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Dominicci-Cotto C, Vazquez M, Marie B. The Wingless planar cell polarity pathway is essential for optimal activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1322771. [PMID: 38633293 PMCID: PMC11021733 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1322771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
From fly to man, the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling molecule is essential for both the stability and plasticity of the nervous system. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be a useful system for deciphering the role of Wg in directing activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (ADSP), which, in the motoneuron, has been shown to be dependent on both the canonical and the noncanonical calcium Wg pathways. Here we show that the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is an essential component of the Wg signaling system controlling plasticity at the motoneuron synapse. We present evidence that disturbing the PCP pathway leads to a perturbation in ADSP. We first show that a PCP-specific allele of disheveled (dsh) affects the de novo synaptic structures produced during ADSP. We then show that the Rho GTPases downstream of Dsh in the PCP pathway are also involved in regulating the morphological changes that take place after repeated stimulation. Finally, we show that Jun kinase is essential for this phenomenon, whereas we found no indication of the involvement of the transcription factor complex AP1 (Jun/Fos). This work shows the involvement of the neuronal PCP signaling pathway in supporting ADSP. Because we find that AP1 mutants can perform ADSP adequately, we hypothesize that, upon Wg activation, the Rho GTPases and Jun kinase are involved locally at the synapse, in instructing cytoskeletal dynamics responsible for the appearance of the morphological changes occurring during ADSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carihann Dominicci-Cotto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Bruno Marie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
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2
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Yang Y, Li J, Liu W, Guo D, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Zhao M, He X, Chang S. Differential Expression of microRNAs and Target Genes Analysis in Olfactory Ensheathing Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Versus Olfactory Ensheathing Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:116-125. [PMID: 37076967 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418084900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are important transplantable cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, information on the mechanism of OEC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in nerve repair is scarce. METHODS We cultured OECs and extracted the OEC-derived EVs, which were identified using a transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle flow cytometry, and western blotting. High throughput RNA sequencing of OECs and OEC-EVs was performed, and the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) (DERs) were analyzed by bioinformatics. The target genes of DERs were identified using miRWalk, miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases. Gene ontology and KEGG mapper tools were used to analyze the predicted target genes. Subsequently, the STRING database and Cytoscape software platform were used to analyze and construct miRNA target genes' protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. RESULTS Overall, 206 miRNAs (105 upregulated and 101 downregulated) were differentially expressed in OEC-EVs (p < 0.05;|log2 (fold change)|>2). Six DERs (rno-miR-7a-5p, rno-miR-143-3p, rno-miR-182, rno-miR-214-3p, rno-miR-434-5p, rno-miR-543-3p) were significantly up-regulated , and a total of 974 miRNAs target genes were obtained. The target genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as regulation of cell size, positive regulation of cellular catabolic process and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction; positive regulation of genes involved in cellular components such as growth cone, site of polarized growth, and distal axon; and molecular functions such as small GTPase binding and Ras GTPase binding. In pathway analysis, target genes regulated by six DERs were mainly enriched in axon guidance, endocytosis, and Ras and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G signaling pathways. Finally, 19 hub genes were identified via the PPI network. CONCLUSION Our study provides a theoretical basis for treating nerve repair by OEC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Zhengchao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Minchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Su'e Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
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Filandrova R, Douglas P, Zhan X, Verhey TB, Morrissy S, Turner RW, Schriemer DC. Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome Analyzed by Quantitative Proteomics: A Comparison of Methods. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3054-3067. [PMID: 37595185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple methods for quantitative proteomics are available for proteome profiling. It is unclear which methods are most useful in situations involving deep proteome profiling and the detection of subtle distortions in the proteome. Here, we compared the performance of seven different strategies in the analysis of a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome, involving the knockout of the fmr1 gene that is the leading cause of autism spectrum disorder. Focusing on the cerebellum, we show that data-independent acquisition (DIA) and the tandem mass tag (TMT)-based real-time search method (RTS) generated the most informative profiles, generating 334 and 329 significantly altered proteins, respectively, although the latter still suffered from ratio compression. Label-free methods such as BoxCar and a conventional data-dependent acquisition were too noisy to generate a reliable profile, while TMT methods that do not invoke RTS showed a suppressed dynamic range. The TMT method using the TMTpro reagents together with complementary ion quantification (ProC) overcomes ratio compression, but current limitations in ion detection reduce sensitivity. Overall, both DIA and RTS uncovered known regulators of the syndrome and detected alterations in calcium signaling pathways that are consistent with calcium deregulation recently observed in imaging studies. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD039885.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzena Filandrova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pauline Douglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Zhan
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Theodore B Verhey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raymond W Turner
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David C Schriemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Elmadani M, Raatikainen S, Mattila O, Alakoski T, Piuhola J, Åström P, Tenhunen O, Magga J, Kerkelä R. Dasatinib targets c-Src kinase in cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:521-528. [PMID: 37152411 PMCID: PMC10160240 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor used for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Unfortunately, treatment of cancer patients with some kinase inhibitors has been associated with cardiotoxicity. Cancer treatment with dasatinib has been reported to be associated with cardiotoxic side effects such as left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, pericardial effusion and pulmonary hypertension. Here we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity of dasatinib. We found that among the resident cardiac cell types, cardiomyocytes were most sensitive to dasatinib-induced cell death. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to dasatinib attenuated the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is a downstream target of dasatinib target kinase c-Src. Similar to dasatinib, c-Src depletion in cardiomyocytes compromised cardiomyocyte viability. Overexpression of dasatinib-resistant mutant of c-Src rescued the toxicity of dasatinib on cardiomyocytes, whereas forced expression of wild type c-Src did not have protective effect. Collectively, our results show that c-Src is a key target of dasatinib mediating the toxicity of dasatinib to cardiomyocytes. These findings may influence future drug design and suggest closer monitoring of patients treated with agents targeting c-Src for possible adverse cardiac effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Elmadani
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sami Raatikainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Orvokki Mattila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Piuhola
- Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Åström
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Tenhunen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence to: Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.BOX 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Lippincott MF, Xu W, Smith AA, Miao X, Lafont A, Shennib O, Farley GJ, Sabbagh R, Delaney A, Stamou M, Plummer L, Salnikov K, Georgopoulos NA, Mericq V, Quinton R, Mau-Them FT, Nambot S, Hamad A, Brittain H, Tooze RS, Calpena E, Wilkie AOM, Willems M, Crowley WF, Balasubramanian R, Lamarche-Vane N, Davis EE, Seminara SB. The p190 RhoGAPs, ARHGAP35, and ARHGAP5 are implicated in GnRH neuronal development: Evidence from patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, zebrafish, and in vitro GAP activity assay. Genet Med 2022; 24:2501-2515. [PMID: 36178483 PMCID: PMC9730938 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to identify novel genes for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). METHODS A cohort of 1387 probands with IHH underwent exome sequencing and de novo, familial, and cohort-wide investigations. Functional studies were performed on 2 p190 Rho GTPase-activating proteins (p190 RhoGAP), ARHGAP35 and ARHGAP5, which involved in vivo modeling in larval zebrafish and an in vitro p190A-GAP activity assay. RESULTS Rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs; n = 5) and missense variants in the RhoGAP domain (n = 7) in ARHGAP35 were identified in IHH cases (rare variant enrichment: PTV [unadjusted P = 3.1E-06] and missense [adjusted P = 4.9E-03] vs controls). Zebrafish modeling using gnrh3:egfp phenotype assessment showed that mutant larvae with deficient arhgap35a, the predominant ARHGAP35 paralog in the zebrafish brain, display decreased GnRH3-GFP+ neuronal area, a readout for IHH. In vitro GAP activity studies showed that 1 rare missense variant [ARHGAP35 p.(Arg1284Trp)] had decreased GAP activity. Rare PTVs (n = 2) also were discovered in ARHGAP5, a paralog of ARHGAP35; however, arhgap5 zebrafish mutants did not display significant GnRH3-GFP+ abnormalities. CONCLUSION This study identified ARHGAP35 as a new autosomal dominant genetic driver for IHH and ARHGAP5 as a candidate gene for IHH. These observations suggest a novel role for the p190 RhoGAP proteins in GnRH neuronal development and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanxue Xu
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agathe Lafont
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Omar Shennib
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gordon J Farley
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Riwa Sabbagh
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Delaney
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria Stamou
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn Salnikov
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Division of Endocrinology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Functional Unit 6254 Innovation in Genomic Diagnosis of Rare Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement Et Syndrome Malformatifs » de L'Est, Hôpital D'Enfants, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Asma Hamad
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brittain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca S Tooze
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Groupe DI, Inserm U1298, INM, Montpellier University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erica E Davis
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Hayden L, Chao A, Deneke VE, Vergassola M, Puliafito A, Di Talia S. Cullin-5 mutants reveal collective sensing of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio in Drosophila embryogenesis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2084-2092.e4. [PMID: 35334230 PMCID: PMC9090985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In most metazoans, early embryonic development is characterized by rapid division cycles that pause before gastrulation at the midblastula transition (MBT).1 These cleavage divisions are accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements that ensure proper nuclear positioning. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling nuclear positioning are not fully elucidated. In Drosophila, early embryogenesis unfolds in a multinucleated syncytium. Nuclei rapidly move across the anterior-posterior (AP) axis at cell cycles 4-6 in a process driven by actomyosin contractility and cytoplasmic flows.2,3 In shackleton (shkl) mutants, this axial spreading is impaired.4 Here, we show that shkl mutants carry mutations in the cullin-5 (cul-5) gene. Live imaging experiments show that Cul-5 is downstream of the cell cycle but is required for cortical actomyosin contractility. The nuclear spreading phenotype of cul-5 mutants can be rescued by reducing Src activity, suggesting that a major target of cul-5 is Src kinase. cul-5 mutants display gradients of nuclear density across the AP axis that we exploit to study cell-cycle control as a function of the N/C ratio. We found that the N/C ratio is sensed collectively in neighborhoods of about 100 μm, and such collective sensing is required for a precise MBT, in which all the nuclei in the embryo pause their division cycle. Moreover, we found that the response to the N/C ratio is slightly graded along the AP axis. These two features can be linked to Cdk1 dynamics. Collectively, we reveal a new pathway controlling nuclear positioning and provide a dissection of how nuclear cycles respond to the N/C ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hayden
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anna Chao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria E Deneke
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Laboratory of Cell Migration, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, Università di Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z in Central Nervous System Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084414. [PMID: 35457233 PMCID: PMC9024684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most common tumors of the central nervous system and include highly malignant subtypes, such as glioblastoma, which are associated with poor prognosis. Effective treatments are therefore urgently needed. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, differentiating gliomas from other brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis remains challenging in some patients, and often requires invasive brain biopsy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. Several reports analyzing mouse tumor models suggest that PTPRZ may have potential as a therapeutic target for gliomas. A soluble cleaved form of PTPRZ (sPTPRZ) in the cerebrospinal fluid is markedly upregulated in glioma patients, making it another promising diagnostic biomarker. Intriguingly, PTPRZ is also involved in the process of remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Indeed, lowered PTPRZ glycosylation by deletion of the glycosyltransferase gene leads to reduced astrogliosis and enhanced remyelination in mouse models of demyelination. Here, we review the expression, molecular structure, and biological roles of PTPRZ. We also discuss glioma and demyelinating diseases, as well as the pathological role of PTPRZ and its application as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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8
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Kietzman HW, Shapiro LP, Trinoskey-Rice G, Gourley SL. Cell adhesion presence during adolescence controls the architecture of projection-defined prefrontal cortical neurons and reward-related action strategies later in life. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101097. [PMID: 35325840 PMCID: PMC8938620 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent brain development is characterized by neuronal remodeling in the prefrontal cortex; relationships with behavior are largely undefined. Integrins are cell adhesion factors that link the extracellular matrix with intracellular actin cytoskeleton. We find that β1-integrin presence in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL) during adolescence, but not adulthood, is necessary for mice to select actions based on reward likelihood and value. As such, adult mice that lacked β1-integrin during adolescence failed to modify response strategies when rewards lost value or failed to be delivered. This pattern suggests that β1-integrin-mediated neuronal development is necessary for PL function in adulthood. We next visualized adolescent PL neurons, including those receiving input from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) - thought to signal salience - and projecting to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) - the striatal output by which the PL controls goal-seeking behavior. Firstly, we found that these projection-defined neurons had a distinct morphology relative to general layer V PL neurons. Secondly, β1-integrin loss triggered the overexpression of stubby-type dendritic spines at the expense of mature spines, including on projection-defined neurons. This phenotype was not observed when β1-integrins were silenced before or after adolescence. Altogether, our experiments localize β1-integrin-mediated cell adhesion within a developing di-synaptic circuit coordinating adaptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Kietzman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States
| | - Gracy Trinoskey-Rice
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, United States.
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9
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De Ieso ML, Kuhn M, Bernatchez P, Elliott MH, Stamer WD. A Role of Caveolae in Trabecular Meshwork Mechanosensing and Contractile Tone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855097. [PMID: 35372369 PMCID: PMC8969750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the CAV1/2 gene loci impart increased risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). CAV1 encodes caveolin-1 (Cav1), which is required for biosynthesis of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae. Cav1 knockout mice exhibit elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and decreased outflow facility, but the mechanistic role of Cav1 in IOP homeostasis is unknown. We hypothesized that caveolae sequester/inhibit RhoA, to regulate trabecular meshwork (TM) mechanosensing and contractile tone. Using phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) as a surrogate indicator for Rho/ROCK activity and contractile tone, we found that pMLC was elevated in Cav1-deficient TM cells compared to control (131 ± 10%, n = 10, p = 0.016). Elevation of pMLC levels following Cav1 knockdown occurred in cells on a soft surface (137 ± 7%, n = 24, p < 0.0001), but not on a hard surface (122 ± 17%, n = 12, p = 0.22). In Cav1-deficient TM cells where pMLC was elevated, Rho activity was also increased (123 ± 7%, n = 6, p = 0.017), suggesting activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway. Cyclic stretch reduced pMLC/MLC levels in TM cells (69 ± 7% n = 9, p = 0.002) and in Cav1-deficient TM cells, although not significantly (77 ± 11% n = 10, p = 0.059). Treatment with the Cav1 scaffolding domain mimetic, cavtratin (1 μM) caused a reduction in pMLC (70 ± 5% n = 7, p = 0.001), as did treatment with the scaffolding domain mutant cavnoxin (1 μM) (82 ± 7% n = 7, p = 0.04). Data suggest that caveolae differentially regulate RhoA signaling, and that caveolae participate in TM mechanotransduction. Cav1 regulation of these key TM functions provide evidence for underlying mechanisms linking polymorphisms in the Cav1/2 gene loci with increased POAG risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Megan Kuhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Heart + Lung Innovation Centre, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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10
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Kato G. Regulatory Roles of the N-Terminal Intrinsically Disordered Region of Modular Src. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2241. [PMID: 35216357 PMCID: PMC8874404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, the prototype of Src family kinases (SFKs), is a modular protein consisting of SH4 (SH4) and unique (UD) domains in an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), and SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) folded domains conserved among SFKs. Src functions as a pleiotropic signaling hub in proliferating and post-mitotic cells, and it is related to cancer and neurological diseases. However, its regulatory mechanism is unclear because the existing canonical model is derived from crystallographic analyses of folded constructs lacking the IDR. This work reviews nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of partially structured lipid-binding segments in the flexible UD and the fuzzy intramolecular complex (FIMC) comprising IDR and SH3 domains, which interacts with lipid membranes and proteins. Furthermore, recently determined IDR-related Src characteristics are discussed, including dimerization, SH4/KD intramolecular fastener bundling of folded domains, and the sorting of adhesive structures. Finally, the modulatory roles of IDR phosphorylation in Src activities involving the FIMC are explored. The new regulatory roles of IDRs are integrated with the canonical model to elucidate the functions of full-length Src. This review presents new aspects of Src regulation, and provides a future direction for studies on the structure and function of Src, and their implications for pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kato
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan
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11
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Li ZZ, Han WJ, Sun ZC, Chen Y, Sun JY, Cai GH, Liu WN, Wang TZ, Xie YD, Mao HH, Wang F, Ma SB, Wang FD, Xie RG, Wu SX, Luo C. Extracellular matrix protein laminin β1 regulates pain sensitivity and anxiodepression-like behaviors in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e146323. [PMID: 34156983 DOI: 10.1172/jci146323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain often experience comorbid psychiatric disorders. Cellular plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is assumed to be a critical interface for pain perception and emotion. However, substantial efforts have thus far been focused on the intracellular mechanisms of plasticity rather than the extracellular alterations that might trigger and facilitate intracellular changes. Laminin, a key element of the extracellular matrix (ECM), consists of one α-, one β-, and one γ-chain and is implicated in several pathophysiological processes. Here, we showed in mice that laminin β1 (LAMB1) in the ACC was significantly downregulated upon peripheral neuropathy. Knockdown of LAMB1 in the ACC exacerbated pain sensitivity and induced anxiety and depression. Mechanistic analysis revealed that loss of LAMB1 caused actin dysregulation via interaction with integrin β1 and the subsequent Src-dependent RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway, leading to increased presynaptic transmitter release probability and abnormal postsynaptic spine remodeling, which in turn orchestrated the structural and functional plasticity of pyramidal neurons and eventually resulted in pain hypersensitivity and anxiodepression. This study sheds new light on the functional capability of ECM LAMB1 in modulating pain plasticity and identifies a mechanism that conveys extracellular alterations to intracellular plasticity. Moreover, we identified cingulate LAMB1/integrin β1 signaling as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and associated anxiodepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, and
| | - Wen-Juan Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Zhi-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Yun Chen
- The Second Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Yi Sun
- The Second Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Hong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Wan-Neng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang-Dan Xie
- The Second Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Hui Mao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine.,Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Sui-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Fu-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine
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12
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Salama A, Mahmoud HAA, Kandeil MA, Khalaf MM. Neuroprotective role of camphor against ciprofloxacin induced depression in rats: modulation of Nrf-2 and TLR4. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:309-318. [PMID: 34032546 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression affects people feeling to be anxious, worried, and restless. They also lose interest in activities, concentrating and appetite, they finally may attempt suicide. Depression is the second chronic disease, as a source of the global burden of disease, after heart disease. Its prevalence elevated seven times during the COVID-19. AIM The current study was designed to evaluate camphor neuroprotective role against rats' ciprofloxacin-induced depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Depression was induced by administration of ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg; orally) for 21 days. Wister albino male rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control): rats were given normal saline. Group II: rats received camphor (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 21 days. Group III (depression control): rats received ciprofloxacin only. Groups IV and V: rats received camphor (5 and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 21 days concurrent with ciprofloxacin. Behavior tests as forced swimming test, activity cage, and rotarod were estimated. Oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) besides inflammatory biomarkers as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as neurotransmitters were determined. Finally, histopathological examination was done. RESULTS Camphor increased catalase and Nrf-2 activities, decreased NO, MDA, TNF-α, TLR4 serum levels, and elevating brain contents of serotonin, dopamine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and P190-RHO GTP protein with normal neuronal cells of the frontal cortex. CONCLUSION Camphor has neuroprotective effect via modulation of Nrf-2 and TLR4 against ciprofloxacin-induced depression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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13
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Layalle S, They L, Ourghani S, Raoul C, Soustelle L. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020904. [PMID: 33477509 PMCID: PMC7831090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layalle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Laetitia They
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Ourghani
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laurent Soustelle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
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14
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Kim HJ, Kim MJ, Mostafa MN, Park JH, Choi HS, Kim YS, Choi EK. RhoA/ROCK Regulates Prion Pathogenesis by Controlling Connexin 43 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041255. [PMID: 32070020 PMCID: PMC7072953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie infection, which converts cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathological and infectious isoform (PrPSc), leads to neuronal cell death, glial cell activation and PrPSc accumulation. Previous studies reported that PrPC regulates RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling and that connexin 43 (Cx43) expression is upregulated in in vitro and in vivo prion-infected models. However, whether there is a link between RhoA/ROCK and Cx43 in prion disease pathogenesis is uncertain. Here, we investigated the role of RhoA/ROCK signaling and Cx43 in prion diseases using in vitro and in vivo models. Scrapie infection induced RhoA activation, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of LIM kinase 1/2 (LIMK1/2) at Thr508/Thr505 and cofilin at Ser3 and reduced phosphorylation of RhoA at Ser188 in hippocampal neuronal cells and brains of mice. Scrapie infection-induced RhoA activation also resulted in PrPSc accumulation followed by a reduction in the interaction between RhoA and p190RhoGAP (a GTPase-activating protein). Interestingly, scrapie infection significantly enhanced the interaction between RhoA and Cx43. Moreover, RhoA and Cx43 colocalization was more visible in both the membrane and cytoplasm of scrapie-infected hippocampal neuronal cells than in controls. Finally, RhoA and ROCK inhibition reduced PrPSc accumulation and the RhoA/Cx43 interaction, leading to decreased Cx43 hemichannel activity in scrapie-infected hippocampal neuronal cells. These findings suggest that RhoA/ROCK regulates Cx43 activity, which may have an important role in the pathogenesis of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Mohd Najib Mostafa
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Hong-Seok Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.K.); (M.N.M.); (J.-H.P.); (H.-S.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-1893; Fax: +82-31-388-3427
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15
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Han T, Jiang S, Zheng H, Yin Q, Xie M, Little MR, Yin X, Chen M, Song SJ, Beg AA, Pandolfi PP, Wan L. Interplay between c-Src and the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 regulates mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3716. [PMID: 31420536 PMCID: PMC6697746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 drives proper cell cycle progression and is implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, it remains elusive how Cdh1 restrains cancer progression and how tumor cells escape the inhibition of Cdh1. Here we report that Cdh1 suppresses the kinase activity of c-Src in an APC-independent manner. Depleting Cdh1 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to promote breast tumor progression in mice. Hyperactive c-Src, on the other hand, reciprocally inhibits the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of APCCdh1 through direct phosphorylation of Cdh1 at its N-terminus, which disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC core complex. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src restores APCCdh1 tumor suppressor function to repress a panel of APCCdh1 oncogenic substrates. Our findings reveal a reciprocal feedback circuit of Cdh1 and c-Src in the crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the c-Src signaling pathway. The Anaphase Promoting Complex adaptor protein Cdh1 tightly controls cell cycle progression to restrain tumorigenesis but the mechanism is not completely known. Here, the authors show that reciprocal inhibition between Cdh1 and the c-Src signaling pathway regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Margaret R Little
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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16
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Leyton L, Díaz J, Martínez S, Palacios E, Pérez LA, Pérez RD. Thy-1/CD90 a Bidirectional and Lateral Signaling Scaffold. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:132. [PMID: 31428610 PMCID: PMC6689999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thy-1/CD90 is a glycoprotein attached to the outer face of the plasma membrane with various functions, which depend on the context of specific physiological or pathological conditions. Many of these reported functions for Thy-1/CD90 arose from studies by our group, which identified the first ligand/receptor for Thy-1/CD90 as an integrin. This finding initiated studies directed toward unveiling the molecular mechanisms that operate downstream of Thy-1/CD90 activation, and its possible interaction with proteins in the membrane plane to regulate their function. The association of Thy-1/CD90 with a number of cell surface molecules allows the formation of extra/intracellular multiprotein complexes composed of various ligands and receptors, extracellular matrix proteins, intracellular signaling proteins, and the cytoskeleton. The complexes sense changes that occur inside and outside the cells, with Thy-1/CD90 at the core of this extracellular molecular platform. Molecular platforms are scaffold-containing microdomains where key proteins associate to prominently influence cellular processes and behavior. Each component, by itself, is less effective, but when together with various scaffold proteins to form a platform, the components become more specific and efficient to convey the messages. This review article discusses the experimental evidence that supports the role of Thy-1/CD90 as a membrane-associated platform (ThyMAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Martínez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Palacios
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo A Pérez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón D Pérez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Héraud C, Pinault M, Lagrée V, Moreau V. p190RhoGAPs, the ARHGAP35- and ARHGAP5-Encoded Proteins, in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040351. [PMID: 31013840 PMCID: PMC6523970 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) gathered in the Rat sarcoma (Ras) superfamily represent a large family of proteins involved in several key cellular mechanisms. Within the Ras superfamily, the Ras homolog (Rho) family is specialized in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-based mechanisms. These proteins switch between an active and an inactive state, resulting in subsequent inhibiting or activating downstream signals, leading finally to regulation of actin-based processes. The On/Off status of Rho GTPases implicates two subsets of regulators: GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), which favor the active GTP (guanosine triphosphate) status of the GTPase and GAPs (GTPase activating proteins), which inhibit the GTPase by enhancing the GTP hydrolysis. In humans, the 20 identified Rho GTPases are regulated by over 70 GAP proteins suggesting a complex, but well-defined, spatio-temporal implication of these GAPs. Among the quite large number of RhoGAPs, we focus on p190RhoGAP, which is known as the main negative regulator of RhoA, but not exclusively. Two isoforms, p190A and p190B, are encoded by ARHGAP35 and ARHGAP5 genes, respectively. We describe here the function of each of these isoforms in physiological processes and sum up findings on their role in pathological conditions such as neurological disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Héraud
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Mathilde Pinault
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Violaine Moreau
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
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18
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Nonphosphorylatable Src Ser75 Mutation Increases Ethanol Preference and Consumption in Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0418-18. [PMID: 30963106 PMCID: PMC6451160 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0418-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is highly expressed in CNS neurons and contributes not only to developmental proliferation and differentiation but also to high-order brain functions, such as those contributing to alcohol consumption. Src knock-out mice exhibit no CNS abnormalities, presumably due to compensation by other Src family kinases (SFKs), but have a shortened lifespan and osteopetrosis-associated defects, impeding investigations of the role of Src on behavior in adult mice. However, the Unique domain of Src differs from those in other SFKs and is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and Cdk5 at Ser75, which influences its postmitotic function in neurons. Therefore, ethanol consumption in mice harboring nonphosphorylatable (Ser75Ala) or phosphomimetic (Ser75Asp) Src mutants was investigated. Mice harboring the Ser75Ala Src mutant, but not the Ser75Asp mutant, had a higher preference for and consumption of solutions containing 5% and 10% ethanol than wild-type mice. However, plasma ethanol concentrations and sensitivities to the sedative effects of ethanol were not different among the groups. In mice harboring the Ser75Ala Src mutant, the activity of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the striatum was significantly lower and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that Src regulates voluntary ethanol drinking in a manner that depends on Ser75 phosphorylation.
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19
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Niftullayev S, Lamarche-Vane N. Regulators of Rho GTPases in the Nervous System: Molecular Implication in Axon Guidance and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1497. [PMID: 30934641 PMCID: PMC6471118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental steps during development of the nervous system is the formation of proper connections between neurons and their target cells-a process called neural wiring, failure of which causes neurological disorders ranging from autism to Down's syndrome. Axons navigate through the complex environment of a developing embryo toward their targets, which can be far away from their cell bodies. Successful implementation of neuronal wiring, which is crucial for fulfillment of all behavioral functions, is achieved through an intimate interplay between axon guidance and neural activity. In this review, our focus will be on axon pathfinding and the implication of some of its downstream molecular components in neurological disorders. More precisely, we will talk about axon guidance and the molecules implicated in this process. After, we will briefly review the Rho family of small GTPases, their regulators, and their involvement in downstream signaling pathways of the axon guidance cues/receptor complexes. We will then proceed to the final and main part of this review, where we will thoroughly comment on the implication of the regulators for Rho GTPases-GEFs (Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating Proteins)-in neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Niftullayev
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.
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20
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Bonanomi D, Valenza F, Chivatakarn O, Sternfeld MJ, Driscoll SP, Aslanian A, Lettieri K, Gullo M, Badaloni A, Lewcock JW, Hunter T, Pfaff SL. p190RhoGAP Filters Competing Signals to Resolve Axon Guidance Conflicts. Neuron 2019; 102:602-620.e9. [PMID: 30902550 PMCID: PMC8608148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich functional diversity of the nervous system is founded in the specific connectivity of the underlying neural circuitry. Neurons are often preprogrammed to respond to multiple axon guidance signals because they use sequential guideposts along their pathways, but this necessitates a strict spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular signaling to ensure the cues are detected in the correct order. We performed a mouse mutagenesis screen and identified the Rho GTPase antagonist p190RhoGAP as a critical regulator of motor axon guidance. Rather than acting as a compulsory signal relay, p190RhoGAP uses a non-conventional GAP-independent mode to transiently suppress attraction to Netrin-1 while motor axons exit the spinal cord. Once in the periphery, a subset of axons requires p190RhoGAP-mediated inhibition of Rho signaling to target specific muscles. Thus, the multifunctional activity of p190RhoGAP emerges from its modular design. Our findings reveal a cell-intrinsic gate that filters conflicting signals, establishing temporal windows of signal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bonanomi
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Valenza
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Onanong Chivatakarn
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew J Sternfeld
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen Lettieri
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Miriam Gullo
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph W Lewcock
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Manukyan A, Sargsyan L, Parsons SJ, Stukenberg PT. P190RhoGAP prevents mitotic spindle fragmentation and is required to activate Aurora A kinase at acentriolar poles. Chromosoma 2018; 127:375-386. [PMID: 29656322 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the mitotic spindle is essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Maintenance of spindle poles requires precise regulation of kinesin- and dynein-generated forces, and improper regulation of these forces disrupts pole integrity leading to pole fragmentation. The formation and function of the mitotic spindle are regulated by many proteins, including Aurora A kinase and the motor proteins Kif2a and Eg5. Here, we characterize a surprising role for the RhoA GTPase-activating protein, p190RhoGAP, in regulating the mitotic spindle. We show that cells depleted of p190RhoGAP arrest for long periods in mitosis during which cells go through multiple transitions between having bipolar and multipolar spindles. Most of the p190RhoGAP-depleted cells finally achieve a stable bipolar attachment and proceed through anaphase. The multipolar spindle phenotype can be rescued by low doses of an Eg5 inhibitor. Moreover, we show that p190RhoGAP-depleted multipolar cells localize Aurora A to all the poles, but the kinase is only activated at the two centriolar poles. Overall, our data identify an unappreciated connection between p190RhoGAP and the proteins that control spindle poles including Aurora A kinase and Eg5 that is required to prevent or correct spindle pole fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadi Manukyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lilit Sargsyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah J Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- , Charlottesville, USA.
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22
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Langellotti S, Romano G, Feiguin F, Baralle FE, Romano M. RhoGAPp190: A potential player in tbph-mediated neurodegeneration in Drosophila. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195845. [PMID: 29652933 PMCID: PMC5898758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is an ubiquitous and highly conserved ribonucleoprotein involved in several cellular processes including pre-mRNA splicing, transcription, mRNA stability and transport. Notwithstanding the evidence of TDP-43 involvement in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders (i.e. ALS and FTLD), the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Given the high degree of functional similarity between the human and fly orthologs of TDP-43, Drosophila melanogaster is a simple and useful model to study the pathophysiological role of this protein in vivo. It has been demonstrated that the depletion of the TDP-43 fly ortholog (tbph) induces deficient locomotive behaviors and reduces life span and anatomical defects at the neuromuscular junction. In this study, using the known binding specificity of TDP-43/tbph for (UG) repeated sequences, we performed a bioinformatic screening for fly genes with at least 6 (TG) repeats in a row within the 3'-UTR regions in order to identify the genes that might be regulated by this factor. Among these genes, we were able to identify RhoGAPp190 as a potential target of the tbph-mediated neurodegeneration. RhoGAPp190 is a negative regulator of Drosophila RhoA, a GTPase protein implicated in the fine modulation of critical cellular processes including axon branch stability and motor axon defasciculation at muscle level and cognitive processes. We were able to demonstrate that the RhoGAPp190 expression is upregulated in a tbph-null fly model, providing evidence that this deregulation is associated to tbph silencing. Our results introduce RhoGAPp190 as a novel potential mediator in the complex scenario of events resulting from in vivo tbph loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Langellotti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Romano
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabian Feiguin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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23
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Harboe M, Torvund-Jensen J, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Laursen LS. Ephrin-A1-EphA4 signaling negatively regulates myelination in the central nervous system. Glia 2018; 66:934-950. [PMID: 29350423 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During development of the central nervous system not all axons are myelinated, and axons may have distinct myelination patterns. Furthermore, the number of myelin sheaths formed by each oligodendrocyte is highly variable. However, our current knowledge about the axo-glia communication that regulates the formation of myelin sheaths spatially and temporally is limited. By using axon-mimicking microfibers and a zebrafish model system, we show that axonal ephrin-A1 inhibits myelination. Ephrin-A1 interacts with EphA4 to activate the ephexin1-RhoA-Rock-myosin 2 signaling cascade and causes inhibition of oligodendrocyte process extension. Both in myelinating co-cultures and in zebrafish larvae, activation of EphA4 decreases myelination, whereas myelination is increased by inhibition of EphA4 signaling at different levels of the pathway, or by receptor knockdown. Mechanistically, the enhanced myelination is a result of a higher number of myelin sheaths formed by each oligodendrocyte, not an increased number of mature cells. Thus, we have identified EphA4 and ephrin-A1 as novel negative regulators of myelination. Our data suggest that activation of an EphA4-RhoA pathway in oligodendrocytes by axonal ephrin-A1 inhibits stable axo-glia interaction required for generating a myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Harboe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Julie Torvund-Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kjaer-Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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24
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Hernandez-Fleming M, Rohrbach EW, Bashaw GJ. Sema-1a Reverse Signaling Promotes Midline Crossing in Response to Secreted Semaphorins. Cell Rep 2017; 18:174-184. [PMID: 28052247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Commissural axons must cross the midline to form functional midline circuits. In the invertebrate nerve cord and vertebrate spinal cord, midline crossing is mediated in part by Netrin-dependent chemoattraction. Loss of crossing, however, is incomplete in mutants for Netrin or its receptor Frazzled/DCC, suggesting the existence of additional pathways. We identified the transmembrane Semaphorin, Sema-1a, as an important regulator of midline crossing in the Drosophila CNS. We show that in response to the secreted Semaphorins Sema-2a and Sema-2b, Sema-1a functions as a receptor to promote crossing independently of Netrin. In contrast to other examples of reverse signaling where Sema1a triggers repulsion through activation of Rho in response to Plexin binding, in commissural neurons Sema-1a acts independently of Plexins to inhibit Rho to promote attraction to the midline. These findings suggest that Sema-1a reverse signaling can elicit distinct axonal responses depending on differential engagement of distinct ligands and signaling effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hernandez-Fleming
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ethan W Rohrbach
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Corticosteroid-induced dendrite loss and behavioral deficiencies can be blocked by activation of Abl2/Arg kinase. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:226-234. [PMID: 29107098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressor exposure induces neuronal remodeling in specific brain regions. Given the persistence of stress-related illnesses, key next steps in determining the contributions of neural structure to mental health are to identify cell types that fail to recover from stressor exposure and to identify "trigger points" and molecular underpinnings of stress-related neural degeneration. We evaluated dendrite arbor structure on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons before, during, and following prolonged exposure to one key mediator of the stress response - corticosterone (cortisol in humans). Basal dendrite arbors progressively simplified during a 3-week exposure period, and failed to recover when corticosterone was withdrawn. Corticosterone exposure decreased levels of the dendrite stabilization factor Abl2/Arg nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and phosphorylation of its substrates p190RhoGAP and cortactin within 11days, suggesting that disruption of Arg-mediated signaling may trigger dendrite arbor atrophy and, potentially, behavioral abnormalities resulting from corticosterone exposure. To test this, we administered the novel, bioactive Arg kinase activator, 5-(1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)hydantoin, 5-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2,4-imidazolidinedione (DPH), in conjunction with corticosterone. We found that repeated treatment corrected CA1 arbor structure, otherwise simplified by corticosterone. DPH also corrected corticosterone-induced errors in a hippocampal-dependent reversal learning task and anhedonic-like behavior. Thus, pharmacological compounds that target cytoskeletal regulators, rather than classical neurotransmitter systems, may interfere with stress-associated cognitive decline and mental health concerns.
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26
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Guo W, Cai Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yang G, Wang X, Zhao J, Lin J, Zhu J, Li W, Lv L. Association of ARHGAP18 polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the Chinese-Han population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175209. [PMID: 28384650 PMCID: PMC5383423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous developmental genes have been linked to schizophrenia (SZ) by case-control and genome-wide association studies, suggesting that neurodevelopmental disturbances are major pathogenic mechanisms. However, no neurodevelopmental deficit has been definitively linked to SZ occurrence, likely due to disease heterogeneity and the differential effects of various gene variants across ethnicities. Hence, it is critical to examine linkages in specific ethnic populations, such as Han Chinese. The newly identified RhoGAP ARHGAP18 is likely involved in neurodevelopment through regulation of RhoA/C. Here we describe four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARHGAP18 associated with SZ across a cohort of >2000 cases and controls from the Han population. Two SNPs, rs7758025 and rs9483050, displayed significant differences between case and control groups both in genotype (P = 0.0002 and P = 7.54×10−6) and allelic frequencies (P = 4.36×10−5 and P = 5.98×10−7), respectively. The AG haplotype in rs7758025−rs9385502 was strongly associated with the occurrence of SZ (P = 0.0012, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.93), an association that still held following a 1000-times random permutation test (P = 0.022). In an independently collected validation cohort, rs9483050 was the SNP most strongly associated with SZ. In addition, the allelic frequencies of rs12197901 remained associated with SZ in the combined cohort (P = 0.021), although not in the validation cohort alone (P = 0.251). Collectively, our data suggest the ARHGAP18 may confer vulnerability to SZ in the Chinese Han population, providing additional evidence for the involvement of neurodevelopmental dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Anatomy I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jinfu Zhu
- Institute of Anatomy I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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27
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Kim HJ, Choi HS, Park JH, Kim MJ, Lee HG, Petersen RB, Kim YS, Park JB, Choi EK. Regulation of RhoA activity by the cellular prion protein. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2668. [PMID: 28300846 PMCID: PMC5386549 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that is involved in the signal transduction during the initial phase of neurite outgrowth. The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase that is known to have an essential role in regulating the development, differentiation, survival, and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Although recent studies have shown the dysregulation of RhoA in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, the role of RhoA in prion pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of RhoA-mediated signaling by PrPC using both in vitro and in vivo models and found that overexpression of PrPC significantly induced RhoA inactivation and RhoA phosphorylation in hippocampal neuronal cells and in the brains of transgenic mice. Using siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous PrPC and overexpression of disease-associated mutants of PrPC, we confirmed that PrPC induced RhoA inactivation, which accompanied RhoA phosphorylation but reduced the phosphorylation levels of LIM kinase (LIMK), leading to cofilin activation. In addition, PrPC colocalized with RhoA, and the overexpression of PrPC significantly increased neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells through RhoA inactivation. However, the disease-associated mutants of PrPC decreased neurite outgrowth compared with wild-type PrPC. Moreover, inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) substantially facilitated neurite outgrowth in NGF-treated PC12 cells, similar to the effect induced by PrPC. Interestingly, we found that the induction of RhoA inactivation occurred through the interaction of PrPC with RhoA and that PrPC enhanced the interaction between RhoA and p190RhoGAP (a GTPase-activating protein). These findings suggest that the interactions of PrPC with RhoA and p190RhoGAP contribute to neurite outgrowth by controlling RhoA inactivation and RhoA-mediated signaling and that disease-associated mutations of PrPC impair RhoA inactivation, which in turn leads to prion-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Bob Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Bidaud-Meynard A, Binamé F, Lagrée V, Moreau V. Regulation of Rho GTPase activity at the leading edge of migrating cells by p190RhoGAP. Small GTPases 2017; 10:99-110. [PMID: 28287334 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1280584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, a key feature of embryonic development, immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, is based on the coordinated regulation of actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesion. Rho GTPases play a major role in this phenomenon by regulating the onset and maintenance of actin-based protruding structures at cell leading edges (i.e. lamellipodia and filopodia) and contractile structures (i.e., stress fibers) at their trailing edge. While spatio-temporal analysis demonstrated the tight regulation of Rho GTPases at the migration front during cell locomotion, little is known about how the main regulators of Rho GTPase activity, such as GAPs, GEFs and GDIs, play a role in this process. In this review, we focus on a major negative regulator of RhoA, p190RhoGAP-A and its close isoform p190RhoGAP-B, which are necessary for efficient cell migration. Recent studies, including our, demonstrated that p190RhoGAP-A localization and activity undergo a complex regulatory mechanism, accounting for the tight regulation of RhoA, but also other members of the Rho GTPase family, at the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Fabien Binamé
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
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Huang GH, Sun ZL, Li HJ, Feng DF. Rho GTPase-activating proteins: Regulators of Rho GTPase activity in neuronal development and CNS diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:18-31. [PMID: 28163190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases was considered as molecular switches in regulating multiple cellular events, including cytoskeleton reorganization. The Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are one of the major families of Rho GTPase regulators. RhoGAPs were initially considered negative mediators of Rho signaling pathways via their GAP domain. Recent studies have demonstrated that RhoGAPs also regulate numerous aspects of neuronal development and are related to various neurodegenerative diseases in GAP-dependent and GAP-independent manners. Moreover, RhoGAPs are regulated through various mechanisms, such as phosphorylation. To date, approximately 70 RhoGAPs have been identified; however, only a small portion has been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the characterization of important RhoGAPs in the central nervous system is crucial to understand their spatiotemporal role during different stages of neuronal development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoGAPs in the brain with an emphasis on their molecular function, regulation mechanism and disease implications in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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Astrocyte-to-neuron communication through integrin-engaged Thy-1/CBP/Csk/Src complex triggers neurite retraction via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:243-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Binamé F, Bidaud-Meynard A, Magnan L, Piquet L, Montibus B, Chabadel A, Saltel F, Lagrée V, Moreau V. Cancer-associated mutations in the protrusion-targeting region of p190RhoGAP impact tumor cell migration. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:859-73. [PMID: 27646271 PMCID: PMC5037408 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p190RhoGAP (p190A) is a negative regulator of RhoA and localizes to membrane protrusions, where its GAP activity is required for directional migration. Here, Binamé et al. identify the protrusion-localization sequence in p190A and show that cancer-associated mutations in this region affect p190A localization and function as well as tumor cell migration. Spatiotemporal regulation of RhoGTPases such as RhoA is required at the cell leading edge to achieve cell migration. p190RhoGAP (p190A) is the main negative regulator of RhoA and localizes to membrane protrusions, where its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity is required for directional migration. In this study, we investigated the molecular processes responsible for p190A targeting to actin protrusions. By analyzing the subcellular localization of truncated versions of p190A in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, we identified a novel functional p190A domain: the protrusion localization sequence (PLS) necessary and sufficient for p190A targeting to leading edges. Interestingly, the PLS is also required for the negative regulation of p190A RhoGAP activity. Further, we show that the F-actin binding protein cortactin binds the PLS and is required for p190A targeting to protrusions. Lastly, we demonstrate that cancer-associated mutations in PLS affect p190A localization and function, as well as tumor cell migration. Altogether, our data unveil a new mechanism of regulation of p190A in migrating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Binamé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Magnan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Léo Piquet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bertille Montibus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Chabadel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 441, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Saltel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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A Point Mutation in p190A RhoGAP Affects Ciliogenesis and Leads to Glomerulocystic Kidney Defects. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005785. [PMID: 26859289 PMCID: PMC4747337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases act as molecular switches regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Attenuation of their signaling capacity is provided by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), including p190A, that promote the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho proteins. In the current study we have performed a small-scale ENU mutagenesis screen and identified a novel loss of function allele of the p190A gene Arhgap35, which introduces a Leu1396 to Gln substitution in the GAP domain. This results in decreased GAP activity for the prototypical Rho-family members, RhoA and Rac1, likely due to disrupted ordering of the Rho binding surface. Consequently, Arhgap35-deficient animals exhibit hypoplastic and glomerulocystic kidneys. Investigation into the cystic phenotype shows that p190A is required for appropriate primary cilium formation in renal nephrons. P190A specifically localizes to the base of the cilia to permit axoneme elongation, which requires a functional GAP domain. Pharmacological manipulations further reveal that inhibition of either Rho kinase (ROCK) or F-actin polymerization is able to rescue the ciliogenesis defects observed upon loss of p190A activity. We propose a model in which p190A acts as a modulator of Rho GTPases in a localized area around the cilia to permit the dynamic actin rearrangement required for cilia elongation. Together, our results establish an unexpected link between Rho GTPase regulation, ciliogenesis and glomerulocystic kidney disease.
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Turney SG, Ahmed M, Chandrasekar I, Wysolmerski RB, Goeckeler ZM, Rioux RM, Whitesides GM, Bridgman PC. Nerve growth factor stimulates axon outgrowth through negative regulation of growth cone actomyosin restraint of microtubule advance. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:500-17. [PMID: 26631553 PMCID: PMC4751601 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes growth, differentiation, and survival of sensory neurons in the mammalian nervous system. Little is known about how NGF elicits faster axon outgrowth or how growth cones integrate and transform signal input to motor output. Using cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, we found that myosin II (MII) is required for NGF to stimulate faster axon outgrowth. From experiments inducing loss or gain of function of MII, specific MII isoforms, and vinculin-dependent adhesion-cytoskeletal coupling, we determined that NGF causes decreased vinculin-dependent actomyosin restraint of microtubule advance. Inhibition of MII blocked NGF stimulation, indicating the central role of restraint in directed outgrowth. The restraint consists of myosin IIB- and IIA-dependent processes: retrograde actin network flow and transverse actin bundling, respectively. The processes differentially contribute on laminin-1 and fibronectin due to selective actin tethering to adhesions. On laminin-1, NGF induced greater vinculin-dependent adhesion-cytoskeletal coupling, which slowed retrograde actin network flow (i.e., it regulated the molecular clutch). On fibronectin, NGF caused inactivation of myosin IIA, which negatively regulated actin bundling. On both substrates, the result was the same: NGF-induced weakening of MII-dependent restraint led to dynamic microtubules entering the actin-rich periphery more frequently, giving rise to faster elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Turney
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Indra Chandrasekar
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Robert B Wysolmerski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Zoe M Goeckeler
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Paul C Bridgman
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Concise review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP regulates a switch between cardiomyogenic and endothelial lineages in adult cardiac progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1999-2007. [PMID: 24710857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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35
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He Y, Ren Y, Wu B, Decourt B, Lee AC, Taylor A, Suter DM. Src and cortactin promote lamellipodia protrusion and filopodia formation and stability in growth cones. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224308 PMCID: PMC4569314 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How Src tyrosine kinase and cortactin control actin organization and dynamics in neuronal growth cones is not well understood. Using multiple high-resolution imaging techniques, this study shows that Src and cortactin control the persistence of lamellipodial protrusion as well as the formation, stability, and elongation of filopodia in growth cones. Src tyrosine kinases have been implicated in axonal growth and guidance; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Specifically, it is unclear which aspects of actin organization and dynamics are regulated by Src in neuronal growth cones. Here, we investigated the function of Src2 and one of its substrates, cortactin, in lamellipodia and filopodia of Aplysia growth cones. We found that up-regulation of Src2 activation state or cortactin increased lamellipodial length, protrusion time, and actin network density, whereas down-regulation had opposite effects. Furthermore, Src2 or cortactin up-regulation increased filopodial density, length, and protrusion time, whereas down-regulation promoted lateral movements of filopodia. Fluorescent speckle microscopy revealed that rates of actin assembly and retrograde flow were not affected in either case. In summary, our results support a model in which Src and cortactin regulate growth cone motility by increasing actin network density and protrusion persistence of lamellipodia by controlling the state of actin-driven protrusion versus retraction. In addition, both proteins promote the formation and stability of actin bundles in filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpei He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Aih Cheun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Aaron Taylor
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 )
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Abstract
The morphology and the connectivity of neuronal structures formed during early development must be actively maintained as the brain matures. Although impaired axon stability is associated with the progression of various neurological diseases, relatively little is known about the factors controlling this process. We identified Brain tumor (Brat), a conserved member of the TRIM-NHL family of proteins, as a new regulator of axon maintenance in Drosophila CNS. Brat function is dispensable for the initial growth of Mushroom Body axons, but is required for the stabilization of axon bundles. We found that Brat represses the translation of src64B, an upstream regulator of a conserved Rho-dependent pathway previously shown to promote axon retraction. Furthermore, brat phenotypes are phenocopied by src64B overexpression, and partially suppressed by reducing the levels of src64B or components of the Rho pathway, suggesting that brat promotes axon maintenance by downregulating the levels of Src64B. Finally, Brat regulates brain connectivity via its NHL domain, but independently of its previously described partners Nanos, Pumilio, and d4EHP. Thus, our results uncover a novel post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that controls the maintenance of neuronal architecture by tuning the levels of a conserved rho-dependent signaling pathway.
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Dystrophin induced cognitive impairment: mechanisms, models and therapeutic strategies. Ann Neurosci 2015; 22:108-18. [PMID: 26130916 PMCID: PMC4480258 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.221210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existence of conserved domains in dystrophin and its associated complexes provide an opportunity to understand the role of dystrophin associated signalling and its association with neuronal metabolism in a variety of model organisms. We critically reviewed the studies till 2013 through established search engines and databases. Thus, we review the role of dystrophin and its isoforms in different animal models at developmental stages in the neuronal metabolism to enhance the therapeutic strategies. Dystrophin interacts with other proteins in such a way that, when affected, it results in co-morbidities including autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders. It is speculated that various signalling molecules may converge to disrupt neuronal metabolism not adequately studied. TGF-β, RhoGAP and CAM mediated signalling molecules are the chief cause of mortalities due to respiratory and cardiac involvement but remain underevaluated targets for cognitive impairment in DMD/BMD. Manipulation of these signalling pathways could be potent intervention in dystrophin induced cognitive impairment while complementary therapeutic approaches may also be helpful in the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with DMD/BMD.
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Knox R, Jiang X. Fyn in Neurodevelopment and Ischemic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:311-20. [PMID: 25720756 DOI: 10.1159/000369995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFKs) are nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases that are implicated in many normal and pathological processes in the nervous system. The SFKs Fyn, Src, Yes, Lyn, and Lck are expressed in the brain. This review will focus on Fyn, as Fyn mutant mice have striking phenotypes in the brain and Fyn has been shown to be involved in ischemic brain injury in adult rodents and, with our work, in neonatal animals. An understanding of Fyn's role in neurodevelopment and disease will allow researchers to target pathological pathways while preserving protective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatta Knox
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, N.Y., USA
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Azzarelli R, Kerloch T, Pacary E. Regulation of cerebral cortex development by Rho GTPases: insights from in vivo studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:445. [PMID: 25610373 PMCID: PMC4285737 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is the site of higher human cognitive and motor functions. Histologically, it is organized into six horizontal layers, each containing unique populations of molecularly and functionally distinct excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons. The stereotyped cellular distribution of cortical neurons is crucial for the formation of functional neural circuits and it is predominantly established during embryonic development. Cortical neuron development is a multiphasic process characterized by sequential steps of neural progenitor proliferation, cell cycle exit, neuroblast migration and neuronal differentiation. This series of events requires an extensive and dynamic remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton at each step of the process. As major regulators of the cytoskeleton, the family of small Rho GTPases has been shown to play essential functions in cerebral cortex development. Here we review in vivo findings that support the contribution of Rho GTPases to cortical projection neuron development and we address their involvement in the etiology of cerebral cortex malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Kerloch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U862, Neurocentre Magendie Bordeaux, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U862, Neurocentre Magendie Bordeaux, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
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40
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DePoy LM, Perszyk RE, Zimmermann KS, Koleske AJ, Gourley SL. Adolescent cocaine exposure simplifies orbitofrontal cortical dendritic arbors. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:228. [PMID: 25452728 PMCID: PMC4233985 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine remodel dendritic spines within discrete cortico-limbic brain structures including the orbitofrontal cortex (oPFC). Whether dendrite structure is similarly affected, and whether pre-existing cellular characteristics influence behavioral vulnerabilities to drugs of abuse, remain unclear. Animal models provide an ideal venue to address these issues because neurobehavioral phenotypes can be defined both before, and following, drug exposure. We exposed mice to cocaine from postnatal days 31–35, corresponding to early adolescence, using a dosing protocol that causes impairments in an instrumental reversal task in adulthood. We then imaged and reconstructed excitatory neurons in deep-layer oPFC. Prior cocaine exposure shortened and simplified arbors, particularly in the basal region. Next, we imaged and reconstructed orbital neurons in a developmental-genetic model of cocaine vulnerability—the p190rhogap+/– mouse. p190RhoGAP is an actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein that stabilizes dendrites and dendritic spines, and p190rhogap+/– mice develop rapid and robust locomotor activation in response to cocaine. Despite this, oPFC dendritic arbors were intact in drug-naïve p190rhogap+/– mice. Together, these findings provide evidence that adolescent cocaine exposure has long-term effects on dendrite structure in the oPFC, and they suggest that cocaine-induced modifications in dendrite structure may contribute to the behavioral effects of cocaine more so than pre-existing structural abnormalities in this cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M DePoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey S Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA ; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA ; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
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41
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De Filippis B, Romano E, Laviola G. Aberrant Rho GTPases signaling and cognitive dysfunction: in vivo evidence for a compelling molecular relationship. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:285-301. [PMID: 24971827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key intracellular signaling molecules that coordinate dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, thereby stimulating a variety of processes, including morphogenesis, migration, neuronal development, cell division and adhesion. Deviations from normal Rho GTPases activation state have been proposed to disrupt cognition and synaptic plasticity. This review focuses on the functional consequences of genetic ablation of upstream and downstream Rho GTPases molecules on cognitive function and neuronal morphology and connectivity. Available information on this issue is described and compared to that gained from mice carrying mutations in the most studied Rho GTPases and from pharmacological in vivo studies in which brain Rho GTPases signaling was modulated. Results from reviewed literature provide definitive evidence of a compelling link between Rho GTPases signaling and cognitive function, thus supporting the notion that Rho GTPases and their downstream effectors may represent important therapeutic targets for disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca De Filippis
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emilia Romano
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy; Bambino Gesù, Children Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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42
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Lamprecht R. The actin cytoskeleton in memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 117:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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43
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p140Cap regulates memory and synaptic plasticity through Src-mediated and citron-N-mediated actin reorganization. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1542-53. [PMID: 24453341 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2341-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the neuroscience field is the identification of molecules and pathways that control synaptic plasticity and memory. Dendritic spines play a pivotal role in these processes, as the major sites of excitatory synapses in neuronal communication. Previous studies have shown that the scaffold protein p140Cap localizes into dendritic spines and that its knockdown negatively modulates spine shape in culture. However, so far, there is no information on its in vivo relevance. By using a knock-out mouse model, we here demonstrate that p140Cap is a key element for both learning and synaptic plasticity. Indeed, p140Cap(-/-) mice are impaired in object recognition test, as well as in LTP and in LTD measurements. The in vivo effects of p140Cap loss are presumably attenuated by noncell-autonomous events, since primary neurons obtained from p140Cap(-/-) mice show a strong reduction in number of mushroom spines and abnormal organization of synapse-associated F-actin. These phenotypes are most likely caused by a local reduction of the inhibitory control of RhoA and of cortactin toward the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. These events can be controlled by p140Cap through its capability to directly inhibit the activation of Src kinase and by its binding to the scaffold protein Citron-N. Altogether, our results provide new insight into how protein associated with dynamic microtubules may regulate spine actin organization through interaction with postsynaptic density components.
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44
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Zhou X, Zheng Y. Cell type-specific signaling function of RhoA GTPase: lessons from mouse gene targeting. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36179-88. [PMID: 24202176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.515486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoA GTPase is a key intracellular regulator of actomyosin dynamics and other cell functions, including adhesion, proliferation, survival, and gene expression. Most of our knowledge of RhoA signaling function is from studies in immortalized cell lines utilizing inhibitors or dominant mutant overexpression, both of which are limited in terms of specificity, dosage, and clonal variation. Recent mouse gene targeting studies of rhoA and its regulators/effectors have revealed cell type-specific signaling mechanisms in the context of mammalian physiology. The new knowledge may present therapeutic opportunities for the rational targeting of RhoA signaling-mediated pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- From the Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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45
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Jeong S, Juhaszova K, Kolodkin AL. The Control of semaphorin-1a-mediated reverse signaling by opposing pebble and RhoGAPp190 functions in drosophila. Neuron 2013. [PMID: 23177958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane semaphorins (Semas) serve evolutionarily conserved guidance roles, and some function as both ligands and receptors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transduction of these signals to the cytoskeleton remain largely unknown. We have identified two direct regulators of Rho family small GTPases, pebble (a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor [GEF]) and RhoGAPp190 (a GTPase activating protein [GAP]), that show robust interactions with the cytoplasmic domain of the Drosophila Sema-1a protein. Neuronal pebble and RhoGAPp190 are required to control motor axon defasciculation at specific pathway choice points and also for target recognition during Drosophila neuromuscular development. Sema-1a-mediated motor axon defasciculation is promoted by pebble and inhibited by RhoGAPp190. Genetic analyses show that opposing pebble and RhoGAPp190 functions mediate Sema-1a reverse signaling through the regulation of Rho1 activity. Therefore, pebble and RhoGAPp190 transduce transmembrane semaphorin-mediated guidance cue information that regulates the establishment of neuronal connectivity during Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Jeong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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46
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LMX1B is part of a transcriptional complex with PSPC1 and PSF. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53122. [PMID: 23308148 PMCID: PMC3537735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1b is essential for the development of the isthmic organizer and mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. The uncoupling of Pitx3 and Th expression, in the Lmx1b null mutant, suggests that Lmx1b may act as a positional activator of the mdDA domain, eventually leading to properly differentiating mdDA neurons. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how Lmx1b functions mechanistically in this developmental process, by searching for molecular interactors of Lmx1b at the protein level. Initially, affinity-purification of LMX1B-HIS overexpressed protein in MN9D dopaminergic cells followed by mass-spectrometry analysis, resulted in the identification of PSPC1 protein as a possible binding partner of LMX1B. Subsequent immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between LMX1B and PSPC1 in a larger protein complex also containing PSF. This complex was observed in vitro and in vivo, and we hypothesize that, via PSF and PSPC1, LMX1B may be part of the previously identified Nurr1 transcriptional complex wherein interaction with the co-repressor PSF and the transcription factor Pitx3 is needed to drive expression of Nurr1 target genes in specifying the dopaminergic phenotype. Furthermore, we identified GRLF1, DHX9, MYO1C, HSP70 and TMPO as potential LMX1B interactors. DHX9 and GRLF1 are highly expressed in the developing mdDA neuronal field, and GRLF1 and MYO1C have both been linked to neurite outgrowth. The identification of these proteins suggests that Lmx1b may act directly in the transcriptional activation of Nurr1 target genes and be involved in other processes like neurite outgrowth as well.
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47
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Shen Y, Meiri K. GAP-43 dependency defines distinct effects of netrin-1 on cortical and spinal neurite outgrowth and directional guidance. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 31:11-20. [PMID: 23085079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a major nervous system protein whose phosphorylation by protein kinase C regulates growth cone responses to extracellular guidance cues via F-actin. GAP-43 is essential for axon pathfinding in both cortical afferents and efferents: when it is genetically deleted, somatosensory, auditory and visual somatotopic maps fail to form, and telencephalic commissural axons fail to cross the midline. Here we investigated whether the midline guidance cue netrin-1 depends on GAP-43 for its functions in neurite growth and guidance. We used 3-dimensional collagen gel co-cultures to show that both endogenous netrin-1, expressed by the spinal cord floor plate, and recombinant netrin-1, expressed by transfected COS7 cells, stimulate neurite outgrowth and chemotropic guidance of neocortical callosal axons. In contrast both were significantly inhibited in GAP-43 (-/-) neocortical callosal axons, mimicking the in vivo phenotype. Conversely, neither netrin-1-stimulated neurite outgrowth nor guidance of dorsal spinal cord commissure axons were affected when GAP-43 was absent, again consistent with in vivo phenotype but suggesting fundamental differences in how neocortical and spinal cord axons respond to netrin-1. In addition, differences in GAP-43 dependency also distinguished how ventrolateral cortical efferents respond to netrin-1: in contrast to callosal neurites, in which netrin-1 required GAP-43 in order to stimulate both outgrowth and guidance, in ventrolateral efferents, netrin-1 required GAP-43 only to stimulate outgrowth, but not guidance. Moreover, netrin-1 increased the numbers of both types of cortical, but not spinal neurites. The results demonstrate previously unappreciated diversity in how different classes of neurons respond to the same guidance cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Shen
- Programs in Cell and Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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48
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Liu X, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Gao X, Su Z, He C. Slit2 regulates the dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Fyn/RhoA signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17503-17516. [PMID: 22433866 PMCID: PMC3366791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.317610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a unique type of glia that are responsible for the myelination of the central nervous system. OPC migration is important for myelin formation during central nervous system development and repair. However, the precise extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that regulate OPC migration remain elusive. Slits were reported to regulate neurodevelopmental processes such as migration, adhesion, axon guidance, and elongation through binding to roundabout receptors (Robos). However, the potential roles of Slits/Robos in oligodendrocytes remain unknown. In this study, Slit2 was found to be involved in regulating the dispersal of OPCs through the association between Robo1 and Fyn. Initially, we examined the expression of Robos in OPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the Boyden chamber assay showed that Slit2 could inhibit OPC migration. RoboN, a specific inhibitor of Robos, could significantly attenuate this effect. The effects were confirmed through the explant migration assay. Furthermore, treating OPCs with Slit2 protein deactivated Fyn and increased the level of activated RhoA-GTP. Finally, Fyn was found to form complexes with Robo1, but this association was decreased after Slit2 stimulation. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that Slit2 regulates the dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through Fyn and RhoA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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49
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Arg kinase regulates prefrontal dendritic spine refinement and cocaine-induced plasticity. J Neurosci 2012; 32:2314-23. [PMID: 22396406 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2730-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by vulnerability to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including drug addiction, as well as prefrontal cortical refinement that culminates in structural stability in adulthood. Neuronal refinement and stabilization are hypothesized to confer resilience to poor decision making and addictive-like behaviors, although intracellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We characterized layer V prefrontal dendritic spine development and refinement in adolescent wild-type mice and mice lacking the cytoskeletal regulatory protein Abl-related gene (Arg) kinase. Relative to hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which exhibited a nearly linear increase in spine density up to postnatal day 60 (P60), wild-type prefrontal spine density peaked at P31, and then declined by 18% by P56-P60. In contrast, dendritic spines in mice lacking Arg destabilized by P31, leading to a net loss in both structures. Destabilization corresponded temporally to the emergence of exaggerated psychomotor sensitivity to cocaine. Moreover, cocaine reduced dendritic spine density in wild-type orbitofrontal cortex and enlarged remaining spine heads, but arg(-/-) spines were unresponsive. Local application of Arg or actin polymerization inhibitors exaggerated cocaine sensitization, as did reduced gene dosage of the Arg substrate, p190RhoGAP. Genetic and pharmacological Arg inhibition also retarded instrumental reversal learning and potentiated responding for reward-related cues, providing evidence that Arg regulates both psychomotor sensitization and decision-making processes implicated in addiction. These findings also indicate that structural refinement in the adolescent orbitofrontal cortex mitigates psychostimulant sensitivity and support the emerging perspective that the structural response to cocaine may, at any age, have behaviorally protective consequences.
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50
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Herrera-Molina R, Frischknecht R, Maldonado H, Seidenbecher CI, Gundelfinger ED, Hetz C, Aylwin MDLL, Schneider P, Quest AFG, Leyton L. Astrocytic αVβ3 integrin inhibits neurite outgrowth and promotes retraction of neuronal processes by clustering Thy-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34295. [PMID: 22479590 PMCID: PMC3316703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is a membrane glycoprotein suggested to stabilize or inhibit growth of neuronal processes. However, its precise function has remained obscure, because its endogenous ligand is unknown. We previously showed that Thy-1 binds directly to α(V)β(3) integrin in trans eliciting responses in astrocytes. Nonetheless, whether α(V)β(3) integrin might also serve as a Thy-1-ligand triggering a neuronal response has not been explored. Thus, utilizing primary neurons and a neuron-derived cell line CAD, Thy-1-mediated effects of α(V)β(3) integrin on growth and retraction of neuronal processes were tested. In astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, endogenous α(V)β(3) integrin restricted neurite outgrowth. Likewise, α(V)β(3)-Fc was sufficient to suppress neurite extension in Thy-1(+), but not in Thy-1(-) CAD cells. In differentiating primary neurons exposed to α(V)β(3)-Fc, fewer and shorter dendrites were detected. This effect was abolished by cleavage of Thy-1 from the neuronal surface using phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Moreover, α(V)β(3)-Fc also induced retraction of already extended Thy-1(+)-axon-like neurites in differentiated CAD cells as well as of axonal terminals in differentiated primary neurons. Axonal retraction occurred when redistribution and clustering of Thy-1 molecules in the plasma membrane was induced by α(V)β(3) integrin. Binding of α(V)β(3)-Fc was detected in Thy-1 clusters during axon retraction of primary neurons. Moreover, α(V)β(3)-Fc-induced Thy-1 clustering correlated in time and space with redistribution and inactivation of Src kinase. Thus, our data indicates that α(V)β(3) integrin is a ligand for Thy-1 that upon binding not only restricts the growth of neurites, but also induces retraction of already existing processes by inducing Thy-1 clustering. We propose that these events participate in bi-directional astrocyte-neuron communication relevant to axonal repair after neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Horacio Maldonado
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanze I. Seidenbecher
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D. Gundelfinger
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María de la Luz Aylwin
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Neurociencias Integradas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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