpression promotes an effector phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in a mouse melanoma model. We thus provide a resource of dynamic expression changes during CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation, and identify ASNS expression dynamics as a modulator of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
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33
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Siewert LK, Dehio C, Pinschewer DD. Adaptive immune defense prevents Bartonella persistence upon trans-placental transmission. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010489. [PMID: 35580143 PMCID: PMC9113594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Bartonella infection has been reported for several mammalian species including mice and humans. Accordingly, it is commonly held that acquired immunological tolerance contributes critically to the high prevalence of Bartonellae in wild-ranging rodent populations. Here we studied an experimental model of Bartonella infection in mice to assess the impact of maternal and newborn immune defense on vertical transmission and bacterial persistence in the offspring, respectively. Congenital infection was frequently observed in B cell-deficient mothers but not in immunocompetent dams, which correlated with a rapid onset of an antibacterial antibody response in infected WT animals. Intriguingly, B cell-deficient offspring with congenital infection exhibited long-term bacteremia whereas B cell-sufficient offspring cleared bacteremia within a few weeks after birth. Clearance of congenital Bartonella infection resulted in immunity against bacterial rechallenge, with the animals mounting Bartonella-neutralizing antibody responses of normal magnitude. These observations reveal a key role for humoral immune defense by the mother and offspring in preventing and eliminating vertical transmission. Moreover, congenital Bartonella infection does not induce humoral immune tolerance but results in anti-bacterial immunity, questioning the contribution of neonatal tolerance to Bartonella prevalence in wild-ranging rodents. Vertical transmission of Bartonella has been reported in small rodents but also in at least one human case. The prevalence of these bacteria in the wild is extremely high. While a protective antibody response clearly controls the infection in the experimental model, observations from the wild indicate that this might not always be the case. This led to the long-standing hypothesis that Bartonella might induce immunological tolerance. To study if transplacental transmission of these bacteria results in immunological tolerance in the offspring, we used a mouse model of Bartonella taylorii infection. We infected wildtype and immunocompromised females (Rag1-/- and μMT) and observed that transmission only occurred in mothers lacking a functional B-cell response. Immunocompetent offspring, however, cleared the infection and were protected from reinfection by the same Bartonella strain due to the presence of protective antibodies. Thus, even though transplacental transmission of Bartonella is possible under the right circumstances, we find no evidence for immunological tolerance or persistent infection in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Siewert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CD); (DDP)
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CD); (DDP)
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34
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Madi A, Weisshaar N, Buettner M, Poschet G, Ma S, Wu J, Mieg A, Hering M, Ming Y, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Cui G. CD8 agonism functionally activates memory T cells and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:797-808. [PMID: 35499751 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells mature after antigen clearance and ultimately express CD8 protein at levels higher than those detected in effector CD8+ T cells. However, it is not clear whether engagement of CD8 in the absence of antigenic stimulation will result in the functional activation of T cells. Here, we found that CD8 antibody-mediated activation of memory CD8+ T cells triggered T cell receptor (TCR) downstream signaling, enhanced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and promoted effector cytokine production in a glucose- and glutamine-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment of memory CD8+ T cells with an agonistic anti-CD8 antibody enhanced their tumoricidal activity in vitro and in vivo. From these studies, we conclude that CD8 agonism activates glucose and glutamine metabolism in memory T cells and enhances the efficacy of memory T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Madi
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sicong Ma
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingxia Wu
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanan Ming
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
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35
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Vincenti I, Page N, Steinbach K, Yermanos A, Lemeille S, Nunez N, Kreutzfeldt M, Klimek B, Di Liberto G, Egervari K, Piccinno M, Shammas G, Mariotte A, Fonta N, Liaudet N, Shlesinger D, Liuzzi AR, Wagner I, Saadi C, Stadelmann C, Reddy S, Becher B, Merkler D. Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells cooperate with CD4 + T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6058. [PMID: 35417190 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells persisting behind the blood-brain barrier are supposed to promulgate local tissue destruction. The drivers of such compartmentalized inflammation remain unclear, but tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a potentially important cellular player in this process. Here, we investigated whether resting CD8+ TRM persisting after cleared infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can initiate immune responses directed against cognate self-antigen in the CNS. We demonstrated that time-delayed conditional expression of the LCMV glycoprotein as neo-self-antigen by glia cells reactivated CD8+ TRM. Subsequently, CD8+ TRM expanded and initiated CNS inflammation and immunopathology in an organ-autonomous manner independently of circulating CD8+ T cells. However, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, TCF-1+ CD8+ TRM failed to expand and differentiate into terminal effectors. Similarly, in human demyelinating CNS autoimmune lesions, we found CD8+ T cells expressing TCF-1 that predominantly exhibited a TRM-like phenotype. Together, our study provides evidence for CD8+ TRM-driven CNS immunopathology and sheds light on why inflammatory processes may evade current immunomodulatory treatments in chronic autoimmune CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Nunez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Piccinno
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ghazal Shammas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fonta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging core facility, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Shlesinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Saadi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sai Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Han S, Liu ZQ, Chung DC, Paul MS, Garcia-Batres CR, Sayad A, Elford AR, Gold MJ, Grimshaw N, Ohashi PS. Overproduction of IFNγ by Cbl-b-Deficient CD8+ T Cells Provides Resistance against Regulatory T Cells and Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:437-452. [PMID: 35181779 PMCID: PMC9662906 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are an integral component of the adaptive immune system that negatively affect antitumor immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) in establishing CD8+ T-cell resistance to Treg-mediated suppression to enhance antitumor immunity. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that Cbl-b regulates pathways associated with cytokine signaling and cellular proliferation. We showed that the hypersecretion of IFNγ by Cbl-b-deficient CD8+ T cells selectively attenuated CD8+ T-cell suppression by Tregs. Although IFNγ production by Cbl-b-deficient T cells contributed to phenotypic alterations in Tregs, the cytokine did not attenuate the suppressive function of Tregs. Instead, IFNγ had a profound effect on CD8+ T cells by directly upregulating interferon-stimulated genes and modulating T-cell activation. In murine models of adoptive T-cell therapy, Cbl-b-deficient T cells elicited superior antitumor immune response. Furthermore, Cbl-b-deficient CD8+ T cells were less susceptible to suppression by Tregs in the tumor through the effects of IFNγ. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the hypersecretion of IFNγ serves as a key mechanism by which Cbl-b-deficient CD8+ T cells are rendered resistant to Tregs. See related Spotlight by Wolf and Baier, p. 370.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongJun Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhe Qi Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael St. Paul
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alisha R. Elford
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Gold
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Grimshaw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Corresponding Author: Pamela S. Ohashi, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, 9-406, Toronto ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Phone: 416-946-4501 ×3689; E-mail:
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37
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Dähling S, Mansilla AM, Knöpper K, Grafen A, Utzschneider DT, Ugur M, Whitney PG, Bachem A, Arampatzi P, Imdahl F, Kaisho T, Zehn D, Klauschen F, Garbi N, Kallies A, Saliba AE, Gasteiger G, Bedoui S, Kastenmüller W. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells maintain and guide the differentiation of precursors of exhausted T cells in distinct cellular niches. Immunity 2022; 55:656-670.e8. [PMID: 35366396 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells by checkpoint immunotherapy depends on the activation of precursors of exhausted T (Tpex) cells, but the local anatomical context of their maintenance, differentiation, and interplay with other cells is not well understood. Here, we identified transcriptionally distinct Tpex subpopulations, mapped their differentiation trajectories via transitory cellular states toward Tex cells, and localized these cell states to specific splenic niches. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were critical for successful αPD-L1 therapy and were required to mediate viral control. cDC1s were dispensable for Tpex cell expansion but provided an essential niche to promote Tpex cell maintenance, preventing their overactivation and T-cell-mediated immunopathology. Mechanistically, cDC1s insulated Tpex cells via MHC-I-dependent interactions to prevent their activation within other inflammatory environments that further aggravated their exhaustion. Our findings reveal that cDC1s maintain and safeguard Tpex cells within distinct anatomical niches to balance viral control, exhaustion, and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dähling
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ana Maria Mansilla
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Whitney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509 Wakayama, Japan
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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38
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Liu Q, Zhou Y, Ma L, Gu F, Liao K, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Hong Y, Cao M, Liu WH, Liu C, Liu G. Sulfate oligosaccharide of Gracilaria lemaneiformis modulates type 1 immunity by restraining T cell activation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Fumagalli V, Venzin V, Di Lucia P, Moalli F, Ficht X, Ambrosi G, Giustini L, Andreata F, Grillo M, Magini D, Ravà M, Friedrich C, Fontenot JD, Bousso P, Gilmore SA, Khan S, Baca M, Vivier E, Gasteiger G, Kuka M, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Group 1 ILCs regulate T cell-mediated liver immunopathology by controlling local IL-2 availability. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi6112. [PMID: 35213210 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which comprise both natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are important innate effectors that can also positively and negatively influence adaptive immune responses. The latter function is generally ascribed to the ability of NK cells to recognize and kill activated T cells. Here, we used multiphoton intravital microscopy in mouse models of hepatitis B to study the intrahepatic behavior of group 1 ILCs and their cross-talk with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells. We found that hepatocellular antigen recognition by effector CD8+ T cells triggered a prominent increase in the number of hepatic NK cells and ILC1s. Group 1 ILCs colocalized and engaged in prolonged interactions with effector CD8+ T cells undergoing hepatocellular antigen recognition; however, they did not induce T cell apoptosis. Rather, group 1 ILCs constrained CD8+ T cell proliferation by controlling local interleukin-2 (IL-2) availability. Accordingly, group 1 ILC depletion, or genetic removal of their IL-2 receptor a chain, considerably increased the number of intrahepatic HBV-specific effector CD8+ T cells and the attendant immunopathology. Together, these results reveal a role for group 1 ILCs in controlling T cell-mediated liver immunopathology by limiting local IL-2 concentration and have implications for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Venzin
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gioia Ambrosi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Grillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Magini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximiliams-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Bousso
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France.,Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille 13276, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximiliams-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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40
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Kahan SM, Bakshi RK, Ingram JT, Hendrickson RC, Lefkowitz EJ, Crossman DK, Harrington LE, Weaver CT, Zajac AJ. Intrinsic IL-2 production by effector CD8 T cells affects IL-2 signaling and promotes fate decisions, stemness, and protection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl6322. [PMID: 35148200 PMCID: PMC8923238 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that the capacity to manufacture IL-2 identifies constituents of the expanded CD8 T cell effector pool that display stem-like features, preferentially survive, rapidly attain memory traits, resist exhaustion, and control chronic viral challenges. The cell-intrinsic synthesis of IL-2 by CD8 T cells attenuates the ability to receive IL-2-dependent STAT5 signals, thereby limiting terminal effector formation, endowing the IL-2-producing effector subset with superior protective powers. In contrast, the non-IL-2-producing effector cells respond to IL-2 signals and gain effector traits at the expense of memory formation. Despite having distinct properties during the effector phase, IL-2-producing and nonproducing CD8 T cells appear to converge transcriptionally as memory matures to form populations with equal recall abilities. Therefore, the potential to produce IL-2 during the effector, but not memory stage, is a consequential feature that dictates the protective capabilities of the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Kahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States,Present address: NextCure, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States,These authors contributed equally
| | - Rakesh K. Bakshi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States,Present address: NextCure, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States,Deceased
| | - Jennifer T. Ingram
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - R. Curtis Hendrickson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Elliot J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Laurie E. Harrington
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Casey T. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Allan J. Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States,Corresponding Author: Allan J. Zajac
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41
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Moustaki A, Crawford JC, Alli S, Fan Y, Boi S, Zamora AE, McDonald NMN, Wu G, Nakitandwe J, Newman S, Foy S, Silkov A, Thomas PG, Pappo A, Dyer MA, Stewart E, Federico S, Youngblood B. Antigen cross-presentation in young tumor-bearing hosts promotes CD8 + T cell terminal differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf6136. [PMID: 35119937 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system undergoes a progressive functional remodeling with age. Understanding how age bias shapes antitumor immunity is essential in designing effective immunotherapies, especially for pediatric patients. Here, we explore antitumor CD8+ T cell responses generated in young (prepubescent) and adult (presenescent) mice. Using an MHCI-deficient tumor model, we observed that tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells expanded in young tumor-bearing (TB) mice acquired a terminally differentiated phenotype characterized by overexpression of inhibitory receptors and the transcription factor Tox1. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from young tumors yielded a poor cytokine response compared with CD8+ T cells infiltrating adult tumors. Young migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) from the draining lymph nodes (dLNs), and mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPCs) infiltrating young tumors, were more competent in capturing and cross-presenting tumor antigen, leading to enhanced priming of CD8+ T cells in dLNs and their subsequent terminal differentiation in the tumors. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of tumor-infiltrating MPCs demonstrated that young MPCs are polarized toward an inflammatory, effector phenotype. Consistent with our observations in young versus adult TB mice, analysis of immune infiltrates from pediatric solid tumors showed a correlation between tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells with an exhaustion phenotype and the frequency of PD-L1-expressing monocytes/macrophages. Collectively, these data indicate that a young tissue microenvironment contributes to the generation of an immune response skewed toward a less pliable terminal effector state, thus narrowing the window for immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiana Moustaki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shanta Alli
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shannon Boi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony E Zamora
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Natalie M N McDonald
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,University of Tennessee Health and Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott Foy
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Antonina Silkov
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sara Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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42
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Stromnes IM, Hulbert A, Rollins MR, Basom RS, Delrow J, Bonson P, Burrack AL, Hingorani SR, Greenberg PD. Insufficiency of compound immune checkpoint blockade to overcome engineered T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003525. [PMID: 35210305 PMCID: PMC8883283 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving robust responses with adoptive cell therapy for the treatment of the highly lethal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been elusive. We previously showed that T cells engineered to express a mesothelin-specific T cell receptor (TCRMsln) accumulate in autochthonous PDA, mediate therapeutic antitumor activity, but fail to eradicate tumors in part due to acquisition of a dysfunctional exhausted T cell state. METHODS Here, we investigated the role of immune checkpoints in mediating TCR engineered T cell dysfunction in a genetically engineered PDA mouse model. The fate of engineered T cells that were either deficient in PD-1, or transferred concurrent with antibodies blocking PD-L1 and/or additional immune checkpoints, were tracked to evaluate persistence, functionality, and antitumor activity at day 8 and day 28 post infusion. We performed RNAseq on engineered T cells isolated from tumors and compared differentially expressed genes to prototypical endogenous exhausted T cells. RESULTS PD-L1 pathway blockade and/or simultaneous blockade of multiple coinhibitory receptors during adoptive cell therapy was insufficient to prevent engineered T cell dysfunction in autochthonous PDA yet resulted in subclinical activity in the lung, without enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Gene expression analysis revealed that ex vivo TCR engineered T cells markedly differed from in vivo primed endogenous effector T cells which can respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Early after transfer, intratumoral TCR engineered T cells acquired a similar molecular program to prototypical exhausted T cells that arise during chronic viral infection, but the molecular programs later diverged. Intratumoral engineered T cells exhibited decreased effector and cell cycle genes and were refractory to TCR signaling. CONCLUSIONS Abrogation of PD-1 signaling is not sufficient to overcome TCR engineered T cell dysfunction in PDA. Our study suggests that contributions by both the differentiation pathways induced during the ex vivo T cell engineering process and intratumoral suppressive mechanisms render engineered T cells dysfunctional and resistant to rescue by blockade of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn M Stromnes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ayaka Hulbert
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meagan R Rollins
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan S Basom
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey Delrow
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patrick Bonson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam L Burrack
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sunil R Hingorani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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43
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Cheung PF, Yang J, Fang R, Borgers A, Krengel K, Stoffel A, Althoff K, Yip CW, Siu EHL, Ng LWC, Lang KS, Cham LB, Engel DR, Soun C, Cima I, Scheffler B, Striefler JK, Sinn M, Bahra M, Pelzer U, Oettle H, Markus P, Smeets EMM, Aarntzen EHJG, Savvatakis K, Liffers ST, Lueong SS, Neander C, Bazarna A, Zhang X, Paschen A, Crawford HC, Chan AWH, Cheung ST, Siveke JT. Progranulin mediates immune evasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through regulation of MHCI expression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:156. [PMID: 35013174 PMCID: PMC8748938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is indispensable for cancer initiation and progression, although its underlying mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not fully known. Here, we characterize the function of tumor-derived PGRN in promoting immune evasion in primary PDAC. Tumor- but not macrophage-derived PGRN is associated with poor overall survival in PDAC. Multiplex immunohistochemistry shows low MHC class I (MHCI) expression and lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration in PGRN-high tumors. Inhibition of PGRN abrogates autophagy-dependent MHCI degradation and restores MHCI expression on PDAC cells. Antibody-based blockade of PGRN in a PDAC mouse model remarkably decelerates tumor initiation and progression. Notably, tumors expressing LCMV-gp33 as a model antigen are sensitized to gp33-TCR transgenic T cell-mediated cytotoxicity upon PGRN blockade. Overall, our study shows a crucial function of tumor-derived PGRN in regulating immunogenicity of primary PDAC. Immune responses to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be inhibited by cancer cells. Here the authors show that high levels of progranulin in PDAC inhibits immune responses by reducing MHC class I antigen presentation through enhanced degradation of MHC class I via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis F Cheung
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - JiaJin Yang
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rui Fang
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianna Borgers
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Krengel
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Stoffel
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Elaine H L Siu
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda W C Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lamin B Cham
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Camille Soun
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf), Essen, Germany
| | - Björn Scheffler
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf), Essen, Germany
| | - Jana K Striefler
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marianne Sinn
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bahra
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Robotics, Krankenhaus Waldfriede, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Pelzer
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Markus
- Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Esther M M Smeets
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Savvatakis
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven-Thorsten Liffers
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Smiths S Lueong
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neander
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Bazarna
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chun N, Ang RL, Chan M, Fairchild RL, Baldwin WM, Horwitz JK, Gelles JD, Chipuk JE, Kelliher MA, Pavlov VI, Li Y, Homann D, Heeger PS, Ting AT. T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces cytotoxicity by activating RIPK1-dependent target cell death. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148643. [PMID: 34752416 PMCID: PMC8783689 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF ligation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) promotes either inflammation and cell survival by (a) inhibiting RIPK1's death-signaling function and activating NF-κB or (b) causing RIPK1 to associate with the death-inducing signaling complex to initiate apoptosis or necroptosis. The cellular source of TNF that results in RIPK1-dependent cell death remains unclear. To address this, we employed in vitro systems and murine models of T cell-dependent transplant or tumor rejection in which target cell susceptibility to RIPK1-dependent cell death could be genetically altered. We show that TNF released by T cells is necessary and sufficient to activate RIPK1-dependent cell death in target cells and thereby mediate target cell cytolysis independently of T cell frequency. Activation of the RIPK1-dependent cell death program in target cells by T cell-derived TNF accelerates murine cardiac allograft rejection and synergizes with anti-PD1 administration to destroy checkpoint blockade-resistant murine melanoma. Together, the findings uncover a distinct immunological role for TNF released by cytotoxic effector T cells following cognate interactions with their antigenic targets. Manipulating T cell TNF and/or target cell susceptibility to RIPK1-dependent cell death can be exploited to either mitigate or augment T cell-dependent destruction of allografts and malignancies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chun
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosalind L. Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julian K. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesse D. Gelles
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and,Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle A. Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasile I. Pavlov
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yansui Li
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian T. Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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45
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St Paul M, Saibil SD, Han S, Israni-Winger K, Lien SC, Laister RC, Sayad A, Penny S, Amaria RN, Haydu LE, Garcia-Batres CR, Kates M, Mulder DT, Robert-Tissot C, Gold MJ, Tran CW, Elford AR, Nguyen LT, Pugh TJ, Pinto DM, Wargo JA, Ohashi PS. Coenzyme A fuels T cell anti-tumor immunity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2415-2427.e6. [PMID: 34879240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic programming is intricately linked to the anti-tumor properties of T cells. To study the metabolic pathways associated with increased anti-tumor T cell function, we utilized a metabolomics approach to characterize three different CD8+ T cell subsets with varying degrees of anti-tumor activity in murine models, of which IL-22-producing Tc22 cells displayed the most robust anti-tumor activity. Tc22s demonstrated upregulation of the pantothenate/coenzyme A (CoA) pathway and a requirement for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for differentiation. Exogenous administration of CoA reprogrammed T cells to increase OXPHOS and adopt the CD8+ Tc22 phenotype independent of polarizing conditions via the transcription factors HIF-1α and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In murine tumor models, treatment of mice with the CoA precursor pantothenate enhanced the efficacy of anti-PDL1 antibody therapy. In patients with melanoma, pre-treatment plasma pantothenic acid levels were positively correlated with the response to anti-PD1 therapy. Collectively, our data demonstrate that pantothenate and its metabolite CoA drive T cell polarization, bioenergetics, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St Paul
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Samuel D Saibil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - SeongJun Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Kavita Israni-Winger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Scott C Lien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Meghan Kates
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - David T Mulder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Céline Robert-Tissot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Charles W Tran
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C1, Canada.
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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47
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Kong L, Andrikopoulos S, MacIsaac RJ, Mackay LK, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Torkamani N, Zafari N, Marin ECS, Ekinci EI. Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:213-226. [PMID: 34845863 PMCID: PMC8847140 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response promotes a pro-inflammatory milieu and subsequently renal fibrosis, and a progressive loss of renal function. Although the role of the innate immune system in diabetic renal disease has been well characterized, the potential contribution of the adaptive immune system remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence in experimental models of DKD indicates an increase in the number of T cells in the circulation and in the kidney cortex, that in turn triggers secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and activation of cells in innate immune response. In human studies, the number of T cells residing in the interstitial region of the kidney correlates with the degree of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the role of the adaptive immune system, and associated cytokines, in the development of DKD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the adaptive immune system as a means of preventing the progression of DKD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Kong
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Center and Monash University Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niloufar Torkamani
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn C S Marin
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Bu X, Juneja VR, Reynolds CG, Mahoney KM, Bu MT, McGuire KA, Maleri S, Hua P, Zhu B, Klein SR, Greenfield EA, Armand P, Ritz J, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. Monitoring PD-1 Phosphorylation to Evaluate PD-1 Signaling during Antitumor Immune Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1465-1475. [PMID: 34635486 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PD-1 expression marks activated T cells susceptible to PD-1-mediated inhibition but not whether a PD-1-mediated signal is being delivered. Molecular predictors of response to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are needed. We describe a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that detects PD-1 signaling through the detection of phosphorylation of the immunotyrosine switch motif (ITSM) in the intracellular tail of mouse and human PD-1 (phospho-PD-1). We showed PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in MC38 murine tumors had high phosphorylated PD-1, particularly in PD-1+TIM-3+ TILs. Upon PD-1 blockade, PD-1 phosphorylation was decreased in CD8+ TILs. Phospho-PD-1 increased in T cells from healthy human donors after PD-1 engagement and decreased in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma following ICB. These data demonstrate that phosphorylation of the ITSM motif of PD-1 marks dysfunctional T cells that may be rescued with PD-1 blockade. Detection of phospho-PD-1 in TILs is a potential biomarker for PD-1 immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Bu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram R Juneja
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol G Reynolds
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen M Mahoney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa T Bu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen A McGuire
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seth Maleri
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ping Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baogong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward A Greenfield
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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49
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Liu C, Ma L, Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen P, Chen X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Liu Y, Jia X, Yang Z, Yin X, Wu J, Wu S, Zheng H, Ma X, Sun X, He Y, Lin L, Fu Y, Liao K, Zhou X, Jiang S, Fu G, Tang J, Han W, Chen XL, Fan W, Hong Y, Han J, Huang X, Li BA, Xiao N, Xiao C, Fu G, Liu WH. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 drives thymocyte egress by suppressing β-catenin activation of Akt. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6262. [PMID: 34623920 PMCID: PMC8500522 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways controlling emigration of mature thymocytes from thymus to the periphery remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that T cell–specific ablation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) led to severely impaired thymic egress. In the absence of GSK3, β-catenin accumulated in the cytoplasm, where it associated with and activated Akt, leading to phosphorylation and degradation of Foxo1 and downregulation of Klf2 and S1P1 expression, thereby preventing emigration of thymocytes. A cytoplasmic membrane-localized β-catenin excluded from the nucleus promoted Akt activation, suggesting a new function of β-catenin independent of its role as a transcriptional activator. Furthermore, genetic ablation of β-catenin, retroviral expression of a dominant negative Akt mutant, and transgenic expression of a constitutively active Foxo1 restored emigration of GSK3-deficient thymocytes. Our findings establish an essential role for GSK3 in thymocyte egress and reveal a previously unidentified signaling function of β-catenin in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Pengda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhanghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xingzhi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Suqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lianghua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yubing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Kunyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guofeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wenzhu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bo-An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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50
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Reuther P, Martin K, Kreutzfeldt M, Ciancaglini M, Geier F, Calabrese D, Merkler D, Pinschewer DD. Persistent RNA virus infection is short-lived at the single-cell level but leaves transcriptomic footprints. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212556. [PMID: 34398180 PMCID: PMC8493862 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several RNA viruses can establish life-long persistent infection in mammalian hosts, but the fate of individual virus-infected cells remains undefined. Here we used Cre recombinase-encoding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to establish persistent infection in fluorescent cell fate reporter mice. Virus-infected hepatocytes underwent spontaneous noncytolytic viral clearance independently of type I or type II interferon signaling or adaptive immunity. Viral clearance was accompanied by persistent transcriptomic footprints related to proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, immune responses, and metabolism. Substantial overlap with persistent epigenetic alterations in HCV-cured patients suggested a universal RNA virus-induced transcriptomic footprint. Cell-intrinsic clearance occurred in cell culture, too, with sequential infection, reinfection cycles separated by a period of relative refractoriness to infection. Our study reveals that systemic persistence of a prototypic noncytolytic RNA virus depends on continuous spread and reinfection. Yet undefined cell-intrinsic mechanisms prevent viral persistence at the single-cell level but give way to profound transcriptomic alterations in virus-cleared cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reuther
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matias Ciancaglini
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Department of Biomedicine, Histology Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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