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Response of adult stem cell populations to a high-fat/high-fiber diet in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of growing pigs divergently selected for feed efficiency. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2397-2408. [PMID: 33125577 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The control of body composition by genetics and dietary nutrients is of the upmost importance for both human and animal physiology. Adult stem cells (aSC) may represent a relevant level of tissue adaptation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of macronutrient composition on aSC populations isolated from adipose tissue or muscle in growing pigs. METHODS Pigs from two lines divergently selected for feed efficiency were fed ad libitum either a high-fat/high-fiber (HF) diet or a low-fat/low-fiber (LF) diet (n = 6 per line and diet) from 74 to 132 days of age. Stroma vascular cells were isolated from adipose tissue and muscle and characterized with cell surface markers. RESULTS In both lines, pigs fed the HF diet exhibited a reduced adiposity (P < 0.001) compared with pigs fed the LF diet. In the four groups, CD90 and PDGFRα markers were predominantly expressed in adipose cells, whereas CD90 and CD56 markers were highly expressed in muscle cells. In adipose tissue, the proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + and of CD90+/PDGFRα + cells were lower (P < 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. On the opposite, in muscle, these proportions were higher (P < 0.001) in HF pigs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that dietary nutrients affected the relative proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + cells with opposite effects between muscle and adipose tissue. These cell populations exhibiting adipogenic potential in adipose tissue and myogenic potential in muscle may be a target to modulate body composition.
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Todd CD, Deniz Ö, Taylor D, Branco MR. Functional evaluation of transposable elements as enhancers in mouse embryonic and trophoblast stem cells. eLife 2019; 8:e44344. [PMID: 31012843 PMCID: PMC6544436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are thought to have helped establish gene regulatory networks. Both the embryonic and extraembryonic lineages of the early mouse embryo have seemingly co-opted TEs as enhancers, but there is little evidence that they play significant roles in gene regulation. Here we tested a set of long terminal repeat TE families for roles as enhancers in mouse embryonic and trophoblast stem cells. Epigenomic and transcriptomic data suggested that a large number of TEs helped to establish tissue-specific gene expression programmes. Genetic editing of individual TEs confirmed a subset of these regulatory relationships. However, a wider survey via CRISPR interference of RLTR13D6 elements in embryonic stem cells revealed that only a minority play significant roles in gene regulation. Our results suggest that a subset of TEs are important for gene regulation in early mouse development, and highlight the importance of functional experiments when evaluating gene regulatory roles of TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Todd
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Özgen Deniz
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Darren Taylor
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Miguel R Branco
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Fan Y, Willer CJ, Chen YE. Reply. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:1034-1035. [PMID: 27590687 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Rasid O, Cavaillon JM. Recent developments in severe sepsis research: from bench to bedside and back. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:293-314. [PMID: 26849633 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe sepsis remains a worldwide threat, not only in industrialized countries, due to their aging population, but also in developing countries where there still are numerous cases of neonatal and puerperal sepsis. Tools for early diagnosis, a prerequisite for rapid and appropriate antibiotic therapy, are still required. In this review, we highlight some recent developments in our understanding of the associated systemic inflammatory response that help deciphering pathophysiology (e.g., epigenetic, miRNA, regulatory loops, compartmentalization, apoptosis and synergy) and discuss some of the consequences of sepsis (e.g., immune status, neurological and muscular alterations). We also emphasize the challenge to better define animal models and discuss past failures in clinical investigations in order to define new efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
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Rai AN, Epperson WB, Nanduri B. Application of Functional Genomics for Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnostics. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:13-23. [PMID: 26526746 PMCID: PMC4620937 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s30525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common economically important disease affecting cattle. For developing accurate diagnostics that can predict disease susceptibility/resistance and stratification, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms that underlie BRD. To study the complex interactions among the bovine host and the multitude of viral and bacterial pathogens, as well as the environmental factors associated with BRD etiology, genome-scale high-throughput functional genomics methods such as microarrays, RNA-seq, and proteomics are helpful. In this review, we summarize the progress made in our understanding of BRD using functional genomics approaches. We also discuss some of the available bioinformatics resources for analyzing high-throughput data, in the context of biological pathways and molecular interactions. Although resources for studying host response to infection are avail-able, the corresponding information is lacking for majority of BRD pathogens, impeding progress in identifying diagnostic signatures for BRD using functional genomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy N Rai
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - William B Epperson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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A matter of identity — Phenotype and differentiation potential of human somatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Jégou M, Gondret F, Lalande-Martin J, Tea I, Baéza E, Louveau I. NMR-based metabolomics highlights differences in plasma metabolites in pigs exhibiting diet-induced differences in adiposity. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1189-99. [PMID: 25997692 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A better understanding of the control of body fat mass and distribution is required for both human health and animal production. The current study investigates plasma parameters in response to changes in body fat mass. METHODS Pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake were fed diets contrasted in energy sources and nutrients. Between 74 and 132 days of age, pigs (n = 12 by diet and by line) received isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, either rich in starch (LF) or in lipids and fibres (HF). At the end of the feeding trial, plasma samples were analysed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and standard hormonal and biochemical assays. RESULTS Pigs fed the HF diet had lower (P < 0.01) perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue relative masses than pigs fed the LF diet. Metabolomic approach showed a clear discrimination between diets, with lower (P < 0.05) plasma levels of creatinine-lysine, creatine, tyrosine, proline, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and formate but higher (P < 0.001) plasma VLDL-LDL levels in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were higher (P < 0.001), while plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, leptin, glucose, insulin and urea were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma levels of leptin, creatine and urea were positively correlated (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) with relative adipose tissue masses. CONCLUSION These data indicate that metabolites associated with energy and protein metabolism were involved in the response to a high-fat, high-fibre diet. Relevant plasma indicators of metabolic flexibility related to changes in body adiposity were then proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Jégou
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Lalande-Martin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Illa Tea
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Isabelle Louveau
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Silva ITGD, Oliveira PSLD, Santos GM. Featuring the nucleosome surface as a therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Alnouti Y, Bathena SP, Nunn ME, Ogunleye AO, McVaney TP, Headen KV, Miyamoto T. A Major Human Oral Lysophosphatidic Acid Species, LPA 18:1, Regulates Novel Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2015; 86:713-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Clement C, Hill JM, Dua P, Culicchia F, Lukiw WJ. Analysis of RNA from Alzheimer's Disease Post-mortem Brain Tissues. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1322-1328. [PMID: 25631714 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a uniquely human, age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorder for which there is no adequate experimental model. While well over 100 transgenic murine models of AD (TgAD) have been developed that recapitulate many of the neuropathological features of AD, key pathological features of AD such as progressive neuronal atrophy, neuron cell loss, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation have not been observed in any TgAD model to date. To more completely analyze and understand the neuropathology, altered neuro-inflammatory and innate-immune signaling pathways, and the complex molecular-genetics and epigenetics of AD, it is therefore necessary to rigorously examine short post-mortem interval (PMI) human brain tissues to gain a deeper and more thorough insight into the neuropathological mechanisms that characterize the AD process. This perspective-methods paper will highlight some important recent findings on the utilization of short PMI tissues in sporadic (idiopathic; of unknown origin) AD research with focus on the extraction and quantification of RNA, and in particular microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) and analytical strategies, drawing on the authors' combined 125 years of laboratory experience into this investigative research area. We sincerely hope that new investigators in the field of "gene expression analysis in neurological disease" will benefit from the observations presented here and incorporate these recent findings and observations into their future experimental planning and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Clement
- Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70126, USA
| | - James M Hill
- LSU Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA, 71270, USA
| | - Frank Culicchia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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