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An P, Zhao Q, Hao S, Wang X, Tian J, Ma Z. Recent Advancements and Trends of Topical Drug Delivery Systems in Psoriasis: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7631-7671. [PMID: 39099792 PMCID: PMC11296365 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease where topical therapy is crucial. While various dosage forms have enhanced the efficacy of current treatments, their limited permeability and lack of targeted delivery to the dermis and epidermis remain challenges. We reviewed the evolution of topical therapies for psoriasis and conducted a bibliometric analysis from 1993 to 2023 using a predictive linear regression model. This included a comprehensive statistical and visual evaluation of each model's validity, literature profiles, citation patterns, and collaborations, assessing R variance and mean squared error (MSE). Furthermore, we detailed the structural features and penetration pathways of emerging drug delivery systems for topical treatment, such as lipid-based, polymer-based, metallic nanocarriers, and nanocrystals, highlighting their advantages. This systematic overview indicates that future research should focus on developing novel drug delivery systems characterized by enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and drug-carrying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu An
- Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Zhao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtian Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Speeckaert R, Bulat V, Speeckaert MM, van Geel N. The Impact of Antioxidants on Vitiligo and Melasma: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2082. [PMID: 38136202 PMCID: PMC10740621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during melanogenesis make melanocytes particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, influencing their survival and melanin synthesis. Oxidative stress, significantly present in vitiligo and recently also detected in melasma, triggers inflammatory cascades and melanogenesis, making antioxidants a promising therapeutic avenue. A systematic search was conducted on Embase and Pubmed to study the efficacy of antioxidants for treating vitiligo and/or melasma. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the difference in Melasma Severity Index (MASI) scores between baseline and follow-up. Various antioxidants like polypodium leucotomos, ginkgo biloba, catalase/superoxide dismutase, and vitamin E have potential in vitiligo. For melasma, vitamin C, silymarin, and niacinamide were among those showing promise in reducing pigmentation, with vitamin C displaying significant effects in meta-analysis. Different antioxidants improve both vitiligo and melasma, with an increased minimal erythema dose (MED) following UV exposure being significant for vitiligo and tyrosinase inhibition being crucial for melasma. However, the efficacy of individual antioxidants varies, and their exact mechanisms, especially in stimulating melanocyte proliferation and anti-inflammatory pathways, require further investigation to understand better and optimize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vedrana Bulat
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ghodousi M, Karbasforooshan H, Arabi L, Elyasi S. Silymarin as a preventive or therapeutic measure for chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:15-38. [PMID: 36450892 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thus far, silymarin has been examined in several studies for prevention or treatment of various chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions. In this review, we try to collect all available human, animal, and pre-clinical data in this field. METHODS The search was done in Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and systematic reviews in the Cochrane database, using the following keywords: "Cancer," "Chemotherapy," "Radiotherapy," "Mucositis," "Nephrotoxicity," "Dermatitis," "Ototoxicity," "Cardiotoxicity," "Nephrotoxicity," "Hepatotoxicity," "Reproductive system," "Silybum marianum," "Milk thistle," and "Silymarin" and "Silybin." We included all relevant in vitro, in vivo, and human studies up to the date of publication. RESULTS Based on 64 included studies in this review, silymarin is considered a safe and well-tolerated compound, with no known clinical drug interaction. Notably, multiple adverse reactions of chemotherapeutic agents are effectively managed by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-immunomodulatory properties. Clinical trials suggest that oral silymarin may be a promising adjuvant with cancer treatments, particularly against hepatotoxicity (n = 10), nephrotoxicity (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 1), and mucositis (n = 3), whereas its topical formulation can be particularly effective against radiodermatitis (n = 2) and hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (n = 1). CONCLUSION Further studies are required to determine the optimal dose, duration, and the best formulation of silymarin to prevent and/or manage chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghodousi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hedyieh Karbasforooshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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In Vivo Radioprotective Potential of Newly Synthesized Azomethine and Styrylquinoline Derivatives and a Natural Polyphenol: A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030346. [PMID: 35330097 PMCID: PMC8954218 DOI: 10.3390/life12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the radioprotective activity of silymarin, a plant substance with hepatoprotective activity, of four newly synthesized structural derivatives of anthranilic acid azomethines, and alkyl-2-styrylquinolinic acid, as well as to establish and assess the influence of the solvent type and bioactive compound dose on the in vivo radioprotective potential of the natural and novel synthetic compounds. Male Wistar strain rats weighing 110–120 g were used for the in vivo experiments. Fifteen minutes after i.p. injection of the compounds, the experimental animals were irradiated by 8 Gy. Results indicate that the compound 2-{[(3,5-dihydro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylen] amino}-benzoic acid in a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight exhibited the highest radioprotective effect, whereas the natural extract silymarin did not manifest radioprotective potential, even in high doses.
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Parra A, Jarak I, Santos A, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Polymeric Micelles: A Promising Pathway for Dermal Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237278. [PMID: 34885432 PMCID: PMC8658125 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an area in great development and with application in the most varied fields of science, including cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Because conventional formulations for topical application are not always able to effectively penetrate the physical barrier that human skin exerts against factors and compounds of the external environment, polymeric micelles appear as alternative carriers for drugs and active ingredients delivery, also allowing ingredients with lower solubility and higher lipophilicity to be delivered. In fact, the augmented bioavailability of drugs, greater efficacy even at a lower dose, and selective drug delivery in specific organelles are very interesting advantages of the polymeric micelles usage in cutaneous application. As a consequence, they show a reduction in many of the local and systemic adverse effects, which might lead to an increase in patient compliance to the therapeutics, constituting a promising alternative to conventional topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parra
- Univ. of Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (I.J.); (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Univ. of Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (I.J.); (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Ana Santos
- Univ. of Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (I.J.); (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ. of Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (I.J.); (A.S.); (F.V.)
- Univ. of Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ. of Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (I.J.); (A.S.); (F.V.)
- Univ. of Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III-Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-488-431
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Chavoshy F, Zadeh BSM, Tamaddon AM, Anbardar MH. Delivery and Anti-Psoriatic Effect of Silibinin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles: An Experimental Study in the Psoriatic Skin Model. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:787-798. [PMID: 32703129 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200722141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis is an inflamed skin disorder associated with the activation of phosphorylation signals in keratinocytes, which leads to proliferation. Phosphorylation signal inhibitors, such as silibinin can inhibit cell proliferation. Unlike current psoriasis treatment approaches that are associated with dangerous side effects; natural components can introduce new trends in psoriasis treatment. The major problem in the topical treatment of psoriasis is drug localization through the psoriasis lesions. METHODS In this study, silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles prepared and characterized for drug loading and release and ex vivo permeation through psoriatic and normal mice skin. The optimized batch was used for the treatment of psoriasis lesions in the mice model. RESULTS The optimized batch demonstrated mean particle size 18.3 ± 2.1 nm, entrapment efficiency 75.8 ± 5.8%, and prolonged silibinin release. % Silibinin permeated through psoriatic skin after 48 treated by polymeric micelle and aqueous control was 80.35, and 92.6, respectively. Polymeric micelles increased silibinin localization in the psoriatic skin in comparison with control. In psoriatic skin after 7- 10 days treatment by silibinin- loaded polymeric micelle, there was no evidence of psoriasis and the histological evaluation showed no sign of psoriasis. Silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles reduced Psoriasis area index by more than 78% after 14 days. CONCLUSION It seems that polymeric micelles increased the effectiveness of silibinin by drug localization into the psoriatic plaque. Topical STAT- 3inhibitors can be introduced as a new strategy in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Chavoshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Center for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Center for
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tvrdý V, Pourová J, Jirkovský E, Křen V, Valentová K, Mladěnka P. Systematic review of pharmacokinetics and potential pharmacokinetic interactions of flavonolignans from silymarin. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2195-2246. [PMID: 33587317 DOI: 10.1002/med.21791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin is an extract from the seeds (fruits) of Silybum marianum that contains flavonolignans and flavonoids. Although it is frequently used as a hepatoprotective agent, its application remains somewhat debatable, in particular, due to the low oral bioavailability of flavonolignans. Moreover, there are claims of its potential interactions with concomitantly used drugs. This review aims at a systematic summary and critical assessment of known information on the pharmacokinetics of particular silymarin flavonolignans. There are two known major reasons for poor systemic oral bioavailability of flavonolignans: (1) rapid conjugation in intestinal cells or the liver and (2) efflux of parent flavonolignans or formed conjugates back to the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal cells and rapid excretion by the liver into the bile. The metabolism of phase I appears to play a minor role, in contrast to extensive conjugation and indeed the unconjugated flavonolignans reach low plasma levels after common doses. Only about 1%-5% of the administered dose is eliminated by the kidneys. Many in vitro studies tested the inhibitory potential of silymarin and its components toward different enzymes and transporters involved in the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics. In most cases, effective concentrations are too high to be relevant under real biological conditions. Most human studies showed no silymarin-drug interactions explainable by these suggested interferences. More interactions were found in animal studies, likely due to the much higher doses administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pourová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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8
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Karbasforooshan H, Hosseini S, Elyasi S, Fani Pakdel A, Karimi G. Topical silymarin administration for prevention of acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:379-386. [PMID: 30479044 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced dermatitis is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy. Silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from the Silybum marianum, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of silymarin gel in prevention of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer. During this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the preventive effect of silymarin 1% gel was assessed in comparison with placebo, on radiodermatitis occurrence. Forty patients randomly received silymarin gel or placebo formulation on chest wall skin following modified radical mastectomy, once daily starting at the first day of radiotherapy for 5 weeks. Radiodermatitis severity was assessed weekly based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) criteria radiodermatits grading scale for 5 weeks. The median NCI-CTCAE and RTOG scores were significantly lower in silymarin group at the end of the third to fifth weeks (p value < 0.05). The scores increased significantly in both placebo and silymarin groups during radiotherapy, but there was a delay in radiodermatitis development and progression in silymarin group. Prophylactic administration of silymarin gel could significantly reduce the severity of radiodermatitis and delay its occurrence after 5 weeks of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyieh Karbasforooshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sare Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Fani Pakdel
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kosina P, Paloncýová M, Svobodová AR, Zálešák B, Biedermann D, Ulrichová J, Vostálová J. Dermal Delivery of Selected Polyphenols from Silybum marianum. Theoretical and Experimental Study. Molecules 2018; 24:E61. [PMID: 30586949 PMCID: PMC6337146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is a well-known standardized extract from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L., Asteraceae) with a pleiotropic effect on human health, including skin anticancer potential. Detailed characterization of flavonolignans properties affecting interactions with human skin was of interest. The partition coefficients log Pow of main constitutive flavonolignans, taxifolin and their respective dehydro derivatives were determined by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and by mathematical (in silico) approaches in n-octanol/water and model lipid membranes. These parameters were compared with human skin intake ex vivo. The experimental log Pow values for individual diastereomers were estimated for the first time. The replacement of n-octanol with model lipid membranes in the theoretical lipophilicity estimation improved the prediction strength. During transdermal transport, all the studied compounds permeated the human skin ex vivo; none of them reached the acceptor liquid. Both experimental/theoretical tools allowed the studied polyphenols to be divided into two groups: low (taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin) vs. high (silybin, dehydrosilybin, isosilybin) lipophilicity and skin intake. In silico predictions can be usefully applied for estimating general lipophilicity trends, such as skin penetration or accumulation predictions. However, the theoretical models cannot yet provide the dermal delivery differences of compounds with very similar physico-chemical properties; e.g., between diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kosina
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Paloncýová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alena Rajnochová Svobodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohumil Zálešák
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Vostálová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Khoshnevisan K, Maleki H, Samadian H, Shahsavari S, Sarrafzadeh MH, Larijani B, Dorkoosh FA, Haghpanah V, Khorramizadeh MR. Cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery systems: Applications and recent advances. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Cocrystallization as a novel approach to enhance the transdermal administration of meloxicam. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:184-190. [PMID: 30031860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite its large effectiveness, the long-term oral administration of high doses of meloxicam (MLX) may lead to gastrointestinal events such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ulceration, hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal perforation. Moreover, the pH-dependent solubility of MLX makes the development of new oral formulations even more challenging. As an alternative to overcome these limitations, the transdermal delivery of this drug has been purposed. Although various physical and chemical approaches to enhance the absorption of MLX may be found in literature, the use of cocrystallization has not been reported so far. Cutaneous permeation of MLX and 1:1 meloxicam-salicylic acid cocrystal (MLX-SLC) were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Cocrystal was suspended in an aqueous solution and in a gel to evaluate the vehicle effect on permeation parameters. In aqueous medium, the cocrystallization showed to enhance the drug permeation coefficient from 1.38 to 2.15 × 10-3 cm/h. MLX-SLC generated supersaturation with respect to the drug during dissolution studies simulating the conditions in the Franz cell donor chamber. This greater amount of free drug in the solution could contribute to explain the higher transdermal absorption and shorter lag time of this system. In addition, the acidic coformer ionization led to a pH reduction from 7.4 to 5.8, which, in turn, provided an increase in the unionized species of the drug, enhancing its permeation rate. The gel containing cocrystals reduced MLX permeation rate significantly (P = 0.42 × 10-3 cm/h), which was attributed to its higher viscosity.
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12
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Silymarin loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: From design and dermatokinetic study to mechanistic analysis of epidermal drug deposition enhancement. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kalita B, Das MK. Rutin-phospholipid complex in polymer matrix for long-term delivery of rutin via skin for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:41-56. [PMID: 29226739 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1411931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The drug with poor oral bioavailability necessitates the development of novel carrier for efficient drug delivery. This paper reports the rutin-phospholipid complex in polymer matrix for sustained delivery of rutin via the skin for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Rutin in phospholipid complex (RNPs) are better soluble and permeable than the free rutin. The RNPs-loaded polymeric matrix patch with moderate adhesiveness was developed for convenient means of long term drug application on the skin. The patch was analysed for physicochemical properties, ex vivo skin permeability and in vivo efficacy in rat paw oedema model. The skin targeting efficacy was analysed by CLSM study. Optimized formulation (F2) showed 31 ± 2.32% and 26.56 ± 5.52% skin permeation at 24 h across excised rat skin and human cadaver skin, respectively. The sustained anti-inflammatory effect of the patch formulation in rat paw oedema model confirmed its unique in vivo efficacy over the conventional diclofenac gel. The CLSM study confirmed the localization of RNPs in the dermis for sustained anti-inflammatory effect. Our results suggest that the developed patch has a potential for long term site specific delivery of rutin in arthritic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupen Kalita
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dibrugarh University , Dibrugarh , India.,b Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Guwahati , India
| | - Malay K Das
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dibrugarh University , Dibrugarh , India
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Marchiori MCL, Rigon C, Copetti PM, Sagrillo MR, Cruz L. Nanoencapsulation Improves Scavenging Capacity and Decreases Cytotoxicity of Silibinin and Pomegranate Oil Association. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:3236-3246. [PMID: 28577126 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silibinin (SB) and pomegranate oil (PO) present therapeutic potential due to antioxidant activity, but the biological performance of both bioactives is limited by their low aqueous solubility. To overcome this issue, the aim of the present investigation was to develop nanocapsule suspensions with PO as oil core for SB encapsulation, as well as assess their toxicity in vitro and radical scavenging activity. The nanocapsule suspensions were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method. SB-loaded PO-based nanocapsules (SBNC) showed an average diameter of 157 ± 3 nm, homogenous size distribution, zeta potential of -14.1 ± 1.7 mV, pH of 5.6 ± 0.4 and SB content close to 100%. Similar results were obtained for the unloaded formulation (PONC). The nanocapsules controlled SB release at least 10 times as compared with free SB in methanolic solution. The SBNC scavenging capacity in vitro was statistically higher than free SB (p < 0.05). Cell viability in monocytes and lymphocytes was kept around 100% in the treatments with SBNC and PONC, while the SB and the PO caused a decrease around 30% at 50 μM (SB) and 724 μg/mL (PO). Protein carbonyls and DNA damage were minimized by SB and PO nanoencapsulation. Lipid peroxidation occurred in nanocapsule treatments regardless of the SB presence, which may be attributed to PO acting as substrate in reaction. The free compounds also caused lipid peroxidation. The results show that SBNC and PONC presented adequate physicochemical characteristics and low toxicity against human blood cells. Thereby, this novel nanocarrier may be a promising formulation for therapeutic applications.
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Elyasi S, Shojaee FSR, Allahyari A, Karimi G. Topical Silymarin Administration for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1323-1329. [PMID: 28635153 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a frequent dose-limiting adverse reaction of capecitabine in patient with gastrointestinal cancers. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the Silybum marianum that exhibits strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated silymarin efficacy in prevention of capecitabine-induced HFS in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, as the first human study. During this pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effect of silymarin gel 1%, which is applied on the palms and soles twice daily starting at the first day of chemotherapy for 9 weeks, on HFS occurrence was assessed. Forty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria assigned to the silymarin or placebo group. World Health Organization HFS grading scale scores were recorded at baseline and every 3 weeks during these 9 weeks. The median WHO HFS scores were significantly lower in silymarin group at the end of the 9th week (p < 0.05). The scores increased significantly in both placebo and silymarin groups during chemotherapy, but there was a delay for HFS development and progression in silymarin group. Prophylactic administration of silymarin topical formulation could significantly reduce the severity of capecitabine-induced HFS and delays its occurrence in patients with gastrointestinal cancer after 9 weeks of application. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shetty PK, Manikkath J, Tupally K, Kokil G, Hegde AR, Raut SY, Parekh HS, Mutalik S. Skin Delivery of EGCG and Silibinin: Potential of Peptide Dendrimers for Enhanced Skin Permeation and Deposition. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2346-2357. [PMID: 28124212 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the peptide dendrimers to facilitate transdermal delivery of antioxidants, silibinin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Drug-peptide dendrimer complexes were prepared and evaluated for their ability to permeate across the skin. The data revealed the ready formation of complexes between drug and peptide dendrimer in a molar ratio of 1:1. In vitro permeation studies using excised rat skin and drug-peptide dendrimer complexes showed highest values for cumulative drug permeation at the end of 12 h (Q12), with corresponding permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement ratio values also determined at this time point. With silibinin, 3.96-, 1.81-, and 1.06-fold increase in skin permeation was observed from silibinin-peptide dendrimer complex, simultaneous application of silibinin + peptide dendrimer, and pretreatment of skin with peptide dendrimer, respectively, in comparison with passive diffusion. With EGCG, 9.82-, 2.04-, and 1.72-fold increase in skin permeation was observed from EGCG-peptide dendrimer complex, simultaneous application of EGCG + peptide dendrimer, and pretreatment of skin with peptide dendrimer, respectively, in comparison with passive diffusion. The present study demonstrates the application of peptide dendrimers in effectively delivering antioxidants such as EGCG and silibinin into the skin, thus offering the potential to provide antioxidant effects when delivered via appropriately formulated topical preparations.
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Marchiori MCL, Rigon C, Camponogara C, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Hydrogel containing silibinin-loaded pomegranate oil based nanocapsules exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on skin damage UVB radiation-induced in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 170:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Róka E, Juhász B, Varga B, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Bácskay I, Vecsernyés M. Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101269. [PMID: 27669200 PMCID: PMC6273683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with high amounts of antioxidants may be a promising therapy for preventing and curing UV-induced oxidative skin damage. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of topical formulations containing dissolved and suspended Silybum marianum extract against UVB-induced oxidative stress in guinea pig and HaCaT keratinocytes. Herbal extract was dissolved in Transcutol HP (TC) and sucrose-esters were incorporated as penetration enhancers in creams. Biocompatibility of compositions was tested on HeLa cells and HaCaT keratinocytes as in vitro models. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) tests were performed to prove the safety of formulations in vivo. Drug release of different compositions was assessed by Franz diffusion methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) activities were evaluated before and after UVB irradiation in a guinea pig model and HaCaT cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme activity was measured in the epidermis of guinea pigs treated by different creams before and after UVB irradiation. Treatment with compositions containing silymarin powder (SM) dissolved in TC and sucrose stearate SP 50 or SP 70 resulted in increased activities of all reactive oxygen species (ROS) eliminating enzymes in the case of pre- and post-treatment as well. Reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation end products was also detected after treatment with these two compositions. Post-treatment was more effective as the increase of the activity of antioxidants was higher. Lower HO-1 enzyme levels were measured in the case of pre- and post-treatment groups compared to control groups. Therefore, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of topical formulations containing silymarin in inhibiting UVB irradiation induced oxidative stress of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Róka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Rajnochová Svobodová A, Zálešák B, Biedermann D, Ulrichová J, Vostálová J. Phototoxic potential of silymarin and its bioactive components. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 156:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evaluation of drug and sunscreen permeation via skin irradiated with UVA and UVB: Comparisons of normal skin and chronologically aged skin. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:135-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lin CF, Leu YL, Al-Suwayeh SA, Ku MC, Hwang TL, Fang JY. Anti-inflammatory activity and percutaneous absorption of quercetin and its polymethoxylated compound and glycosides: the relationships to chemical structures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:857-64. [PMID: 22609526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of quercetin-related compounds for topical application has not previously been systematically investigated. To better elucidate relationships of the structure and activity with skin permeation, some quercetin compounds were used as permeants, including aglycone, a polymethoxylated compound (quercetin 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethylether, QM), and seven glycosides. Quercetin and the glycoside with glucopyranuronic acid (Q4) at a dose of 30 μM completely inhibited superoxide anion activated neutrophils. QM also potentially suppressed superoxide by 90%. Both quercetin and QM showed inhibitory activity on elastase release with respective IC(50) values of 6.25 and 15.76 μM. Glycosylation significantly diminished this activity. Both an infinite concentration and saturated solubility in pH 7 buffer were used as permeant doses for the in vitro permeation experiments. The flux or permeability coefficient, which is the indicator for total absorption of dermal delivery due to the use of nude mouse skin, was the greatest for QM, followed by the glycosides and quercetin. QM showed 26× greater flux compared to quercetin. No penetration of quercetin occurred at the dose of saturated solubility. Rutin generally exhibited the highest skin permeation among the glycosides. It was found that the glycoside enantiomers (Q2 and Q3) revealed completely different permeation profiles. The stratum corneum was the principal penetration barrier for quercetin and its glycosides but not QM. Rutin provoked some skin redness and inflammation after a 5-day administration in nude mouse. QM caused no irritation, suggesting that it is a superior candidate for topical delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of seleno-L-methionine, an antioxidant agent, and other selenium species. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1181-90. [PMID: 21785447 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the in vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of seleno-L-methionine (Se-L-M), an ultraviolet (UV)-protecting agent, from aqueous solutions. METHODS Aqueous solutions of Se-L-M were prepared in pH 4, 8, and 10.8 buffers. The pH 8 buffer contained 30% glycerol, propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. The in vitro skin permeation of Se-L-M via porcine skin and nude mouse skin was measured and compared using Franz diffusion cells. The in vivo skin tolerance study was performed, which examined transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH and erythema. RESULTS In the excised porcine skin, the flux was 0.1, 11.4 and 8.2 μg·cm(-2)·h(-1) for the pH 4, 8, and 10.8 buffers, respectively. A linear correlation between the flux and skin deposition was determined. According to permeation across skin with different treatments (stripping, delipidation, and ethanol treatments), it was determined that the intracellular route comprised the predominant pathway for Se-L-M permeation from pH 8 buffer. Aqueous solutions of seleno-DL-methionine (Se-DL-M), selenium sulfide and selenium-containing quantum dot nanoparticles were also used as donor systems. The DL form showed a lower flux (7.0 vs 11.4 μg·cm(-2)·h(-1)) and skin uptake (23.4 vs 47.3 μg/g) as compared to the L form, indicating stereoselective permeation of this compound. There was no or only negligible permeation of selenium sulfide and quantum dots into and across the skin. With in vivo topical application for 4 and 8 h, the skin deposition of Se-L-M was about 7 μg/g, and values were comparable to each other. The topical application of Se-L-M for up to 5 d did not caused apparent skin irritation. However, slight inflammation of the dermis was noted according to the histopathological examination. CONCLUSION Se-L-M was readily absorbed by the skin in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The established profiles of Se-L-M skin absorption will be helpful in developing topical products of this compound.
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A comparison of skin delivery of ferulic acid and its derivatives: Evaluation of their efficacy and safety. Int J Pharm 2010; 399:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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