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Jin Y, Zhou P, Huang S, Shao C, Huang D, Su X, Yang R, Jiang J, Wu J. Cucurbitacin B Inhibits the Proliferation of WPMY-1 Cells and HPRF Cells via the p53/MDM2 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9333. [PMID: 39273281 PMCID: PMC11395236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern research has shown that Cucurbitacin B (Cu B) possesses various biological activities such as liver protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. However, the majority of research has primarily concentrated on its hepatoprotective effects, with limited attention devoted to exploring its potential impact on the prostate. Our research indicates that Cu B effectively inhibits the proliferation of human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) and fibroblasts (HPRF), while triggering apoptosis in prostate cells. When treated with 100 nM Cu B, the apoptosis rates of WPMY-1 and HPRF cells reached 51.73 ± 5.38% and 26.83 ± 0.40%, respectively. In addition, the cell cycle assay showed that Cu B had a G2/M phase cycle arrest effect on WPMY-1 cells. Based on RNA-sequencing analysis, Cu B might inhibit prostate cell proliferation via the p53 signaling pathway. Subsequently, the related gene and protein expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our results mirrored the regulation of tumor protein p53 (TP53), mouse double minute-2 (MDM2), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) in Cu B-induced prostate cell apoptosis. Altogether, Cu B may inhibit prostate cell proliferation and correlate to the modulation of the p53/MDM2 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Jin
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sisi Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Su
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.J.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
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Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Wang Y, Han Q, Zhang S, Xing X, Sun X. New perspective on the immunomodulatory activity of ginsenosides: Focus on effective therapies for post-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115154. [PMID: 37454595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 700 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported globally, and 10-60% of patients are expected to exhibit "post-COVID-19 symptoms," which will continue to affect human life and health. In the absence of safer, more specific drugs, current multiple immunotherapies have failed to achieve satisfactory efficacy. Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used as an immunomodulator and has been used in COVID-19 treatment as a tonic to increase blood oxygen saturation. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng. In this review, we summarize the multiple ways in which ginsenosides affect post-COVID-19 symptoms, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor signaling, modulation of chemokine receptors and inflammasome activation, induction of macrophage polarization, effects on Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa-B, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, lymphocytes, intestinal flora, and epigenetic regulation. Ginsenosides affect virus-mediated tissue damage, local or systemic inflammation, immune modulation, and other links, thus alleviating respiratory and pulmonary symptoms, reducing the cardiac burden, protecting the nervous system, and providing new ideas for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, we analyzed its role in strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors from the perspective of ginseng-epidemic disease and highlighted the challenges in clinical applications. However, the benefit of ginsenosides in modulating organismal imbalance post-COVID-19 needs to be further evaluated to better validate the pharmacological mechanisms associated with their traditional efficacy and to determine their role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Muzyka L, Goff NK, Choudhary N, Koltz MT. Systematic Review of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma: An Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10456. [PMID: 37445633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in adults, and molecularly targeted therapies to treat gliomas are becoming a frequent topic of investigation. The current state of molecular targeted therapy research for adult-type diffuse gliomas has yet to be characterized, particularly following the 2021 WHO guideline changes for classifying gliomas using molecular subtypes. This systematic review sought to characterize the current state of molecular target therapy research for adult-type diffuse glioma to better inform scientific progress and guide next steps in this field of study. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were queried for study design, subject (patients, human cell lines, mice, etc.), type of tumor studied, molecular target, respective molecular pathway, and details pertaining to the molecular targeted therapy-namely the modality, dose, and duration of treatment. A total of 350 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 52 of these were clinical studies, 190 were laboratory studies investigating existing molecular therapies, and 108 were laboratory studies investigating new molecular targets. Further, a total of 119 ongoing clinical trials are also underway, per a detailed query on clinicaltrials.gov. GBM was the predominant tumor studied in both ongoing and published clinical studies as well as in laboratory analyses. A few studies mentioned IDH-mutant astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. The most common molecular targets in published clinical studies and clinical trials were protein kinase pathways, followed by microenvironmental targets, immunotherapy, and cell cycle/apoptosis pathways. The most common molecular targets in laboratory studies were also protein kinase pathways; however, cell cycle/apoptosis pathways were the next most frequent target, followed by microenvironmental targets, then immunotherapy pathways, with the wnt/β-catenin pathway arising in the cohort of novel targets. In this systematic review, we examined the current evidence on molecular targeted therapy for adult-type diffuse glioma and discussed its implications for clinical practice and future research. Ultimately, published research falls broadly into three categories-clinical studies, laboratory testing of existing therapies, and laboratory identification of novel targets-and heavily centers on GBM rather than IDH-mutant astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Ongoing clinical trials are numerous in this area of research as well and follow a similar pattern in tumor type and targeted pathways as published clinical studies. The most common molecular targets in all study types were protein kinase pathways. Microenvironmental targets were more numerous in clinical studies, whereas cell cycle/apoptosis were more numerous in laboratory studies. Immunotherapy pathways are on the rise in all study types, and the wnt/β-catenin pathway is increasingly identified as a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicolas K Goff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nikita Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael T Koltz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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The ways for ginsenoside Rh2 to fight against cancer: the molecular evidences in vitro and in vivo. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:173-182. [PMID: 36926617 PMCID: PMC10014223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health issue that becomes the second primary cause of death globally. Considering the side effects of radio- or chemo-therapy, natural phytochemicals are promising alternatives for therapeutic interventions to alleviate the side effects and complications. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main phytochemical extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer with anticancer activity. GRh2 could induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and inhibit proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, GRh2 could be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics to enhance the anticancer effect and reverse the adverse effects. Here we summarized the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GRh2 and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of GRh2.
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Shannar A, Sarwar MS, Kong ANT. A New Frontier in Studying Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer and in Health: Metabolic and Epigenetic Reprogramming. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:335-346. [PMID: 36721757 PMCID: PMC9843711 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming are closely inter-related, and mutually regulate each other to control cell growth in cancer initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in regulating normal cellular functions as well as pathological conditions in many diseases, including cancer. Conversely, certain mitochondrial metabolites are considered as essential cofactors and regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, dysregulation of metabolism promotes tumor cell growth and reprograms the cells to produce metabolites and bioenergy needed to support cancer cell proliferation. Hence, metabolic reprogramming which alters the metabolites/epigenetic cofactors, would drive the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and histone modification, that could lead to cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. Recognizing the diverse array of benefits of phytochemicals, they are gaining increasing interest in cancer interception and treatment. One of the significant mechanisms of cancer interception and treatment by phytochemicals is reprogramming of the key metabolic pathways and remodeling of cancer epigenetics. This review focuses on the metabolic remodeling and epigenetics reprogramming in cancer and investigates the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals can mitigate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shannar
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Md. Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,
Correspondence to Ah-Ng Tony Kong,
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Role of ginsenoside Rh2 in tumor therapy and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
As a steroid skeleton-based saponin, ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides from the plants of genus Panax L. Many studies have reported the notable pharmacological activities of G-Rh2 such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antiallergic, antidiabetic, and anti-Alzheimer's activities. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the great potential of G-Rh2 in the treatment of a wide range of carcinomatous diseases in vitro and in vivo. G-Rh2 is able to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, retard metastasis, promote differentiation, enhance chemotherapy and reverse multi-drug resistance against multiple tumor cells. The present review mainly summarizes the anticancer effects and related mechanisms of G-Rh2 in various models as well as the recent advances in G-Rh2 delivery systems and structural modification to ameliorate its anticancer activity and pharmacokinetics characteristics.
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhai W, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Tan X, Zheng Y, Gao W, Wei Y, Wu J. A systematic review of phytochemicals from Chinese herbal medicines for non-coding RNAs-mediated cancer prevention and treatment: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Fan M, Shan M, Lan X, Fang X, Song D, Luo H, Wu D. Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033017. [PMID: 36278171 PMCID: PMC9581320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence of which has increased worldwide in recent years. Ginsenosides are the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that ginsenosides have significant anti-cancer activity, including BC. It is reported that ginsenosides can induce BC cells apoptosis, inhibit BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as autophagy and angiogenesis, thereby suppress the procession of BC. In this review, the therapeutic effects and the molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on BC will be summarized. And the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs on BC will also be discussed. In addition, epigenetic changes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by ginsenosides in the treatment of BC are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dimeng Song
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
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Wu X, Qin X, Dong H. Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2 in Glioma Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, originated from the neuroectoderm, is one of the prevalent tumors. It is reported that ginsenoside Rh2, a compound extracted from Panax ginseng, shows pharmacological activity in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. However, the precise underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. In this study, the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment was investigated using network pharmacology, through which the target of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment was screened, and further the biological functions were analyzed by gene ontology biological annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. In total, 80 potential targets of ginsenoside Rh2 for glioma treatment were screened. Biological functions analysis revealed that ginsenoside Rh2 was associated with several cancer-related signaling pathways such as VEGF signaling pathway, thereby regulating cell processes, including cell migration and cell proliferation, which suggests that ginsenoside Rh2 targets multiple genes, further mediating indicated signaling network in anti-glioma and providing a potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujiao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Jin Y, Liu T, Luo H, Liu Y, Liu D. Targeting Epigenetic Regulatory Enzymes for Cancer Therapeutics: Novel Small-Molecule Epidrug Development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848221. [PMID: 35419278 PMCID: PMC8995554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenetic enzyme-mediated transcription of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes is closely associated with the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Based on the reversibility of epigenetic mechanisms, small-molecule compounds that target epigenetic regulation have become promising therapeutics. These compounds target epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including DNA methylases, histone modifiers (methylation and acetylation), enzymes that specifically recognize post-translational modifications, chromatin-remodeling enzymes, and post-transcriptional regulators. Few compounds have been used in clinical trials and exhibit certain therapeutic effects. Herein, we summarize the classification and therapeutic roles of compounds that target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in cancer treatment. Finally, we highlight how the natural compounds berberine and ginsenosides can target epigenetic regulatory enzymes to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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14
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Tabnak P, Masrouri S, Mafakheri A. Natural products in suppressing glioma progression: A focus on the role of microRNAs. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1576-1599. [PMID: 35174549 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. Due to inadequate response to the current treatments available, glioma has been at the center of recent cancer studies searching for novel treatment strategies. This has prompted an intensive search using linkage studies and preliminary evidence to gain efficient insight into the mechanisms involved in the alleviation of the pathogenesis of glioma mediated by miRNAs, a group of noncoding RNAs that affect gene expression posttranscriptionally. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs can exacerbate the malignant features of tumor cells in glioma and other cancers. Natural products can exert anticancer effects on glioma cells by stimulating the expression levels of tumor suppressor miRNAs and repressing the expression levels of oncogenic miRNAs. In this review, we aimed to collect and analyze the literature addressing the roles of natural products in the treatment of glioma, with an emphasis on their involvement in the regulation of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Tabnak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroush Masrouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asrin Mafakheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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15
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Nasiri-Aghdam M, Garcia-Garduño TC, Jave-Suárez LF. CELF Family Proteins in Cancer: Highlights on the RNA-Binding Protein/Noncoding RNA Regulatory Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11056. [PMID: 34681716 PMCID: PMC8537729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications to coding and non-coding RNAs are unquestionably a pivotal way in which human mRNA and protein diversity can influence the different phases of a transcript's life cycle. CELF (CUGBP Elav-like family) proteins are RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) with pleiotropic capabilities in RNA processing. Their responsibilities extend from alternative splicing and transcript editing in the nucleus to mRNA stability, and translation into the cytoplasm. In this way, CELF family members have been connected to global alterations in cancer proliferation and invasion, leading to their identification as potential tumor suppressors or even oncogenes. Notably, genetic variants, alternative splicing, phosphorylation, acetylation, subcellular distribution, competition with other RBPs, and ultimately lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs all impact CELF regulation. Discoveries have emerged about the control of CELF functions, particularly via noncoding RNAs, and CELF proteins have been identified as competing, antagonizing, and regulating agents of noncoding RNA biogenesis. On the other hand, CELFs are an intriguing example through which to broaden our understanding of the RBP/noncoding RNA regulatory axis. Balancing these complex pathways in cancer is undeniably pivotal and deserves further research. This review outlines some mechanisms of CELF protein regulation and their functional consequences in cancer physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasiri-Aghdam
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Texali C. Garcia-Garduño
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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16
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Ginsenoside Rh2 Suppresses Metastasis and Growth of Colon Cancer via miR-491. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6815713. [PMID: 34603449 PMCID: PMC8486518 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6815713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 is considered as a new direction for future cancer treatment because of its excellent anticancer effect. However, due to its low bioavailability, it cannot exert its significant anticancer effect when applied directly to the human body. Chitosan (CS), a nanomaterial, has been verified to be able to enhance drug efficacy via its coating for drugs. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the impact of CS-coated ginsenoside Rh2 on the metastasis and growth of colon cancer (CC). First, ginsenoside Rh2 chitosan tripolyphosphate (CS-Rh2-TPP) nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed, and MTT, transwell, scratch adhesion, and flow cytometry assays were carried out for determining the impact of CS-Rh2-TPP at various concentrations on growth, metastasis, and apoptosis of colon cancer cells (CCCs). qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of mircoRNA-491 (miR-491) in CCCs. According to TEM-based image analysis, CS-Rh2-TPP NPs were spherical or spheroidal in even distribution, with a particle size of about 220 mm and a zeta potential of −44.58 ± 2.84 mV. Additionally, CCCs presented lower miR-491 than normal colon cells, and its relative expression in CCCs showed a stronger increase after intervention of CS-Rh2-TPP than that after intervention of ginsenoside Rh2. Moreover, CS-Rh2-TPP suppressed the activity, invasion, as well as migration of CCCs and accelerated their apoptosis more significantly than ginsenoside Rh2. According to these results, CS-Rh2-TPP is able to upregulate miR-491 in CCCs, thus suppressing the metastasis and growth of CC.
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17
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Sabo AA, Dudau M, Constantin GL, Pop TC, Geilfus CM, Naccarati A, Dragomir MP. Two Worlds Colliding: The Interplay Between Natural Compounds and Non-Coding Transcripts in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652074. [PMID: 34295245 PMCID: PMC8290364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and has recently become the leading cause of death in western countries, representing an immense public health burden. When it comes to cancer treatment, chemotherapy is one of the main pillars, especially for advanced stage tumors. Over the years, natural compounds have emerged as one of the most valuable resources for new chemotherapies. It is estimated that more than half of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from natural compounds. Usually, natural compounds are discovered empirically and an important limitation of introducing new anti-cancer natural products is lack of knowledge with regard to their mechanism of action. Recent data has proven that several natural compounds may function via modulating the expression and function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs are a heterogenous class of RNA molecules which are usually not translated into proteins but have an important role in gene expression regulation and are involved in multiple tumorigenic processes, including response/resistance to pharmacotherapy. In this review, we will discuss how natural compounds function via ncRNAs while summarizing the available data regarding their effects on over 15 types of cancer. Moreover, we will critically analyze the current advances and limitations in understanding the way natural compounds exert these health-promoting effects by acting on ncRNAs. Finally, we will propose several hypotheses that may open new avenues and perspectives regarding the interaction between natural compounds and ncRNAs, which could lead to improved natural compound-based therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru A. Sabo
- Pediatrics 2 (General and Special Pediatrics), Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Zentrum für Kinder, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Dudau
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George L. Constantin
- Division of Soil Science and Site Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tudor C. Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christoph-M. Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- IIGM Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Jiang L, Chen Q, Bei M, Shao M, Xu J. Characterizing the tumor RBP-ncRNA circuits by integrating transcriptomics, interactomics and clinical data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5235-5245. [PMID: 34630941 PMCID: PMC8479238 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions among non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and RNA binding protein (RBP) are increasingly recognized as one of basic mechanisms in gene regulation, and play a crucial role in cancer progressions. However, the current understanding of this regulation network, especially its dynamic spectrum according to the differentially expressed nodes (i.e. ncRNAs and RBP) is limited. Utilizing transcriptomics and interactomics resources, dysregulated RBP-ncRNA circuits (RNCs) are systematically dissected across 14 tumor types. We found these aberrant RNCs are robust and enriched with cancer-associated ncRNAs, RBPs and drug targets. Notably, the nodes in altered RNCs can jointly predict the clinical outcome while the individual node can't, underscoring RNCs can serve as prognostic biomarkers. We identified 30 pan-cancer RNCs dysregulated at least in six tumor types. Pan-cancer RNC analysis can reveal novel mechanism of action (MOA) and repurpose for existing drugs. Importantly, our experiments elucidated the novel role of hsa-miR-224-5p, a member of the pan-cancer RNC hsa-miR-224-5p_MAGI2-AS3_MBNL2, in EMT program. Our analysis highlights the potential utilities of RNCs in elucidating ncRNA function in cancer, associating with clinical outcomes and discovering novel drug targets or MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianzhen Xu
- Corresponding author at: No. 22, Rd. Xinling, Shantou, China.
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20
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Wang Z, Liu R, Chen L, Wang H, Zhou M, Wang Y, Qin Y. Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Rh2, the Major Anticancer Ingredient of Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills, in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 10:669-674. [PMID: 33021081 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside H dripping pill (GH) is a novel clinical-stage adjuvant for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rh2, the major anticancer ingredient of GH, was investigated in healthy volunteers. Enrolled volunteers were assigned to 3 cohorts-7.8, 15.6, and 31.2 mg-and received single and/or multiple GH orally. Blood samples were assayed by a validated bioanalytical method, and drug concentrations were analyzed using a noncompartmental methodology. The results showed that ginsenoside Rh2 was absorbed with medium speed and reached Cmax a median of 3 hours after administration. The exposure of ginsenoside Rh2 was approximately dose-dependent in terms of AUC and Cmax . The plasma concentration of ginsenoside Rh2 reached steady state after oral administration of GH twice daily for 5 days. There was no obvious accumulation in exposure parameters in the multiple-dose study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Wang
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Li Chen
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Phase I Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping Qin
- GCP Center/Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Zou H, Li Y, Liu X, Wu Z, Li J, Ma Z. Roles of plant-derived bioactive compounds and related microRNAs in cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1176-1186. [PMID: 33000538 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds, often called phytochemicals, are active substances extracted from different plants. These bioactive compounds can release therapeutic potential abilities via reducing antitumor drugs side effects or directly killing cancer cells, and others also can adjust cancer initiation and progression via regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) expression, and miRNA can regulate protein-coding expression by restraining translation or degrading target mRNA. A mass of research showed that plant-derived bioactive compounds including tanshinones, astragaloside IV, berberine, ginsenosides and matrine can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by rescuing aberrant miRNAs expression, which has influence on tumor progression, microenvironment and drug resistance in multifarious cancers. This review aims to provide a novel understanding of plant-derived bioactive compounds targeting miRNAs and shed light on their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zou
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Luo J, Li L, Hu D, Zhang X. LINC00612/miR-31-5p/Notch1 Axis Regulates Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2049-2060. [PMID: 32921999 PMCID: PMC7457876 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s255696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key regulators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the precise role of LINC00612 remains unclear. Methods The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify the expression levels of LINC00612, miR-31-5p, and Notch homolog 1 (Notch1) in lung tissues and cells. Under a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation condition, the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Caspase-3 activity was examined with a caspase-3 activity assay kit; besides, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by measuring interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, glutathione/oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase activity. The interaction relationship between miR-31-5p and LINC00612 or Notch1 was predicted by bioinformatics databases, while dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays were performed to confirm prediction. Eventually, the related protein expression was estimated with western blot assay. Results LINC00612 was downregulated in COPD tissues when compared with controls. Consistently, CSE inhibited LINC00612 expression in HPMECs with a dose/time-dependent method. Gain-of-function experiments indicated that the upregulation of LINC00612 could repress cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs induced by CSE. In addition, miR-31-5p was negatively regulated by LINC00612 in HPMECs treated with CSE. The overexpression of miR-31-5p could abolish LINC00612-induced effects on HPMECs exposed to CSE. Importantly, LINC00612 could weaken CSE-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs by regulating the miR-31-5p/Notch1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Current findings suggest that CSE-mediated cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HPMECs were abolished by upregulation of LINC00612. Furthermore, the LINC00612/miR-31-5p/Notch1 axis may represent a novel regulator of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HPMECs, which may be a potential therapeutic target for COPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dujiangyan People's Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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23
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Li X, Chu S, Lin M, Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang S, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang H, Chen N. Anticancer property of ginsenoside Rh2 from ginseng. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112627. [PMID: 32702586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng has been used as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. Ginsenosides as its main active constituents possess a broad scope of pharmacological properties including stimulating immune function, enhancing cardiovascular health, increasing resistance to stress, improving memory and learning, developing social functioning and mental health in normal persons, and chemotherapy. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. When applied to cancer treatment, Rh2 not only exhibits the anti-proliferation, anti-invasion, anti-metastasis, induction of cell cycle arrest, promotion of differentiation, and reversal of multi-drug resistance activities against multiple tumor cells, but also alleviates the side effects after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In the past decades, nearly 200 studies on Rh2 in the treatment of cancer have been published, however no specific reviews have been conducted by now. So the purpose of this review is to provide a systematic summary and analysis of the anticancer effects and the potential mechanisms of Rh2 extracted from Ginseng then give a future prospects about it. In the end of this paper the metabolism and derivatives of Rh2 also have been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, 410208, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yingjiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Songwei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Yaomei Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Naihong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China; Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, 410208, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China.
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24
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Li S, Kuo HCD, Yin R, Wu R, Liu X, Wang L, Hudlikar R, Peter RM, Kong AN. Epigenetics/epigenomics of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113890. [PMID: 32119837 PMCID: PMC7174132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a powerful group of phytochemicals derived from plant foods and herbs. Many reports have shown that they possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects not only in cell lines and animal models but also in clinical trials. Because epigenetic changes could potentially occur in the early stages of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutations, epigenetics are considered promising targets in early interventions against cancer using epigenetic bioactive substances. The biological properties of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health have multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, cell cycle regulation, as well as epigenetic/epigenomic regulation. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the latest advances in the study of the pharmacological effects of triterpenoids in cancer chemoprevention and in health, including the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Yang D, Li X, Zhang X. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces DNA damage and autophagy in vestibular schwannoma is dependent of LAMP2 transcriptional suppression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:300-307. [PMID: 31771882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a component of ginseng extraction, exerted anti-tumor property in the occurrence and progress of human tumors. Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a kind of benign tumor. Extraction of traditional Chinese herb has been applied to treat VS as adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, G-Rh2-related molecular mechanisms in VS progress are not yet clear. The purpose of current study is to unveil the function and potential molecular mechanism of Rh2 in VS cellular functions. At first, the viability and apoptosis of VS cells treated with different concentrations of Rh2 were assessed. Autophagy and DNA damage response can be induced by multiple drugs. Here, we observed the changes of autophagy and DNA damage in Rh2-induced VS cells. Based on the experimental data, treatment with Rh2 contributed to cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage and suppressing DNA damage. LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2), an autophagy inducer, was downregulated in Rh2-treated VS cells. Through mechanism study, we determined that Rh2 led to the transcriptional inactivation of LAMP2 by downregulating its transcription activator NR2F2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2). In addition, NR2F2 overexpression recovered the role of Rh2 in cell functions, which was further rescued by the silence of LAMP2. Collectively, our study unveiled a novel NR2F2/LAMP2 axis in Rh2-mediated VS cells, which potentially contributes to the therapy for VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No.168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao City, No.258 Cultural Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
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Peng F, Xie X, Peng C. Chinese Herbal Medicine-Based Cancer Therapy: Novel Anticancer Agents Targeting MicroRNAs to Regulate Tumor Growth and Metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1711-1735. [PMID: 31801358 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, have gained a reputation of the most substantial regulators in gene network with the ability to down-regulate their targets. Accumulating evidence shifted insight toward microRNAs regulation as the key element of cancer initiation, development, and aggression. Recent studies have attached the importance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to the treatment of various cancers, and the functional natural compounds have been considered as novel anticancer agents to directly inhibit tumor progression. In more recent decades, a wide range of biologically active components of TCM has gained increasing attention to their applications in the modulation of microRNAs. This review is on the purpose of demonstrating the significance of TCM bioactive ingredients in microRNAs regulation for cancer treatment according to the reports mainly in the recent six years, providing the evidence of efficient Chinese herbal medicine-based therapy and effective pro-diagnosis focusing on microRNAs expression of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu, P. R. China
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27
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Cui H. Therapeutic potential of natural products in glioblastoma treatment: targeting key glioblastoma signaling pathways and epigenetic alterations. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:963-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation but promotes apoptosis and autophagy by down-regulating microRNA-638 in human retinoblastoma cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ham SW, Kim JK, Jeon HY, Kim EJ, Jin X, Eun K, Park CG, Lee SY, Seo S, Kim JY, Choi SH, Hong N, Lee YY, Kim H. Korean Red ginseng extract inhibits glioblastoma propagation by blocking the Wnt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:393-400. [PMID: 30878548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Korean Red ginseng extract (RG) is one of the most widely used traditional health functional food in Asia, which invigorates immunity and vital energy. RG have been suggested to inhibit proliferation, invasion, and inflammation in several cancer cell lines. Correspondingly, clinical studies have raised the possibility that RG could augment therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients. However, little is known about the anti-cancer effects of RG in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor for which effective therapeutic regimens need to be developed. AIM OF THIS STUDY Here, we assessed the in vivo and in vitro anti-cancer properties of RG in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model and GBM stem cell (GSC) line. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the anti-cancer effects of RG in patient-derived GBM xenograft mice with and without combined concurrent chemo- and radiation therapy (CCRT). Furthermore, we verified the in vitro effects of RG on the proliferation, cell death, and stem cell-like self-renewal capacity of cancer cells. Finally, we investigated the signaling pathway affected by RG, via which its anti-cancer effects were mediated. RESULTS When combined with CCRT, RG impeded GBM progression by reducing cancer cell proliferation and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1)-positive immune cell recruitment. The anti-cancer effects of RG were mediated by Rg3 and Rh2 ginsenosides. Rg3 promoted cell death while Rh2 did not. Furthermore, both Rg3 and Rh2 reduced cell viability and self-renewal capacity of GSCs by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION Therefore, our observations imply that RG could be applied to the GBM patients in parallel with CCRT to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Won Ham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Eun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Gyu Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yook Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corporation, Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Daejeon, 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Biersack B. Relations between approved platinum drugs and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:161-173. [PMID: 30809599 PMCID: PMC6260483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma diseases feature an increasing risk due to their severe forms and their association with asbestos exposure. Platinum(II) complexes such as cisplatin and carboplatin are clinically approved for the therapy of mesothelioma often in combination with antimetabolites such as pemetrexed or gemcitabine. It was observed that pathogenic properties of mesothelioma cells and the response of mesothelioma tumors towards platinum-based drugs are strongly influenced by non-coding RNAs, in particular, by small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These non-coding RNAs controlled drug sensitivity and the development of tumor resistance towards platinum drugs. An overview of the interactions between platinum drugs and non-coding RNAs is given and the influence of non-coding RNAs on platinum drug efficacy in mesothelioma is discussed. Suitable non-coding RNA-modulating agents with potentially beneficial effects on cisplatin treatment of mesothelioma diseases are mentioned. The understanding of mesothelioma diseases concerning the interactions of non-coding RNAs and platinum drugs will optimize existing therapy schemes and pave the way to new treatment options in future.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- Anticancer drugs
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast
- CBDCA, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
- Carboplatin
- Cisplatin
- DADS, diallyl sulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3′-diindolylmethane
- DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- Long non-coding RNA
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma
- MRP1, multidrug resistance protein 1
- Mesothelioma
- MicroRNA
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- PDCD4, programmed cell death 4
- PEG, polyethylene glycole
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RA, retinoic acid
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TSA, trichostatin A
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Biersack B. Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:213-225. [PMID: 30809600 PMCID: PMC6257890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine and pemetrexed are clinically approved antimetabolites for the therapy of mesothelioma diseases. These drugs are often applied in combination with platinum complexes and other drugs. The activity of antimetabolites depended on the expression levels of certain non-coding RNAs, in particular, of small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The development of tumor resistance towards antimetabolites was regulated by non-coding RNAs. An overview of the interplay between gemcitabine/pemetrexed antimetabolites and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma is provided. Further to this, various non-coding RNA-modulating agents are discussed which displayed positive effects on gemcitabine or pemetrexed treatment of mesothelioma diseases. A detailed knowledge of the connections of non-coding RNAs with antimetabolites will be constructive for the design of improved therapies in future.
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Key Words
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- DADS, diallyl sulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3‘-diindolylmethane
- DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Gemcitabine
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- Long non-coding RNA
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma
- Mesothelioma
- MicroRNA
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- PDCD4, programmed cell death 4
- PEG, polyethylene glycole
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pemetrexed
- RA, retinoic acid
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TSA, trichostatin A
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Ma J, Bao L, Xia X, Feng Q, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Cao Z. miR-128b Promotes Cerebral Infarction by Regulating the Expressions of BCL-2 and CAPASE3. World Neurosurg 2018; 123:e245-e251. [PMID: 30481625 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of miR-128b on apoptosis and BCL-2 and CAPASE3 expression in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. METHODS The MCAO model was established by the thread embolism method. miR-128b agomir and antagomir were injected into the ventricle of MCAO rats by stereotaxic intracerebral injection. Then the rats were divided into a sham group, model group, miR-128b agomir group, and miR-128b antagomir group. Zea Longa was used to score the modeling rats. The area of cerebral infarction was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The miR-128b relative expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of BCL-2 and CAPASE3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The MCAO model was constructed successfully. The expressions of miR-128b in the MCAO groups were higher than that of the sham group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the cerebral infarction area in the miR-128b agomir group was significantly bigger and that of the miR-128b antagomir group was smaller (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells in the miR-128b agomir group was more and that of miR-128b antagomir group was less (P < 0.05 vs. model group). The BCL-2 expression reduced and CAPASE3 expression increased in the MCAO groups (P < 0.05 vs. sham group). Compared with the model group, the Bcl-2 expression decreased and Caspase 3 expression increased in the miR-128b agomir group, and those in the miR-128b antagomir group were opposite. CONCLUSIONS miR-128b promoted cerebral infarction in MCAO rats by regulating Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiupeng Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ren G, Shi Z, Teng C, Yao Y. Antiproliferative Activity of Combined Biochanin A and Ginsenoside Rh₂ on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112908. [PMID: 30413008 PMCID: PMC6278524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The antiproliferative activities of biochanin A (BA) and ginsenoside Rh2 were determined by evaluating their inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell proliferation. The combination of BA with Rh2 was also assessed. In MDA cells, combination treatment led to a decrease in the EC50 values of BA and Rh2 to 25.20 μM and 22.75 μM, respectively. In MCF-7 cells, the EC50 values of combined BA and Rh2 decreased to 27.68 μM and 25.41 μM, respectively. BA combined with Rh2 also improved the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell migration and invasion compared to the individual compounds. Western blot analysis demonstrated upregulation in p-p53, p-p38, and p-ASK1 proteins while levels of TRAF2 were downregulated. These results suggest that BA combined with Rh2 exhibits synergistic effects against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Ren
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No.1 Shilling Road, Chenglo Avenue, Longquan District, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Zhenxing Shi
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Cong Teng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ren G, Wu C, Teng C, Yao Y. Synergistic effect of combined protopanaxatiol and ginsenoside Rh2 on antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1490700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Ren
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Teng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chen W, Chu S, Li H, Qiu Y. MicroRNA-146a-5p enhances ginsenoside Rh2-induced anti-proliferation and the apoptosis of the human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5367-5374. [PMID: 30197683 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy-associated mortality worldwide and its clinical therapy remains very challenging. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) has been reported to have antitumor effects on some types of cancer, including liver cancer. However, its regulatory mechanism has not been extensively evaluated. In the present study, Rh2 increased the expression of microRNA (miR)-200b-5p, miR-224-3p and miR-146a-5p, and decreased the expression of miR-26b-3p and miR-29a-5p. Of the three upregulated miRs, miR-146a-5p exhibited the highest fold elevation. In accordance with a previous study, Rh2 effectively inhibited the survival of liver cancer cells in vitro and in a mouse model. In addition, it was observed that Rh2 markedly promoted liver cancer apoptosis and inhibited colony formation. Cell apoptosis and the inhibition of cell survival as well as colony formation induced by Rh2 were enhanced and weakened by miR-146a-5p overexpression and inhibition, respectively. The results of the present study provide further evidence of the antitumor effect of Rh2 in liver cancer and also demonstrate that this effect may be mediated via the regulation of miR-146a-5p expression in the liver cancer cell line HepG2. The results indicated that miR-146a-5p may be a promising regulatory factor in Rh2-mediated effects in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Chen
- Medical Laboratories, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Medical Laboratories, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chu
- Medical Laboratories, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Li
- Medical Laboratories, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Medical Laboratories, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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The reversal effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 on drug resistance in human colorectal carcinoma cells and its mechanism. Hum Cell 2018; 31:189-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lu C, Wang Y, Lv J, Jiang N, Fan B, Qu L, Li Y, Chen S, Wang F, Liu X. Ginsenoside Rh2 reverses sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficit in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 349:109-115. [PMID: 29544964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) negatively caused cognitive deficit, which was associated with oxidative stress induced damage. Ginsenoside Rh2 had the ability to protect against damage caused by reactive oxygen species in vitro, showing antioxidant property. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Ginsenoside Rh2 could prevent SD-induced cognitive deficit via its antioxidant properties. In this study, the effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 on memory impairment induced by sleep deprivation was investigated. The mice were sleep deprived continuously for 14 days using our self-made Sleep Interruption Apparatus (SIA). Ginsenoside Rh2 was administered intraperitoneally at two doses (20 and 40 μmol/kg) for 20 days. Thereafter, behavioral studies were conducted to test the learning and memory ability using object location recognition (OLR) experiment and passive avoidance (PA) test. Additionally, the oxidative stress parameters in the serum and the brain tissues (cortex and hippocampus) were assessed, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, the total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the glutathione (GSH) level, and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) content. The results revealed that SD impaired both spatial and non-spatial memory (P < 0.05). Treatment with Ginsenoside Rh2 at both doses prevented memory impairment induced by SD. Moreover, Ginsenoside Rh2 normalized the reduction of SOD and TAR activities in the serum (P < 0.01) and the decrease of GSH content in both the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.05) induced by SD. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rh2 significantly decreased the MDA level in the serum (P < 0.05) and the LPO content in both the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.05) compared to SD group. In conclusion, sleep deprivation impaired both spatial and non-spatial memory and Ginsenoside Rh2 reversed this impairment, probably by preventing the oxidative stress damage in the body, including the serum and brain during sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Qu
- National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- National Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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MicroRNA-30a-3p is overexpressed in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and affects trophoblast invasion and apoptosis by its effects on IGF-1. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:249.e1-249.e12. [PMID: 29155142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) affects many women globally and remains a primary cause of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Aberrant placental microRNA (miRNA) expression might be associated with PE. Previously, 33 PE-related miRNAs, 11 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated, were detected in placentas of women with severe PE when compared with those of normal patients. One of the most up-regulated miRNAs in PE is miR-30a-3p. The predicted target of it is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which has been reported to have a relatively low expression level in PE patients. This study was conducted to determine the aberrant increased of miR-30a-3p in the placentas of women with preeclampsia and to elucidate the target and function of it in trophoblast cells. STUDY DESIGN miR-30a-3p expression in placenta tissues was compared between women with preeclampsia (n = 25) and normal pregnant women (n = 20). The miRNA target was studied by in silico and functional assay. The effects of the miRNA were verified by apoptosis assay and invasion assay in the trophoblast cell line. RESULTS miR-30a-3p was increased significantly in the placenta of women with preeclampsia when compared to those with normal pregnancies. Luciferase assay confirmed direct regulation of miR-30a-3p on the expression of IGF-1. Forced expression of miR-30a-3p suppressed IGF-1 protein expression in the HTR-8/SVneo cells. The functional assay suggests that the over-expression of miR-30a-3p alter the invasive capacity of JEG-3 cells and induce the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells (Figure). CONCLUSION Expression of miR-30a-3p was significantly increased in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia. miR-30a-3p might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by targeting IGF-1 and regulating the invasion and apoptosis of trophoblast cells.
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Kim JH, Kim M, Yun SM, Lee S, No JH, Suh DH, Kim K, Kim YB. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HEC1A and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:871-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ahuja A, Kim JH, Kim JH, Yi YS, Cho JY. Functional role of ginseng-derived compounds in cancer. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:248-254. [PMID: 29983605 PMCID: PMC6026353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a natural product best known for its curative properties in diverse physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, and maintenance of hemostasis in the immune system. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies into the pharmacology and chemistry of ginseng components and the relationship between their structure and function. The emerging use of modified ginseng and development of new compounds from ginseng for clinical studies have been topics of study for many researchers. The present review deals with the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive effects, and recent advances in microRNA technology related to red ginseng. The review also summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of ginsenosides in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Ahuja
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Xia T, Wang YN, Zhou CX, Wu LM, Liu Y, Zeng QH, Zhang XL, Yao JH, Wang M, Fang JP. Ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in human leukemia Jurkat cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3591-3598. [PMID: 28440403 PMCID: PMC5436158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) and ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) are primary bioactive components in Panax ginseng. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of apoptotic cell-death induced by GRh2 and GRg3 in human leukemia Jurkat cells. The Cell Counting kit-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by nuclear morphologic observation by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-allophycocyanin and 7-amino-actinomycin D assay. mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, was used to examine the effects of mitochondrial ROS on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Finally, the expression levels of numerous mitochondrial-associated apoptosis proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. These results demonstrated that GRh2 and GRg3 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis, and that GRh2 had greater cytotoxicity than GRg3. GRh2 induced generation of more mitochondrial ROS compared with GRg3 in Jurkat cells; however, this effect was ameliorated by subsequent treatment with mitoTEMPO. Furthermore, excess mitochondrial ROS induced by GRh2 was more potent than GRg3 in inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing MMP. In addition, expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were significantly increased in Jurkat cells treated with GRh2 than GRg3. In conclusion, these findings suggested that GRh2 and GRg3 induce mitochondrial-associated apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial ROS in human leukemia Jurkat cells. GRh2 may more effectively inhibit cell growth and accelerate apoptosis than GRg3. This study provides a potential novel strategy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Nan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Xin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Hong Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Pei Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Zhou ZH, Yang J, Kong AN. Phytochemicals in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine: Cancer Prevention and Epigenetics Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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KIM JH, CHOI JS. Effect of Ginsenoside Rh-2 via Activation of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-Insensitive Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Physiol Res 2016; 65:1031-1037. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside has been reported to have therapeutic effects for some types of cancer, but its effect on ovarian cancer cells has not been evaluated. In this study, we monitored the effects of ginsenoside-Rh2 (Rh2) on the inhibition of cell proliferation and the apoptotic process in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 using an MTT assay and TUNEL assay. We found that Rh2 inhibited cell proliferation and significantly induced apoptosis. We confirmed the apoptotic effects of Rh2 using western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. Specifically, the levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in SKOV3 cells treated with Rh2. Therefore, Rh2 clearly suppressed the growth of SKOV3 cells in vitro, which was associated with induction of the apoptosis pathway. Moreover, the migration assay showed that Rh2 inhibited the invasive ability of SKOV3 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Rh2 has anticancer effects in SKOV3 cells through inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Considering the therapeutic potential of Rh2, more studies should be carried out to facilitate the future application of this natural product as a potential anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.-S. CHOI
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University, Eumseong, Korea
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44
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Gui Z, Luo F, Yang Y, Shen C, Li S, Xu J. Oridonin inhibition and miR‑200b‑3p/ZEB1 axis in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:111-120. [PMID: 27878247 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among oridonin, miR-200b-3p and pancreatic cancer on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated for the molecular mechanism or signaling pathways on the migration in pancreatic cancer. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were cultivated and the IC50 of oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were obtained by the CCK-8 array. The expression of miR‑200b-3p was verified by using real-time PCR and its target gene was predicted. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were treated with oridonin or transfected by miR-200b-3p, those cells were used for western blot assay, Transwell assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, tumorigenesis assay in nude mice and immunohistochemical assay to verify the effects of oridonin or miR-200b-3p on pancreatic cancer. We found that oridonin inhibited the proliferation of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-200b-3p was downregulated by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. ZEB1 was a target gene for miR-200b-3p. Oridonin or overexpression of miR‑200b-3p can inhibit the cell migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. miR-200b-3p can inhibit the EMT and oridonin can inhibit the expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin and fibronectin but not increase the expression of E-cadherin, while the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells and the cytoskeleton was altered by oridonin in PANC-1 cells compared with the control. In summary, the results demonstrate that miR‑200b-3p was able to inhibit the EMT of human pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by targeted ZEB1. In vitro, oridonin had a certain effect on the migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, but not though type III EMT by miR-200-3p/ZEB1 axis, and may be related to type Ⅱ EMT, tumor microenvironment or altering the cytoskeleton. In vivo, oridonin inhibited the cancer migration in the nude mouse model though inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Gui
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yayang Yang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Can Shen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Chen F, Deng Z, Xiong Z, Zhang B, Yang J, Hu J. A ROS-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway is induced by ginsenoside Rh2 in hepatoma HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:3828-37. [PMID: 26449932 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, has been proven as an anticancer compound both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the role of the lysosomes during the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by GRh2. The results showed that GRh2 significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the HepG2 cells, which consequently resulted in early lysosomal membrane permeabilization with the release of cathepsin B (Cat B) to the cytosol. Western blot analysis showed that the released Cat B in the cytosol contributed to Bid cleavage. Subsequently mitochondrial damage was observed in the HepG2 cells. Interestingly, when the HepG2 cells were pre-treated with N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) for 1 h, which inhibited ROS generation before being exposed to GRh2, the permeabilization of lysosomal membranes and the levels of Cat B in the cytosol were down-regulated. Moreover, mitochondrial damage was alleviated when the HepG2 cells were pre-treated with leupeptin (Leu). From the above results, it could be concluded that GRh2 induced apoptosis of the HepG2 cells through accumulation of ROS and activation of the lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving the release of Cat B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - ZeYuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - ZengXing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - JianYuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - JiangNing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Biersack B. Current state of phenolic and terpenoidal dietary factors and natural products as non-coding RNA/microRNA modulators for improved cancer therapy and prevention. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:12-34. [PMID: 30159408 PMCID: PMC6096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of cancer cells by small non-coding RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has raised particular interest in the field of oncology. These miRNAs play crucial roles concerning pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells towards anticancer drugs. Certain miRNAs are responsible for an enhanced activity of drugs, while others lead to the formation of tumor resistance. In addition, miRNAs regulate survival and proliferation of cancer cells, in particular of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), that are especially drug-resistant and, thus, cause tumor relapse in many cases. Various small molecule compounds were discovered that target miRNAs that are known to modulate tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. This review comprises the effects of naturally occurring small molecules (phenolic compounds and terpenoids) on miRNAs involved in cancer diseases.
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Key Words
- 1,25-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 18-AGA, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid
- 3,6-DHF, 3,6-dihydroxyflavone
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester
- CDODA-Me, methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18β-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- MicroRNA
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PPAP, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol
- Polyphenols
- RA, retinoic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Terpenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Anticancer Activities of Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenosides and Their Metabolites. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5738694. [PMID: 27446225 PMCID: PMC4944051 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5738694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, most anticancer drugs are derived from natural resources such as marine, microbial, and botanical sources, but the low success rates of chemotherapies and the development of multidrug resistance emphasize the importance of discovering new compounds that are both safe and effective against cancer. Ginseng types, including Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng, have been used traditionally to treat various diseases, due to their immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and antitumor activities. Accumulating reports have shown that ginsenosides, the major active component of ginseng, were helpful for tumor treatment. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PDS) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol saponins (PTS) are two characteristic types of triterpenoid saponins in ginsenosides. PTS holds capacity to interfere with crucial metabolism, while PDS could affect cell cycle distribution and prodeath signaling. This review aims at providing an overview of PTS and PDS, as well as their metabolites, regarding their different anticancer effects with the proposal that these compounds might be potent additions to the current chemotherapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Ji CC, Tang HF, Hu YY, Zhang Y, Zheng MH, Qin HY, Li SZ, Wang XY, Fei Z, Cheng G. Saponin 6 derived from Anemone taipaiensis induces U87 human malignant glioblastoma cell apoptosis via regulation of Fas and Bcl‑2 family proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:380-6. [PMID: 27175997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Saponin 6, derived from Anemone taipaiensis, exerts potent cytotoxic effects against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL‑60 cell line; however, the effects of saponin 6 on glioblastoma remain unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of saponin 6 on human U87 malignant glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells. The current study revealed that saponin 6 induced U87 MG cell death in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.83 µM after treatment for 48 h. However, saponin 6 was needed to be used at a lesser potency in HT‑22 cells, with an IC50 value of 6.24 µM. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. DNA fragmentation and alterations in nuclear morphology were examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The present study demonstrated that treatment with saponin 6 induced cell apoptosis in U87 MG cells, and resulted in DNA fragmentation and nuclear morphological alterations typical of apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that saponin 6 was able to induce cell cycle arrest. The present study also demonstrated that saponin 6‑induced apoptosis of U87 MG cells was attributed to increases in the protein expression levels of Fas, Fas ligand, and cleaved caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9, and decreases in the levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2. The current study indicated that saponin 6 may exhibit selective cytotoxicity toward U87 MG cells by activating apoptosis via the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Therefore, saponin 6 derived from A. taipaiensis may possess therapeutic potential for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese P.L.A., Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Liu ZH, Xia J, Li XP, Li KQ, Xiong W, Li J, Chen DL. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:137-46. [PMID: 27121661 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) and other ginsenoside monomers inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells. However, the effect has not been compared among them. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and ultra-structural characteristics were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Real-time fluorescence quantitative‑PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of β-catenin, TCF4, cyclin D1 and NF-κBp65. β-catenin/TCF4 target gene transcription were observed by ChIP-PCR assay. We found that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [(S)Rh2] inhibited the proliferation of KG-1a cells more efficiently than the other monomers. Moreover, (S)Rh2 arrested KG-1a cells in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, the levels of β-catenin, TCF4, cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were decreased. The ChIP-PCR showed that (S)Rh2 downregulated the transcription of β-catenin/TCF4 target genes, such as cyclin D1 and c-myc. These results indicated that (S)Rh2 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical and Health School, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qiong Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Xu FY, Shang WQ, Yu JJ, Sun Q, Li MQ, Sun JS. The antitumor activity study of ginsenosides and metabolites in lung cancer cell. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1708-18. [PMID: 27186294 PMCID: PMC4859899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng and its components exert various biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, and antitumor activity. Ginsenosides are the main biological components of ginseng. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) are two metabolites of ginsenosides. However, the difference between these compounds in anti-lung cancer is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of PPD, PPT, Ginsenosides-Rg3 (G-Rg3) and Ginsenosides-Rh2 (G-Rh2) in lung cancer cell. After treatment with cisplatin, PPD, PPT, G-Rg3 or G-Rh2, the viability, apoptosis level and invasiveness of lung cell lines (A549 cell, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line and SK-MES-1 cell, a lung squamous cell line) in vitro were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Annexin V/PI apoptosis and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Here we found that all these compounds led to significant decreases of viability and invasiveness and an obvious increase of apoptosis of A549 and SK-MES-1 cells. Among these, the viability of SK-MES-1 cell treated with PPT was decreased to 66.8%, and this effect was closest to Cisplatin. G-Rg3 had the highest stimulatory effect on apoptosis, and PTT had the highest inhibitory effect on cell invasiveness in A549 and SK-MES-1 cells. These results indicate that both ginsenosides and two metabolites have antitumor activity on lung cancer cell in vitro. However, PPT is more powerful for inhibiting the viability and invasiveness of lung cancer cell, especially lung squamous cell. G-Rg3 has the best pro-apoptosis effects. This study provides a scientific basis for potential therapeutic strategies targeted to lung cancer by further structure modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yuan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Synthesis of Monosaccharide, Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi Province 330027, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200493, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Shang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun Yu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Synthesis of Monosaccharide, Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang, Jiangxi Province 330027, People’s Republic of China
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