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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Christodoulakis J. The lesson learned from the unprecedented ozone hole in the Arctic in 2020; A novel nowcasting tool for such extreme events. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2020; 207:105330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Witte JC, Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Vömel H, Posny F, Stübi R. First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) Profile Records: 3. Uncertainty in Ozone Profile and Total Column. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:3243-3268. [PMID: 33154879 PMCID: PMC7641110 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessed ozonesonde data from eight SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) sites have been used to derive the first analysis of uncertainty estimates for both profile and total column ozone (TCO). The ozone uncertainty is a composite of the uncertainties of the individual terms in the ozone partial pressure (PO3) equation, those being the ozone sensor current, background current, internal pump temperature, pump efficiency factors, conversion efficiency, and flow-rate. Overall, PO3 uncertainties (ΔPO3) are within 15% and peak around the tropopause (15±3km) where ozone is a minimum and ΔPO3 approaches the measured signal. The uncertainty in the background and sensor currents dominate the overall ΔPO3 in the troposphere including the tropopause region, while the uncertainties in the conversion efficiency and flow-rate dominate in the stratosphere. Seasonally, ΔPO3 is generally a maximum in the March-May, with the exception of SHADOZ sites in Asia, for which the highest ΔPO3 occurs in September-February. As a first approach, we calculate sonde TCO uncertainty (ΔTCO) by integrating the profile ΔPO3 and adding the ozone residual uncertainty, derived from the McPeters and Labow [2012] 1-σ ozone mixing ratios. Overall, ΔTCO are within ±15 DU, representing ~5-6% of the TCO. TOMS and OMI satellite overpasses are generally within the sonde ΔTCO. However, there is a discontinuity between TOMS v8.6 (1998-2004/09) and OMI (2004/10-2016) TCO on the order of 10DU that accounts for the significant 16DU overall difference observed between sonde and TOMS. By comparison, the sonde-OMI absolute difference for the eight stations is only ~4DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Witte
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Herman G J Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo-France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rene Stübi
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
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Varotsos CA, Cracknell AP, Tzanis C. The exceptional ozone depletion over the Arctic in January–March 2011. REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2012; 3:343-352. [DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2011.597792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Terao Y, Sugita T, Sasano Y. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic winter stratosphere during 1994-2000 derived from POAM II/III and ILAS observations: Implications for relationships among ozone loss, PSC occurrence, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manney GL, Santee ML, Rex M, Livesey NJ, Pitts MC, Veefkind P, Nash ER, Wohltmann I, Lehmann R, Froidevaux L, Poole LR, Schoeberl MR, Haffner DP, Davies J, Dorokhov V, Gernandt H, Johnson B, Kivi R, Kyrö E, Larsen N, Levelt PF, Makshtas A, McElroy CT, Nakajima H, Parrondo MC, Tarasick DW, von der Gathen P, Walker KA, Zinoviev NS. Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011. Nature 2011; 478:469-75. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh SP, Klisch M, Sinha RP, Häder DP. Effects of Abiotic Stressors on Synthesis of the Mycosporine-like Amino Acid Shinorine in the CyanobacteriumAnabaena variabilisPCC 7937. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1500-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Boccara G, Hertzog A, Basdevant C, Vial F. Accuracy of NCEP/NCAR reanalyses and ECMWF analyses in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica in 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tripathi OP, Godin-Beekmann S, Lefèvre F, Pazmiño A, Hauchecorne A, Chipperfield M, Feng W, Millard G, Rex M, Streibel M, von der Gathen P. Comparison of polar ozone loss rates simulated by one-dimensional and three-dimensional models with Match observations in recent Antarctic and Arctic winters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kivi R, Kyrö E, Turunen T, Harris NRP, von der Gathen P, Rex M, Andersen SB, Wohltmann I. Ozonesonde observations in the Arctic during 1989–2003: Ozone variability and trends in the lower stratosphere and free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lemmen C, Müller R, Konopka P, Dameris M. Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roleda MY, Hanelt D, Wiencke C. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation delays photosynthetic recovery in Arctic kelp zoospores. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 88:311-22. [PMID: 16758269 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal reproduction in some Arctic Laminariales coincides with increased UV-B radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion and relatively high water temperatures during polar spring. To find out the capacity to cope with different spectral irradiance, the kinetics of photosynthetic recovery was investigated in zoospores of four Arctic species of the order Laminariales, the kelps Saccorhiza dermatodea, Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, and Laminaria saccharina. The physiology of light harvesting, changes in photosynthetic efficiency and kinetics of photosynthetic recovery were measured by in vivo fluorescence changes of Photosystem II (PSII). Saturation irradiance of freshly released spores showed minimal I ( k ) values (photon fluence rate where initial slope intersects horizontal asymptote of the curve) values ranging from 13 to 18 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) among species collected at different depths, confirming that spores are low-light adapted. Exposure to different radiation spectra consisting of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400-700 nm), PAR+UV-A radiation (UV-A; 320-400 nm), and PAR+ UV-A+UV-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320 nm) showed that the cumulative effects of increasing PAR fluence and the additional effect of UV-A and UV-B radiations on photoinhibition of photosynthesis are species specific. After long exposures, Laminaria saccharina was more sensitive to the different light treatments than the other three species investigated. Kinetics of recovery in zoospores showed a fast phase in S. dermatodea, which indicates a reduction of the photoprotective process while a slow phase in L. saccharina indicates recovery from severe photodamage. This first attempt to study photoinhibition and kinetics of recovery in zoospores showed that zoospores are the stage in the life history of seaweeds most susceptible to light stress and that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effectively delays photosynthetic recovery. The viability of spores is important on the recruitment of the gametophytic and sporophytic life stages. The impact of UVR on the zoospores is related to the vertical depth distribution of the large sporophytes in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Roleda
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Marine Station, Postfach 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany.
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Karpetchko A, Kyrö E, Knudsen BM. Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices 1957–2002 as seen from the ERA-40 reanalyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoppel K. A measurement/model comparison of ozone photochemical loss in the Antarctic ozone hole using Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement observations and the Match technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Varotsos C. Atmospheric pollution and remote sensing: implications for the southern hemisphere ozone hole split in 2002 and the northern mid-latitude ozone trend. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2004; 33:249-253. [DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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15
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Proffitt MH, Aikin K, Tuck AF, Margitan JJ, Webster CR, Toon GC, Elkins JW. Seasonally averaged ozone and nitrous oxide in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Proffitt
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Aikin
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. F. Tuck
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. J. Margitan
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Elkins
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
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Rivière ED. A Lagrangian method to study stratospheric nitric acid variations in the polar regions as measured by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tilmes S. Calculation of chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1996–1997 using ozone-tracer correlations: Comparison of Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Millard GA, Lee AM, Pyle JA. A model study of the connection between polar and midlatitude ozone loss in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Millard
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - A. M. Lee
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. A. Pyle
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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Danilin MY, Ko MKW, Bevilacqua RM, Lyjak LV, Froidevaux L, Santee ML, Zawodny JM, Hoppel KW, Richard EC, Spackman JR, Weinstock EM, Herman RL, McKinney KA, Wennberg PO, Eisele FL, Stimpfle RM, Scott CJ, Elkins JW, Bui TV. Comparison of ER-2 aircraft and POAM III, MLS, and SAGE II satellite measurements during SOLVE using traditional correlative analysis and trajectory hunting technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Danilin
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | - M. K. W. Ko
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | | | - L. V. Lyjak
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. L. Herman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - K. A. McKinney
- California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - F. L. Eisele
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - C. J. Scott
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | | | - T. V. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Terao Y, Sasano Y, Nakajima H, Tanaka HL, Yasunari T. Stratospheric ozone loss in the 1996/1997 Arctic winter: Evaluation based on multiple trajectory analysis for double‐sounded air parcels by ILAS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Terao
- Institute of Geoscience University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sasano
- National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. L. Tanaka
- Institute of Geoscience University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Yasunari
- Institute of Geoscience University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
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Klisch M, Häder DP. Wavelength dependence of mycosporine-like amino acid synthesis in Gyrodinium dorsum. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2002; 66:60-6. [PMID: 11849984 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis or accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) is an important UV tolerance mechanism in aquatic organisms. To investigate the wavelength dependence of MAA synthesis in the marine dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum, the organism was exposed to polychromatic radiation (PAR and UV) from a solar simulator for up to 72 h. Different irradiance spectra were produced by inserting various cut-off filters between lamp and samples. A polychromatic action spectrum for the synthesis of MAA synthesis was constructed. PAR and long wavelength UV-A radiation showed almost no effect while the most effective wavelength range was around 310 nm. Shorter wavelengths where less effective in the induction of MAA synthesis. Wavelengths below 300 nm damaged the organisms severely as indicated by a decrease in chlorophyll a absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klisch
- Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Varotsos C. The southern hemisphere ozone hole split in 2002. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2002; 9:375-376. [PMID: 12515343 DOI: 10.1007/bf02987584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important aspects of the atmospheric pollution problem are the anthropogenic impacts on the stratospheric ozone layer, the related trends of the total ozone content drop and the solar ultraviolet radiation enhancement at the Earth's surface level. During September 2002, the ozone hole over the Antarctic was much smaller than in the previous six years. It has split into two separate holes, due to the appearance of sudden stratospheric warming that has never been observed before in the southern hemisphere. The analysis of this unprecedented event is attempted, regarding both the meteorological and photochemical aspects, in terms of the unusual thermal field patterns and the induced polar vortex disturbances.
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Danilin MY. Trajectory hunting as an effective technique to validate multiplatform measurements: Analysis of the MLS, HALOE, SAGE-II, ILAS, and POAM-II data in October–November 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Harris NRP. Comparison of empirically derived ozone losses in the Arctic vortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schoeberl MR. An assessment of the ozone loss during the 1999–2000 SOLVE/THESEO 2000 Arctic campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schulz A, Rex M, Harris NRP, Braathen GO, Reimer E, Alfier R, Kilbane-Dawe I, Eckermann S, Allaart M, Alpers M, Bojkov B, Cisneros J, Claude H, Cuevas E, Davies J, De Backer H, Dier H, Dorokhov V, Fast H, Godin S, Johnson B, Kois B, Kondo Y, Kosmidis E, Kyrö E, Litynska Z, Mikkelsen IS, Molyneux MJ, Murphy G, Nagai T, Nakane H, O'Connor F, Parrondo C, Schmidlin FJ, Skrivankova P, Varotsos C, Vialle C, Viatte P, Yushkov V, Zerefos C, von der Gathen P. Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu J, Dessler AE. Comparisons between measurements and models of Antarctic ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guirlet M, Chipperfield MP, Pyle JA, Goutail F, Pommereau JP, Kyrö E. Modeled Arctic ozone depletion in winter 1997/1998 and comparison with previous winters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kyrö E, Kivi R, Turunen T, Aulamo H, Rudakov VV, Khattatov V, MacKenzie AR, Chipperfield MP, Lee AM, Stefanutti L, Ravegnani F. Ozone measurements during the Airborne Polar Experiment: Aircraft instrument validation, isentropic trends, and hemispheric fields prior to the 1997 Arctic ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Becker G, Müller R, McKenna DS, Rex M, Carslaw KS, Oelhaf H. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic stratosphere in the winter 1994/1995: Model simulations underestimate results of the Match analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ziemke JR, Chandra S, Herman J, Varotsos C. Erythemally weighted UV trends over northern latitudes derived from Nimbus 7 TOMS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Danilin MY, Santee ML, Rodriguez JM, Ko MKW, Mergenthaler JM, Kumer JB, Tabazadeh A, Livesey NJ. Trajectory hunting: A case study of rapid chlorine activation in December 1992 as seen by UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schulz A, Rex M, Steger J, Harris NRP, Braathen GO, Reimer E, Alfier R, Beck A, Alpers M, Cisneros J, Claude H, De Backer H, Dier H, Dorokhov V, Fast H, Godin S, Hansen G, Kanzawa H, Kois B, Kondo Y, Kosmidis E, Kyrö E, Litynska Z, Molyneux MJ, Murphy G, Nakane H, Parrondo C, Ravegnani F, Varotsos C, Vialle C, Viatte P, Yushkov V, Zerefos C, von der Gathen P. Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2000; 27:205-208. [DOI: 10.1029/1999gl010811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Woyke T, Müller R, Stroh F, McKenna DS, Engel A, Margitan JJ, Rex M, Carslaw KS. A test of our understanding of the ozone chemistry in the Arctic polar vortex based on in situ measurements of ClO, BrO, and O3in the 1994/1995 winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Hansen G, Chipperfield MP. Ozone depletion at the edge of the Arctic polar vortex 1996/1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Ultraviolet-absorbing/screening substances in cyanobacteria, phytoplankton and macroalgae. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Davidson
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania.
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39
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Grewe V, Dameris M, Sausen R, Steil B. Impact of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry on northern hemisphere midlatitude ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deniel C, Bevilacqua RM, Pommereau JP, Lefèvre F. Arctic chemical ozone depletion during the 1994-1995 winter deduced from POAM II satellite observations and the REPROBUS three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Aráoz R, Shelton M, Lebert M, Häder DP. Differential behaviour of two cyanobacterium species to UV radiation. Artificial UV radiation induces phycoerythrin synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1998; 44:175-83. [PMID: 9800379 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)80002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Altitude is an important factor contributing to the local UV-B climate. In the European Alps solar UV-B increases approximately 21% 1000 m-1. A Nostoc muscorum (UTEX 389) originating from Scotland and a Nostoc sp. isolated from a highland lake (Yanaqocha) located 3980 m above sea level (Cusco, Perú) have been used in a study where the tolerance to UV radiation (UVR) stress of both species was determined. Following irradiation doses of 15 kJ UV (UV-A plus UV-B, equivalent to approximately 6 h exposure to unfiltered solar light at noon for a standard midlatitude region with normal ozone concentration), the viability of Nostoc sp. is 30% compared to 3% for Nostoc muscorum. UV-B induces the reduction of the number of phycobilisomes per cell, phycobilisome disassembly and/or degradation as well as phycobilisome uncoupling. Following UV exposure, phycoerythrin (PE) fluorescence emission increases dramatically in both species, indicating accumulation of PE in the phycobilisome rods. The detected increase in PE due to UVR is confirmed using a monoclonal antibody anti-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aráoz
- Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Germany
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Rex M, von der Gathen P, Harris NRP, Lucic D, Knudsen BM, Braathen GO, Reid SJ, De Backer H, Claude H, Fabian R, Fast H, Gil M, Kyrö E, Mikkelsen IS, Rummukainen M, Smit HG, Stähelin J, Varotsos C, Zaitcev I. In situ measurements of stratospheric ozone depletion rates in the Arctic winter 1991/1992: A Lagrangian approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fish DJ, Burton MR. The effect of uncertainties in kinetic and photochemical data on model predictions of stratospheric ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Ngan K, Shepherd TG. Comments on some recent measurements of anomalously steep N2O and O3tracer spectra in the stratospheric surf zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Müller R, Crutzen PJ, Grooβ JU, Bürhl C, Russell JM, Gernandt H, McKenna DS, Tuck AF. Severe chemical ozone loss in the Arctic during the winter of 1995–96. Nature 1997. [DOI: 10.1038/39564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Liquid and solid particles in polar stratospheric clouds are of central importance for the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Surface-catalyzed reactions on these particles, and diffusion-controlled processes in the bulk of the particles, convert halogens, which derive from compounds of mainly anthropogenic origin, from relatively inert reservoir species into forms that efficiently destroy ozone. The microphysics of these particles under cold stratospheric conditions is still uncertain in many respects, in particular concerning phase transitions such as freezing nucleation and deposition nucleation. Furthermore, there are indications that the rates of key heterogeneous reactions have not yet been established with sufficient accuracy to enable a reliable diagnosis of observed ozone losses by means of global models. The present paper reviews the current (late 1996) knowledge of the physico-chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds and evaluates the remaining uncertainties with respect to their ozone depletion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
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Notholt J, Toon GC, Lehmann R, Sen B, Blavier JF. Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic trace gas column abundances from ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Sommaruga R, Psenner R. Ultraviolet Radiation in a High Mountain Lake of the Austrian Alps: Air and Underwater Measurements. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb07954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wingard CE, Schiller JR, Castenholz RW. Evidence Regarding the Possible Role of c-Phycoerythrin in Ultraviolet-B Tolerance in a Thermophilic Cyanobacterium. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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