1
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Wang J, Ye H, Zhang C, Zhang A. Association of diarrhea or constipation with urinary incontinence in adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:1674-1685. [PMID: 38693849 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between diarrhea or constipation and urinary incontinence (UI) in adults. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2009-2010 was used to include 4686 adults aged 20 and over in the analysis. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) were used as outcome variables, with diarrhea and constipation as exposure factors. We first compared the baseline characteristics of those with and without SUI, as well as those with and without UUI. The impact of diarrhea or constipation on SUI and UUI was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. To ensure the stability of the results, subgroup and stratified analyses were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence rates of UUI and SUI were 22.49% and 23.39%, respectively. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of UUI was increased by either diarrhea (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04) or constipation (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11-1.83). The risk of SUI was also elevated by either diarrhea (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.67) or constipation (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.63). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in the interaction tests between constipation or diarrhea and UI. CONCLUSIONS This study found that both constipation and diarrhea increase the risk of UUI and SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Wenling), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Ye
- Department of Urology, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Wenling), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cunming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Wenling), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiwei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Wenling), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Burakova I, Morozova P, Lagutina S, Chizhkov P, Korneeva O, Syromyatnikov M. Fecal Microbiota Characteristics in Constipation-Predominant and Mixed-Type Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1414. [PMID: 39065182 PMCID: PMC11278693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the lifestyle of patients. It is associated with significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, but the underlying microbial mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We study the fecal microbiome of patients with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) and mixed-type IBS (IBS-M). METHODS We sequenced the V3 region of the 16S rRNA on the Ion Torrent PGM sequencing platform to study the microbiome. RESULTS In the patients with IBS-C and IBS-M, an increase in alpha diversity was found, compared to the healthy group, and differences in beta diversity were also noted. At the phylum level, both IBS subtypes showed an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, as well as an increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota. Changes in some types of bacteria were characteristic of only one of the IBS subtypes, while no statistically significant differences in the composition of the microbiome were detected between IBS-C and IBS-M. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to demonstrate the association of Turicibacter sanguinis, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, Senegalimassilia anaerobia, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Leuconostoc carnosum, and Parabacteroides merdae with IBS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Polina Morozova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Lagutina
- Department of Polyclinic Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, 394036 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Pavel Chizhkov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Olga Korneeva
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia; (M.G.); (Y.S.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (O.K.)
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia;
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JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, Portincasa P, Bonfrate L. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 125:10-18. [PMID: 38467533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving the brain-gut interaction. IBS is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS exerts significant impacts on quality of life and imposes huge economic costs. Global epidemiological data reveal variations in IBS prevalence, both globally and between genders, necessitating comprehensive studies to uncover potential societal and cultural influences. While the exact pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, the mechanism involves a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, leading to disturbed intestinal motility, local inflammation, altered intestinal permeability, visceral sensitivity, and gut microbiota composition. We reviewed several gender-related pathophysiological aspects of IBS pathophysiology, by focusing on gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. This perspective paves the way to personalized and multidimensional clinical management of individuals with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Noto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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4
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Otaru N, Pugin B, Plüss S, Hojsak I, Braegger C, Lacroix C. A pilot case-control study on the fecal microbiota of pediatric functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified and the role of early life stress. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:32. [PMID: 39421253 PMCID: PMC11485736 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Gut microbial features and the role of early life stress in pediatric functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) have never been investigated before. Here, we hypothesize that early life stress is more prevalent in FAP-NOS compared to healthy controls and that fecal microbial profiles and related metabolites differ between groups. Methods: In an international multicenter case-control study, FAP-NOS patients (n = 40) were compared to healthy controls (n = 55). Stool samples and demographic and clinical data including early life traumatic events and antibiotics treatments were collected from children aged four to twelve years. Fecal microbial profiles were assessed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial metabolite concentrations in fecal supernatant, including short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, were detected via liquid chromatography. Results: Microbial richness was increased in FAP-NOS compared to healthy controls and microbial composition (unweighted UniFrac) differed between groups. Three distinct amplicon sequencing variants and two distinct species were enriched in FAP-NOS compared to controls, with no observed changes at higher taxonomic levels. No differences in microbial metabolites and early life stress were observed between groups. Conclusion: The presented hypothesis could not be proven, with no observed differences in occurrence of early life stress, and fecal microbial metabolic profiles between pediatric FAP-NOS and healthy controls. Pediatric FAP-NOS patients exhibited mild differences in the fecal microbial community compared with controls. Further large-scale studies with high-resolution techniques are warranted to address the biological relevance of present observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nize Otaru
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Christian Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Authors contributed equally
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5
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Zeevenhooven J, Zeevenhooven L, Biesbroek A, Schappin R, Vlieger AM, van Sleuwen BE, L'Hoir MP, Benninga MA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders, quality of life, and behaviour in adolescents with history of infant colic. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1435-1443. [PMID: 38535502 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and behavioural problems in a cohort of adolescents with a history of infant colic (IC), as defined by Wessel's criteria. METHODS 388 adolescents, aged 15-18 years, who participated in a randomised controlled trial for infants with colic, were invited for our observational follow-up study. Prevalence of FGIDs was assessed with the Rome IV Questionnaire on Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders (RIV-QPGD), HRQOL through self-report of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and behavioural problems through parent-report of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL). Multivariable models were used to compare prevalence rates of FGIDs and HRQOL scores. RESULTS 190 (49%) adolescents with a history of IC (cases) and 381 controls were included (median age 17.0 [IQR 16.0-17.0] and 16.0 [15.0-17.0] years, respectively). Cases had a significantly higher risk for postprandial distress syndrome compared to controls (aOR 2.49 (95%CI 1.18-5.25), p = 0.002). After multivariable regression, total, physical and school HRQOL scores were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.009). CONCLUSION Adolescents with a history of IC demonstrate higher prevalence rates of postprandial distress syndrome compared to controls. However, conclusions should be made with caution due to attrition and information bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zeevenhooven
- Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Zeevenhooven
- Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Biesbroek
- Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Schappin
- Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arine M Vlieger
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique P L'Hoir
- Nutrition and Health over the Lifecourse, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Vinayamohan PG, Poelstra J, Cheng TY, Goetz H, Renaud DL, Gomez DE, Habing G. Exploring the effects of transport duration on the fecal microbial communities of surplus dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3863-3884. [PMID: 38216047 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Transportation significantly affects the health and welfare of surplus dairy calves, largely due to the various stressors and pathogen exposures encountered during the process. Concurrently, an animal's microbiome is known to correlate with its health status, with stress-induced alterations in the microbiota potentially precipitating various diseases. This study aimed to compare the effects of transportation durations of 6, 12, or 16 h on the fecal microbiota in young surplus dairy calves. We used a randomized controlled design in which surplus dairy calves aged 1 to 19 d from 5 commercial dairy farms in Ontario were allocated into 1 of 3 transportation groups (6, 12, and 16 h of continuous transportation). Health assessments were conducted before, immediately after, and for 2 wk following transportation. Fecal samples were collected before, immediately after, and at 24 and 72 h after transportation and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences between the 3 transportation groups at any of the sampling time points. Although β diversity metrics revealed no clustering by transportation groups, they indicated significant differences across sampling time points within each group. The overall analysis revealed a total of 22 phyla and 353 genera, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla. Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, and Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. The reduction in Fusobacteria abundance before and after transport was significantly larger in the 16-h transportation group when compared with the 6-h transportation group. We also identified several genus-level and amplicon sequence variation-level taxa that displayed significant differences in their abundances across various transportation groups, observed at all sampling time points investigated. This research identifies microbiota changes due to varying transportation durations in surplus dairy calves, providing a broad understanding of the microbial shifts in surplus dairy calves after transportation across varying durations. Although these variations may not directly correlate with overall calf health or indicate dysbiosis, these results emphasize the importance of further investigating transportation practices to enhance calf health and well-being. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and calf health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelmer Poelstra
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center (MCIC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hanne Goetz
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
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7
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Muller E, Shiryan I, Borenstein E. Multi-omic integration of microbiome data for identifying disease-associated modules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2621. [PMID: 38521774 PMCID: PMC10960825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic studies of the human gut microbiome are crucial for understanding its role in disease across multiple functional layers. Nevertheless, integrating and analyzing such complex datasets poses significant challenges. Most notably, current analysis methods often yield extensive lists of disease-associated features (e.g., species, pathways, or metabolites), without capturing the multi-layered structure of the data. Here, we address this challenge by introducing "MintTea", an intermediate integration-based approach combining canonical correlation analysis extensions, consensus analysis, and an evaluation protocol. MintTea identifies "disease-associated multi-omic modules", comprising features from multiple omics that shift in concord and that collectively associate with the disease. Applied to diverse cohorts, MintTea captures modules with high predictive power, significant cross-omic correlations, and alignment with known microbiome-disease associations. For example, analyzing samples from a metabolic syndrome study, MintTea identifies a module with serum glutamate- and TCA cycle-related metabolites, along with bacterial species linked to insulin resistance. In another dataset, MintTea identifies a module associated with late-stage colorectal cancer, including Peptostreptococcus and Gemella species and fecal amino acids, in line with these species' metabolic activity and their coordinated gradual increase with cancer development. This work demonstrates the potential of advanced integration methods in generating systems-level, multifaceted hypotheses underlying microbiome-disease interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Muller
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Shiryan
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
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8
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Rosa D, Zablah RA, Vazquez-Frias R. Unraveling the complexity of Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction: the gut microbiota connection in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1283389. [PMID: 38433954 PMCID: PMC10904537 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1283389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
"Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs)," formerly referred to as "Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs)," encompass a prevalent array of chronic or recurring gastrointestinal symptoms that notably impact the quality of life for affected children and their families. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate pathophysiology of DGBIs, underscoring their correlation with gut microbiota. This review seeks to explore the present comprehension of the gut microbiota's role in DGBI development. While other factors can contribute to DGBIs, the gut microbiota prominently influences the onset and progression of these conditions. According to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, DGBI prevalence is approximately 40% worldwide. The Rome Foundation has diligently worked for nearly three decades to refine our comprehension of DGBIs. By centering on the gut microbiota, this review sheds light on potential therapeutic interventions for DGBIs, potentially enhancing the quality of life for pediatric patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Rosa
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Roberto Arturo Zablah
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital de Niños “Benjamín Bloom”, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Rodrigo Vazquez-Frias
- Grupo de Investigación del Caribe y Centroamérica para la Microbiota, Probióticos y Prebióticos, GICCAMPP, la Romana, Dominican Republic
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
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9
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Muller E, Shiryan I, Borenstein E. Multi-omic integration of microbiome data for identifying disease-associated modules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.03.547607. [PMID: 37461534 PMCID: PMC10349976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem with profound implications for health and disease. This recognition has led to a surge in multi-omic microbiome studies, employing various molecular assays to elucidate the microbiome's role in diseases across multiple functional layers. However, despite the clear value of these multi-omic datasets, rigorous integrative analysis of such data poses significant challenges, hindering a comprehensive understanding of microbiome-disease interactions. Perhaps most notably, multiple approaches, including univariate and multivariate analyses, as well as machine learning, have been applied to such data to identify disease-associated markers, namely, specific features (e.g., species, pathways, metabolites) that are significantly altered in disease state. These methods, however, often yield extensive lists of features associated with the disease without effectively capturing the multi-layered structure of multi-omic data or offering clear, interpretable hypotheses about underlying microbiome-disease mechanisms. Here, we address this challenge by introducing MintTea - an intermediate integration-based method for analyzing multi-omic microbiome data. MintTea combines a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) extension, consensus analysis, and an evaluation protocol to robustly identify disease-associated multi-omic modules. Each such module consists of a set of features from the various omics that both shift in concord, and collectively associate with the disease. Applying MintTea to diverse case-control cohorts with multi-omic data, we show that this framework is able to capture modules with high predictive power for disease, significant cross-omic correlations, and alignment with known microbiome-disease associations. For example, analyzing samples from a metabolic syndrome (MS) study, we found a MS-associated module comprising of a highly correlated cluster of serum glutamate- and TCA cycle-related metabolites, as well as bacterial species previously implicated in insulin resistance. In another cohort, we identified a module associated with late-stage colorectal cancer, featuring Peptostreptococcus and Gemella species and several fecal amino acids, in agreement with these species' reported role in the metabolism of these amino acids and their coordinated increase in abundance during disease development. Finally, comparing modules identified in different datasets, we detected multiple significant overlaps, suggesting common interactions between microbiome features. Combined, this work serves as a proof of concept for the potential benefits of advanced integration methods in generating integrated multi-omic hypotheses underlying microbiome-disease interactions and a promising avenue for researchers seeking systems-level insights into coherent mechanisms governing microbiome-related diseases.
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10
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Newman KL, Allegretti JR. Emerging Noninfectious Indications for Live Biotherapeutic Products in Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:S30-S35. [PMID: 38153224 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Wal A, Wal P, Verma N, Pandey SS, Krishnan K, Bhowmick M. Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Treatment and Management. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:166-177. [PMID: 36443973 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666221128094843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that causes stomach pain in children and adolescents. It may also impact one's quality of life. IBS is linked to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhoea and constipation. Despite the identification of several potential pathophysiological pathways, the aetiology of IBS remained unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to discuss the diagnosis, pathogenesis, case studies and treatment of Irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. METHODS This systematic review covered relevant papers from the previous ten years that were accessible in Science Direct, Elsevier, NCBI, and Web of Science related to the pathophysiology and function of pharmacological drugs such as antidepressants, antispasmodics, prokinetics, and antibiotics in children with irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS Only a few prospective therapy techniques have been investigated in children, and even fewer of those have been demonstrated to be effective. This article presents case studies including 50-59 children, which demonstrate a favourable acceptable impact that is more effective than a placebo in terms of reducing symptoms and improving the overall quality of life in children who have irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, the majority of the pathophysiological explanations and treatment options discussed are based on adult studies. These major issues arose when treating paediatric IBS, and they must be addressed in order to properly treat children with IBS. Trials that focus on many combinations of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies seem to be more helpful. DISCUSSION In recent years, a number of systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of medication treatments in children for IBS; however, the dependability of these systematic reviews needs to be further investigated owing to the various experimental designs and levels of evidence used. This article highlights paediatric therapy options, including pharmaceutical medications such as antidepressants, antispasmodics, prokinetics, and antibiotics. The goal is to alleviate IBS symptoms while also enhancing the quality of life for children with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Nh2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Nh2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Neha Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Nh2 Kanpur Agra Highway Bhaunti, Kanpur, UP, India
| | | | - Karthickeyan Krishnan
- Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117, Tamil Nadu, 600117, India
| | - Mithun Bhowmick
- D101 Shikshak Niketan, Campus of Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bidhananagar Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
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12
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Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Amieva-Balmori M, Triana-Romero A, Wilson B, Smith L, Reyes-Huerta J, Rossi M, Whelan K, Remes-Troche JM. Fecal Microbial Composition and Predicted Functional Profile in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Differ between Subtypes and Geographical Locations. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2493. [PMID: 37894151 PMCID: PMC10608977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a microbial pathogenesis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but the relationship remains elusive. Fecal DNA samples from 120 patients with IBS, 82 Mexican (IBS-C: n = 33, IBS-D: n = 24, IBS-M: n = 25) and 38 British (IBS-C: n = 6, IBS-D: n = 27, IBS-M: n = 5), were available for analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Firmicutes (mean: 82.1%), Actinobacteria (10.2%), and Bacteroidetes (4.4%) were the most abundant taxa. The analysis of all samples (n = 120), and females (n = 94) only, showed no significant differences in bacterial microbiota, but the analysis of Mexican patients (n = 82) showed several differences in key taxa (e.g., Faecalibacterium) among the different IBS subtypes. In IBS-D there were significantly higher Bacteroidetes in British patients (n = 27) than in Mexican patients (n = 24), suggesting unique fecal microbiota signatures within the same IBS subtype. These differences in IBS-D were also observed at lower phylogenetic levels (e.g., higher Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus in Mexican patients) and were accompanied by differences in several alpha diversity metrics. Beta diversity was not different among IBS subtypes when using all samples, but the analysis of IBS-D patients revealed consistent differences between Mexican and British patients. This study suggests that fecal microbiota is different between IBS subtypes and also within each subtype depending on geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Amieva-Balmori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91700, Mexico
| | - Arturo Triana-Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91700, Mexico
| | - Bridgette Wilson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Leanne Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Job Reyes-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91700, Mexico
| | - Megan Rossi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jose M. Remes-Troche
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91700, Mexico
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13
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Qu Y, Park SH, Dallas DC. The Role of Bovine Kappa-Casein Glycomacropeptide in Modulating the Microbiome and Inflammatory Responses of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:3991. [PMID: 37764775 PMCID: PMC10538225 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder marked by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits. Effective treatments are still actively sought. Kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived peptide, holds promise because it can modulate the gut microbiome, immune responses, gut motility, and barrier functions, as well as binding toxins. These properties align with the recognized pathophysiological aspects of IBS, including gut microbiota imbalances, immune system dysregulation, and altered gut barrier functions. This review delves into GMP's role in regulating the gut microbiome, accentuating its influence on bacterial populations and its potential to promote beneficial bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic varieties. It further investigates the gut microbial shifts observed in IBS patients and contemplates GMP's potential for restoring microbial equilibrium and overall gut health. The anti-inflammatory attributes of GMP, especially its impact on vital inflammatory markers and capacity to temper the low-grade inflammation present in IBS are also discussed. In addition, this review delves into current research on GMP's effects on gut motility and barrier integrity and examines the changes in gut motility and barrier function observed in IBS sufferers. The overarching goal is to assess the potential clinical utility of GMP in IBS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Qu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (Y.Q.); (S.H.P.)
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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14
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Martín R, Rios-Covian D, Huillet E, Auger S, Khazaal S, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Sokol H, Chatel JM, Langella P. Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad039. [PMID: 37451743 PMCID: PMC10410495 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases in the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is the genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels of Faecalibacterium are correlated with inflammatory conditions, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the forefront. Its representation is also diminished in the case of several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, the relative presence of this genus is considered to reflect, at least in part, intestinal health status because Faecalibacterium is frequently present at reduced levels in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases or disorders. In this review, we first thoroughly describe updates to the taxonomy of Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon to a multispecies taxon over the last decade. We then explore the links discovered between Faecalibacterium abundance and various diseases since the first IBD-focused studies were published. Next, we examine current available strategies for modulating Faecalibacterium levels in the gut. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects that have been attributed to this genus. Together, epidemiological and experimental data strongly support the use of Faecalibacterium as a next-generation probiotic (NGP) or live biotherapeutic product (LBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David Rios-Covian
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eugénie Huillet
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Khazaal
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, F-75012 Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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15
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Xu Y, Yao R, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yao J, Zhang G, Liu D. Spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound DXL-A-24 improves visceral sensation and gut microbiota in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16544. [PMID: 37303540 PMCID: PMC10250758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by visceral pain, impaired intestinal barrier and a disorder of the microbiota. DXL-A-24 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting neuropeptides and inflammatory factors. In this study, we used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced IBS model, to assess the action of DXL-A-24 on visceral hypersensitivity, barrier function and microbiota. Visceral sensation was assessed by colorectal distension in a model of IBS. The expressions of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot, the contents of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid were detected by ELISA, and 16S rRNA to detect the diversity of gut microbiota. CUMS reduced visceral pain threshold and increased colonic permeability of rats. DXL-A-24 for 28 days inhibited these changes. DXL-A-24 also decreased the expression of SP, CGRP in colon and D-LA, DAO in serum. Besides, DXL-A-24 increased the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. In conclusions, DXL-A-24 reduced visceral sensitivity, improved intestinal barrier and regulated gut microbiota in rats with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongguang Liu
- Corresponding author. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
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16
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Bora G, Atkinson SN, Pan A, Sood M, Salzman N, Karrento K. Impact of auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation on gut microbiome in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome: A pilot study. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:348-358. [PMID: 37448237 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has documented efficacy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) via plausible vagal neuromodulation effects. The vagus nerve may affect gut microbiome composition via brain-gut-microbiome signaling. We aimed to investigate gut microbiome alterations by PENFS therapy in adolescent IBS patients. METHODS A prospective study of females with IBS aged 11-18 years receiving PENFS therapy for 4 weeks with pre- and post-intervention stool sampling was conducted. Outcome surveys completed pre-therapy, weekly, and post-therapy included IBS-Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI), Functional Disability Inventory (FDI), and the global symptom response scale (SRS). Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool samples followed by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. QIIME 2 (version 2022.2) was used for analyses of α and β diversity and differential abundance by group. RESULTS Twenty females aged 15.6 ± 1.62 years were included. IBS-SSS, VSI, and FDI scores decreased significantly after PENFS therapy (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003, P = 0.0004, respectively). No intra- or interindividual microbiome changes were noted pre- versus post-therapy or between responders and non-responders. When response was defined by 50-point IBS-SSS score reduction, α diversity was higher in responders compared with non-responders at week 4 (P = 0.033). There was higher abundance of Blautia in excellent responders versus non-responders. CONCLUSIONS There were no substantial microbial diversity alterations with PENFS. Subjects with excellent therapeutic response showed an enrichment of relative abundance of Blautia, which may indicate that patients with specific microbial signature have a more favorable response to PENFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Bora
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha N Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Divison of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manu Sood
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Nita Salzman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katja Karrento
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Chen H, Ou R, Tang N, Su W, Yang R, Yu X, Zhang G, Jiao J, Zhou X. Alternation of the gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: an integrated analysis based on multicenter amplicon sequencing data. J Transl Med 2023; 21:117. [PMID: 36774467 PMCID: PMC9921069 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbacteriosis has been reported as one of the etiologies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the association between gut microbiota and IBS is still inconclusive. METHOD A paired-sample study was designed by retrieving original multicenter 16 s-rRNA data of IBS patients and healthy controls from the GMrepo database. The propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was applied to reduce confounding bias. The differential analysis of microbiota composition was performed at different taxonomic levels. The co-occurrence network was established. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify specific microbial compositions in different IBS subtypes. RESULTS A total of 1522 amplicon samples were initially enrolled. After PSM, 708 individuals (354 IBS and 354 healthy controls) were eligible for further analysis. A total of 1,160 genera were identified. We identified significantly changed taxa in IBS groups (IBS-enriched: the families Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae and Sphingobacteriaceae; the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterocloster, Sphingobacterium, Holdemania and Acinetobacter. IBS-depleted: the phyla Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria and Lentisphaerae; the families Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Methanobacteriaceae and the other 25 families; the genera Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and other 68 genera). The co-occurrence network identified three hub genera and six hub species (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) that may be involved in IBS pathophysiology. Strong positive interactions were identified among the Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the Bifidobacterium community. CONCLUSION This study provides quantitative analysis and visualization of the interaction between the gut microbiota and IBS. The identification of key species should be further validated to evaluate their causal relationships with the pathogenesis of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ou
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhu County People’s Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Nana Tang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Su
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Yang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Gut microbiota in chronic pain: Novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Yao C, Li Y, Luo L, Xie F, Xiong Q, Li T, Yang C, Feng PM. Significant Differences in Gut Microbiota Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea and Healthy Controls in Southwest China. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:106-127. [PMID: 35503487 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous disease, which is closely related to environmental factors and gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE To study gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China and explore its relationship with environmental factors. METHODS One hundred and twenty cases of IBS-D and 63 cases of HCs were recruited; baseline data such as age, height, and weight were collected. HAMA, HAMD, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, and laboratory tests were performed. Feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, the differences of gut microbiota were analyzed and looked for biomarkers of each. FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota. Spearman analysis was conducted between the phylum level and environmental factor. RESULTS There were significant differences in daily life between IBS-D and HCs, especially in the spicy taste. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, urea, and transaminase in IBS-D were significantly higher than those of HCs. The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that of HCs, as well as the beta diversity, but not diversity. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Roseburia, and the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bifidobacteriales. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly different from HCs. Correlation analysis showed that multiple gut microbiota were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes, and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure, and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits, and mental and psychological factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2100045751).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiao Yao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengjiao Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tinglin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei-Min Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Comorbidity of functional bowel disorders and obesity in terms of microbiome. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ecosystem of the gut plays a fundamental role in the normal functioning of the metabolic and immune systems. Functional bowel disease and obesity are highly prevalent in the population and place a heavy burden on healthcare system. Both comorbidity and multimorbidity are considered to be common for obesity and intestinal functional disorders. Changes in the microbiota can be both the cause and consequence of each disease: intestinal functional disorder changes the composition of the microbiota, resulting in obesity, and vice versa. Intestinal functional disorders and obesity are characterized by a similar type of dysbiosis.The aim of the review is to analyze the research findings available to date in order to establish the relationship between the gut microbiome, functional bowel disease and obesity. The researches have shown that patients with intestinal functional disorders have a different gut microbiome than healthy individuals. For intestinal functional disorders, the general patterns of the intestinal microbiota composition were described, and the characteristic taxonomic groups of bacteria were identified. On the other side, it must be noted that there is no clear correlation between intestinal functional disorders and obesity in terms of the microbiota. This can be explained by the high heterogeneity of intestinal functional disorders, as well as by the lack of a unified approach to creating a study design, by different sizes of population samples and also by different diagnostic criteria. The necessity to determine the criteria in the development of the design of future studies is discussed.
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21
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Dargenio VN, Castellaneta S, Panico S, Papagni ME, Dargenio C, Schettini F, Francavilla R, Cristofori F. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:703-723. [PMID: 36315413 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, scientists have discovered the intimate role of the gut microbiome in human health, and since then, several papers have been published to investigate if the use of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) may have a beneficial impact on human health both in treatment and prevention. We now ask ourselves whether we have reached the finish line or just a new starting point, as the evidence supporting the use of biotics in several conditions still needs a lot of work. Many questions remain unanswered today because the evidence differs depending on the indication, used strain, and amount and duration of administration. Herein we will summarize the evidence on probiotics in some gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile colic, functional abdominal pain disorders, celiac disease, acute gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Dargenio
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Castellaneta
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Panico
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria E Papagni
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Dargenio
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Schettini
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy -
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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22
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McHarg AS, Leach S. The role of the gut microbiome in paediatric irritable bowel syndrome. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:454-469. [PMID: 36694592 PMCID: PMC9834077 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and disabling condition in children. The pathophysiology of IBS is thought to be multifactorial but remains incompletely understood. There is growing evidence implicating the gut microbiome in IBS. Intestinal dysbiosis has been demonstrated in paediatric IBS cohorts; however, no uniform or consistent pattern has been identified. The exact mechanisms by which this dysbiosis contributes to IBS symptoms remain unknown. Available evidence suggests the imbalance produces a functional dysbiosis, with altered production of gases and metabolites that interact with the intestinal wall to cause symptoms, and enrichment or depletion of certain metabolic pathways. Additional hypothesised mechanisms include increased intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity and altered gastrointestinal motility; however, these remain speculative in paediatric patients, with studies limited to animal models and adult populations. Interaction between dietary components and intestinal microbiota, particularly with fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), has drawn increasing attention. FODMAPs have been found to trigger and worsen IBS symptoms. This is thought to be related to products of their fermentation by a dysbiotic microbial population, although this remains to be proven. A low-FODMAP diet has shown promising success in ameliorating symptoms in some but not all patients. There remains much to be discovered about the role of the dysbiotic microbiome in paediatric IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S McHarg
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Westfield Research Laboratories, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia,* Correspondence:
| | - Steven Leach
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Westfield Research Laboratories, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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23
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Karakan T, Gundogdu A, Alagözlü H, Ekmen N, Ozgul S, Tunali V, Hora M, Beyazgul D, Nalbantoglu OU. Artificial intelligence-based personalized diet: A pilot clinical study for irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2138672. [PMID: 36318623 PMCID: PMC9629088 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2138672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We enrolled consecutive IBS-M patients (n = 25) according to Rome IV criteria. Fecal samples were obtained from all patients twice (pre-and post-intervention) and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. Six weeks of personalized nutrition diet (n = 14) for group 1 and a standard IBS diet (n = 11) for group 2 were followed. AI-based diet was designed based on optimizing a personalized nutritional strategy by an algorithm regarding individual gut microbiome features. The IBS-SSS evaluation for pre- and post-intervention exhibited significant improvement (p < .02 and p < .001 for the standard IBS diet and personalized nutrition groups, respectively). While the IBS-SSS evaluation changed to moderate from severe in 78% (11 out of 14) of the personalized nutrition group, no such change was observed in the standard IBS diet group. A statistically significant increase in the Faecalibacterium genus was observed in the personalized nutrition group (p = .04). Bacteroides and putatively probiotic genus Propionibacterium were increased in the personalized nutrition group. The change (delta) values in IBS-SSS scores (before-after) in personalized nutrition and standard IBS diet groups are significantly higher in the personalized nutrition group. AI-based personalized microbiome modulation through diet significantly improves IBS-related symptoms in patients with IBS-M. Further large-scale, randomized placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up (durability) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkan Karakan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Gundogdu
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,Metagenomics Division, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,Enbiosis Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Alagözlü
- Yuksek Ihtisas University, Medical Faculty, Gastroenterology Department, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Ekmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seckin Ozgul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Varol Tunali
- Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Parasitology Department, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hora
- Enbiosis Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey,Bioinformatics Division, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - O. Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Enbiosis Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey,Bioinformatics Division, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,Department of Computer Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,CONTACT O. Ufuk Nalbantoglu Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Parasitology Department, Manisa, Turkey
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24
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Karunanayake A, Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S. Early life events in functional abdominal pain disorders in children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275419. [PMID: 36322579 PMCID: PMC9629606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common gastrointestinal problems in children, and the pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial. Adverse early life events (ELE) induce alterations in the central nervous system, perhaps predisposing individuals to develop FAPDs. We aimed to study the potential adverse ELE that are associated with FAPDs. Methods We steered a school-based survey involving 1000 children from 4 randomly selected schools. FAPDs were assessed using the translated Rome III questionnaire, and ELE were identified using a pre-tested, parental questionnaire. FAPDs were diagnosed using the Rome III criteria. Results Hundred and eighty-two (182) children had FAPDs (62.1% girls, mean age 8.5, SD 2.1). ELE of them were compared with 571 children without FAPDs (51.1% girls, mean age 8.8, SD 1.9). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, family members with abdominal pain, family member with chronic pain other than abdominal pain, prenatal maternal complications and interventional deliveries, were recognized as potential risk factors for the development of FAPDs. Breast feeding over two years has shown to reduce the prevalence of FAPDs.a. Conclusions Prenatal maternal medical problems are associated a with higher prevalence of FAPDs later in life. Prolonged breastfeeding and normal vaginal delivery could be considered as factors that reduce the vulnerability of developing FAPDs in children. Therefore, minimizing pregnancy-related complications, encouraging vaginal deliveries, and encouraging breastfeeding are potentially valuable measures to prevent FAPDs during childhood.
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25
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Lan Y, Li Y, Yu G, Zhang Z, Irshad I. Dynamic changes of gut fungal community in horse at different health states. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1047412. [PMID: 36387410 PMCID: PMC9650549 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1047412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies indicated that gut microbial changes played key roles in the progression of multiple diseases, which seriously threaten the host health. Gut microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with the development of diarrhea, but gut microbial composition and variability in diarrheic horses have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated gut fungal compositions and changes in healthy and diarrheic horses using amplicon sequencing. Results indicated that the alpha and beta diversities of gut fungal community in diarrheal horses changed significantly, accompanied by distinct changes in taxonomic compositions. The types of main fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota) in healthy and diarrheal horses were same but different in relative abundances. However, the species and abundances of dominant fungal genera in diarrheal horses changed significantly compared with healthy horses. Results of Metastats analysis indicated that all differential fungal phyla (Blastocladiomycota, Kickxellomycota, Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, and Olpidiomycota) showed a decreasing trend during diarrhea. Moreover, a total of 175 differential fungal genera were identified for the gut fungal community between healthy and diarrheal horses, where 4 fungal genera increased significantly, 171 bacterial genera decreased dramatically during diarrhea. Among these decreased bacteria, 74 fungal genera even completely disappeared from the intestine. Moreover, this is the first comparative analysis of equine gut fungal community in different health states, which is beneficial to understand the important role of gut fungal community in equine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lan
- School of Physical Education and International Equestrianism, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaonan Li
- School of Physical Education and International Equestrianism, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yaonan Li
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Physical Education and International Equestrianism, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- School of Physical Education and International Equestrianism, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Irfan Irshad
- Pathobiology Section, Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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26
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Mahalak KK, Firrman J, Bobokalonov J, Narrowe AB, Bittinger K, Daniel S, Tanes C, Mattei LM, Zeng WB, Soares JW, Kobori M, Lemons JMS, Tomasula PM, Liu L. Persistence of the Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strain GG (LGG) in an In Vitro Model of the Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12973. [PMID: 36361763 PMCID: PMC9657340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of probiotics is widely encouraged due to reports of their positive effects on human health. In particular, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) is an approved probiotic that has been reported to improve health outcomes, especially for gastrointestinal disorders. However, how LGG cooperates with the gut microbiome has not been fully explored. To understand the interaction between LGG and its ability to survive and grow within the gut microbiome, this study introduced LGG into established microbial communities using an in vitro model of the colon. LGG was inoculated into the simulated ascending colon and its persistence in, and transit through the subsequent transverse and descending colon regions was monitored over two weeks. The impact of LGG on the existing bacterial communities was investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and short-chain fatty acid analysis. LGG was able to engraft and proliferate in the ascending region for at least 10 days but was diminished in the transverse and descending colon regions with little effect on short-chain fatty acid abundance. These data suggest that the health benefits of the probiotic LGG rely on its ability to transiently engraft and modulate the host microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karley K. Mahalak
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Jamshed Bobokalonov
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Adrienne B. Narrowe
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ceylan Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa M. Mattei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Zeng
- Department of Mathematics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Bioprocessing and Bioengineering Group, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (CCDC-SC), Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Johanna M. S. Lemons
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Peggy M. Tomasula
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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27
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Gerasimidis K, Gkikas K, Stewart C, Neelis E, Svolos V. Microbiome and paediatric gut diseases. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:784-789. [PMID: 34716173 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the human gut resides a vast community of microorganisms which perform critical functions for the maintenance of whole body homeostasis. Changes in the composition and function of this community, termed microbiome, are believed to provoke disease onset, including non-communicable diseases. In this review, we debate the current evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis, outcomes and management of paediatric gut disease. We conclude that even though the gut microbiome is altered in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, intestinal failure, necrotising enterocolitis and irritable bowel syndrome, there are currently very few implications for unravelling disease pathogenesis or guiding clinical practice. In the future, the gut microbiome may aid in disease differential diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes, and comprise a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Neelis
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vaios Svolos
- Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Recent findings in Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated metabolism and its role in intestinal diseases. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2333-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rexwinkel R, Vlieger AM, Saps M, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2603-2617. [PMID: 35460383 PMCID: PMC9192445 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the gut-brain interaction negatively impact quality of life and carry a substantial socioeconomic burden. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) are common functional abdominal pain disorders in childhood. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and high-quality intervention trials and international guidelines are missing. Therefore, the management of these disorders remains challenging. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic possibilities for pediatric IBS or FAP-NOS and recommends management strategies. To prevent unnecessary referrals and extensive costs, it is fundamental to make a positive diagnosis of IBS or FAP-NOS in children with chronic abdominal pain with only minimal investigations. A tailor-made approach for each patient, based on the accompanying physical and psychological symptoms, is proposed to date. CONCLUSION Shared decision-making including non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions should be considered and discussed with the family. WHAT IS KNOWN • Irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified are common in childhood. • Although the number of treatment options has grown recently, managing these disorders can be challenging and unsatisfactory, and no evidence-based international management guidelines are available. WHAT IS NEW • We suggest using a stepwise individualized approach to management, where after first-line management, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Rexwinkel
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Room C2-312, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Arine M Vlieger
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Saps
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Merit M Tabbers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Room C2-312, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Room C2-312, PO Box 22700, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Palmas V, Pisanu S, Madau V, Casula E, Deledda A, Cusano R, Uva P, Loviselli A, Velluzzi F, Manzin A. Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122436. [PMID: 35745166 PMCID: PMC9227524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) and 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 healthy younger controls (CTLs). In addition, the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to the GM phenotype was assessed by comparing a subgroup of seven centenarian parents (CPAR) with a paired cohort of centenarians’ offspring (COFF). The analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was identified as the main biomarker in CENT, together with its members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia and Akkermansia muciniphila. In NON, the strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium, while in CTLs were related to the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides and Bacteroides spp. Intestinal microbiota of CPAR and COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa and clinical and lifestyle data, especially with Mediterranean diet adherence, were observed. We observed a harmonically balanced intestinal community structure in which the increase in taxa associated with intestinal health would limit and counteract the action of potentially pathogenic bacterial species in centenarians. The GM of long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, as confirmed by functional analysis. The GM analysis of centenarians’ offspring suggest that genetics and environmental factors act synergistically as a multifactorial cause in the modulation of GM towards a phenotype similar to that of centenarians, although these findings need to be confirmed by larger study cohorts and by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Palmas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (S.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (S.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Veronica Madau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (S.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Emanuela Casula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (S.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, 09134 Pula, Italy;
| | - Paolo Uva
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (A.L.); (F.V.)
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (S.P.); (V.M.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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32
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Lucarini E, Di Pilato V, Parisio C, Micheli L, Toti A, Pacini A, Bartolucci G, Baldi S, Niccolai E, Amedei A, Rossolini GM, Nicoletti C, Cryan JF, O'Mahony SM, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Visceral sensitivity modulation by faecal microbiota transplantation: the active role of gut bacteria in pain persistence. Pain 2022; 163:861-877. [PMID: 34393197 PMCID: PMC9009324 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent findings linked gastrointestinal disorders characterized by abdominal pain to gut microbiota composition. The present work aimed to evaluate the power of gut microbiota as a visceral pain modulator and, consequently, the relevance of its manipulation as a therapeutic option in reversing postinflammatory visceral pain persistence. Colitis was induced in mice by intrarectally injecting 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The effect of faecal microbiota transplantation from viscerally hypersensitive DNBS-treated and naive donors was evaluated in control rats after an antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion. Faecal microbiota transplantation from DNBS donors induced a long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity in control rats. Pain threshold trend correlated with major modifications in the composition of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids. By contrast, no significant alterations of colon histology, permeability, and monoamines levels were detected. Finally, by manipulating the gut microbiota of DNBS-treated animals, a counteraction of persistent visceral pain was achieved. The present results provide novel insights into the relationship between intestinal microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M. O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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García-Sanmartín J, Bobadilla M, Mirpuri E, Grifoll V, Pérez-Clavijo M, Martínez A. Agaricus Mushroom-Enriched Diets Modulate the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Reduce Brain Oxidative Stress in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040695. [PMID: 35453380 PMCID: PMC9026521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases pose a major problem for developed countries, and stress has been identified as one of the main risk factors in the development of these disorders. Here, we have examined the protective properties against brain oxidative stress of two diets supplemented with 5% (w/w) of Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) or Agaricus bisporus brunnescens (Portobello mushroom) in mice. These diets did not modify the weight gain of the animals when compared to those fed with a regular diet, even after feeding on them for 15 weeks. The long-term modification of the microbiota after 12 weeks on the diets was investigated. At the phylum level, there was a large increase of Verrucomicrobia and a reduction of Cyanobacteria associated with the mushroom diets. No changes were observed in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, whose stability is a marker for a healthy diet. At the family level, three groups presented significant variations. These included Akkermansiaceae and Tannerellaceae, which significantly increased with both diets; and Prevotellaceae, which significantly decreased with both diets. These bacteria participate in the generation of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and provide a link between the microbiota and the brain. Mice subjected to restraint stress showed an upregulation of Il-6, Nox-2, and Hmox-1 expression; a reduction in the enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase; and an increase in lipid peroxidation in their brains. All these parameters were significantly prevented by feeding for 3 weeks on the Agaricus-supplemented diets. In summary, the supplementation of a healthy diet with Agaricus mushrooms may significantly contribute to prevent neurodegenerative diseases in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune García-Sanmartín
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Miriam Bobadilla
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eduardo Mirpuri
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Vanessa Grifoll
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH), 26560 Autol, Spain; (V.G.); (M.P.-C.)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Clavijo
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH), 26560 Autol, Spain; (V.G.); (M.P.-C.)
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941-278-775
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ROS-responsive thioketal-linked alginate/chitosan carriers for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:70-82. [PMID: 35351547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A colon-specific carrier that can protect drugs from the destruction in the gastrointestinal tract is critical for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). In this study, chitosan was cross-linked by the thioketal (TK) bond to serve as a ROS-sensitive core of microspheres. Then the chitosan core was coated with an alginate shell. The alginate/chitosan microspheres can protect puerarin against the destruction and elimination in the gastrointestinal tract and release puerarin at the lesion sites in large quantities. The microspheres were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling study showed that microspheres would shrink in an acidic environment. The in vitro release analysis indicated that little puerarin was released at gastric pH but burst release was observed in simulated colonic fluid containing H2O2. Fluorescent tracer revealed that the fluorescence of microspheres lasted up to 30 h in the colon, which was beneficial to prolong the action time between puerarin and colon. The in vivo studies indicated that puerarin-loaded microspheres are more effective in the treatment of IBS-D than free puerarin. Altogether, the ROS-responsive alginate/chitosan microspheres may be a promising strategy for IBS-D.
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Nemchenko UM, Grigorova EV, Pogodina AV, Belkova NL, Voropaeva NM, Romanitsa AI, Grigoryeva EA, Savelkaeva MV, Rychkova LV. The relationship between the composition of the microbiota and functional intestinal disorders in obese adolescents. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:106-109. [PMID: 35192757 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-106-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children and adolescents are one of the most common pathologies of the digestive tract. The aim of the study was to study the structure of the colon microbiota in obese adolescents and to establish its relationship with the clinical manifestations of the disease FGIDs. The study included 20 adolescents aged 11-17 years. The main group included 13 adolescents with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of obesity (the standard deviation of the body mass index (SDS BMI) is more than 2,0) in combination with FGIDs. The control group consisted of 7 adolescents with normal body weight and no abdominal complaints (SDS BMI=0,66). Clinical symptoms from the bowel re diagnosed on the basis of the Rome IV. The consistency of feces was evaluated using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. The study of biological material was carried out by standard bacteriological methods. It is shown that in adolescents with obesity and FGIDs, there is a decrease in the concentration of representatives of bifidoflora, an increase in the microbial density of Escherichia coli with altered properties and an excessive growth of potentially pathogenic enterobacteria. It is established that the presence of conditionally pathogenic bacteria is sem. Enterobacteriaceae is associated with abdominal pain during defecation. In obese adolescents in the group with unformed stools, Clostridium spp was recorded as part of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Nemchenko
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - E V Grigorova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - A V Pogodina
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - N L Belkova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - N M Voropaeva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - A I Romanitsa
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - E A Grigoryeva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - M V Savelkaeva
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - L V Rychkova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
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Tikunov AY, Shvalov AN, Morozov VV, Babkin IV, Seledtsova GV, Voloshina IO, Ivanova IP, Bardasheva AV, Morozova VV, Vlasov VV, Tikunova NV. Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 25:864-873. [PMID: 35083405 PMCID: PMC8753531 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Tikunov
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. N. Shvalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor
| | - V. V. Morozov
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - I. V. Babkin
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - I. O. Voloshina
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - A. V. Bardasheva
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V. V. Morozova
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V. V. Vlasov
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N. V. Tikunova
- Institute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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Alterations in Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Increased Probiotic Abundance with Daily Supplementation. mSystems 2021; 6:e0121521. [PMID: 34726487 PMCID: PMC8562475 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01215-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements and stool consistency. As such, the gut microbiome has been posited as being influential for the syndrome. However, identifying microbial features associated with IBS symptom heterogeneity is difficult without large cohorts. Our aim was to identify microbial features associated with IBS and IBS subtypes compared to healthy controls and to determine if a synbiotic supplementation intervention could decrease the proportion of those microbial features. Stool samples from 490 individuals with IBS (including all dominant subtypes) and 122 individuals without IBS were analyzed with metagenomic sequencing. One hundred thirty-four IBS subjects were followed over time while receiving daily synbiotic supplementation, the composition of which varied between participants. IBS participants had significantly lower alpha diversity, an enrichment in Gram-negative bacteria, and a reduction in pathways associated with short-chain fatty acid and vitamin synthesis. Shigella species were significantly associated with IBS, while Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were associated with healthy controls. Random forest identified unique and overlapping microbial features associated with each IBS subtype. Longitudinal assessment of 134 IBS subjects receiving synbiotic supplements demonstrated a significant difference in microbial features and an increase in probiotic abundance across time. We identified microbial features that differentiate healthy and IBS subtypes. Synbiotic supplementation in IBS subjects did not result in alpha diversity change in the microbiome but did demonstrate changes in microbial features. Future work is needed to determine if the observed microbiome changes are associated with IBS symptom improvement. IMPORTANCE An estimated 35 million people in the United States and 11.5% of the population globally are affected by IBS. Immunity, genetics, environment, diet, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and the gut microbiome are all factors that contribute to the onset or triggers of IBS. With strong supporting evidence that the gut microbiome may influence symptoms associated with IBS, elucidating the important microbes that contribute to the symptoms and severity is important to make decisions for targeted treatment. As probiotics have become more common in treating IBS symptoms, identifying effective probiotics may help inform future studies and treatment.
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Tang HY, Jiang AJ, Wang XY, Wang H, Guan YY, Li F, Shen GM. Uncovering the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome by exploring the gut-brain axis: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1187. [PMID: 34430628 PMCID: PMC8350700 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To improve the pathophysiological understanding of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by exploring the gut-brain axis. Background Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in which alterations in bowel functions occur. IBS, which is one of the most studied DGBIs, is linked with abdominal distress or pain without obvious structural or biochemical anomalies. Methods The etiology of IBS has not been clearly described but is known to be multifactorial, involving GI motility changes, post-infectious reactivity, visceral hypersensitivity, gut-brain interactions, microbiota dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, food sensitivity, carbohydrate malabsorption, and intestinal inflammation. Conclusions One of the main features of IBS is the occurrence of structural and functional disruptions in the gut-brain axis, which alter reflective and perceptual nervous system reactions. Herein, we provide a brief summary of this topic. Furthermore, we discuss animal models, which are important in the study of IBS, especially as it is linked with stressors. These animal models cannot fully represent the human disease but serve as important tools for understanding this complicated disorder. In the future, technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip models and metabolomics, will provide novel information regarding the pathophysiology of IBS, which will play an important role in treatment development. Finally, we take a brief glance at how acupuncture treatments may hold potential for patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yong Tang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ai-Juan Jiang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-Yang Wang
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Naseri K, Dabiri H, Rostami-Nejad M, Yadegar A, Houri H, Olfatifar M, Sadeghi A, Saadati S, Ciacci C, Iovino P, Zali MR. Influence of low FODMAP-gluten free diet on gut microbiota alterations and symptom severity in Iranian patients with irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2021. [PMID: 34261437 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01868-5.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently, dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates (a low-FODMAP diet) in combination with a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been proposed to reduce the symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Different studies reported that IBS has been associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Additionally, a few studies have reported inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) system of adults with IBS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low FODMAP-gluten free diet (LF-GFD) on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota diversity, and fecal calprotectin (FC) level in Iranian patients with IBS. DESIGN In this clinical trial study, 42 patients with IBS (Rome IV criteria) underwent LF-GFD intervention for 6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the IBS symptom severity scoring (IBS-SSS), and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed by quantitative 16 S rRNA PCR assay. The diversity of gut microbiota compared before and after 6 weeks of dietary intervention. FC was also analyzed by the ELISA method. RESULTS Thirty patients (mean age 37.8 ± 10.7 years) completed the 6-week diet. The IBS-SSS was significantly (P = 0.001) reduced after LF-GFD intervention compared to the baseline. Significant microbial differences before and after intervention were noticed in fecal samples. A significant increase was found in Bacteroidetes, and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly (P = 0.001) decreased after the dietary intervention. The value of FC was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of dietary intervention (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that patients with IBS under an LF-GFD had a significant improvement in IBS symptoms severity, with reduced FC level following normalization of their gut microbiota composition. Further rigorous trials are needed to establish a long-term efficacy and safety of this dietary intervention for personalized nutrition in IBS. Clinical Trial Registry Number: IRCT20100524004010N26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Naseri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeede Saadati
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Iovino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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40
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Naseri K, Dabiri H, Rostami-Nejad M, Yadegar A, Houri H, Olfatifar M, Sadeghi A, Saadati S, Ciacci C, Iovino P, Zali MR. Influence of low FODMAP-gluten free diet on gut microbiota alterations and symptom severity in Iranian patients with irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 34261437 PMCID: PMC8278734 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently, dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates (a low-FODMAP diet) in combination with a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been proposed to reduce the symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Different studies reported that IBS has been associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Additionally, a few studies have reported inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) system of adults with IBS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low FODMAP-gluten free diet (LF-GFD) on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota diversity, and fecal calprotectin (FC) level in Iranian patients with IBS. DESIGN In this clinical trial study, 42 patients with IBS (Rome IV criteria) underwent LF-GFD intervention for 6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the IBS symptom severity scoring (IBS-SSS), and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed by quantitative 16 S rRNA PCR assay. The diversity of gut microbiota compared before and after 6 weeks of dietary intervention. FC was also analyzed by the ELISA method. RESULTS Thirty patients (mean age 37.8 ± 10.7 years) completed the 6-week diet. The IBS-SSS was significantly (P = 0.001) reduced after LF-GFD intervention compared to the baseline. Significant microbial differences before and after intervention were noticed in fecal samples. A significant increase was found in Bacteroidetes, and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly (P = 0.001) decreased after the dietary intervention. The value of FC was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of dietary intervention (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that patients with IBS under an LF-GFD had a significant improvement in IBS symptoms severity, with reduced FC level following normalization of their gut microbiota composition. Further rigorous trials are needed to establish a long-term efficacy and safety of this dietary intervention for personalized nutrition in IBS. Clinical Trial Registry Number: IRCT20100524004010N26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Naseri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeede Saadati
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Iovino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Y, Li W, Yang H, Zhang X, Wang W, Jia S, Xiang B, Wang Y, Miao L, Zhang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Song J, Sun Y, Chai L, Tian X. Leveraging 16S rRNA Microbiome Sequencing Data to Identify Bacterial Signatures for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:645951. [PMID: 34178718 PMCID: PMC8231010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.645951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort. Previous studies have illustrated that the gut microbiota might play a critical role in IBS, but the conclusions of these studies, based on various methods, were almost impossible to compare, and reproducible microorganism signatures were still in question. To cope with this problem, previously published 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 439 fecal samples, including 253 IBS samples and 186 control samples, were collected and processed with a uniform bioinformatic pipeline. Although we found no significant differences in community structures between IBS and healthy controls at the amplicon sequence variants (ASV) level, machine learning (ML) approaches enabled us to discriminate IBS from healthy controls at genus level. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was subsequently used to seek out 97 biomarkers across all studies. Then, we quantified the standardized mean difference (SMDs) for all significant genera identified by LEfSe and ML approaches. Pooled results showed that the SMDs of nine genera had statistical significance, in which the abundance of Lachnoclostridium, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Prevotella 9, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in IBS were higher, while the dominant abundance genera of healthy controls were Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Holdemanella, Coprococcus 2, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. In summary, based on six published studies, this study identified nine new microbiome biomarkers of IBS, which might be a basis for understanding the key gut microbes associated with IBS, and could be used as potential targets for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sitong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Xiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Le Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Le Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin, China
| | - Jixiang Song
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Le Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Le Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Xi L, Song Y, Han J, Qin X. Microbiome analysis reveals the significant changes in gut microbiota of diarrheic Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri). Microb Pathog 2021; 157:105015. [PMID: 34062226 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play multiple crucial roles in immunity, physiology, metabolism, and health maintenance. Diarrhea was closely related to the gut microbiota, but information regarding the alterations in gut microbial composition and structure in Baer's Pochard (Aythya baeri) with diarrhea remains scarce. Here, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed to investigate the gut microbial variability between diarrheic and healthy Baer's Pochard. Results indicated that the gut bacterial community of diarrheic Baer's Pochard showed a distinct decrease in alpha diversity, accompanied by evident changes in taxonomic compositions. Microbial taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in all the fecal samples regardless of health status. At the genus level, the differences in gut bacterial abundance between healthy and diarrheic populations were gradually observed. Specifically, the proportion of Elusimicrobia in the diarrheic Baer's Pochard was increased in comparison with healthy populations, while Acidobacteria, Rokubacteria, Cyanobacteria and Patescibacteria were dramatically decreased. Additionally, the relative proportion of 23 bacterial genera significantly decreased in diarrheic Baer's Pochard, whereas the relative percentage of 4 bacterial genera (Alkanindiges, Elusimicrobium, Spirosoma and Exiguobacterium) observably increased as compared to healthy populations. Taken together, the present study revealed that there were distinct differences in the gut microbial composition and diversity between the healthy and diarrheic Baer's Pochard. Remarkably, this is the first report on the differences in the gut microbiota of Baer's Pochard under different health states and may contribute to provide better insight into gut microbial composition and diversity of Baer's Pochard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xi
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China.
| | - Yumin Song
- Linyi Agricultural Science and Technology Career Academy, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Xinxi Qin
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China.
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Xi L, Song Y, Qin X, Han J, Chang YF. Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Alternations in Gut Microbiota of Diarrheal Giraffa camelopardalis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:649372. [PMID: 34124218 PMCID: PMC8192810 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.649372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ruminant gut microbial community's importance has been widely acknowledged due to its positive roles in physiology, metabolism, and health maintenance. Diarrhea has been demonstrated to cause adverse effects on gastrointestinal health and intestinal microecosystem, but studies regarding diarrheal influence on gut microbiota in Giraffa camelopardalis have been insufficient to date. Here, this study was performed to investigate and compare gut microbial composition and variability between healthy and diarrheic G. camelopardalis. The results showed that the gut microbial community of diarrheal G. camelopardalis displayed a significant decrease in alpha diversity, accompanied by distinct alterations in taxonomic compositions. Bacterial taxonomic analysis indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes) and genera (Escherichia Shigella and Acinetobacter) of both groups were the same but different in relative abundance. Specifically, the proportion of Proteobacteria in the diarrheal G. camelopardalis was increased as compared with healthy populations, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Spirochaetes were significantly decreased. Moreover, the relative abundance of one bacterial genus (Comamonas) dramatically increased in diarrheic G. camelopardalis, whereas the relative richness of 18 bacterial genera decreased compared with healthy populations. Among them, two bacterial genera (Ruminiclostridium_5 and Blautia) cannot be detected in the gut bacterial community of diarrheal G. camelopardalis. In summary, this study demonstrated that diarrhea could significantly change the gut microbial composition and diversity in G. camelopardalis by increasing the proportion of pathogenic to beneficial bacteria. Moreover, this study first characterized the distribution of gut microbial communities in G. camelopardalis with different health states. It contributed to providing a theoretical basis for establishing a prevention and treatment system for G. camelopardalis diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xi
- Department of Animal Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yumin Song
- Linyi Agricultural Science and Technology Career Academy, Linyi, China
| | - Xinxi Qin
- Department of Animal Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- Department of Animal Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Development and Application of Green Feed Additives, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, United States
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Rogers AE, Hu YJ, Yue Y, Wissel EF, Petit III RA, Jarrett S, Christie J, Read TD. Shiftwork, functional bowel symptoms, and the microbiome. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11406. [PMID: 34026361 PMCID: PMC8121053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are about 15 million Americans working full-time on evening, night, or rotating shifts. Between 48% and 81.9% of those working rotating or night shifts report abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms of functional bowel disorders. The basis for this high prevalence of functional bowel disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among shift workers is unknown. Animal studies, however, suggest that circadian disruption, similar to that in shift workers, may contribute to the development of GI complaints among shift workers by altering the composition and normal diurnal rhythmicity of the resident intestinal microbes. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine if there were differences in (1) composition and diversity of the microbiome of night shift workers compared to day shift workers; and (2) the composition and diversity of the microbiome among shift workers experiencing functional bowel symptoms compared to shift workers who did not experience functional bowel symptoms. METHODS Fifty-one full time staff nurses who worked either 12-hour day or night shifts completed demographic information, and the Rome III IBS module. They also collected two samples of gut microbiota before the beginning and at the end of their last work shift on day 14, using validated field-tested methods consistent with the Human Microbiome Project. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA sequencing and assignment to the genus level was completed, samples were then compared to determine if there were (1) differences in the diversity and profile of the microbiome by shift type; (2) if there were differences in the microbiome by time of day for collection; and (3) whether there were differences in the diversity and profile of the microbiome of nurses with IBS and those without IBS. RESULTS There were no differences in alpha or beta diversity of gut microbiota when specimens from day and night shift nurses were compared. There were however marginal differences in beta diversity when specimens collected at the beginning and end of the shifts were compared, with seven OTUs being differentially abundant when collected from day shift workers in the evening. There were also three OTUs to be differentially abundant in participants reporting IBS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Rogers
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Yi-Juan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ye Yue
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Emily F. Wissel
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Petit III
- Investigational Clinical Microbiology Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Simone Jarrett
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Christie
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Wu H, Chen Q, Liu J, Chen X, Luo H, Ye Z, Liu J. Microbiome analysis reveals gut microbiota alteration in mice with the effect of matrine. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104926. [PMID: 33964419 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence revealed the negative effects of abuse of antibiotic including the induction of decreased immunity and dysbacteriosis. Matrine displayed multiple beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial, but studies of its influence on gut microbiota are still insufficient to report. Here, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of matrine on the gut microbiota of mice and amoxicillin was used as a positive control. A total of 21 cecal samples were obtained from seven groups for high-throughput sequencing analysis based on V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes. Results revealed that the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in mice gradually decreased with the increase of the concentration of amoxicillin, whereas matrine administration did not effect the intestinal microbial community structure. Additionally, amoxicillin and matrine supplementation also caused significant changes in the relative abundance of some intestinal bacteria. Specifically, the ratio of Klebsiella and Corynebacterium_1, Bacteroides and Parasutterella in the amoxicillin treated-group were increased as compared to the control group, whereas Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alistipes and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased. Conversely, matrine administration significantly increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium_9, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified. In conclusion, amoxicillin administration could change the microbial community composition and structure by increasing the proportion of pathogenic to beneficial bacteria, whereas matrine could increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical basis for finding alternatives to antibiotics to decrease bacterial resistance and intestinal flora imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Wu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jinni Liu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Houqiang Luo
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhaowei Ye
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Xinyang Agriculture And Forestry University, Xinyang, China
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47
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Wu M, Yi D, Zhang Q, Wu T, Yu K, Peng M, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y, Wu G. Puerarin enhances intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6552. [PMID: 33753826 PMCID: PMC7985190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported to be an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, but the potential effect of puerarin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether puerarin could alleviate intestinal injury in piglets infected with PEDV. A PEDV (Yunnan province strain) infection model was applied to 7-day-old piglets at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Piglets were orally administered with puerarin at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight from day 5 to day 9. On day 9 of the trial, piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV. Three days later, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. Results showed puerarin reduced morbidity of piglets infected with PEDV. In addition, puerarin reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as protein abundances of heat shock protein-70 in PEDV-infected piglets. Moreover, puerarin increased D-xylose concentration but decreased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the plasma of piglets infected with PEDV. Puerarin increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, while decreasing the activities of myeloperoxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in both the intestine and plasma of PEDV-infected piglets. Puerarin decreased mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase omega 2 but increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, puerarin increased the abundance of total eubacteria (16S rRNA), Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus and Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine, but reduced the abundance of Clostridium coccoides in the caecum. These data indicate puerarin improved intestinal function in piglets infected by PEDV and may be a promising supplement for the prevention of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Avelar Rodriguez D, Popov J, Ratcliffe EM, Toro Monjaraz EM. Functional Constipation and the Gut Microbiome in Children: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Pediatr 2021; 8:595531. [PMID: 33553067 PMCID: PMC7856458 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.595531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation is a common condition in childhood with significant impact on patients' quality of life and on health care resources. Functional constipation is characterized by decreased bowel movements and/or hard stools, which cause significant distress for children and their caregivers. While the term "functional" may imply the absence of organic causes with a focus on behavioral aspects, 40% of children continue to have symptoms beyond conventional management with one in four children continuing to experience constipation into adulthood. The refractory and chronic nature of constipation highlights the importance of considering a range of pathophysiological mechanisms, including the potential role of the gut microbiome. In this review, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that focus on the potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiome might contribute to the clinical presentation of functional constipation in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Avelar Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jelena Popov
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elyanne M. Ratcliffe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erick Manuel Toro Monjaraz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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Singh P, Rawat A, Alwakeel M, Sharif E, Al Khodor S. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a gut microbiota modifier in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21641. [PMID: 33303854 PMCID: PMC7729960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency affects approximately 80% of individuals in some countries and has been linked with gut dysbiosis and inflammation. While the benefits of vitamin D supplementation on the gut microbiota have been studied in patients with chronic diseases, its effects on the microbiota of otherwise healthy individuals is unclear. Moreover, whether effects on the microbiota can explain some of the marked inter-individual variation in responsiveness to vitamin D supplementation is unknown. Here, we administered vitamin D to 80 otherwise healthy vitamin D-deficient women, measuring serum 25(OH) D levels in blood and characterizing their gut microbiota pre- and post- supplementation using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity. Specifically, the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio increased, along with the abundance of the health-promoting probiotic taxa Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. Significant variations in the two-dominant genera, Bacteroides and Prevotella, indicated a variation in enterotypes following supplementation. Comparing supplementation responders and non-responders we found more pronounced changes in abundance of major phyla in responders, and a significant decrease in Bacteroides acidifaciens in non-responders. Altogether, our study highlights the positive impact of vitamin D supplementation on the gut microbiota and the potential for the microbial gut signature to affect vitamin D response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arun Rawat
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Elham Sharif
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Koumbi L, Giouleme O, Vassilopoulou E. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Irritable Bowel Disease: Looking for the Culprits. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa176. [PMID: 33442571 PMCID: PMC7788486 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 30 y, a gluten-free diet has been classified among the most popular fad diets mainly due to the ambiguous notion that gluten avoidance promotes health. Gluten intolerance has been implicated in non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 2 disorders with overlapping symptoms and increasing trend. Together with gluten, other wheat components; fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAPs); and amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), are implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. Gut microflora alterations in IBS and NCGS have been described, while microbiota manipulations have been shown to be promising in some IBS cases. This literature review summarizes our current knowledge on the impact of wheat ingredients (gluten, FODMAPs, and ATIs) in IBS and NCGS. In both disorders, FODMAPs and ATIs trigger gut dysbiosis, suggesting that gluten may not be the culprit, and microbiota manipulations can be applied in diagnostic and intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonica Koumbi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University (IHU), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Giouleme
- Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University (IHU), Thessaloniki, Greece
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