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Gowhari Shabgah A, Al-Obaidi ZMJ, Sulaiman Rahman H, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Suksatan W, Bokov DO, Thangavelu L, Turki Jalil A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H, Mashayekhi K, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Does CCL19 act as a double-edged sword in cancer development? Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:164-175. [PMID: 35020885 PMCID: PMC8982982 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered a life-threatening disease, and several factors are involved in its development. Chemokines are small proteins that physiologically exert pivotal roles in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The imbalance or dysregulation of chemokines has contributed to the development of several diseases, especially cancer. CCL19 is one of the homeostatic chemokines that is abundantly expressed in the thymus and lymph nodes. This chemokine, which primarily regulates immune cell trafficking, is involved in cancer development. Through the induction of anti-tumor immune responses and inhibition of angiogenesis, CCL19 exerts tumor-suppressive functions. In contrast, CCL19 also acts as a tumor-supportive factor by inducing inflammation, cell growth, and metastasis. Moreover, CCL19 dysregulation in several cancers, including colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers, has been considered a tumor biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Using CCL19-based therapeutic approaches has also been proposed to overcome cancer development. This review will shed more light on the multifarious function of CCL19 in cancer and elucidate its application in diagnosis, prognosis, and even therapy. It is expected that the study of CCL19 in cancer might be promising to broaden our knowledge of cancer development and might introduce novel approaches in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaid Mahdi Jaber Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha institute of medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus,College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran,Correspondence: Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Kerman, Iran. E-mail: ;
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Mohan T, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang BZ. Applications of chemokines as adjuvants for vaccine immunotherapy. Immunobiology 2017; 223:477-485. [PMID: 29246401 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations are expected to aid in building immunity against pathogens. This objective often requires the addition of an adjuvant with certain vaccine formulations containing weakly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvants can improve antigen processing, presentation, and recognition, thereby improving the immunogenicity of a vaccine by simulating and eliciting an immune response. Chemokines are a group of small chemoattractant proteins that are essential regulators of the immune system. They are involved in almost every aspect of tumorigenesis, antitumor immunity, and antimicrobial activity and also play a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. More recently, chemokines have been used as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate lymphocyte development, priming and effector functions, and enhance protective immunity. Chemokines that are produced naturally by the body's own immune system could serve as potentially safer and more reliable adjuvant options versus synthetic adjuvants. This review will primarily focus on chemokines and their immunomodulatory activities against various infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Guo LH, Zhao W, Zhang JJ, Zhang Q, Fan YZ, Wang JX. [Screening and identification of apolipoprotein A-I as a potential marker for hepatoblastoma in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1205-1210. [PMID: 27974108 PMCID: PMC7403094 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen and identify serum biomarkers for childhood hepatoblastoma (HB). METHODS The serum samples from 30 children with hepatoblastoma (HB), 20 children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and 20 normal children were treated with magnetic bead-based weak cation exchange chromatography. The platform of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to eliminate the interference of inflammatory factors and to screen out the differentially expressed proteins in serum between tumor group and normal group. After the purification and separation of target proteins were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry was used to determine their amino acid sequences. The SwissProt database was searched for matched proteins. Finally, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to verify and measure the expression of target proteins. RESULTS After SELDI-TOF-MS was used for screening and elimination of the interference of inflammatory factors, a differentially expression protein with a mass-to-charge ratio of 9 348 Da was found in serum between HB group and normal group, and the HB group had significantly lower expression of this protein than the normal group (p<0.05). This protein was identified as apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-I). Real-time PCR and ELISA verified the low mRNA and protein expression of Apo A-I in serum in the HB group and high expression in serum in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS Apo A-I can be used as a non-inflammatory protein marker for HB and has a certain value in the early diagnosis of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Zhang J, Hu Q, Guo F, Wang L, Zhao W, Zhang DA, Yang H, Yu J, Niu L, Yang F, Zheng S, Wang J. Screening and identification of post-traumatic stress-related serum factors in children with Wilms' tumors. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1299-1304. [PMID: 26893734 PMCID: PMC4734303 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumors are one of the most common malignant, solid intra-abdominal tumors observed in children. Although potential tumor markers have been found, inflammatory cytokines interfere with the process of specific protein identification. The present study was undertaken to identify post-traumatic stress-related factors of Wilms' tumors and to verify the accuracy of early-stage tumor-specific serum protein markers. Serum samples were screened for differentially-expressed proteins using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Potential markers were isolated and purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and SDS-PAGE. Following enzymatic digestion of the protein samples, the peptide fragments were detected with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The obtained peptide mass fingerprint was searched in the Swiss-Prot protein sequence database via the Mascot search engine. Differentially-expressed proteins were verified using western blot analysis. Differentially-expressed proteins with a mass/charge of 5,816 were screened out using SELDI-TOF-MS, and significant differences between the tumor and control groups, and the trauma and control groups were observed. Target proteins were isolated and purified using SPE and SDS-PAGE. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) was found to be differentially expressed. In the serum of children with Wilms' tumors, there was an increase in the level of the post-traumatic stress-related inflammatory factor, Trx1, as compared with the normal control group. Thus, the results of this study indicate that Trx1 presents a potential post-traumatic stress-related factor of Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - D A Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Heying Yang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiekai Yu
- Institute of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Niu
- Proteomic Platform, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Proteomic Platform, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Institute of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Zhao W, Li J, Zhang Y, Gao P, Zhang J, Guo F, Yu J, Zheng S, Wang J. Screening and identification of apolipoprotein A-I as a potential hepatoblastoma biomarker in children, excluding inflammatory factors. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:233-239. [PMID: 26171005 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify a child hepatoblastoma serum biomarker that is unaffected by inflammatory factors, with the ultimate aim of finding an effective method for the early diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. The magnetic bead-based weak cation exchange chromatography technique was used to process serum harvested from 30 children with hepatoblastoma, 20 children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 20 healthy children. Proteins differentially expressed in SIRS were excluded from consideration as biomarkers for hepatoblastoma. Proteins differentially expressed in hepatoblastoma and healthy controls were screened using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Target proteins were purified by SDS-PAGE, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF-MS was used to determine their amino acid sequences. Protein matches were searched in the SwissProt database. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA were employed to confirm the expression of target proteins. Following screening to exclude inflammatory factors, SELDI-TOF-MS revealed a protein with a mass-to-charge ratio of 9,348 Da that was expressed at significantly lower levels in the serum of children with hepatoblastoma compared with healthy controls (P<0.01). Sequence analysis identified this protein as apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-I). qPCR and ELISA confirmed that the expression of Apo A-I mRNA and protein were significantly lower in children with hepatoblastoma compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). These results indicate that Apo A-I is a non-inflammatory protein marker for hepatoblastoma with the potential for use in early diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. In addition, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of proteomic screening for the identification of proteins that can serve as markers for a specific tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiekai Yu
- Institute of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Institute of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Mechanism of macrophage activation induced by polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris culture broth. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 120:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu J, Ma J, Cai W, Wangpu X, Feng H, Zhao J, Guan S, Zong Y, Lu A. CC motif chemokine ligand 19 suppressed colorectal cancer in vivo accompanied by an increase in IL-12 and IFN-γ. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:374-9. [PMID: 25661385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate the role of CC motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) to colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo. We injected different dose of recombinant mouse CCL19 (rmCCL19) in the tumor site of the model of transplanted tumor. Result shows that rmCCL19 can suppress CRC tumorigenesis and growth in vivo, and it can also prolong overall survival of mice. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels in the tumors and plasma were significantly enhanced after processing with rmCCL19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongzhi Wangpu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingkun Zhao
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopei Guan
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zong
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aiguo Lu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China.
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Mohit E, Rafati S. Chemokine-based immunotherapy: delivery systems and combination therapies. Immunotherapy 2013; 4:807-40. [PMID: 22947009 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A major role of chemokines is to mediate leukocyte migration through interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors. Various delivery systems have been developed to utilize the chemokine properties for combating disease. Viral and mutant viral vectors expressing chemokines, genetically modified dendritic cells with chemokine or chemokine receptors, engineered chemokine-expressing tumor cells and pDNA encoding chemokines are among these methods. Another approach for inducing a targeted immune response is fusion of a targeting antibody or antibody fragment to a chemokine. In addition, chemokines induce more effective antitumor immunity when used as adjuvants. In this regard, chemokines are codelivered along with antigens or fused as a targeting unit with antigenic moieties. In this review, several chemokines with their role in inducing immune response against different diseases are discussed, with a major emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohit
- Molecular Immunology & Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
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Identification of potential serum biomarkers for Wilms tumor after excluding confounding effects of common systemic inflammatory factors. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5095-104. [PMID: 22160518 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric tumor of the kidney. Previous studies have identified several serum biomarkers for Wilms tumor; however, they lack sufficient specificity and may not adequately distinguish Wilms tumor from confounding conditions. To date, no specific protein biomarker has been confirmed for this pediatric tumor. To identify novel serum biomarkers for Wilms tumor, we used proteomic technologies to perform protein profiling of serum samples from pre-surgery and post-surgery patients with Wilms tumor and healthy controls. Some common systemic inflammatory factors were included to control for systemic inflammation. By comparing protein peaks among the three groups of sera, we identified two peaks (11,526 and 4,756 Da) showing significant differential expression not only between pre-surgery and control sera but also between pre-surgery and post-surgery sera. These two peaks were identified as serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) and apolipoprotein C-III (APO C-III). Western blot analysis confirmed that both proteins were expressed at higher levels in pre-surgery sera than in post-surgery and control sera. Using the method of leave-1-out for cross detection, we demonstrate that detection of these two candidate biomarkers had high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating pre-surgery sera from post-surgery and normal control sera. Taken together, these findings suggest that SAA1 and APO C-III are two potential biomarkers for Wilms tumor.
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Wang D, Dubois RN, Richmond A. The role of chemokines in intestinal inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 9:688-96. [PMID: 19734090 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for several gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials demonstrate that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly reduced the relative risk of colorectal cancer. Chronic inflammation associated with development of cancer is partly driven by the chemokine system. Chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that recruit leukocytes from the circulatory system to local inflammatory sites. In this review, we highlight recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the role of chemokines in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer from animal models and human studies. These findings provide a rationale for the development of new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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