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Önal C, Saraçoğlu KT, Saraçoğlu A, Özkan BN, Güler EM, Arslan G, Karakuş SA, Bulun Y, Gaszynski T, Ratajczyk P. Investigation of the Protective Effects of Magnesium on Bupivacaine-Induced Toxicity at the Level of Colon Cell Culture. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1652. [PMID: 39200118 PMCID: PMC11351263 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this in vitro study was to prevent the risk of toxicity associated with bupivacaine, widely used in clinical practice, by using magnesium (Mg), a readily available and cost-effective element, as an adjuvant. We hypothesized that Mg might exhibit a protective effect against cytotoxicity in a colon cell culture model under conditions of bupivacaine-induced LAST. Our secondary aim was to investigate its effect on genotoxicity, apoptosis, and iROS. CCD-18Co cells were used in our study. Control group (group C), Bupivacaine group (group B), Magnesium group (group M), and Bupivacaine+Mg group (group BM) were created. The viability of CCD-18Co cells incubated for 24 h in group C was determined to be 100%. These cells were evenly divided, and bupivacaine was administered to group B at concentrations of 5 to 300 μM. In group M, doses of Mg at 0.625 to 320 mEq were added. It was determined that the maximum viability was observed at a Mg dose of 40 mEq (p < 0.05). In group BM, bupivacaine was administered at the same concentrations in combination with Mg (40 mEq), and cell viability was measured. DNA damage, apoptosis, and iROS were assessed at concentrations of bupivacaine by administering 40 mEq Mg. In group B, viability decreased dose-dependently in CCD-18Co (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). In group BM, the viability decreased in cells at increasing concentrations compared to group C (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001), but the viability was affected positively compared to group B (p < 0.05). In group B, DNA damage increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). In group BM, DNA damage increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). However, in group BM, DNA damage levels were reduced compared to group B (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In group B, apoptosis increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.001); in group BM, apoptosis increased (p < 0.001) compared to group C. However, in group BM, apoptosis decreased compared to group B (p< 0.05). iROS increased in group B (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01) and group BM (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) compared to the group C. However, in group BM, iROS decreased in comparison to group B (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Mg exhibits a protective effect against bupivacaine-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Önal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ağrı Research and Training Hospital, Ağrı 04200, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Tolga Saraçoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ICU & Perioperative Medicine, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital HMC, Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Ayten Saraçoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, ICU & Perioperative Medicine, Aisha Bint Hamad Al Attiyah Hospital HMC, Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Beyza Nur Özkan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, İstanbul 34480, Türkiye; (B.N.Ö.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, İstanbul 34480, Türkiye; (B.N.Ö.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Gülten Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul 34865, Türkiye; (G.A.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Seçil Azime Karakuş
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul 34865, Türkiye; (G.A.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Yekbun Bulun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bingöl State Hospital, Bingöl 12000, Türkiye;
| | - Tomasz Gaszynski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Pawel Ratajczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland;
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Lin L, Chen Z, Li J, Peng J, Wang J, Feng M, Liu T, Zhang M, Wu X, Ai F, Shen C. Crocin alleviates neurotoxicity induced by bupivacaine in SH-SY5Y cells with inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:149-160. [PMID: 37523128 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine, a common local anesthetic, can cause neurotoxicity and permanent neurological disorders. Crocin has been widely reported as a potential neuroprotective agent in neural injury models. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of crocin underlying bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. METHOD Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with bupivacaine and/or crocin for 24 h, followed by detecting cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effect of crocin or bupivacaine on SH-SY5Y cell proliferation was measured by Ki67 immunofluorescence assay. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the markers in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were examined using western blot analysis. The activities of caspase 3, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were tested using respective commercial assay kits. Flow cytometry analysis was executed for detecting SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. RESULT Crocin attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, crocin inhibited SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis induced by bupivacaine via repressing the activity of caspase-3, reducing Bax expression, and elevating Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, crocin mitigated oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by increasing the content of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and reducing the content of MDA. Additionally, crocin protected against bupivacaine-induced dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. The protective effects of crocin against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells were counteracted by the Akt inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results suggested that crocin may exert a neuroprotective function by promoting cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Thus, crocin might become a promising drug for the treatment of bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zongrui Hospital of Beilun, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Jianye Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medcial School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421099, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Mingjun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Fen Ai
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Caijie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Qeva E, Sollazzo C, Bilotta F. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system, a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced delayed neurocognitive recovery/postoperative neurocognitive disorder: a narrative review. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:839-847. [PMID: 36332201 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2144234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impairment in neurocognitive functions ranges between delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD). Incidence varies from 11% after noncardiac surgery to 60% after cardiac surgery. AREAS COVERED Insulin receptors (IRs) signaling pathway in the central nervous system (CNS) could be a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced DNR/pNCD and perioperative intranasal insulin administration could be a preventive approach. This hypothesis is supported by the following evidence: effects of IRs-CNS signaling pathway on neuromodulation; higher incidence of DNR/pNCD in patients with insulin resistance; neurotoxicity of IRs signaling pathways after anesthetic exposure; improvement of neurocognitive impairment after insulin exposure. This narrative review was conducted after a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS online medical data performed in May 2022. EXPERT OPINION Perioperative intranasal insulin is shown to be protective and future studies should address: the role of insulin as a neuromodulator; its integration into neuroprotection approaches; patient populations that might benefit from this approach; a well-defined protocol of intranasal insulin administration in a perioperative background and other disciplines; and possible collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ega Qeva
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Turin, 'Città Della Salute e Della Scienza' Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Sollazzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Perineural Local Anesthetic Treatments for Osteoarthritic Pain. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 7:262-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang L, Guo W, Guan H, Yan N, Cai X, Zhu L. Local anesthetic bupivacaine inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22871. [PMID: 34338398 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Retrospective studies suggest that using local/regional anesthetic (LA/RA) is associated with better outcomes in primary HCC patients. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LA/RA bupivacaine in HCC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The biological functions of bupivacaine in HCC cells were evaluated by transcriptome RNA sequencing, cell viability assay, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blot, wound healing assay, transwell cell migration assay, tumor xenograft formation, and lung metastasis assay. Bupivacaine suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of HepG2 and SNU-449 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bupivacaine treatment also decreased colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and SNU-449 cells. In mouse models, bupivacaine repressed tumor xenograft growth and lung metastasis of HepG2 cells. Transcriptome sequencing of HepG2 cells suggested that PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways were suppressed by bupivacaine treatment. In western blot analysis, bupivacaine reduced the expression of total and phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and MAPK. Furthermore, reactivated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling by EGF or NRG1 partially reversed the effects of bupivacaine on cell growth, colony formation, and invasion of HCC cells. Local anesthetic bupivacaine suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Our results provided novel insights into the local anesthetic bupivacaine in the therapy of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijia Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongman Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolan Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Sheil M, Chambers M, Polkinghorne A, Sharpe B. Topical Application of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine to Disbudding Wounds in Dairy Calves: Safety, Toxicology and Wound Healing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030869. [PMID: 33803728 PMCID: PMC8003238 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disbudding is a common, but painful procedure performed on calves to prevent horn growth. Tri-Solfen® is a combination local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation which, applied topically to the disbudding wound, is reported to reduce calf pain. Applied in this manner, the local anaesthetics in Tri-Solfen®, lidocaine and bupivacaine, are reported to be poorly absorbed, resulting in low risk of neurological or cardiotoxic effects. The potential impacts on other blood, urine and tissue parameters and on wound healing when used in this manner, and/or accidental overdose situations are unknown, however. We performed experiments investigating (i) the safety of Tri-Solfen® (including overdose situations) and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. No adverse health effects were observed in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals, even those receiving 5× the recommended dose, with no clinically significant differences in measured parameters between placebo and Tri-Solfen® groups. No negative impacts on wound healing were noted. Conversely, lower levels of bacterial wound colonisation were evident, and there was reduced incidence of abnormal wounds at days 11–12 in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals. Abstract Tri-Solfen® is a combination topical anaesthetic and antiseptic solution containing lidocaine, bupivacaine, adrenaline and cetrimide. Applied to wounds, it is reported to reduce the pain experienced by calves following thermocautery disbudding. While lidocaine and bupivacaine are widely used in medicine, conflicting data exist on the impact of these compounds when applied directly to the surgical wound. To investigate the safety of Tri-Solfen® applied to thermocautery disbudding wounds of calves, experiments were performed to measure (i) the safety of Tri-Solfen® (including in overdose situations); and (ii) the impact of Tri-Solfen® application at recommended doses on disbudding wound healing under field conditions. Haematological, biochemical and urinalysis parameters did not show clinically significant differences between placebo and Tri-Solfen® groups (1×, 3× and 5× dose). No adverse health impacts were reported. Histopathological analysis of wounds noted a reduction in bacterial colonies in Tri-Solfen®-treated wounds. Under field conditions, no negative impacts on wound healing were noted. Conversely, there was reduced incidence of abnormal wounds, with an associated trend toward improved average daily gain at days 11–12 in Tri-Solfen®-treated animals. These data are considered to support the safety of topical anaesthesia, as formulated in Tri-Solfen®, to the thermocautery disbudding wound in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Sheil
- Animal Ethics Pty. Ltd., Yarra Glen 3775, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Blue Mountains Pathology Service, Penrith 2751, Australia;
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood 2747, Australia
| | - Brendan Sharpe
- Invetus Pty. Ltd., Armidale 2350, Australia; (M.C.); (B.S.)
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Ling X, Ma X, Kuang X, Zou Y, Zhang H, Tang H, Du H, Zhu B, Huang H, Xia Q, Chen M, Mao D, Chen D, Shen H, Yan J. Lidocaine Inhibits Myoblast Cell Migration and Myogenic Differentiation Through Activation of the Notch Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:927-936. [PMID: 33688167 PMCID: PMC7936691 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s290002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the cellular and molecular effects of lidocaine on muscles/myoblasts. Methods Cultured myogenic precursor (C2C12) cells were treated with varying concentrations of lidocaine. Results Cell viability of C2C12 cells was inhibited by lidocaine in a concentration-dependent manner, with concentrations ≥0.08%, producing a dramatic reduction in cell viability. These ≥0.08% concentrations of lidocaine arrested cell cycles of C2C12 cells in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, lidocaine inhibited cell migration and myogenic processes in C2C12 cells at low concentrations. Results from QRT-PCR assays revealed that following treatment with lidocaine, Notch1, Notch2, Hes1, Csl and Dll4 all showed higher levels of expression, while no changes were observed in Mmal1, Hey1, Dll1 and Jag1. Conclusion This work provides the first description of the effects of lidocaine upon the regeneration of muscles and maintenance of satellite cells at the cellular and molecular levels. In specific, we found that the Dll4-Notch-Csl-Hes1 axis was up-regulated suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway was involved in producing these effects of lidocaine. These findings provide a new and important foundation for future investigations into the effects of drug therapies in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xielan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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Mirkheshti A, Shakeri A, Memary E, Baniasadi M, Zaringhalam J, Tajbakhsh A, Mirzaei M, Lak E. Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32894054 PMCID: PMC7487602 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine, an amid-type local anesthetic, is widely used for clinical patients especially in pregnant women. In addition to neurotoxicity effect of bupivacaine, it can cross the placenta, accumulates in this tissue and retained in fetal tissues. Nevertheless, whether bupivacaine can cause neurotoxicity in fetus remains unclear. Hence, this study was design to investigate the effects of maternal bupivacaine use on fetus hippocampal cell apoptosis and the possible related mechanism. METHODS On day 15 of pregnancy, sciatic nerve of pregnant wistar rat (180-200 g) were exposed by lateral incision of the right thigh and 0.2 ml of bupivacaine was injected. After their delivery, we randomly selected one male offspring of every mother. On day 30 after of their birth, the rat's hippocampi were isolated for molecular studies. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and p-Akt in fetal hippocampus. RESULTS Our results showed that maternal bupivacaine use caused a significant increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in fetal hippocampus compared with the sham group. In addition, maternally administered bupivacaine could significantly decrease hippocampal P.Akt/T.Akt ratio which was concurrent with an increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that maternal bupivacaine use increases fetal hippocampal cell apoptosis markers such as caspase 8 and cleaved caspase 3, at least in part, via inhibiting the Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirkheshti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Elham Memary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Baniasadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mirzaei
- Department of Gynecology, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Lak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ling D, Luo J, Wang M, Cao X, Chen X, Fang K, Yu B. Kilohertz high-frequency alternating current blocks nerve conduction without causing nerve damage in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:661. [PMID: 31930062 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, 2-50 kHz high-frequency alternating current has been shown to block nerve conduction mostly based on simulation models or experiments in vitro. This study aimed to assess the nerve block effects and related parameters of kilohertz alternating current in a rat model. Methods High-frequency biphasic rectangular stimulus pulse was applied to rat's sciatic nerve in vivo, and its blockade frequency and intensity was studied by recording the changes of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and muscle states before and after stimulation. Secondly, diameter and circumference of sciatic nerve was measured at stimulating point by ultrasound. The correlation between stimulus' frequency and the nerve's diameter and circumference was studied. Lastly, we assessed nerve damage causing by high-frequency electrical stimulation by measuring CMAP and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the following day and sciatic nerve hematoxylin-eosin staining, both blocked side and contralateral side. Results When the current intensity was fixed, the blockade only occurred in a specific frequency range, above or below might have partial block effect. Preliminary statistical results showed that the blocking frequency of high-frequency alternating current was negatively linearly correlated with the circumference of sciatic nerve (P<0.05); HE staining of the sciatic nerve showed no axon and myelin sheath damage on blocked or opposite side, and the CMAP and NCV of the sciatic nerve remeasured in the next day were normal, indicating high-frequency electrical stimulation produced no nerve injury. Conclusions High-frequency alternating current stimulation can block nerve conduction without causing nerve damage, and the complete block frequency is negatively linearly correlated with the circumference of sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Kexin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: proposed mechanisms for lipid resuscitation and methods of prevention. J Anesth 2019; 33:569-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-019-02648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nie H, Kubrova E, Wu T, Denbeigh JM, Hunt C, Dietz AB, Smith J, Qu W, van Wijnen AJ. Effect of Lidocaine on Viability and Gene Expression of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An in vitro Study. PM R 2019; 11:1218-1227. [PMID: 30784215 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the biologic effects of lidocaine on the viability, proliferation, and function of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. METHODS Adipose-derived MSCs from three donors were exposed to lidocaine at various dilutions (2 mg/mL to 8 mg/mL) and exposure times (0.5 to 4 hours). Cell number and viability, mitochondrial activity, and real-time reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were analyzed at 0 (immediate effects) or 24 and 48 hours (recovery effects) after treatment with lidocaine. RESULTS Trypan blue staining showed that increasing concentrations of lidocaine decreased the number of observable viable cells. 3-[4,5,dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays revealed a concentration- and time- dependent decline of mitochondrial activity and proliferative ability. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR revealed that adipose-derived MSCs exposed to lidocaine express robust levels of stress response/cytoprotective genes. However, higher concentrations of lidocaine caused a significant downregulation of these genes. No significant differences were observed in expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) markers COL1A1 and DCN except for COL3A1 (P < .05). Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for proliferation markers (CCNB2, HIST2H4A, P < .001) and MKI67 (P < .001) increased at 24 and 48 hours. Expression levels of several transcription factors- including SP1, PRRX1, and ATF1-were modulated in the same manner. MSC surface markers CD44 and CD105 demonstrated decreased expression immediately after treatment, but at 24 and 48 hours postexposure, the MSC markers showed no significant difference among groups. CONCLUSION Lidocaine is toxic to MSCs in a dose- and time- dependent manner. MSC exposure to high (4-8 mg/mL) concentrations of lidocaine for prolonged periods can affect their biologic functions. Although the exposure time in vivo is short, it is essential to choose safe concentrations when applying lidocaine along with MSCs to avoid compromising the viability and potency of the stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eva Kubrova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christine Hunt
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Zeballos JL, Strichartz GR. Tuning Up the Life Saver. Anesth Analg 2019; 128:199-201. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
The experimental use of lipid emulsion for local anesthetic toxicity was originally identified in 1998. It was then translated to clinical practice in 2006 and expanded to drugs other than local anesthetics in 2008. Our understanding of lipid resuscitation therapy has progressed considerably since the previous update from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the scientific evidence has coalesced around specific discrete mechanisms. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy provides a multimodal resuscitation benefit that includes both scavenging (eg, the lipid shuttle) and nonscavenging components. The intravascular lipid compartment scavenges drug from organs susceptible to toxicity and accelerates redistribution to organs where drug (eg, bupivacaine) is stored, detoxified, and later excreted. In addition, lipid exerts nonscavenging effects that include postconditioning (via activation of prosurvival kinases) along with cardiotonic and vasoconstrictive benefits. These effects protect tissue from ischemic damage and increase tissue perfusion during recovery from toxicity. Other mechanisms have diminished in favor based on lack of evidence; these include direct effects on channel currents (eg, calcium) and mass-effect overpowering a block in mitochondrial metabolism. In this narrative review, we discuss these proposed mechanisms and address questions left to answer in the field. Further work is needed, but the field has made considerable strides towards understanding the mechanisms.
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Ortiz de Solorzano I, Alejo T, Abad M, Bueno-Alejo C, Mendoza G, Andreu V, Irusta S, Sebastian V, Arruebo M. Cleavable and thermo-responsive hybrid nanoparticles for on-demand drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 533:171-181. [PMID: 30153594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By combining the photothermal ability of copper sulphide nanoparticles (NPs) upon excitation with Near Infrared (NIR) Light and the thermo-responsive properties of the homemade oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate copolymer we have obtained fragmentable nanocomposites able to release a carried drug on-demand after NIR-light triggering. A complete physico-chemical characterization of the resulting nanoparticles has been carried out and their degradation assessed at different temperatures. Herein, we have also evaluated the drug loading capacity of those nanoparticles and the temperature dependence in their drug release kinetics using bupivacaine hydrochloride as a model drug. For those hybrid nanoparticles, subcytotoxic doses on four different cell lines and their potential interference in cell metabolism, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle have been evaluated by Alamar Blue fluorometry and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortiz de Solorzano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Alejo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam Abad
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Bueno-Alejo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Andreu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Redox mechanism of levobupivacaine cytostatic effect on human prostate cancer cells. Redox Biol 2018; 18:33-42. [PMID: 29935387 PMCID: PMC6019688 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer effects of local anesthetics have been reported but the mode of action remains elusive. Here, we examined the bioenergetic and REDOX impact of levobupivacaine on human prostate cancer cells (DU145) and corresponding non-cancer primary human prostate cells (BHP). Levobupivacaine induced a combined inhibition of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells, resulting in a reduced cellular ATP production and consecutive bioenergetic crisis, along with reactive oxygen species generation. The dose-dependent inhibition of respiratory chain complex I activity by levobupivacaine explained the alteration of mitochondrial energy fluxes. Furthermore, the potency of levobupivacaine varied with glucose and oxygen availability as well as the cellular energy demand, in accordance with a bioenergetic anti-cancer mechanism. The levobupivacaine-induced bioenergetic crisis triggered cytostasis in prostate cancer cells as evidenced by a S-phase cell cycle arrest, without apoptosis induction. In DU145 cells, levobupivacaine also triggered the induction of autophagy and blockade of this process potentialized the anti-cancer effect of the local anesthetic. Therefore, our findings provide a better characterization of the REDOX mechanisms underpinning the anti-effect of levobupivacaine against human prostate cancer cells. Local anesthetics reduce cancer recurrence in prostate cancer. Metabolic reprogramming in a hallmark of cancer. Complex I inhibition is a potential anti-cancer bioenergetic therapeutic strategy. Levobupivacaine inhibits complex I activity and mitochondrial respiration. Autophagy blocker combined with levobupivacaine induces cytostasis in prostate cancer.
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Pharmacological targeting of HSP90 with 17-AAG induces apoptosis of myogenic cells through activation of the intrinsic pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 445:45-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Reversal effects of local anesthetics on P-glycoprotein-mediated cancer multidrug resistance. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:243-249. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Insulin Signaling in Bupivacaine-induced Cardiac Toxicity: Sensitization during Recovery and Potentiation by Lipid Emulsion. Anesthesiology 2016; 124:428-42. [PMID: 26646023 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of local anesthetics on the regulation of glucose homeostasis by protein kinase B (Akt) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is unclear but important because of the implications for both local anesthetic toxicity and its reversal by IV lipid emulsion (ILE). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received 10 mg/kg bupivacaine over 20 s followed by nothing or 10 ml/kg ILE (or ILE without bupivacaine). At key time points, heart and kidney were excised. Glycogen content and phosphorylation levels of Akt, p70 s6 kinase, s6, insulin receptor substrate-1, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and tuberous sclerosis 2 were quantified. Three animals received Wortmannin to irreversibly inhibit phosphoinositide-3-kinase (Pi3k) signaling. Isolated heart studies were conducted with bupivacaine and LY294002-a reversible Pi3K inhibitor. RESULTS Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity rapidly dephosphorylated Akt at S473 to 63 ± 5% of baseline and phosphorylated AMPK to 151 ± 19%. AMPK activation inhibited targets downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 via tuberous sclerosis 2. Feedback dephosphorylation of IRS1 to 31 ± 8% of baseline sensitized Akt signaling in hearts resulting in hyperphosphorylation of Akt at T308 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β to 390 ± 64% and 293 ± 50% of baseline, respectively. Glycogen accumulated to 142 ± 7% of baseline. Irreversible inhibition of Pi3k upstream of Akt exacerbated bupivacaine cardiotoxicity, whereas pretreating with a reversible inhibitor delayed the onset of toxicity. ILE rapidly phosphorylated Akt at S473 and T308 to 150 ± 23% and 167 ± 10% of baseline, respectively, but did not interfere with AMPK or targets of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. CONCLUSION Glucose handling by Akt and AMPK is integral to recovery from bupivacaine cardiotoxicity and modulation of these pathways by ILE contributes to lipid resuscitation.
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Curcumin Attenuated Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells Via Activation of the Akt Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2425-32. [PMID: 27233246 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine is widely used for regional anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and pain management. However, bupivacaine could cause neuronal injury. Curcumin, a low molecular weight polyphenol, has a variety of bioactivities and may exert neuroprotective effects against damage induced by some stimuli. In the present study, we tested whether curcumin could attenuate bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell injury was evaluated by examining cell viability, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. We also investigated the levels of activation of the Akt signaling pathway and the effect of Akt inhibition by triciribine on cell injury following bupivacaine and curcumin treatment. Our findings showed that the bupivacaine treatment could induce neurotoxicity. Pretreatment of the SH-SY5Y cells with curcumin significantly attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Interestingly, the curcumin treatment increased the levels of Akt phosphorylation. More significantly, the pharmacological inhibition of Akt abolished the cytoprotective effect of curcumin against bupivacaine-induced cell injury. Our data suggest that pretreating SH-SY5Y cells with curcumin provides a protective effect on bupivacaine-induced neuronal injury via activation of the Akt signaling pathway.
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Lee YJ, Kim SA, Lee SH. Hyaluronan suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes in vitro by inhibiting the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:664-73. [PMID: 27041463 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Intra-articular injection of local anesthetics (LAs) is a common procedure for therapeutic purposes. However, LAs have been found toxic to articular cartilage, and hyaluronan may attenuate this toxicity. In this study we investigated whether hyaluronan attenuated lidocaine-induced chondrotoxicity, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human chondrocyte cell line SW1353 and newly isolated murine chondrocytes were incubated in culture medium containing hyaluronan and/or lidocaine for 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected with DAPI staining, caspase 3/7 activity assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle distributions, ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were determined using flow cytometry. The expression of p53 and p53-regulated gene products was measured with Western blotting. RESULTS Lidocaine (0.005%-0.03%) dose-dependently decreased the viability of SW1353 cells. This local anesthetic (0.015%, 0.025%) induced apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest and loss of ΔΨm, and markedly increased ROS production in SW1353 cells. Hyaluronan (50-800 μg/mL) alone did not affect the cell viability, but co-treatment with hyaluronan (200 μg/mL) significantly attenuated lidocaine-induced apoptosis and other abnormalities in SW1353 cells. Furthermore, co-treatment with lidocaine and hyaluronan significantly decreased the levels of p53 and its transcription targets Bax and p21 in SW1353 cells, although treatment with lidocaine alone did not significantly change these proteins. Similar results were obtained in ex vivo cultured murine chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Hyaluronan suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes in vitro through inhibiting the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Lv D, Bai Z, Yang L, Li X, Chen X. Lipid emulsion reverses bupivacaine-induced apoptosis of h9c2 cardiomyocytes: PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:85-91. [PMID: 26809062 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some findings have suggested that the rescue of bupivacaine (BPV)-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion (LE) is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). However, the mechanism of this rescue action is not clearly known. In this study, the roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the molecular mechanism of LE-induced protection and its relationship with mPTP were explored. h9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into several groups: control, BPV, LE, BPV+LE. To study the effect of LE on mPTP, atractyloside (Atr, 20 μM, mPTP opener) and cyclosporine A (CsA, 10 μM, mPTP blocker) were used. To unravel whether LE protects heart through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, cells were treated with LY294002 (LY, 30 μM, PI3K blocker) or TWS119 (TWS 10 μM, GSK-3β blocker). Later mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, apoptosis, opening of mPTP and phosphorylation levels of Akt/GSK-3β were measured. LE significantly improved the mitochondrial functions in h9c2 cardiomyocytes. LE reversed the BPV-induced apoptosis and the opening of mPTP. The effect of LE was not only enhanced by CsA and TWS, but also abolished by Atr and LY. LE also increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β. These results suggested that LE can reverse the apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by BPV and a mechanism of its action is inhibition of mPTP opening through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lv
- Ning Xia Medical University, Yin Chuan, China.
| | - Zhixia Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tumor Hospital, General Hospital of Ning Xia Medical University, Yin Chuan, China.
| | - Libin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital, Shi Zui Shan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Ning Xia Medical University, Yin Chuan, China.
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tumor Hospital, General Hospital of Ning Xia Medical University, Yin Chuan, China.
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Wang LY, Li X, Han YZ. Neuroprotection by epigallo catechin gallate against bupivacaine anesthesia induced toxicity involves modulation of PI3/Akt/PTEN signalling in N2a and SH-SY5Y cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15065-15075. [PMID: 26628990 PMCID: PMC4658879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bupivacaine, an amide type long-acting local anaesthetic is commonly employed for epidural anesthesia and as well for nerve blockades. However, studies have shown neurotoxicity following local administration of bupivacaine raising concerns over the use of the drug. Compounds that could minimize or inhibit toxic effects of bupivacaine are of high value in operative settings and in pain management. The present study aims to investigate if epigallo catechin gallate (EGCG) could inhibit or prevent bupivacaine toxicity in neuroblastoma cells (N2a and SH-SY5Y). The viability of N2a and SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to EGCG (10-50 µM) were assessed by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. The influence of EGCG on ROS generation was determined. The expression of apoptotic cascade proteins (Caspases-3, -8 and -9, Bcl-xL, Bad, Bax, Bcl-2) and PI3/Akt pathway proteins (Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, PTEN) were analyzed by western blotting. EGCG improved the viability of the cells and inhibited apoptosis by potentially decreasing the expression of caspases and pro-apoptotic proteins. Bupivacaine induced ROS generations were reduced on EGCG exposure. EGCG significantly promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and down-regulated PTEN, thus activating PI3/Akt signalling. EGCG effectively improved the cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of N2a and SH-SY5Y cells via suppression of ROS generation and modulation of PI3K/Akt signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Zeng Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
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Leite PEC, Pereira MR, do Nascimento Santos CA, Campos APC, Esteves TM, Granjeiro JM. Gold nanoparticles do not induce myotube cytotoxicity but increase the susceptibility to cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:819-27. [PMID: 25790728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been widely used for many applications, including as biological carriers. A better understanding concerning AuNP safety on muscle cells is crucial, since it could be a potential tool in the nanomedicine field. Here, we describe the impact of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNP) interaction with differentiated skeletal muscle C2C12 cells on cell viability, mitochondria function, cell signaling related to survival, cytokine levels and susceptibility to apoptosis. Intracellular localization of 4.5 nm PEG-AuNP diameter size was evidenced by STEM-in-SEM in myotube cells. Methods for cytotoxicity analysis showed that PEG-AuNP did not affect cell viability, but intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential increased. Phosphorylation of ERK was not altered but p-AKT levels reduced (p<0.01). Pre-treatment of cells with PEG-AuNP followed by staurosporine induction increased the caspases-3/7 activity. Indeed, cytokines analysis revealed a sharp increase of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 levels after PEG-AuNP treatment, suggesting that inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes process were activated. These data demonstrate that PEG-AuNP affect the myotube physiology leading these cells to be more susceptible to death stimuli in the presence of staurosporine. Altogether, these results present evidence that PEG-AuNP affect the susceptibility to apoptosis of muscle cells, contributing to development of safer strategies for intramuscular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Divisão de Biologia Celular e Bioengenharia, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada as Ciências da Vida (DIMAV), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Andrea Porto Carreiro Campos
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais (DIMAT), Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ticiana Mota Esteves
- Divisão de Biologia Celular e Bioengenharia, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada as Ciências da Vida (DIMAV), Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Divisão de Biologia Celular e Bioengenharia, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada as Ciências da Vida (DIMAV), Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Fettiplace MR, Akpa BS, Ripper R, Zider B, Lang J, Rubinstein I, Weinberg G. Resuscitation with lipid emulsion: dose-dependent recovery from cardiac pharmacotoxicity requires a cardiotonic effect. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:915-25. [PMID: 24496123 PMCID: PMC4077021 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications have questioned the validity of the "lipid sink" theory of lipid resuscitation while others have identified sink-independent effects and posed alternative mechanisms such as hemodilution. To address these issues, the authors tested the dose-dependent response to intravenous lipid emulsion during reversal of bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity in vivo. Subsequently, the authors modeled the relative contribution of volume resuscitation, drug sequestration, inotropy and combined drug sequestration, and inotropy to this response with the use of an in silico model. METHODS Rats were surgically prepared to monitor cardiovascular metrics and deliver drugs. After catheterization and instrumentation, animals received a nonlethal dose of bupivacaine to produce transient cardiovascular toxicity, then were randomized to receive one of the four treatments: 30% intravenous lipid emulsion, 20% intravenous lipid emulsion, intravenous saline, or no treatment (n = 7 per condition; 28 total animals). Recovery responses were compared with the predictions of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model parameterized using previously published laboratory data. RESULTS Rats treated with lipid emulsions recovered faster than did rats treated with saline or no treatment. Intravenous lipid emulsion of 30% elicited the fastest hemodynamic recovery followed in order by 20% intravenous lipid emulsion, saline, and no treatment. An increase in arterial blood pressure underlay the recovery in both lipid emulsion-treated groups. Heart rates remained depressed in all four groups throughout the observation period. Model predictions mirrored the experimental recovery, and the model that combined volume, sequestration, and inotropy predicted in vivo results most accurately. CONCLUSION Intravenous lipid emulsion accelerates cardiovascular recovery from bupivacaine toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, which is driven by a cardiotonic response that complements the previously reported sequestration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Fettiplace
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (M.R.F., R.R., and G.W.); Research and Development Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (M.R.F., R.R., I.R., and G.W.); University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (M.R.F. and B.Z.); Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (B.S.A.); University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois (J.L.); and Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (I.R.)
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Growth inhibition by bupivacaine is associated with inactivation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:831845. [PMID: 24605337 PMCID: PMC3925553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine is an amide type long acting local anesthetic used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. Use of bupivacaine is associated with severe cytotoxicity and apoptosis along with inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Although inhibition of Erk, Akt, and AMPK seemingly appears to mediate some of the bupivacaine effects, potential downstream targets that mediate its effect remain unknown. S6 kinase 1 is a common downstream effector of several growth regulatory pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation known to be affected by bupivacaine. We have accordingly attempted to relate the growth inhibitory effects of bupivacaine with the status of S6K1 activity and we present evidence that decrease in cell growth and proliferation by bupivacaine is mediated through inactivation of S6 kinase 1 in a concentration and time dependent manner. We also show that ectopic expression of constitutively active S6 kinase 1 imparts substantial protection from bupivacaine induced cytotoxicity. Inactivation of S6K1 though associated with loss of putative mTOR mediated phosphorylation did not correspond with loss of similar phosphorylations in 4EBP1 indicating that S6K1 inhibition was not mediated through inactivation of mTORC1 signaling pathway or its down regulation.
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McAlvin JB, Reznor G, Shankarappa SA, Stefanescu CF, Kohane DS. Local toxicity from local anesthetic polymeric microparticles. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:794-803. [PMID: 23460564 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31828174a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local tissue injury from sustained-release formulations for local anesthetics can be severe. There is considerable variability in reporting of that injury. We investigated the influence of the intrinsic myotoxicity of the encapsulated local anesthetic (lidocaine, low; bupivacaine, high) on tissue reaction in rats. METHODS Cytotoxicity from a range of lidocaine and bupivacaine concentrations was measured in C2C12 myotubes over 6 days. Rats were given sciatic nerve blocks with 4 microparticulate formulations of lidocaine and bupivacaine: 10% (w/w) lidocaine poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), 10% (w/w) bupivacaine PLGA, 50% (w/w) lidocaine PLGA, and 50% (w/w) bupivacaine PLGA. Effectiveness of nerve blockade was assessed by a modified hotplate test and weightbearing measurements. Myotoxicity was scored in histologic sections of injection sites. Bupivacaine and lidocaine release kinetics from the particles were measured. RESULTS Median sensory blockade duration for 50% (w/w) lidocaine was 255 (90-540) minutes versus 840 (277-1215) minutes for 50% (w/w) bupivacaine (P = 0.056). All microparticulate formulations resulted in myotoxicity. The choice of local anesthetic did not influence the severity of myotoxicity. Median myotoxicity scores for 50% (w/w) lidocaine compared with 50% (w/w) bupivacaine at 4 days were 3.4 (2.1-4.2) vs 3.3 (2.9-3.5) (P = 0.44) and at 14 days 1.9 (1.8-2.4) vs 1.7 (1.3-1.9) (P = 0.23), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine and bupivacaine PLGA microspheres resulted in similar degrees of myotoxicity, irrespective of drug loading. Intrinsic myotoxicity did not predict tissue injury from sustained release of these anesthetics. Caution is warranted in the use of such devices near muscle and nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian McAlvin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine Critical Care Program, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Girard AC, Atlan M, Bencharif K, Gunasekaran MK, Delarue P, Hulard O, Lefebvre-d’Hellencourt C, Roche R, Hoareau L, Festy F. New insights into lidocaine and adrenaline effects on human adipose stem cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:144-52. [PMID: 23238646 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-9988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose stem cells have gained great interest in plastic and reconstructive surgery with their ability to improve engraftment after fat transfer for soft tissue filling. It is therefore essential to know the effect of the drugs commonly used during the lipoaspiration procedure, such as lidocaine and adrenaline. Indeed, these drugs are infiltrated at the fat donor site for local anesthesia and for reduction of bleeding. This study analyzed the effects of these drugs on the viability of adipose-derived stem cells and on their inflammatory status. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells from lipoaspirates were grown in culture before being treated with different clinical doses of lidocaine at different times of exposure (1-24 h), and with adrenaline (1 μg/mL). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay and by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide staining. In parallel, the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS Lidocaine affected cell viability after 24 h, even when the cells were exposed for only 1 or 2 h. Apoptosis was not involved in lidocaine cytotoxicity. Regarding inflammation, no TNFα was produced, and lidocaine decreased the levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, adrenaline did not influence cell viability or cytokine secretions. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue should be handled appropriately to remove lidocaine and adrenaline, with such procedures as washing and centrifugation. This study provides new insights into the use of lidocaine and adrenaline for fat transfer or stem cell isolation from lipoaspirates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Local anesthetic 'in-situ' toxicity during peripheral nerve blocks: update on mechanisms and prevention. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2013; 25:589-95. [PMID: 22914357 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e328357b9e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Peripheral nerve blocks induce undesired side-effects linked to the toxicity of local anesthetics on neuron and myocytes via different cell targets. The effects of local anesthetics on these targets are now well known and summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Local anesthetic-induced local cell toxicity involved different pathways leading to cell death, necrosis and different factors closely associated with the clinical practice modulated this toxicity. High concentration and prolonged duration of local anesthetic administration are closely associated with severe lesions. SUMMARY Phenotypic analyses revealed that local anesthetics could induce histological damage with lesions ranging from local to extreme in skeletal muscle. Metabolic alterations were also described involving sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium dysregulation, alteration of mitochondrial physiology and of oxidative phosphorylation with associated overproduction of harmful reactive oxygen species, typically leading to apoptosis or necrosis. Biochemical and cell biology investigations now indicate that local anesthetics interact with different molecular targets in mammalian cells as respiratory chain complex I or the prosurvival kinase Akt. Functional dysfunction in both muscle and neuron remains to be investigated with caution in patients, as local anesthetic toxicity remains under-evaluated. Likewise, the use of adapted local anesthetics in patients with particular diseases and neuromuscular disorder could further reduce the risk of undesired effect.We need to improve our practice, and the optimization of our clinical protocol could prevent from these side-effects. Lastly, experimental studies highlight the preventive effects of antioxidant drugs or of recombinant human erythropoietin but the pharmacokinetic feature of such strategies remain to be evaluated.
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Li WX, Chen SF, Chen LP, Yang GY, Li JT, Liu HZ, Zhu W. Thimerosal-induced apoptosis in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells occurs through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49064. [PMID: 23145070 PMCID: PMC3492179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative, is one of the most widely used preservatives and found in a variety of biological products. Concerns over its possible toxicity have reemerged recently due to its use in vaccines. Thimerosal has also been reported to be markedly cytotoxic to neural tissue. However, little is known regarding thimerosal-induced toxicity in muscle tissue. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of thimerosal and its possible mechanisms on mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. Methodology/Principal Findings The study showed that C2C12 myoblast cells underwent inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis after exposure to thimerosal (125–500 nM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Thimerosal caused S phase arrest and induced apoptosis as assessed by flow cytometric analysis, Hoechst staining and immunoblotting. The data revealed that thimerosal could trigger the leakage of cytochrome c from mitochondria, followed by cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and that an inhibitor of caspase could suppress thimerosal-induced apoptosis. Thimerosal inhibited the phosphorylation of Aktser473 and survivin expression. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited Akt activity and decreased survivin expression, resulting in increased thimerosal-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells, while the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by mIGF-I (50 ng/ml) increased the expression of survivin and attenuated apoptosis. Furthermore, the inhibition of survivin expression by siRNA enhanced thimerosal-induced cell apoptosis, while overexpression of survivin prevented thimerosal-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data show that the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway plays an important role in the thimerosal-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that in C2C12 myoblast cells, thimerosal induces S phase arrest and finally causes apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/survivin signaling followed by activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Zhang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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SUN ZHIHUA, LIU HUINING, GUO QULIAN, XU XIAOPING, ZHANG ZHONG, WANG NA. In vivo and in vitro evidence of the neurotoxic effects of ropivacaine: The role of the Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1455-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sun ZH, Xu XP, Song ZB, Zhang Z, Wang N, Guo QL. Repeated Intrathecal Administration of Ropivacaine Causes Neurotoxicity in Rats. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:825-31. [PMID: 22934865 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ropivacaine is the least neurotoxic local anaesthetic. Most of the data derive from short-term ropivacaine injection into the subarachnoid space. Intrathecal administration for a prolonged period, and the histological changes and behavioural effects of repeated intrathecal administration, have not previously been investigated. We studied the possible neurotoxicity of intrathecal injection of ropivacaine in a rat model. Rats received 0.12 ml/kg body weight of ropivacaine at concentrations of 0.5 or 1%, or normal saline only, via an implanted intrathecal catheter at 90-minute intervals for 12 hours. On days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28, the spinal cord was examined by light and electron microscopy at the L3 level. We assessed sensory thresholds to noxious stimulation, behavioural change and protein kinase B immunoreactivity for possible neuronal injury within the spinal cord. Ropivacaine 1% induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, neuronal injury characterised by tissue oedema, proliferation of glial cells, neuronal morphology changes and degeneration and protein kinase B expression. There were no significant differences in motor function as a result of different concentrations of ropivacaine. Repeated intrathecal injection of ropivacaine 1% can induce neurotoxicity in rats. Our data suggests that expression of protein kinase B might be involved in this neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. H. Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X. P. Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Z. B. Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Z. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - N. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Q. L. Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hibner M, Castellanos ME, Drachman D, Balducci J. Repeat Operation for Treatment of Persistent Pudendal Nerve Entrapment After Pudendal Neurolysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Z, Shen J, Wang J, Lu T, Li C, Zhang X, Liu L, Ding Z. Lithium attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in vitro through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/threonine-serine protein kinase B- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms. Neuroscience 2012; 206:190-200. [PMID: 22233781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics (LAs) are necessary for the regional anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and pain management. However, the application of LAs may cause neurotoxicity and result in postoperative neurological complications. Lithium is a mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder and may exert neuroprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of lithium on bupivacaine (a frequently used LAs)-induced injury in mouse neuroblastoma neuro 2a (N2a) cells. N2a cells were treated with bupivacaine in the presence or absence of lithium. After treatment, the cell injury was evaluated by examination of viability, morphology changes, and nuclear condensation. The levels of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ threonine-serine protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also examined. In a separate experiment, we investigated the effect of Akt and ERK inhibition on cell injury after bupivacaine and lithium treatment. Pretreatment of N2a cells with lithium significantly attenuated bupivacaine-induced cell injury. Lithium pretreatment completely reversed the suppression of PI3K/Akt and ERK signalings and significantly prevented the decline of ΔΨm in N2a cells after bupivacaine treatment. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Akt and ERK diminished the protective effect of lithium against bupivacaine-induced neuronal death. Our data suggest that lithium pretreatment provides a protective effect on bupivacaine-induced neuronal cell injury. This action of lithium is mediated through, at least in part, the activating of PI3K/Akt- and ERK-dependent mechanisms. Because lithium is a clinically proved safety drug for neurons, it is worthwhile to identify whether coadministration of LAs with lithium will decrease the risks of LAs-induced postoperative neurological complications in clinic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ma F, Wei Z, Shi C, Gan Y, Lu J, Frank SJ, Balducci J, Huang Y. Signaling cross talk between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in pancreatic islet β-cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:2119-33. [PMID: 22034225 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction and destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells is a hallmark of diabetes. Better understanding of cell signals regulating β-cell growth and antiapoptosis will allow development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes by preservation and expansion of β-cell mass. GH and IGF-I share a complicated physiological relationship and have both been implicated in β-cell function. GH and IGF-I exert their biological effects through binding to respective receptors (GHR and IGF-IR) and subsequently engaging downstream signaling pathways. However, their collaborative roles in modulation of β-cell mass and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that cultured β-cells are appealing systems for investigating potential GH-IGF-I signaling cross talk. We uncover that GH specifically promotes formation of a protein complex containing GHR, Janus kinase 2 (a nonreceptor kinase coupled to GH/GHR signaling), and IGF-IR. More importantly, GH and IGF-I synergistically activate both signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and Akt pathways. Concomitantly, β-cells proliferate more robustly and are better protected from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis when exposed to GH and IGF-I in combination vs. GH or IGF-I alone. The augmented proliferative effects by GH and IGF-I are confirmed in isolated islets. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that there exists a novel signaling relationship between GH/GHR and IGF-I/IGF-IR systems in β-cells, i.e. IGF-IR may serve as a proximal component of GH/GHR signaling, contributing to enhancement of β-cell mass and function. In support of this, IGF-IR knockdown in β-cells resulted in the desensitization of acute GH-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxin Ma
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Guerra B, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Ponce-González JG, Martinez-Bello VE, Guadalupe-Grau A, Santana A, Sebastia V, Viña J, Calbet JAL. Repeated muscle biopsies through a single skin incision do not elicit muscle signaling, but IL-6 mRNA and STAT3 phosphorylation increase in injured muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1708-15. [PMID: 21436461 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00091.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if muscle biopsies can be repeated using a single small (5-6 mm) skin incision without inducing immediate MAPK activation or inflammation in the noninjured areas, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38-MAPK, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs), IκBα, IKKα, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was examined concurrent with IL-6 mRNA in six muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis of five men. Four biopsies were obtained through the same incision (5-6 mm) from the right leg (taken at 0, 30, 123, and 126 min) and another two each from new incisions performed in the left leg (at 31 and 120 min), while the subjects rested supine. The first three biopsies from the right leg were taken ∼3 cm apart from prebiopsied areas. The last biopsy was obtained from the same point from which the second biopsy was sampled. The three biopsies performed through the same skin incision from noninjured muscle areas showed similar levels of ERK1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK, IKKα, IκBα, and STAT3 phosphorylation and similar IL-6 mRNA content. There were no significant differences in the levels of ERK1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK, IKKα, and IκBα phosphorylation between the mean of the three biopsies obtained from the same incision and the sixth biopsy obtained from an injured area. STAT3 phosphorylation was increased by ∼3.5-fold in the sixth biopsy compared with the mean the three biopsies obtained from the same incision (P < 0.05), and IL-6 mRNA content was increased by 1.8-fold (P < 0.05). In summary, repeated muscle biopsies can be performed through a single 5- to 6-mm skin incision without eliciting muscle signaling through cascades responding to cellular stress, inflammation, or muscle damage. STAT3 phosphorylation is an early event in the healing response to muscle injury, probably mediated by the autocrine production of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Guerra
- Departamento de Educación Física, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
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