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Krishnamurthy HK, Rajavelu I, Pereira M, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Inside the genome: understanding genetic influences on oxidative stress. Front Genet 2024; 15:1397352. [PMID: 38983269 PMCID: PMC11231378 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1397352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetics is a key factor that governs the susceptibility to oxidative stress. In the body, oxidative burden is regulated by the balance between the prooxidant genes that orchestrate processes that produce oxidant species, while the antioxidant genes aid those involved in scavenging these species. Together, the two components aid in maintaining the oxidative balance in the body. Genetic variations can influence the expression and activity of the encoded proteins which can then affect their efficiency in regulating redox processes, thereby increasing the risk of oxidative stress. This review studies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that bear relevance to oxidative stress by exploring the variations in the prooxidant genes, such as XDH, CYBA, CYP1A1, PTGS2, NOS, and MAO and antioxidant genes including SOD, CAT, GPX, GSS, GLUL, GSR, GSTM1, GSTM5, GSTP1, TXN and HMOX1. Early identification of individuals at the increased risk of oxidative stress is possible from the assessment of sequence of these genes. Integrating genetic insights into oxidative stress management measures can pave the way for personalized medicine that tailors' healthcare approaches to individual genetic profiles. Effective genetic assessment along with routine quantification of biological markers can improve and monitor treatment strategies, enhancing mitigation approaches that maintain cellular health and promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
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Tang X, Lai CH, Malhi NK, Chadha R, Luo Y, Liu X, Yuan D, Tapia A, Abdollahi M, Zhang G, Calandrelli R, Shiu YT, Wang ZV, Rhee JW, Zhong S, Natarajan R, Chen ZB. Genetic Deletion of the LINC00520 Homolog in Mouse Aggravates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37218991 PMCID: PMC10204496 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease that is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Apart from genetic predisposition, the mechanisms involved in this disease have yet to be fully understood. We previously reported that LEENE (lncRNA enhancing endothelial nitric oxide expression, transcribed from LINC00520 in the human genome) regulates endothelial cell (EC) function by promoting the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Mice with genetic deletion of the LEENE/LINC00520 homologous region exhibited impaired angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in a diabetic hindlimb ischemia model. However, the role of LEENE in blood pressure regulation is unknown. (2) Methods: We subjected mice with genetic ablation of leene and wild-type littermates to Angiotensin II (AngII) and monitored their blood pressure and examined their hearts and kidneys. We used RNA-sequencing to identify potential leene-regulated molecular pathways in ECs that contributed to the observed phenotype. We further performed in vitro experiments with murine and human ECs and ex vivo experiments with murine aortic rings to validate the select mechanism. (3) Results: We identified an exacerbated hypertensive phenotype of leene-KO mice in the AngII model, evidenced by higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At the organ level, we observed aggravated hypertrophy and fibrosis in the heart and kidney. Moreover, the overexpression of human LEENE RNA, in part, restored the signaling pathways impaired by leene deletion in murine ECs. Additionally, Axitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR suppresses LEENE in human ECs. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests LEENE as a potential regulator in blood pressure control, possibly through its function in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Lai
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 40705, Taiwan
| | - Naseeb K. Malhi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rahuljeet Chadha
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dongqiang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Riccardo Calandrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Zhao V. Wang
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Cotta Filho CK, Oliveira-Paula GH, Rondon Pereira VC, Lacchini R. Clinically relevant endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and their impact on drug response. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:927-951. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1804857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Cozma A, Fodor A, Orasan OH, Vulturar R, Samplelean D, Negrean V, Muresan C, Suharoschi R, Sitar-Taut A. Pharmacogenetic Implications of eNOS Polymorphisms ( Glu298Asp, T786C, 4b/4a) in Cardiovascular Drug Therapy. In Vivo 2019; 33:1051-1058. [PMID: 31280192 PMCID: PMC6689342 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3 or eNOS) is the enzyme responsible for the highest production of nitric oxide, with the greatest impact on the cardiovascular system, encoded by the eNOS gene, which presents various polymorphisms. ENOS gene polymorphisms play an important role in the response to drugs affecting nitric oxide (NO) signaling. This review discusses the pharmacogenetic impact of eNOS polymorphisms on the response to drugs affecting NO activity: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, calcium blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and statins. The identification of biomarkers that accurately predict particular phenotypes is a challenge that needs additional large studies, in different populations. Efforts should be oriented towards a more accurate evaluation of the effects of eNOS genetic variants on biochemical parameters reflecting eNOS gene expression and enzymatic activity, in different diseases, as well as following drug treatment. This approach will allow for a better understanding of the role of eNOS genetic variants in cardiovascular disease progression and for cardiovascular drug therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cozma
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Fodor
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorel Samplelean
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Negrean
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Muresan
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Food Science &Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Food Science &Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Sitar-Taut
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Amrani-Midoun A, Kiando SR, Treard C, Jeunemaitre X, Bouatia-Naji N. Genetic association study between T-786C NOS3 polymorphism and essential hypertension in an Algerian population of the Oran city. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1317-1320. [PMID: 31336484 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Important candidate genes such as NOS3 gene have been widely studied and reported to be associated with essential hypertension (HTN) in human populations. AIM We aim in this study to analyze the relationship between NOS3 -786T/C, a common genetic variant and HTN in a sample of the Algerian population of the Oran city. METHODS A case-control study has been performed in 154 subjects including 77 hypertensives and 77 normotensives. The recruitment of these subjects was done in local Health Centers of the city of Oran, West Algeria. HTN was defined as elevated systolic blood pressure SBD≥140 mmHg and or sustained diastolic blood pressure DBP≥90 mmHg, measured using an Omron® Automatic BP Monitor - M-3W machine. Consents were obtained from all participants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype the NOS -786T/C variant. RESULTS The distribution of the allelic frequencies did not differ between cases and controls (OR = 1.48; 95%CI [0.94-2.32], P = 0.09). However, after adjustment with the age, sex, and body mass index, we observed significant association between NOS -786C allele and HTN status (OR = 2.08; 95%CI [1.18-3.66], P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the C allele of the NOS3 gene is associated with increased risk of essential hypertension in this sample of the Algerian population of the Oran city. Further validation in larger samples is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Amrani-Midoun
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algeria.
| | - Soto Romuald Kiando
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Cyrielle Treard
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
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Luizon MR, Pereira DA, Tanus-Santos JE. Pharmacogenetic relevance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and gene interactions. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:1423-1435. [PMID: 30398085 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is a key enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation in the vascular endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by reduced NO production, and is a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases. Drugs with cardiovascular action may activate NOS3 and result in NO release and vasodilation. Moreover, genetic variations affect NOS3 expression and activity, and may partially explain the variability in the responses to cardiovascular drugs. We reviewed NO signaling and genetic effects on NO formation, and the effects of NOS3 polymorphisms, haplotypes and gene-gene interactions within NO signaling pathways on the responses to cardiovascular drugs. We discuss the role of rare NOS3 variants and further gene-gene interactions analysis for the development of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R Luizon
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.,UFMG Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Pereira
- UFMG Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
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Zeng L, Pederson SM, Cao D, Qu Z, Hu Z, Adelson DL, Wei C. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Association of Transposable Elements with Gene Regulation Suggests that Alu Elements Have the Largest Overall Regulatory Impact. J Comput Biol 2018; 25:551-562. [DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Pederson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danfeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David L. Adelson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chaochun Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ellul J, Markoula S, Marousi S, Galidi A, Kyritsis AP, Papathanasopoulos P, Georgiou I. Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism G894T with functional outcome in acute stroke patients. Neurol Res 2013; 33:835-40. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132811y.0000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in a South Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1275-81. [PMID: 23108994 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex multi-factorial, polygenic disorder which results from an interaction between a person's genetic makeup and various environmental factors. Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator produced by endothelial cells, plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, regional blood flow and also inhibits platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. Our aim was to analyze the association of NOS3 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3) 894G>T and -786T>C gene polymorphisms and MI risk in the South Indian population. A total of 287 MI patients, 279 risk control patients and 321 healthy controls were recruited for the retrospective study. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There was no significant association observed between NOS3 894G>T, -786T>C polymorphisms and MI. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of GT genotype of the NOS3 894G>T polymorphism between the cases and the risk controls (p = 0.05) but the odds ratio (0.6) did not show risk for MI. The present study showed lack of association between NOS3 gene polymorphisms and MI in South Indian population.
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Polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) predict sunitinib-induced hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:503-10. [PMID: 22948895 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important side effect of sunitinib treatment. In a retrospective study in 255 patients, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were multivariately tested against hypertension grades and changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial BP (MAP). Next, the association between hypertension and survival in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) was studied. Greater elevations in SBP and MAP were associated with the presence of a haplotype in VEGFA (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036, respectively). The tendency to develop grade 3 hypertension was associated with this haplotype and also with a SNP in eNOS (P = 0.031 and P = 0.045, respectively). In mRCC patients, sunitinib-induced hypertension was found to confer a survival benefit, with the mean overall survival being prolonged by 7.2 months (P = 0.035 and P = 0.026 for SBP and DBP elevations, respectively). Genetic polymorphisms in VEGFA and eNOS independently predict rise in BP and/or development of severe hypertension in sunitinib-treated patients. Grade 3 hypertension was found to be an independent factor for overall survival in patients with mRCC.
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11
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Bristow MR. Pharmacogenetic targeting of drugs for heart failure. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Amici S, Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Caso V. Gene-drug interaction in stroke. Stroke Res Treat 2011; 2011:212485. [PMID: 22135769 PMCID: PMC3216369 DOI: 10.4061/2011/212485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third cause of mortality and one of most frequent causes of long-term neurological disability, as well as a complex disease that results from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The focus on genetics has produced a large number of studies with the objective of revealing the genetic basis of cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, pharmacogenetic research has investigated the relation between genetic variability and drug effectiveness/toxicity. This review will examine the implications of pharmacogenetics of stroke; data on antihypertensives, statins, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator will be illustrated.
Several polymorphisms have been studied and some have been associated with positive drug-gene interaction on stroke, but the superiority of the genotype-guided approach over the clinical approach has not been proved yet; for this reason, it is not routinely recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Amici
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Grontved A, Andersen LB, Franks PW, Verhage B, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U, Loos RJF, Brage S. NOS3 variants, physical activity, and blood pressure in the European Youth Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:444-50. [PMID: 21252862 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the influence of genetic variation in NOS3 on resting blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents from the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Because the NOS3 gene expression is altered by physical activity (PA), we also tested for interaction between habitual PA and NOS3 variants on BP. METHODS A cross-sectional, random sample of 8-10-year old children (n = 1,214) and 14-16-year old adolescents (n = 1,141) from Denmark and Estonia were genotyped for four NOS3 tagging polymorphisms (rs1800783, rs1799983 (Glu298Asp), rs3918227, rs743507). PA was measured objectively using a hip-mounted accelerometer and through self-reported bicycling and TV-viewing. Permutation testing was used to correct for multiple testing, yielding an α level of 0.006. RESULTS Glu298Asp showed age-group-dependent associations with BP. In adolescents, Asp298 allele homozygotes had 0.19 s.d. (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06; 0.13, P = 0.004) higher diastolic BP (DBP) and 0.25 s.d. (95% CI: 0.05; 0.46, P = 0.015) higher systolic BP (SBP), compared to Glu298 allele carriers. None of the three other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with BP in adolescents. In children, none of the SNPs were associated with BP. No evidence of interaction between Glu298Asp and objectively measured PA was observed. Both self-reported bicycling and TV-viewing nominally modified the association between Glu298Asp and BP in adolescents (P < 0.05), the genetic effect being most apparent in inactive individuals. However, none of the interactions persisted after correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS The NOS3 Glu298Asp variant may associate with resting BP in adolescence but not in childhood, an effect that could be modified by PA.
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Cooper-DeHoff RM, Handberg EM, Mancia G, Zhou Q, Champion A, Legler UF, Pepine CJ. INVEST revisited: review of findings from the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 7:1329-40. [PMID: 19900016 DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study (INVEST), a randomized trial of 22,576 predominantly elderly patients with an average 2.7-year follow-up, compared a calcium antagonist-led strategy (verapamil SR plus trandolapril) with a beta-blocker-led strategy (atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide) for hypertension treatment and prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in coronary artery disease patients. Patients received individualized dose and drug titration following a flexible, multi-drug, guideline-based treatment algorithm, with the objective of achieving optimal blood pressure (BP) control individualized for comorbidities (e.g., diabetes). The primary outcome (PO) was first occurrence of death (all-cause), nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke. The strategies resulted in significant and very similar BP reduction, with approximately 70% of patients in both strategies achieving BP control (<140/90 mmHg). Increasing number of office visits with BP in control was associated with reduced risk of the PO. Overall, there was no difference in the PO comparing the strategies; however, new-onset diabetes occurred more frequently in those assigned the atenolol strategy. This report summarizes findings from INVEST and puts them in perspective with our current state of knowledge derived from other large hypertension treatment trials. INVEST findings support that BP reduction is important for prevention of adverse cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and selection of antihypertensive agents should be based on patient comorbidities and other risk factors (e.g., risk for diabetes) and not necessarily that any one drug be given to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA.
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15
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Bautista LE. Genetic and pharmacogenetic associations between NOS3 polymorphisms, blood pressure, and cardiovascular events in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:697. [PMID: 19543305 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonelo E Bautista
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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